From: Petter Reinholdtsen Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2019 15:55:50 +0000 (+0100) Subject: Updated PO files. X-Git-Tag: nb-printed-2020-11-13~111 X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/commitdiff_plain/efb94951d6bc96a9bde5be954a2d8c5ee1e02a68?hp=0d034dd1e26d8c6b86909cec2e66dc2aba3595b3 Updated PO files. --- diff --git a/po/de/mwcc.po b/po/de/mwcc.po index 61bf585..7fcaa35 100644 --- a/po/de/mwcc.po +++ b/po/de/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-06-11 12:22+0000\n" "Last-Translator: nautilusx \n" "Language-Team: German ." msgstr "" -"Illustrationen von Bryan Mathers, ." +"Illustrationen von Bryan Mathers, ." #. type: Content of: #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:50 @@ -721,8 +721,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: @@ -772,10 +773,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "" msgstr "" @@ -824,7 +825,8 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. )." msgstr "" #. type: Content of:
@@ -902,21 +904,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. ). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -924,7 +926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -935,7 +937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -946,14 +948,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -970,23 +972,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -994,7 +996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1004,7 +1006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1012,12 +1014,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1028,12 +1030,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1042,7 +1044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1051,7 +1053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1062,7 +1064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1073,7 +1075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1084,7 +1086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1093,12 +1095,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1109,7 +1111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1119,7 +1121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1127,7 +1129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1135,28 +1137,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1164,7 +1166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1173,11 +1175,11 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1187,30 +1189,31 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1222,7 +1225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1230,7 +1233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1250,7 +1253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1263,14 +1266,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1284,7 +1287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1293,23 +1296,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1317,12 +1320,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1330,12 +1333,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1343,28 +1346,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1381,7 +1384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1390,7 +1393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1403,7 +1406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1418,7 +1421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1426,7 +1429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1436,14 +1439,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1454,7 +1457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -1462,7 +1465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1479,7 +1482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1489,14 +1492,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1508,7 +1511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1522,7 +1525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1532,7 +1535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -1540,7 +1543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1554,22 +1557,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1585,7 +1588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -1593,7 +1596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1603,7 +1606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1614,7 +1617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1622,7 +1625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1635,14 +1638,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1662,7 +1665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1670,7 +1673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1684,7 +1687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1699,7 +1702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1707,7 +1710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1719,7 +1722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1728,7 +1731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1736,14 +1739,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1758,7 +1761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1766,7 +1769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -1777,14 +1780,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -1795,7 +1798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1810,7 +1813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1824,7 +1827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -1834,7 +1837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1849,12 +1852,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1863,7 +1866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1873,7 +1876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1887,7 +1890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1901,7 +1904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1909,7 +1912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1925,7 +1928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1939,7 +1942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1954,7 +1957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1970,7 +1973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1979,12 +1982,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1997,7 +2000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2007,7 +2010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2019,7 +2022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2029,7 +2032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2038,7 +2041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2053,7 +2056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2064,7 +2067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2075,19 +2078,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Gemacht mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2104,7 +2107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2116,7 +2119,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2124,7 +2127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2135,7 +2138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2143,7 +2146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -2156,7 +2159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2165,7 +2168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2177,7 +2180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2190,7 +2193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2200,7 +2203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2215,7 +2218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2229,7 +2232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2239,14 +2242,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2261,7 +2264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2273,7 +2276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2285,7 +2288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2293,7 +2296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2306,12 +2309,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2326,7 +2329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2334,7 +2337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2348,12 +2351,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2371,7 +2374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2386,7 +2389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2396,7 +2399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2404,26 +2407,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -2444,26 +2447,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -2482,12 +2485,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2504,12 +2507,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -2518,7 +2521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2531,12 +2534,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2547,7 +2550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2558,7 +2561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2575,12 +2578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2592,12 +2595,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2611,19 +2614,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2637,7 +2640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2647,12 +2650,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2668,17 +2671,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2690,12 +2693,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -2703,7 +2706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2721,7 +2724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2736,7 +2739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2751,7 +2754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2762,12 +2765,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2778,12 +2781,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2800,7 +2803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2817,12 +2820,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2831,12 +2834,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2850,29 +2853,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2889,12 +2892,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2906,17 +2909,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2932,12 +2935,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -2946,7 +2949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2964,12 +2967,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2981,7 +2984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2992,24 +2995,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3021,12 +3024,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3044,12 +3047,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3063,7 +3066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3074,7 +3077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3083,24 +3086,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -3113,17 +3116,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3147,12 +3150,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3163,12 +3166,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3177,12 +3180,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3198,22 +3201,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3229,12 +3232,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -3248,17 +3251,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3272,13 +3275,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3289,12 +3292,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3307,12 +3310,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3321,7 +3324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3335,7 +3338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3345,17 +3348,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3365,13 +3368,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3386,12 +3389,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3404,12 +3407,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3427,7 +3430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3438,12 +3441,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3460,7 +3463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3471,7 +3474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3479,7 +3482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3487,7 +3490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3500,7 +3503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3515,7 +3518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3524,19 +3527,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3547,14 +3550,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3570,7 +3573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -3584,12 +3587,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3602,22 +3605,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3631,17 +3634,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3658,22 +3661,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3691,12 +3694,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -3709,12 +3712,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3728,22 +3731,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -3757,7 +3760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3765,17 +3768,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3791,12 +3794,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3809,7 +3812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3822,12 +3825,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3837,19 +3840,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3862,17 +3865,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3889,17 +3892,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -3915,19 +3918,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -3936,14 +3939,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3959,7 +3962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -3967,7 +3970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3983,7 +3986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3995,28 +3998,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4032,12 +4035,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4050,17 +4053,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4081,19 +4084,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4109,14 +4112,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4130,14 +4133,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Gemacht Mit Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4152,29 +4155,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4183,12 +4186,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4199,12 +4202,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4212,12 +4215,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4226,12 +4229,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4239,12 +4242,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4253,7 +4256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4261,31 +4264,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4298,7 +4301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4313,7 +4316,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4328,7 +4331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4337,7 +4340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4351,12 +4354,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -4365,12 +4368,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4382,7 +4385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4392,24 +4395,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4417,38 +4420,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4464,7 +4467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4475,7 +4478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4486,7 +4489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4498,7 +4501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4509,7 +4512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4520,7 +4523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4535,7 +4538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4551,7 +4554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4562,7 +4565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4572,7 +4575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4586,7 +4589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4599,12 +4602,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4618,7 +4621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4633,7 +4636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4647,7 +4650,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4659,7 +4662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4670,12 +4673,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4692,7 +4695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4702,7 +4705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -4713,7 +4716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4721,12 +4724,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4734,45 +4737,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4781,12 +4784,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4799,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4814,7 +4817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4827,7 +4830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4838,7 +4841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4848,7 +4851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4858,7 +4861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4875,7 +4878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4885,7 +4888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4898,7 +4901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4910,7 +4913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -4920,7 +4923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4928,7 +4931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -4943,7 +4946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4954,7 +4957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -4964,7 +4967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4974,43 +4977,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5023,7 +5026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5035,7 +5038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5044,7 +5047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5057,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5071,7 +5074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -5082,7 +5085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5094,7 +5097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -5106,7 +5109,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5116,7 +5119,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5131,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5143,7 +5146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5154,7 +5157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5171,7 +5174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5180,7 +5183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5191,7 +5194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5200,7 +5203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5212,46 +5215,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -5260,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -5272,7 +5275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5282,7 +5285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5291,7 +5294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5301,7 +5304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5309,7 +5312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5324,7 +5327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -5332,7 +5335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -5341,7 +5344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5357,7 +5360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5365,7 +5368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5374,7 +5377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -5385,7 +5388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5400,7 +5403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5410,7 +5413,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5419,7 +5422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5434,7 +5437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5447,7 +5450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5460,7 +5463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5470,7 +5473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5481,7 +5484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5491,7 +5494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -5500,12 +5503,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5513,12 +5516,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5526,13 +5529,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5543,7 +5546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5553,7 +5556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5574,7 +5577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5589,7 +5592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5603,7 +5606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5615,12 +5618,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5637,7 +5640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5651,7 +5654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5661,7 +5664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5672,7 +5675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5684,7 +5687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5695,7 +5698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5705,7 +5708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5717,7 +5720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5727,7 +5730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5735,7 +5738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5745,38 +5748,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5787,7 +5790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5795,7 +5798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5807,7 +5810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5815,7 +5818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5833,7 +5836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5849,7 +5852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5861,7 +5864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5873,7 +5876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5888,7 +5891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5898,7 +5901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5908,7 +5911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5925,7 +5928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5941,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5957,7 +5960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5970,7 +5973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5983,7 +5986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5996,7 +5999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -6009,7 +6012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -6019,17 +6022,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6037,29 +6040,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6072,7 +6075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6080,7 +6083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6091,7 +6094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6100,7 +6103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6108,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6119,7 +6122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6129,7 +6132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6138,7 +6141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6148,7 +6151,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6157,7 +6160,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6170,7 +6173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6182,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6198,7 +6201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6210,7 +6213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6222,7 +6225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6236,7 +6239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6248,7 +6251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6259,21 +6262,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6287,7 +6290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6300,12 +6303,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6319,7 +6322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6329,7 +6332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6344,12 +6347,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6357,37 +6360,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6408,7 +6411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6421,7 +6424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6436,7 +6439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6454,14 +6457,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6479,7 +6482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6494,7 +6497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6514,7 +6517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6523,7 +6526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6540,7 +6543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6555,12 +6558,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6570,12 +6573,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6584,7 +6587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6593,7 +6596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6607,7 +6610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6619,7 +6622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6634,7 +6637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6645,7 +6648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6653,7 +6656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6661,7 +6664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6674,7 +6677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6683,7 +6686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6695,7 +6698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6705,12 +6708,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6718,30 +6721,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6758,7 +6761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6767,7 +6770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6776,7 +6779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6794,7 +6797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6805,7 +6808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6816,7 +6819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6826,7 +6829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6839,35 +6842,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6876,7 +6879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6884,12 +6887,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6898,7 +6901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6910,14 +6913,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6931,7 +6934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6944,7 +6947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6960,7 +6963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6968,7 +6971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6980,7 +6983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6988,7 +6991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6996,7 +6999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -7008,13 +7011,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7027,7 +7030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7039,7 +7042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7049,7 +7052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7063,14 +7066,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7083,7 +7086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7096,48 +7099,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -7161,7 +7164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7173,7 +7176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7184,7 +7187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7194,7 +7197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7209,33 +7212,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7245,7 +7248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7255,7 +7258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7264,7 +7267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7275,7 +7278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7293,7 +7296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7306,7 +7309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7319,7 +7322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7329,7 +7332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7342,7 +7345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7352,7 +7355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7366,7 +7369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7378,7 +7381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7390,7 +7393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7401,7 +7404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7414,7 +7417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7425,7 +7428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7434,7 +7437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7447,7 +7450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7459,26 +7462,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7486,12 +7489,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -7505,7 +7508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7518,7 +7521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7527,7 +7530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7539,7 +7542,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7556,7 +7559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7567,7 +7570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7578,7 +7581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7589,7 +7592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7601,7 +7604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7611,7 +7614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7623,7 +7626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7637,7 +7640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7654,7 +7657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7663,7 +7666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7677,7 +7680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7688,7 +7691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7698,7 +7701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7708,7 +7711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7716,12 +7719,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7729,30 +7732,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7760,7 +7763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7771,7 +7774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7781,7 +7784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7791,14 +7794,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7810,7 +7813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7820,7 +7823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7831,7 +7834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7840,7 +7843,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7855,7 +7858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7868,7 +7871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7878,7 +7881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7894,7 +7897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7909,7 +7912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7917,7 +7920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7930,14 +7933,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7946,7 +7949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7955,7 +7958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7970,7 +7973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7980,7 +7983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7989,7 +7992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -8000,7 +8003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -8009,7 +8012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -8021,7 +8024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8030,7 +8033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8042,7 +8045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8054,12 +8057,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8067,31 +8070,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8103,7 +8106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8117,7 +8120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8127,38 +8130,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -8169,7 +8172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8179,7 +8182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8189,7 +8192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8199,19 +8202,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8226,7 +8229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8241,7 +8244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8252,7 +8255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8262,7 +8265,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8273,13 +8276,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8287,7 +8290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8297,7 +8300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8306,7 +8309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -8317,7 +8320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8330,14 +8333,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8345,7 +8348,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8356,12 +8359,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8372,7 +8375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8381,7 +8384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8390,7 +8393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8409,7 +8412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8417,7 +8420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8426,46 +8429,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8473,32 +8476,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8507,7 +8510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8525,7 +8528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8534,7 +8537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8547,7 +8550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8557,7 +8560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8565,7 +8568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8575,12 +8578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8589,7 +8592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8598,7 +8601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8610,12 +8613,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8628,7 +8631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8636,14 +8639,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8651,14 +8654,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8666,7 +8669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8675,14 +8678,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8691,24 +8694,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8721,34 +8724,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8756,7 +8759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8766,7 +8769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8777,7 +8780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -8787,7 +8790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8797,12 +8800,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8814,7 +8817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8824,29 +8827,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8854,28 +8857,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8888,7 +8891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8898,7 +8901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8906,12 +8909,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8919,31 +8922,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8957,7 +8960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8970,7 +8973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8984,14 +8987,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -9004,7 +9007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -9015,7 +9018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9025,7 +9028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9034,12 +9037,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9049,7 +9052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9058,7 +9061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9071,7 +9074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9083,7 +9086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9095,7 +9098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9108,7 +9111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9118,7 +9121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9130,7 +9133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9145,7 +9148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9156,7 +9159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9170,7 +9173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9189,7 +9192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9201,7 +9204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -9213,7 +9216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9225,34 +9228,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9261,7 +9264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9270,7 +9273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9280,7 +9283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9293,22 +9296,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9317,12 +9320,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9330,7 +9333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -9339,7 +9342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -9348,7 +9351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -9359,7 +9362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9375,7 +9378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9388,7 +9391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9402,7 +9405,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9416,7 +9419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9435,7 +9438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9445,7 +9448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9457,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9471,7 +9474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9483,7 +9486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9494,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9506,7 +9509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9518,7 +9521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9529,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9541,7 +9544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9556,7 +9559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -9568,7 +9571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9580,12 +9583,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9593,30 +9596,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9632,7 +9635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9646,7 +9649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9660,7 +9663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9674,7 +9677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9688,7 +9691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9700,7 +9703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9708,7 +9711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9726,7 +9729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9737,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9745,7 +9748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9756,7 +9759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9765,7 +9768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9776,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9786,7 +9789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9810,7 +9813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9818,7 +9821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9827,7 +9830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9841,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9850,7 +9853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9868,7 +9871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9880,17 +9883,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9906,7 +9909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9918,7 +9921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9930,7 +9933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9938,24 +9941,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9963,19 +9966,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9992,7 +9995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -10008,7 +10011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10019,12 +10022,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10040,7 +10043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10054,7 +10057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10069,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10082,7 +10085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10098,7 +10101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10109,7 +10112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10124,12 +10127,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10140,7 +10143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10153,7 +10156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10162,7 +10165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10175,14 +10178,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10196,7 +10199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10205,14 +10208,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10230,7 +10233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10238,7 +10241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10249,7 +10252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10264,7 +10267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10284,42 +10287,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10332,7 +10335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10346,7 +10349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -10357,7 +10360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10370,7 +10373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10383,7 +10386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10396,7 +10399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -10412,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -10428,7 +10431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10440,7 +10443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10449,7 +10452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10461,7 +10464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10475,7 +10478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -10487,7 +10490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10497,7 +10500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10515,7 +10518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10524,12 +10527,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10537,29 +10540,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10569,7 +10572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10578,7 +10581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10588,12 +10591,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10605,7 +10608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10615,7 +10618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10624,12 +10627,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10641,7 +10644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10651,7 +10654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10667,12 +10670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10684,7 +10687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10693,7 +10696,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10704,7 +10707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10715,7 +10718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10726,7 +10729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10740,7 +10743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10749,7 +10752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10760,7 +10763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10772,7 +10775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10783,7 +10786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10792,7 +10795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10803,7 +10806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10816,7 +10819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10827,7 +10830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10837,12 +10840,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10852,7 +10855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10864,7 +10867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10875,7 +10878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10888,7 +10891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10900,7 +10903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10910,7 +10913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10923,7 +10926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10932,7 +10935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10942,7 +10945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10958,42 +10961,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -11003,7 +11006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -11012,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11023,7 +11026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -11035,7 +11038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11044,7 +11047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11056,7 +11059,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -11068,7 +11071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -11081,7 +11084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11092,7 +11095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11103,7 +11106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11113,7 +11116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -11122,7 +11125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11135,7 +11138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11147,7 +11150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11163,7 +11166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11175,7 +11178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11185,7 +11188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11199,7 +11202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11212,7 +11215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11224,7 +11227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11239,12 +11242,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11252,29 +11255,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11283,7 +11286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11298,7 +11301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11319,7 +11322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11333,7 +11336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11341,7 +11344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11358,7 +11361,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -11369,7 +11372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11380,7 +11383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11396,7 +11399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11413,7 +11416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11433,7 +11436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -11448,7 +11451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11461,7 +11464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -11473,7 +11476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11488,7 +11491,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11499,7 +11502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11510,12 +11513,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11523,24 +11526,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11551,7 +11554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11563,7 +11566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11575,7 +11578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11585,7 +11588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11595,12 +11598,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11613,7 +11616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11634,7 +11637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11649,7 +11652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11659,12 +11662,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11677,7 +11680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11689,7 +11692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11702,7 +11705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11712,7 +11715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11721,7 +11724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11731,7 +11734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11744,7 +11747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11755,7 +11758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11769,7 +11772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11787,7 +11790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11800,46 +11803,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11849,7 +11852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11857,7 +11860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11873,7 +11876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11882,7 +11885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11893,7 +11896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11907,7 +11910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11930,7 +11933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11947,7 +11950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11961,14 +11964,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11988,7 +11991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -12000,7 +12003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -12012,7 +12015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12024,7 +12027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12033,7 +12036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12042,7 +12045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -12051,47 +12054,47 @@ msgid "" "public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12099,16 +12102,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12116,15 +12119,15 @@ msgid "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12135,57 +12138,57 @@ msgid "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12195,30 +12198,30 @@ msgid "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -12226,8 +12229,8 @@ msgid "" ">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12235,23 +12238,23 @@ msgid "" "Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -12259,159 +12262,159 @@ msgid "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12419,15 +12422,15 @@ msgid "" "proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12436,8 +12439,8 @@ msgid "" "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12445,8 +12448,8 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -12454,113 +12457,113 @@ msgid "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12569,36 +12572,36 @@ msgid "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" "NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12607,16 +12610,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12625,8 +12628,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12634,8 +12637,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12683,8 +12686,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/el/mwcc.po b/po/el/mwcc.po index 7e5d436..e6170b0 100644 --- a/po/el/mwcc.po +++ b/po/el/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-13 11:14-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-06-11 12:22+0000\n" "Last-Translator: THANOS SIOURDAKIS <siourdakisthanos@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: Greek <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ msgid "en" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Φτιαγμένο με Creative Commons" @@ -64,7 +65,8 @@ msgid "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -88,8 +90,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44 msgid "" -"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA), version 4.0." +"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" +"SA), version 4.0." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> @@ -101,7 +103,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 -msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +msgid "" +"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> @@ -131,9 +134,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66 msgid "" -"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink " -"url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations " -"are maintained on <ulink " +"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink " "url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any " "error in the book, please let us know via Gitlab or Weblate." msgstr "" @@ -175,8 +177,7 @@ msgid "" "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives." +"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution> @@ -197,8 +198,8 @@ msgid "" "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red " -"herring.</quote>" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -207,8 +208,8 @@ msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " "<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " -"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " -"profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -274,9 +275,8 @@ msgid "" "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " "sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our " -"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, " -"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating " -"more." +"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-" +"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " -"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC " -"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " +"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-" +"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " "itself, an example of an open business model." msgstr "" @@ -375,9 +375,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:253 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of " -"Cyberspace</quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a " -"place. People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " "experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " "experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " "game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " @@ -440,10 +440,9 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " -"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral " -"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and " -"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the " -"literature." +"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—" +"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote " +"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -467,10 +466,10 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:322 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something " -"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and " -"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with " -"Creative Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -500,19 +499,18 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " -"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main " -"parts." +"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:354 msgid "" -"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by " -"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, " -"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared " -"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking " -"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing " -"and enlarging the digital commons." +"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " +"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " +"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the " +"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market " +"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -524,8 +522,7 @@ msgid "" "of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section " "outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed " "bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their " -"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they " -"share." +"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -585,7 +582,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:417 -msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -596,8 +594,8 @@ msgid "" "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " -"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " -"calligraphy.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -630,8 +628,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " -"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " +"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " "profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons " "involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a " "collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -655,8 +653,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " -"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms " -"today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> @@ -670,18 +668,19 @@ msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " "state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate " -"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or " -"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part " -"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All " -"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the " -"market or state." +"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the " +"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate " +"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or " +"state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -718,7 +717,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" @@ -728,7 +728,12 @@ msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -765,9 +770,9 @@ msgid "" "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the " "biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and " -"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and " -"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the " -"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter." +"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. " +"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " +"the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -777,11 +782,13 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" @@ -799,9 +806,9 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:569 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " -"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " -"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or " -"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential." +"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" +"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, " +"which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> @@ -834,9 +841,8 @@ msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " -"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially " -"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and " -"abundant." +"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " +"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> @@ -855,21 +861,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state " -"citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common " -"wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -877,7 +883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -888,7 +894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -899,14 +905,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -923,22 +929,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -946,7 +953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -956,7 +963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -964,28 +971,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " "defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against " "the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not " -"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and " -"sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -994,16 +1001,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " -"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl " -"H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1014,7 +1021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1025,7 +1032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1036,7 +1043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1045,12 +1052,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1061,17 +1068,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " -"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " -"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of " -"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " +"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " +"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the " +"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " "history." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1079,7 +1086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1087,27 +1094,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1115,64 +1123,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " "commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " "<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " -"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " -"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " -"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources " -"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies " -"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money " -"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws " -"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and " -"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a " -"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how " -"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed." +"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " +"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " +"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " +"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " +"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " -"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in " -"1968. Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal " -"gain and will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are " -"reached. The commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can " -"no longer support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an " -"economic truism and a justification for private property and free markets." +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1180,7 +1190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1200,11 +1210,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " -"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " -"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " +"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" +"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " "found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and " "encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help " "people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, " @@ -1213,28 +1223,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " "known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an " -"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and " -"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a " -"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make " -"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual " -"market norms and rules to be applied." +"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. " +"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for " +"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources " +"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and " +"rules to be applied." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1243,22 +1253,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1266,12 +1277,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1279,12 +1290,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1292,28 +1303,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" -"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to " -"others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1330,16 +1341,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " -"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1352,7 +1363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1360,14 +1371,14 @@ msgid "" "participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, " "books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily " "created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for " -"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright " -"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by " -"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " +"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. " +"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law " +"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1375,7 +1386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1385,12 +1396,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1401,20 +1412,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " -"30, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>." +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " -"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " -"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and " -"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " +"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " +"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are " +"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " "permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly " "understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer " "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " @@ -1426,7 +1437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1436,14 +1447,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1455,21 +1466,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " -"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative " -"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant " -"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange " -"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " +"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " +"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits " +"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a " +"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " "software movement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1479,15 +1490,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " -"September 24, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1501,22 +1512,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1532,15 +1543,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " -"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink " -"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1550,25 +1561,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " "for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" -"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink " -"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." +"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" +">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" +"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1581,14 +1593,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1597,8 +1609,8 @@ msgid "" "market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business " "seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons " "or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about " -"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our " -"lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " +"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " "interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the " "sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the " "sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The " @@ -1608,7 +1620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1616,21 +1628,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an " -"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly " -"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital " -"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything " -"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1645,7 +1657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1653,19 +1665,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " "abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of " -"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are " -"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models " -"and practice." +"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each " +"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and " +"practice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1674,7 +1686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1682,15 +1694,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " -"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), " -"8–9." +"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1705,44 +1716,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" +"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " -"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model " -"is. Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving " -"470 coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for " -"talking about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." +"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" +"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " -"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. " -"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1750,38 +1761,38 @@ msgid "" "own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " "business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " "market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " -"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits " -"in.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas " -"proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their " -"economic model." +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the " -"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a " -"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources " -"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or " -"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with " -"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been " -"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a " -"predefined model." +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " +"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " +"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " +"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " -"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1789,19 +1800,19 @@ msgid "" "but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " "services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " "to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " -"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised " -"ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying " -"revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1810,7 +1821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1820,21 +1831,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " -"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " -"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front " -"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no " -"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM " -"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to " -"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way " -"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and " -"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." +"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " +"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " +"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " +"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " +"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " +"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1848,15 +1859,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " -"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), " -"31–44." +"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" +"44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1864,21 +1875,21 @@ msgid "" "original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " "deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate " "them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely " -"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an " -"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new " -"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the " -"resources and the relationship with the community." +"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization " +"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb " +"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and " +"the relationship with the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" -"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is " -"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go " -"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no " -"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are " -"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " +"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " +"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " +"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders " +"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often " +"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " "distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being " "globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The " "digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and " @@ -1886,7 +1897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1901,7 +1912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1917,7 +1928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1926,12 +1937,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1944,7 +1955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1954,7 +1965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1966,7 +1977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1976,7 +1987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1985,7 +1996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1993,14 +2004,14 @@ msgid "" "we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set " "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " -"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are " -"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop " -"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be " -"transparent. Defend the commons." +"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2011,7 +2022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2022,17 +2033,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2045,12 +2056,11 @@ msgid "" "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " "endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a " -"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of " -"it." +"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2062,7 +2072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2070,19 +2080,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " "were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want " -"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could " -"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to " -"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business " -"lens." +"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. " +"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book " +"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2090,20 +2099,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " -"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value " -"always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we " -"heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in " -"our interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it " -"to mean.</quote>" +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2112,7 +2121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2124,7 +2133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2137,7 +2146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2147,7 +2156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2162,7 +2171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2176,7 +2185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2186,20 +2195,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " -"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " "dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " "is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " "and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " @@ -2208,7 +2217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2220,7 +2229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2232,7 +2241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2240,7 +2249,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2253,12 +2262,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2273,7 +2282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2281,26 +2290,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " -"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute " -"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been " -"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical " -"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there " -"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, " -"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like " -"touring or custom training." +"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical " +"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. " +"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, " +"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole " +"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even " +"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring " +"or custom training." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2310,15 +2319,15 @@ msgid "" "never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " "your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " "associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " "themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " "lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2333,7 +2342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2343,7 +2352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2351,90 +2360,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " "<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " -"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at " -"all.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic " -"to finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " -"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian " -"value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by " -"shelf space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " "imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " "consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " "about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer " -"limited to what appeals to the masses." +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " "actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " "grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " "competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " -"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as " -"well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " "greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " -"consuming amateur content instead of professional " -"content.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, " -"you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, " -"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, " -"you have to get noticed by the right people." +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2451,21 +2460,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " -"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic " -"success.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2478,23 +2487,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " "with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " -"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2505,7 +2514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2522,34 +2531,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " -"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " -"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to " -"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, " -"<quote>Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" +"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " +"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " -"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in " -"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of " -"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " +"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the " +"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " "hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits " "of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of " "hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and " @@ -2558,19 +2567,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2584,30 +2593,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " -"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " -"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " +"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" +"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " "proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to " "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " "Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " "are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " "saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " -"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " "products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " "making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " "cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " @@ -2615,77 +2624,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " -"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " -"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following " -"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in " -"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a " -"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " +"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " +"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd " +"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial " +"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" -"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " -"124. Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is " -"how rarely they are invoked.</quote>" +"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " -"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " -"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public " -"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities " -"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, " -"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most " -"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the " -"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, " -"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part " -"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally " -"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something " -"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as " -"providing credit." +"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " +"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does " +"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give " +"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social " +"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " +"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " +"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " +"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the " +"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow " +"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward " +"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " "a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based " "on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge " -"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of " -"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around " -"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " +"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-" +"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the " +"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " "license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the " "most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having " "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2700,23 +2707,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" -"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " -"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " -"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing " -"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a " -"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted " -"information source is more valuable than ever." +"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " +"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " +"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a " +"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online " +"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source " +"is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2727,12 +2734,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2741,15 +2748,15 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the " -"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), " -"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version " -"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free " -"can be a form of promotion." +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " +"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " +"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be " +"a form of promotion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2766,12 +2773,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2780,48 +2787,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " -"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game " -"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the " -"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its " -"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." +"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing " +"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to " +"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. " +"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2829,44 +2836,43 @@ msgid "" "they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " -"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products " -"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we " -"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type " -"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " +"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " +"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " +"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " "created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " -"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " -"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " -"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your " -"presence matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your " -"response is part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied " -"to your work." +"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" +"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2876,62 +2882,62 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can " "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " -"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers " -"cannot. <quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent " -"rules,</quote> David said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" +"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009, <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " -"have to generate some type of value for their audience or " -"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not " -"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic " -"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the " -"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional " -"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in " -"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with " -"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the " -"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market " -"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of " -"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient " -"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." +"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " +"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually " +"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, " +"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out " +"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding " +"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the " +"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are " +"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for " +"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other " +"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " +"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " +"sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " "for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " -"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2942,41 +2948,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content " "you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the " "ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a " -"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you " -"provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2994,12 +3000,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3008,12 +3014,12 @@ msgid "" "creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " "other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " "Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " -"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3024,7 +3030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3033,94 +3039,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" -"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work " -"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" +"BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " "are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be " -"anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by " -"Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> " -"Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " -"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital " -"version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book " -"publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading " -"something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content " -"isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those " -"situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience " -"of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some " -"endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative " -"Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else " -"can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This " -"strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for " -"items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be " -"the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service " -"from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, " -"the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the " -"same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business " -"principles." +"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version " +"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing " +"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can " +"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it " +"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a " +"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having " +"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors " +"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons " +"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can " +"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy " +"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like " +"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same " +"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from " +"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the " +"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same " +"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " "digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face " -"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the " -"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " +"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-" +"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3129,12 +3133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3143,80 +3147,80 @@ msgid "" "businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the " "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " -"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided " -"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience " -"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services " -"you can provide as well." +"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the " +"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can " +"provide as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " "reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their " "audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made " "this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available " -"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream " -"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative " -"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser " -"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the " -"overall endeavor." +"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " +"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " +"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " +"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " +"endeavor." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " -"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by " -"others. The most well-known version of this model is the " -"<quote>author-processing charge</quote> of open-access journals like those " -"published by the Public Library of Science, but there are other " -"variations. The Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership " -"model, where universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers " -"of the content on the Conversation website." +"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun " -"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a " -"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " +"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-" +"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " "transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service " "providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money " "every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one " @@ -3224,12 +3228,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 -msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 +msgid "" +"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3240,12 +3245,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3258,12 +3263,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3272,7 +3277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3286,7 +3291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3296,17 +3301,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3316,14 +3321,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" -"Memberships and individual donations " -"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3338,65 +3342,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " -"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open " -"content. Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> " -"something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial " -"contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact " -"that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the " -"marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to get it for " -"free." +"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " "with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply " "wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this " -"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the " -"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of " -"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building " -"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art " -"of Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, " -"ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection " -"is sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks " -"for something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience " -"says, without hesitation: of course.</quote>" +"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. " +"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " +"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " +"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " +"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " -"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " -"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " +"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." +"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " "definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets " "tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and " "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3413,7 +3416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3424,7 +3427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3432,7 +3435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3440,20 +3443,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " "more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into " "what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I " -"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative " -"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright " -"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of " -"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens." +"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. " +"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in " +"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes " +"with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3468,7 +3471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3477,19 +3480,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3500,14 +3503,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3523,54 +3526,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " "Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " -"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing " -"them.</quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like " -"Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is " -"just avoiding pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an " -"image. People don’t just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate " -"to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " -"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In " -"business-speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> " -"with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a " -"gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3584,90 +3587,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " -"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " -"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of " -"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving " -"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity " -"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people " -"involved and invested in what you do." +"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and " +"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and " +"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to " +"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting " +"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when " +"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that " +"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and " +"invested in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " -"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " -"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " -"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative " -"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social " -"motivations, motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> " -"in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is " -"best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is " -"based on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There " -"will always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors " -"that are Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." +"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. " +"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " +"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" -"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " -"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems " -"that assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give " -"them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together " -"better than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often " -"motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our " -"endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3676,41 +3679,41 @@ msgid "" "to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " "any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " "and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " -"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to " -"do.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" -"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " -"fans. As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan " -"first.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen " -"to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " -"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " -"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " -"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " -"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she " -"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3718,39 +3721,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" -"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " -"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " -"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " +"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " +"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " +"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " "customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms " "that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an " "exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay " "back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve " -"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or " -"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least " -"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it " -"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. " +"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a " +"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can " +"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3763,7 +3765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3776,57 +3778,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " -"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own " -"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts " -"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust." +"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, " +"motivates contributors, and builds trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " -"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or " -"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, " -"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some " -"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who " -"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." +"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being " +"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3838,90 +3840,90 @@ msgid "" "like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " "CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " "passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " -"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " "difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " "in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " "group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " -"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona " -"fides.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true " -"community requires giving people within the community the power to create or " -"influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people " -"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " "Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " "about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " -"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most " -"sharing-economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " "primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " -"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>." +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3930,14 +3932,14 @@ msgid "" "about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " "social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by " "incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with " -"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited " -"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to " -"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " +"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its " +"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " "actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3949,48 +3951,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " -"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of " -"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration " -"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people " -"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " +"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, " +"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the " +"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " "creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate " "best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly " "for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3998,28 +4001,28 @@ msgid "" "own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small " "contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, " "and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t " -"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " -"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of " -"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part " -"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " "<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " @@ -4034,19 +4037,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4057,19 +4060,19 @@ msgid "" "it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " "(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " "mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " -"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4078,62 +4081,68 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to " "invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration " "is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your " -"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " -"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the " -"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that " -"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only " -"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial " -"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with " -"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator " -"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of " -"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." +"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " +"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set " +"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic " +"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " +"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for " +"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses " +"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators " +"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " -"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses " -"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed " -"materials." +"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. " +"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4144,12 +4153,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4157,12 +4166,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4171,12 +4180,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4184,12 +4193,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4198,7 +4207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4206,74 +4215,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with " -"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the " -"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both " -"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the " -"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they " -"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing." +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " +"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " +"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " +"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code " +"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their " +"involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " "endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " -"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC " -"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you " -"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film " -"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length " -"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." +"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" +"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " +"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company " +"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or " +"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " "NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant " -"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to " -"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you " -"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs " -"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative " -"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial " -"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the " -"dream of having a major record label discover their work." +"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " +"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " +"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. " +"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " +"a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4282,7 +4291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4296,26 +4305,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " -"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4327,7 +4336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4337,24 +4346,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4362,24 +4371,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4395,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4406,7 +4429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4417,19 +4440,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" -"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " -"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " -"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would " -"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about " -"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source " -"product lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to " -"trust a product.</quote>" +"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " +"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " +"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " +"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " +"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4440,7 +4463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4451,7 +4474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4466,7 +4489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4482,7 +4505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4493,17 +4516,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " -"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " -"apply. David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things " -"in an open-source way can only help you.</quote>" +"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4517,7 +4540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4530,12 +4553,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4544,19 +4567,19 @@ msgid "" "creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " "full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller " "form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a " -"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " -"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " -"matter—in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, " -"the Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " "started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " "the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " "meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " @@ -4564,7 +4587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4578,19 +4601,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " -"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their " -"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " -"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial " -"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s " -"revenue-generating model." +"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " +"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " +"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " +"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" +"generating model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4601,29 +4624,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " "needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up " "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " -"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is " -"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open " -"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled " -"<quote>Send In the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, " -"does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking " -"their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and those " -"that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " +"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4633,18 +4656,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " "democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " "strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " -"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should " -"learn.</quote>" +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4652,12 +4675,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4665,36 +4688,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4703,25 +4735,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " -"to develop research and online education about rural-development " -"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both " -"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for " -"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology " -"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " +"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " +"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were " +"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts " +"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and " +"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " "Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people " "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4736,20 +4768,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " "it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " -"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and " -"clients. <quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to " -"his or her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell " -"access to their content, they provide it for free and charge for the " -"personalized services." +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4760,7 +4792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4770,17 +4802,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" -"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific " -"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project " -"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in " -"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, " -"every new resource they create opens new doors." +"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " +"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " +"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " +"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new " +"resource they create opens new doors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4790,14 +4822,14 @@ msgid "" "to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " "and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " "online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " -"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in " -"us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face " -"contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4807,20 +4839,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" -"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " -"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " -"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " -"inspiration. <quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " -"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another " -"simple piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the " -"future, like a course or a book.</quote>" +"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" +"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " +"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4832,17 +4864,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes " -"more. <quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important " -"to pay attention to people and process, rather than content or specific " -"formats or materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content " -"are fluid. The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4850,22 +4882,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " -"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural " -"sector.</quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture " -"(the movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) " -"and work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other " -"social-justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and " -"enable artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all " -"tied closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is " -"a mission to democratize art and culture." +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4876,17 +4908,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" -"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is " -"very specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal " -"at every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " "personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4896,43 +4928,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4945,7 +4977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4957,7 +4989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4966,7 +4998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4979,7 +5011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4993,18 +5025,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and " -"improvements. <quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> " -"Francesco said. <quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the " -"dark for ten years.</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and " -"steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5016,19 +5048,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " "succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " -"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to " -"people,</quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to " -"believe it.</quote></quote>" +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5038,22 +5070,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " -"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " -"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " -"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " -"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it " -"needs to help on projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for " -"film projects because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco " -"said. <quote>So many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire " -"them because of budget constraints.</quote>" +"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. " +"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " +"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " +"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5065,7 +5097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5076,7 +5108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5093,7 +5125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5102,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5113,16 +5145,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " -"the software and the content produced with the software free and " -"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model." +"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. " +"Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5134,67 +5166,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a " -"product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we " -"make,</quote> Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " -"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " -"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit " -"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards " -"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " -"kind of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " "Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5204,7 +5236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5213,7 +5245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5223,7 +5255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5231,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5246,25 +5278,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" -"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " -"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " -"make it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he " -"said." +"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" -"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing " -"genius. Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent " -"and memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " "website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5280,7 +5311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5288,7 +5319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5297,18 +5328,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " -"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the " -"joke.</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, " -"where people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans " -"wanted to make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 " -"in a single day." +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5316,14 +5347,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that " -"line. <quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max " -"said. <quote>If that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred " -"times over because there are so many benefits.</quote>" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5333,7 +5364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5342,7 +5373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5357,7 +5388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5365,12 +5396,12 @@ msgid "" "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " "for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " "said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " -"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and " -"quibbling.</quote>" +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5383,17 +5414,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " "the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " -"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " -"games,</quote> he said." +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5404,7 +5435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5414,34 +5445,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" -"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC " -"licensing,</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of " -"money, then CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, " -"speaks to your values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " -"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " -"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia." +"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " +"Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5449,24 +5480,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " "Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the " -"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce " -"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism " -"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative " -"model." +"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. " +"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t " +"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5476,29 +5507,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " "astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These " "were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the " -"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in " -"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, " -"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what " -"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was " -"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass " -"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and " -"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of " -"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a " -"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower " -"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, " -"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an " -"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to " -"the wider public." +"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. " +"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists " +"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a " +"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or " +"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want " +"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect " +"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, " +"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—" +"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal " +"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but " +"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good " +"at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5507,13 +5537,13 @@ msgid "" "captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is " "academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " -"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is " -"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes " -"and writing whatever they want." +"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " +"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " +"whatever they want." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5527,25 +5557,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " -"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " -"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better " -"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better " -"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of " -"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is " -"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based " -"information." +"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " +"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of " +"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public " +"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information " +"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide " +"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5562,21 +5591,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " "others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the " "content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites " "have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 " -"million unique views per month, but through republication they have " -"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the " -"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central " -"to everything the Conversation does." +"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-" +"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative " +"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to " +"everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5586,7 +5615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5597,7 +5626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5609,7 +5638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5620,17 +5649,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and " -"funders.</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding " -"members,</quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5642,7 +5671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5652,7 +5681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5660,7 +5689,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5670,38 +5699,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" +"\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5712,7 +5741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5720,7 +5749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5728,12 +5757,11 @@ msgid "" "coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about " "technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several " "nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be " -"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet " -"age." +"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5741,7 +5769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5759,7 +5787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5768,14 +5796,14 @@ msgid "" "lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " "might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " "wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " -"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter " -"what. <quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before " -"I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself " -"sane.</quote>" +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5787,7 +5815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5799,7 +5827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5809,12 +5837,12 @@ msgid "" "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " "career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " "hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " -"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to " -"spread.</quote>" +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5824,7 +5852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5834,7 +5862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5842,16 +5870,16 @@ msgid "" "they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " "highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " "corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " -"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his " -"audience. <quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you " -"success,</quote> he said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.</quote>" +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5867,7 +5895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5883,20 +5911,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " -"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " -"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a " -"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of " -"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He " -"calls it Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something " -"that belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for " -"your benefit.</quote>" +"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5909,7 +5937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5922,20 +5950,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " "does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " -"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to " -"support ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. " -"Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to " -"stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5945,17 +5973,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5963,42 +5991,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " -"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and " -"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " +"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" +"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " "file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6006,7 +6034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6017,7 +6045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6026,7 +6054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6034,7 +6062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6045,26 +6073,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" -"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " -"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " -"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s " -"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets " -"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." +"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" +"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " +"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with " +"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY " +"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " -"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " -"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the " -"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too." +"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " +"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " +"opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6074,7 +6102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6083,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6096,7 +6124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6108,23 +6136,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" -"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " -"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " -"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the " -"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having " -"to develop this functionality as part of their own " -"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the " -"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to " -"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides " -"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including " -"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has " -"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data." +"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " +"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " +"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. " +"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " +"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " +"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and " +"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide " +"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and " +"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons " +"licenses for the data." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6136,7 +6164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6148,7 +6176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6157,12 +6185,12 @@ msgid "" "research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to " "be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions " "want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses " -"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " -"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." +"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-" +"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6174,7 +6202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6185,67 +6213,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" +"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" +"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " -"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " -"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the " -"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United " -"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app " -"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a " -"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of " -"the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " +"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " +"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " +"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s " +"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely " +"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting " +"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " "Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an " -"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and " -"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " +"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-" +"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " "presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what " "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " -"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " +"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " "subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s " -"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career " -"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that " -"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. " +"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is " +"now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6255,28 +6283,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " "researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping " -"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the " -"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark " -"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If " -"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a " -"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key " -"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting " -"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new " -"discoveries." +"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—" +"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees " +"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was " +"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. " +"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. " +"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " +"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6284,57 +6311,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" +"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " -"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of " -"valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most " -"people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about " -"being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone " -"wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to " -"their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " +"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable " +"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people " +"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being " +"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to " +"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their " +"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " "there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of " "information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within " -"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage " -"with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific " -"question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and " -"manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the " -"data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to " -"all, with a specific focus on New Zealand." +"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. " +"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question " +"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate " +"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. " +"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a " +"specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6347,7 +6375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6362,7 +6390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6380,14 +6408,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" +"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6405,7 +6433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6420,7 +6448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6440,7 +6468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6449,7 +6477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6466,7 +6494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6481,12 +6509,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6496,12 +6524,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6510,7 +6538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6519,7 +6547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6533,7 +6561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6545,7 +6573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6554,14 +6582,13 @@ msgid "" "through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can " "you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond " "quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would " -"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on " -"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for " -"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are " -"interested in." +"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure." +"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be " +"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6572,7 +6599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6580,7 +6607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6588,7 +6615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6601,7 +6628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6610,19 +6637,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the " -"future.</quote>" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6632,42 +6659,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " -"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access " -"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK." +"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " +"Founded in 2012 in the UK." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6684,7 +6712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6693,7 +6721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6702,58 +6730,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " "the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by " -"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license " -"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest " -"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be " -"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no " -"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to " -"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print " -"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances " -"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts " -"as a marketing vehicle for the print format." +"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-" +"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " +"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " +"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. " +"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these " +"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing " +"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing " +"vehicle for the print format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream " -"model</quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an " -"ice cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " "ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the " "first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed " -"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and " -"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." +"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-" +"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a " -"<quote>book-processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world " -"with an open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons " -"license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6766,35 +6793,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6803,7 +6830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6811,21 +6838,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " -"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6837,14 +6864,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" +"availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6858,7 +6885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6871,7 +6898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6887,7 +6914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6895,7 +6922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6907,7 +6934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6915,7 +6942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6923,24 +6950,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 " -"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in " -"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three " -"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the " -"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second " -"round, it took one month to get twenty-six." +"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " +"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " +"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " +"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " +"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it " +"took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6948,12 +6976,12 @@ msgid "" "increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many " "more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, " "you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing " -"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6965,7 +6993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6975,7 +7003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6989,27 +7017,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" -"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " -"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " -"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service " -"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans " -"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs " -"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, " -"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and " -"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books." +"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " +"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " +"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " +"unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7022,72 +7050,72 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " -"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " -"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " -"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " -"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called " -"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across " -"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to " -"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to " -"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the " -"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and " -"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with " -"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than " -"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It " -"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had " -"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill " -"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " +"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " +"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " +"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " +"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved " +"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges " +"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce " +"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students " +"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required " +"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-" +"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. " +"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five " +"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career " +"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-" +"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and " +"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " "work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create " "Lumen Learning." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7099,7 +7127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7110,7 +7138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7120,49 +7148,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " "patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and " "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " -"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf " -"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good " -"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving " -"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they " -"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in " -"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and " -"universities—" +"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " +"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " +"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " +"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7172,7 +7199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7182,17 +7209,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " "and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who " -"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled " -"student." +"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7203,7 +7229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7215,13 +7241,13 @@ msgid "" "those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not " "put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in " "technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights " -"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a " -"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has " -"generated immense goodwill in the community." +"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-" +"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense " +"goodwill in the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7234,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7247,7 +7273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7257,20 +7283,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " -"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the " -"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students " -"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the " -"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up " -"at the end of each page." +"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the " +"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a " +"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and " +"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of " +"each page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7280,22 +7306,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " "system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " -"the Virginia community college system, which is building out " -"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar " -"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its " -"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on " -"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number " -"of students." +"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level " +"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are " +"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they " +"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7307,7 +7332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7319,7 +7344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7330,7 +7355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7343,7 +7368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7354,7 +7379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7363,21 +7388,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " -"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " -"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up " -"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, " -"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted " -"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 " -"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with " -"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding " -"with revenue." +"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" +"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the " +"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment " +"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant " +"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. " +"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7389,26 +7413,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" +"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7416,26 +7440,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as " -"<quote>hustling</quote>—seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make " -"money. The bulk of his income comes from writing songs under commission for " -"people and companies, but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has " -"supporters on the crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue " -"from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid " -"speaking engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by " -"major conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " "conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7448,7 +7472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7457,7 +7481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7469,14 +7493,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " -"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that " -"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " +"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " +"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " "least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are " "extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend " "announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan " @@ -7486,7 +7510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7497,7 +7521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7508,18 +7532,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " "discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " -"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make " -"sense. It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to " -"be able to be shared.</quote>" +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7531,17 +7555,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " "build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " -"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of " -"that,</quote> Jonathan said." +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7553,21 +7577,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" -"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " -"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " -"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " +"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " +"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " +"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " "music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " -"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple " -"song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long " -"technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and " -"rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " "understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7584,7 +7608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7593,32 +7617,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural " -"style. <quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who " -"want something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do " -"very easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " "writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " "style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " -"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " -"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely " -"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can " -"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is " -"a living embodiment of these principles." +"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " +"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " +"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " +"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7628,7 +7652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7638,7 +7662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7646,12 +7670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7659,29 +7683,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7689,7 +7714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7700,7 +7725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7710,7 +7735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7720,48 +7745,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" +"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " "launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter " "was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought " -"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their " -"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over " -"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much " -"bigger." +"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. " +"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. " +"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard " -"drives. It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " -"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " -"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its " -"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback " -"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the " -"relationship they have with their global community of designers." +"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" +"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. " +"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they " +"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they " +"have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7770,7 +7794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7785,7 +7809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7798,7 +7822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7808,7 +7832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7817,14 +7841,14 @@ msgid "" "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " -"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly " -"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says " -"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good " -"for the platform." +"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " +"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " +"the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7839,15 +7863,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " -"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7860,12 +7884,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7874,7 +7900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7883,7 +7909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7898,7 +7924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7908,7 +7934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7917,7 +7943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7928,16 +7954,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " -"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and " -"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." +"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. " +"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -7949,7 +7975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7958,7 +7984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -7970,7 +7996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7982,12 +8008,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7995,34 +8021,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" -"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " -"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " +"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" +"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " @@ -8031,21 +8057,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" -"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " -"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " -"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local " -"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and " -"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data " -"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can " -"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target " -"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better " -"understanding what is happening around them." +"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " +"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " +"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing " +"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but " +"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a " +"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help " +"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It " +"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is " +"happening around them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8055,50 +8081,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." +"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" -"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " "this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " "open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " -"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open " -"data.</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for " -"revenue." +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8108,7 +8133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8118,7 +8143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8128,34 +8153,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " -"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to " -"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount " -"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an " -"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into " -"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, " -"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " +"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " +"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " +"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" +"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " +"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and " +"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " "are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8170,18 +8195,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" -"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " -"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " -"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of " -"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills " -"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The " -"training tends to generate high interest and commitment." +"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " +"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " +"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data " +"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by " +"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training " +"tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8191,7 +8216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8202,12 +8227,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 -msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 +msgid "" +"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8215,7 +8241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8225,7 +8251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8234,40 +8260,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" -"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " -"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " -"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s " -"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic " -"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international " -"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI " -"<quote>nodes.</quote>" +"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " +"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " +"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " +"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " +"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " "of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " -"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the " -"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI " -"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the " -"brand." +"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " +"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " +"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink " -"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" +"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8275,34 +8299,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" -"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community " -"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and " -"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and " -"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders " -"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time " -"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." +"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " +"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " +"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " +"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For " +"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to " +"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " "of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a " "globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, " -"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8311,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8320,26 +8344,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is " -"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " -"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " -"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that " -"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not " -"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have " -"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " +"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. " +"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " +"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " +"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " -"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they " -"offer. According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that " -"it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" +"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8347,7 +8371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8356,46 +8380,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8403,31 +8427,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8436,26 +8461,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring " "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " -"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical " -"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also " -"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but " -"not the goods.</quote> They created the design using software, put it under " -"an open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was " -"the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open " -"project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions " -"around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, " -"with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit " -"company." +"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " +"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " +"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " +"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8464,20 +8488,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " -"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing " -"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of " -"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital " -"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still " -"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the " -"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons." +"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. " +"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design " +"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing " +"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold " +"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel " +"and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8487,7 +8511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8495,7 +8519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8505,22 +8529,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " "and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " -"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8529,25 +8552,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " "network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " -"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a " -"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that " -"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the " -"design file." +"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" +"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " +"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8555,12 +8577,12 @@ msgid "" "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " "how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " -"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8568,14 +8590,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8583,14 +8605,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8598,23 +8620,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " -"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " -"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own " -"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" +"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" +"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this " +"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8623,24 +8645,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" -"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8653,34 +8675,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8688,7 +8710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8698,7 +8720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8709,17 +8731,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open " -"making</quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers " -"get profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " -"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to " -"mass-production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8729,12 +8751,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8746,7 +8768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8756,29 +8778,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8786,28 +8808,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8815,12 +8837,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off " -"<quote>open,</quote> not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8830,67 +8852,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " -"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in " -"people." +"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " -"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " -"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S." +"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " +"Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, " -"editor-in-chief" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" +"chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " -"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " -"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " "Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " -"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " -"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s " -"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with " -"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8903,7 +8924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8917,27 +8938,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" +"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " "free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the " "nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " "proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they " -"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales " -"rapidly. All with no sales force!" +"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All " +"with no sales force!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8948,7 +8969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8958,7 +8979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8967,22 +8988,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " "calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps " -"a running list of institutions that have adopted their " -"textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8991,20 +9012,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " -"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " -"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora " -"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and " -"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield " -"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To " -"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going " -"to require philanthropic investment." +"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " +"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, " +"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. " +"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and " +"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic " +"investment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9016,33 +9037,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " -"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to " -"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the " -"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has " -"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to " -"Sociology 2e, using these funds." +"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " +"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " +"using these funds." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" -"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " -"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " -"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting " -"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no " -"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still " -"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving " -"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax " -"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their " -"materials." +"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " +"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " +"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can " +"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students " +"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but " +"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; " +"partners are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9052,7 +9072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9064,12 +9084,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " -"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the " -"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " +"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " +"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " "traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes " "students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to " "buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the " @@ -9079,7 +9099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9090,7 +9110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9104,7 +9124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9123,31 +9143,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " -"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " -"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author " -"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is " -"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of " -"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them " -"and they earn all the money up front." +"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" +"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might " +"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only " +"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all " +"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and " +"they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " "their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " "frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " -"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their " -"materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control " -"and academic freedom." +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9159,35 +9179,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" -"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive " -"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press " -"kit:" +"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " +"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9196,7 +9215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9205,7 +9224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9215,7 +9234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9228,22 +9247,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9252,49 +9271,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" +"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" +"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " -"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot " -". . . in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the " -"reverberations of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living " -"doing that.</quote>" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " "digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " -"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda " -"said. <quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering " -"how to make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9310,7 +9329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9323,7 +9342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9337,7 +9356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9351,7 +9370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9359,18 +9378,18 @@ msgid "" "before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used " "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " -"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a " -"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign " -"that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to " -"someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette " -"ad,</quote> Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the " -"licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more formal, " -"standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The " -"NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " +"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9380,7 +9399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9392,7 +9411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9400,13 +9419,13 @@ msgid "" "featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in " "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " -"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to " -"listen. <quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto " -"itself,</quote> Amanda wrote." +"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9418,7 +9437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9429,7 +9448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9441,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9453,7 +9472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9464,7 +9483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9476,7 +9495,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9491,66 +9510,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " -"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious " -"truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more " -"fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.</quote>" +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " -"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a " -"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that " -"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her " -"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than " -"forcing people to help her, she lets them." +"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " +"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " +"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"help her, she lets them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " -"U.S." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9560,13 +9580,13 @@ msgid "" "petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael " "announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to " "do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the " -"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new " -"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released " -"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses." +"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-" +"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " +"Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9580,7 +9600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9594,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9608,7 +9628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9622,28 +9642,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to " -"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, " -"are just under $1,500." +"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-" +"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " +"$1,500." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" -"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to " -"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for " -"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the " -"article-processing charges." +"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " +"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " +"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9652,27 +9671,27 @@ msgid "" "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " "access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " -"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon " -"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on " -"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS " -"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly " -"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this " -"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication." +"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " +"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " +"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better " +"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research " +"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " +"to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" -"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " -"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " -"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " +"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " +"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " +"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " "ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9680,7 +9699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9691,7 +9710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9700,7 +9719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9711,7 +9730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9721,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9745,7 +9764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9753,7 +9772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9762,7 +9781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9776,7 +9795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9785,7 +9804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9803,7 +9822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9815,17 +9834,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9834,14 +9853,14 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level " "Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field " "itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and " -"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and " -"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the " -"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " +"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal " +"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " "experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9853,7 +9872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9865,7 +9884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9873,24 +9892,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and " -"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" +"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " +"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9898,19 +9917,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9927,7 +9946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9943,7 +9962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9954,28 +9973,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " -"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all " -"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October " -"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools " -"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was " -"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their " -"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " +"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across " +"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 " +"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people " +"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the " +"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection " +"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " "collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in " "business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more " "discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9989,7 +10008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10004,37 +10023,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " -"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " -"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define " -"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each " -"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high " -"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the " -"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their " -"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection " -"online." +"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " +"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete " +"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This " +"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from " +"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started " +"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with " +"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" -"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " -"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " -"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a " -"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more " -"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can " -"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now " -"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million " -"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of " -"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the " -"<quote>Mona Lisa effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that " -"people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." +"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " +"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On " +"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, " +"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be " +"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " +"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " +"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10045,7 +10063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10060,12 +10078,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10076,7 +10094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10089,7 +10107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10098,12 +10116,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " -"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " -"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound " -"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " +"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " +"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by " +"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " "Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they " "want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available " @@ -10111,62 +10129,62 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" +"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " -"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his " -"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the " -"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy " -"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " +"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " +"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to " +"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " "Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " "elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " "Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " -"the 2015 award: <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>" +"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" +"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the " "competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new " "creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten " -"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of " -"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class " -"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the " -"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a " -"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries " -"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third " -"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." +"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. " +"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. " +"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum " +"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color " +"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " +"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun " +"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the " +"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10174,7 +10192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10185,7 +10203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10200,7 +10218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10220,41 +10238,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 -msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 +msgid "" +"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10267,7 +10286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10276,37 +10295,36 @@ msgid "" "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " "more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " -"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the " -"<quote>Borg.</quote></quote>" +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " "around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " -"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never " -"have been able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting " -"now.</quote>" +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " "because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But " "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " -"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s " -"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing " -"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing " -"economy</quote> and continued to grow their audience." +"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " +"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10319,7 +10337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10332,39 +10350,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " -"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the " -"quality,</quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by " -"guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their " -"network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth " -"Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a " -"large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a " -"chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and " -"promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is " -"licensed with Creative Commons." +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC " -"licensing,</quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more " -"people through a formal and informal network of republishers or " -"affiliates. That has definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure " -"the reach of other media properties, but most of the outlets who republish " -"our work have much bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10376,7 +10394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10385,7 +10403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10397,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10411,19 +10429,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " -"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " -"help. The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and " -"start making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " "reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " "people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10433,14 +10451,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own " -"events. <quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk " -"and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel " -"to the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " "around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " "reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " "events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " @@ -10451,21 +10469,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " -"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people " -"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" +"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take " +"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10473,29 +10491,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10505,7 +10523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10514,7 +10532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10524,12 +10542,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10541,7 +10559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10551,7 +10569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10560,12 +10578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10577,7 +10595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10587,7 +10605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10596,19 +10614,19 @@ msgid "" "standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of " "course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " -"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a " -"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based " -"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they " -"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions." +"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" +"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " +"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " +"share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10620,7 +10638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10629,7 +10647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10640,7 +10658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10651,7 +10669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10662,7 +10680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10676,7 +10694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10685,7 +10703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10696,7 +10714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10708,7 +10726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10719,7 +10737,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10728,7 +10746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10739,10 +10757,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" -"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " -"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " +"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " +"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " "practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " @@ -10752,7 +10770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10763,7 +10781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10773,12 +10791,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10788,7 +10806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10800,7 +10818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10811,20 +10829,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " "the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to " "provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark " -"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a " -"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent " -"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy " -"negotiation, the government said no." +"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-" +"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for " +"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the " +"government said no." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10836,7 +10854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10846,7 +10864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10859,16 +10877,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " -"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " -"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per " -"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." +"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" +"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned " +"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10878,57 +10896,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " "do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the " -"resources and support they need to achieve the education they " -"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons " -"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " +"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. " +"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means " +"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " "revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In " "terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the " "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" -"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " -"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." +"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " +"Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10938,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -10947,7 +10966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10958,7 +10977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -10970,7 +10989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -10979,7 +10998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -10991,32 +11010,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " -"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and " -"support. <quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP " -"[intellectual property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the " -"stuff they should be competing on.</quote>" +"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " "there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " "something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " "find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " -"his third year of college, he registered <ulink " -"url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started reselling products out of his " -"bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own products." +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11027,7 +11046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11038,27 +11057,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " -"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " -"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to " -"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on " -"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core " -"business." +"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " +"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create " +"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing " +"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " -"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by " -"2020.</quote>" +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11071,7 +11089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11083,7 +11101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11099,7 +11117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11111,7 +11129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11121,7 +11139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11130,12 +11148,12 @@ msgid "" "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " "tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " "been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " -"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address " -"it.</quote>" +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11148,7 +11166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11160,7 +11178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11175,51 +11193,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " -"U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " -"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by " -"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational " -"materials TeachAIDS distributes." +"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " +"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials " +"TeachAIDS distributes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11234,28 +11252,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " -"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford " -"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next " -"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national " -"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention " -"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were " -"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and " -"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at " -"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous " -"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was " -"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to " -"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the " -"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, " -"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only " -"receiving bits and pieces of information." +"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. " +"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of " +"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring " +"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports " +"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the " +"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. " +"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya " +"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They " +"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and " +"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss " +"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on " +"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and " +"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and " +"pieces of information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11269,7 +11287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11277,7 +11295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11285,27 +11303,27 @@ msgid "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " "content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting " -"them,</quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It " -"was almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a " -"plug-and-play solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our " -"materials safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and " -"protecting us at the same time.</quote>" +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating " -"high-quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya " -"said. <quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11316,7 +11334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11332,7 +11350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11340,16 +11358,16 @@ msgid "" "using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate " "volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language " "and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three " -"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master " -"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate " -"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original " -"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version " -"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this " -"cycle eleven times." +"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. " +"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version " +"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. " +"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets " +"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle " +"eleven times." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11369,22 +11387,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " -"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " -"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " +"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" +"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an " -"option. <quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just " -"creating their own materials using whatever they could find for free " -"online,</quote> Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our " -"highly effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11397,19 +11415,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " "area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " -"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier " -"countries,</quote> Shuman said." +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11424,7 +11442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11435,23 +11453,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" -"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " -"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " -"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they " -"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale " -"their materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a " -"game changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." +"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" +"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " +"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " +"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11459,48 +11477,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " "online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to " -"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the " -"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of " -"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative " -"Commons." +"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " +"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " +"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " -"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold " -"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license " -"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or " -"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights " -"holder was not readily available." +"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. " +"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly " +"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in " +"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " +"readily available." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11512,7 +11529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11522,7 +11539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11532,25 +11549,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, " -"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show " -"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They " -"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) " -"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " +"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " +"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11571,7 +11588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11586,23 +11603,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " "share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the " "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " -"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their " -"website:" +"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11610,24 +11626,24 @@ msgid "" "contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee " "agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is " "shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " -"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per " -"month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " "licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " -"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC " -"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." +"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" +"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11640,17 +11656,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " -"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific " -"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " +"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " "repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11659,17 +11675,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" -"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " -"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " -"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, " -"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become " -"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." +"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " +"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " +"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create " +"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " +"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11682,33 +11698,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " "specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually " "involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member " "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " -"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that " -"need." +"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " -"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for " -"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see " -"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the " -"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a " -"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in " -"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." +"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " +"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " +"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a " +"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by " +"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " +"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11726,93 +11741,93 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " "translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise " "believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They " "can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who " -"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in " -"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for " -"music, a model that’s based on trust." +"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. " +"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " +"a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " -"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " -"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of " -"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people " -"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose." +"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " +"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the " +"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to " +"reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " -"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " -"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." +"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" +"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " "sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two " -"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it " -"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its " -"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about " -"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every " -"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, " -"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a " -"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a " -"particular organization." +"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. " +"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. " +"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five " +"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. " +"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including " +"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular " +"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular " +"organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11821,7 +11836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11832,7 +11847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11846,7 +11861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11861,15 +11876,15 @@ msgid "" "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " "is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " -"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told " -"us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the " -"community cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that " -"supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half " -"of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11886,7 +11901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11900,14 +11915,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" +"mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11915,20 +11930,19 @@ msgid "" "every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together " "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " -"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single " -"explanation. <quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible " -"diversity of motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one " -"editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single " -"grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand " -"times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia " -"users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " -"Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " -"financially,</quote> Stephen told us. <quote>They are all " -"contributors.</quote>" +"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11940,19 +11954,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " "Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United " "States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the " "reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is " -"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give " -"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." +"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. " +"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11964,7 +11978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11973,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11982,563 +11996,563 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " -"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public " -"spaces,</quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that " -"open public space.</quote>" +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed " -"under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under " +"CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" -"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " -"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-SA)." +"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" +"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" -"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " -"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." +"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " +"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " -"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " -"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop " -"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. " -"For more information, see <ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." +"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" +"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " +"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " +"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-" +"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" +"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " -"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-" +"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" -"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " -"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." +"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " +"New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009. <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " -"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." +"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " +"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " -"Strandburg. <quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in " -"Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" -"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " -"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." +"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " +"New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>" +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " -"book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." +"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" +"proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed " +"under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 -msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" -"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " -"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." +"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " +"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink " -"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " -"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" +"NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" -"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " -"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." +"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " +"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12547,16 +12561,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12565,17 +12579,17 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " -"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " -"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable " -"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you." +"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" +"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. " +"Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12623,8 +12637,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12710,33 +12724,33 @@ msgid "" "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " "Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " -"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane " -"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " -"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " -"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, " -"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique " -"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, " -"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, " -"Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C " -"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo " -"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, " -"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie " -"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli " -"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique " -"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric " -"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, " -"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan " -"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan " -"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton " -"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix " -"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe " -"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, " -"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot " -"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois " -"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, " -"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel " -"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, " -"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " +"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, " +"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk " +"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " +"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " +"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " +"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " +"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " +"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth " +"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy " +"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric " +"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric " +"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, " +"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin " +"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne " +"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix " +"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix " +"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, " +"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent " +"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, " +"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, " +"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric " +"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, " +"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary " +"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George " "Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, " "Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, " @@ -12761,126 +12775,125 @@ msgid "" "James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James " "Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, " "Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, " -"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason " -"E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy " -"Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, " -"Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff " -"De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff " -"Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen " -"Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, " -"Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, " -"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate " -"Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim " -"O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo " -"Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim " -"Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi " -"Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, " -"Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " -"Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " -"Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " -"John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, " -"John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon " -"Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, " -"Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan " -"Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg " -"Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph " -"Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP " -"Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo " -"Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, " -"Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien " -"Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin " -"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. " -"Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, " -"Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia " -"Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen " -"Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie " -"Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, " -"Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie " -"Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, " -"Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin " -"Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane " -"l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad " -"Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina " -"Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, " -"Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry " -"Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, " -"Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent " -"Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro " -"Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, " -"leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos " -"Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir " -"Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa " -"Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn " -"Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna " -"Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, " -"Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de " -"Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke " -"Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, " -"Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, " -"Maik Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy " -"Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc " -"Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de " -"Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco " -"Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, " -"Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino " -"Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, " -"Mark Cohen, Mark De Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, " -"Mark Kupfer, Mark Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark " -"Murphy, Mark Perot, Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark " -"Waks, Mark Zuccarell II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, " -"Marshal Miller, Marshall Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin " -"Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin " -"Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary " -"Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, " -"Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias " -"Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt " -"Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt " -"Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, " -"Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew " -"Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, " -"Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van " -"Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan " -"Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem " -"Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael " -"Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, " -"Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael " -"Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, " -"Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael " -"St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael " -"Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal " -"Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon " -"You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, " -"Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, " -"Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj " -"Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko " -"<quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika " -"Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz " -"Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk Pilgrim, " -"Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee Yang, " -"Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan Miller, " -"Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele Wollert, " -"Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas Bentley, " -"Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick Coghlan, " -"Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " -"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " -"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " -"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " -"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, " -"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar " -"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López " -"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " -"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " -"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " -"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " -"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " -"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " -"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström " -"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry " -"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, " -"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " -"O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " -"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " +"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason E. " +"Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy Bear " +"Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, Jean-Philippe " +"Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff De Cagna, Jeff " +"Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff Rasalla, Jeff Ski " +"Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen Garcia, Jens Erat, " +"Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy " +"Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, Jessica Dickinson " +"Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate Schingler, Jesús Longás " +"Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, " +"Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, " +"Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna " +"Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe " +"Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, Johan Meeusen, Johannes " +"Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John Bevan, John C Patterson, " +"John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John Huntsman, John Manoogian III, " +"John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, John Pearce, John Shale, John " +"Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, John Wilbanks, John Worland, " +"Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon " +"Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, Jonas Öberg, Jonas " +"Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan Holst, Jonathan Lin, " +"Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg Schwarz, Jose Antonio " +"Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph Sullivan, Joseph " +"Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP Rangaswami, Juan Carlos " +"Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo Marin Diaz, Judith " +"Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, " +"Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, " +"Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin Grimes, Justin Jones, " +"Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan " +"Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " +"Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " +"Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, " +"Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, " +"Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, " +"Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, " +"Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin " +"Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, " +"Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran " +"Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, " +"Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, " +"Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle " +"Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, " +"Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura " +"Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie " +"Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro Pangilinan, Leigh " +"Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, leonardo menegola, " +"Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, " +"Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa " +"Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, " +"Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, " +"Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie " +"Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, " +"Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas " +"Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia " +"Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, Macie J Klosowski, Magnus " +"Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, Maik Schmalstich, Maiken " +"Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy Wultsch, Manickkavasakam " +"Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, " +"Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia " +"Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco Montanari, Marco Morales, " +"Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, Margaret Gary, Mari " +"Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino Hernandez, Mario Lurig, " +"Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, Mark Cohen, Mark De " +"Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, Mark Kupfer, Mark " +"Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark Murphy, Mark Perot, " +"Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark Waks, Mark Zuccarell " +"II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, Marshal Miller, Marshall " +"Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin " +"Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti " +"Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, " +"Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias " +"Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, " +"Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt " +"Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew " +"Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, " +"Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, " +"Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max " +"Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, " +"Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, " +"Melle Funambuline, Menachem Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, " +"Michael Anderson, Michael Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael " +"Carroll, Michael Cavette, Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael " +"Dennis Moore, Michael Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, " +"Michael Lewis, Michael May, Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael " +"Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, " +"Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, " +"Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell " +"Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike " +"Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike " +"Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike " +"Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi " +"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko <quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, " +"Mitchell Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan " +"Loomis, Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, " +"MD, Myk Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, " +"Nah Wee Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, " +"Nathan Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, " +"Nele Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, " +"Nicholas Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick " +"Bell, Nick Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay " +"Vedernikov, Nicky Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole " +"Hickman, Niek Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, " +"Nikola Chernev, Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-" +"Fein, Noah Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, " +"Ohad Mayblum, Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle " +"Ahnve, Omar Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, " +"Pablo López Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp " +"István Péter, Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat " +"Hawks, Pat Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia " +"Wolf, Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, " +"Patrick McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, " +"Patrik Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul " +"Bailey, Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul " +"Jacobson, Paul Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, " +"Peeter Sällström Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per " +"Åström, Perry Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter " +"Jenkins, Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, " +"Peter O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, " +"Petr Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " "Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " @@ -12895,8 +12908,8 @@ msgid "" "ToeWater, Rita Lewis, Rita Wood, Riyadh Al Balushi, Rob Balder, Rob Berkley, " "Rob Bertholf, Rob Emanuele, Rob McAuliffe, Rob McKaughan, Rob Tillie, Rob " "Utter, Rob Vincent, Robert Gaffney, Robert Jones, Robert Kelly, Robert " -"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert " -"R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " +"Lawlis, Robert McDonald, Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. " +"Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-Silva, Robert Thompson, Robert Wagoner, Roberto " "Selvaggio, Robin DeRosa, Robin Rist Kildal, Rodrigo Castilhos, Roger Bacon, " "Roger Saner, Roger So, Roger Solé, Roger Tregear, Roland Tanglao, Rolf and " "Mari von Walthausen, Rolf Egstad, Rolf Schaller, Ron Zuijlen, Ronald " @@ -12905,57 +12918,57 @@ msgid "" "Hitzenberger, Rusi Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute " "Correia, Ruth Ann Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan " "Price, Ryan Sasaki, Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin " -"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, " -"Samantha-Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel " -"A. Rebelsky, Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira " -"Cersosimo, Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy " -"ONeil, Sang-Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara " -"Lucca, Sara Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah " -"Gold, Sarah McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha " -"VanHoven, Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott " -"Bruinooge, Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, " -"Sean Johnson, Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, " -"Sebastiaan ter Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian " -"Schweizer, Sebastian Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey " -"Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth " -"Lepore, Shannon Turner, Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn " -"Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, " -"Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, " -"Simon Klose, Simon Law, Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon " -"Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, " -"Stefan Langer, Stefan Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan " -"Meißl, Stéphane Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, " -"Stephen Pearce, Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, " -"Steve Battle, Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve " -"Ingram, Steve Kroy, Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven " -"Knudsen, Steven Melvin, Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart " -"Maxwell, Stuart Reich, Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, " -"Susan R Grossman, Suzie Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, " -"Sylvain Chery, Sylvia Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, " -"T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo " -"Toikkanen, Tasha Turner Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, " -"Teresa Gonczy, Terry Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, " -"Thibault Badenas, Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas " -"Chang, Thomas Hartman, Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, " -"Thomas Thrush, Thomas Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim " -"Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, " -"Timothy Arfsten, Timothy Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza " -"Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom " -"Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom " -"Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, " -"Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, " -"Tracey Henton, Tracey James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor " -"Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, " -"Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, " -"Vaughan jenkins, Veethika Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, " -"Victor Grigas, Victoria Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas " -"Shah, Vinayak S.Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia " -"Gentilini, Virginia Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne " -"Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, " -"Willa Köerner, William Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William " -"Marshall, William Peter Nash, William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, " -"Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier " -"Moisant, Xueqi Li, Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian " -"Sun, Yves Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua " -"de Haan, ZeMarmot Open Movie" +"Kenaid, Salomon Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-" +"Jayne Chapman, Samarth Agarwal, Sami Al-AbdRabbuh, Samuel A. Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " +"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " +"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " +"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves " +"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " +"ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" diff --git a/po/es/mwcc.po b/po/es/mwcc.po index af3b2bb..3a17c55 100644 --- a/po/es/mwcc.po +++ b/po/es/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-06-12 13:18-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-02-22 21:18+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf <gwolf@gwolf.org>\n" "Language-Team: Spanish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -969,9 +969,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " +#| "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" "La figura 1.1 es una representación de cómo una empresa puede tener niveles " "variables de involucramiento con los comunes, el Estado y el mercado." @@ -1045,10 +1050,10 @@ msgstr "Pictures/es/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -1100,23 +1105,31 @@ msgid "" "That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " "the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" -"<?latex \\vspace{-1cm} ?>Como parte de su trabajo ganador del Premio Nobel, Elinor Ostrom desarrolló " -"un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos naturales se gestionan " -"en forma de comunes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Su marco " -"conceptual considera cosas como las características biofísicas de recursos " -"comunes, los actores de la comunidad y las interacciones que tienen lugar " -"entre ellos, reglas en uso y resultados. Dicho marco conceptual para este " -"capítulo ha sido simplificado y generalizado para aplicarlo a los comunes, " -"al mercado y al Estado." +"<?latex \\vspace{-1cm} ?>Como parte de su trabajo ganador del Premio Nobel, " +"Elinor Ostrom desarrolló un marco conceptual para analizar cómo los recursos " +"naturales se gestionan en forma de comunes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Su marco conceptual considera cosas como las características " +"biofísicas de recursos comunes, los actores de la comunidad y las " +"interacciones que tienen lugar entre ellos, reglas en uso y resultados. " +"Dicho marco conceptual para este capítulo ha sido simplificado y " +"generalizado para aplicarlo a los comunes, al mercado y al Estado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:547 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " +#| "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " +#| "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms " +#| "and rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use " +#| "along with outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" "Para comparar y contrastar las formas en las que los comunes, el mercado y " "el Estado trabajan, consideremos cuatro aspectos de la gestión de recursos: " @@ -1232,14 +1245,23 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and " +#| "state conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees " +#| "resources as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is " +#| "extracted. The state sees resources as public goods that provide value to " +#| "state citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a " +#| "common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in " +#| "undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" "Mas allá de esta idea de físico contra digital, los comunes, el mercado y el " "Estado conciben a los recursos de forma diferente (véase la figura 1.3). El " @@ -1251,12 +1273,12 @@ msgstr "" "disminuida y, en ocasiones, mejorada." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "Personas y procesos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1267,7 +1289,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiene voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1284,7 +1306,7 @@ msgstr "" "gestionan recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1302,7 +1324,7 @@ msgstr "" "una transacción de efectivo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." @@ -1311,7 +1333,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creativity and the Commons</emphasis> (Nueva York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1342,23 +1364,23 @@ msgstr "" "anónimos y más personales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "Cómo el mercado, los comunes y el Estado conciben los recursos." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "Pictures/es/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "Normas y reglas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1369,7 +1391,7 @@ msgstr "" "Éstas definen permisos, asignan derechos y resuelven disputas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1385,7 +1407,7 @@ msgstr "" "de las reglas mediante las cuales se regula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1396,12 +1418,12 @@ msgstr "" "y leyes financieras definidas por el Estado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1418,12 +1440,12 @@ msgstr "" "sostenibilidad.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "Objetivos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1437,7 +1459,7 @@ msgstr "" "los comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1450,7 +1472,7 @@ msgstr "" "Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1467,7 +1489,7 @@ msgstr "" "y estas todas son formas de medir los objetivos del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1484,7 +1506,7 @@ msgstr "" "Estado se reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1502,7 +1524,7 @@ msgstr "" "social." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1515,12 +1537,12 @@ msgstr "" "diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "Una corta historia de los comunes" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1537,7 +1559,7 @@ msgstr "" "reportes noticiosos o discursos acerca de los comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1552,7 +1574,7 @@ msgstr "" "historia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1563,7 +1585,17 @@ msgstr "" "Manifesto</emphasis> (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " +#| "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, " +#| "and many other things collectively as a commons.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state " +#| "in the form of rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled " +#| "it. Direct social participation in a commons was the primary way in which " +#| "resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in " +#| "relation to the state and the market.)" msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1571,8 +1603,8 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" "Por siglos, las personas indígenas de las sociedades preindustrializadas " "gestionaron recursos de forma colectiva como comunes, incluyendo agua, " @@ -1585,23 +1617,23 @@ msgstr "" "el mercado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "En la sociedad preindustrializada." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "Pictures/es/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "Bollier, <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner</emphasis>, 55–78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1613,7 +1645,17 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>, 88." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " +#| "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure " +#| "of the commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +#| "<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +#| "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of " +#| "the state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +#| "managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1622,7 +1664,7 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" "A esto le sigue una larga historia del Estado (un monarca o soberano) " "tomando control sobre los comunes para sus propios propósitos. A esto se le " @@ -1635,7 +1677,20 @@ msgstr "" "figura 1.5)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " +#| "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " +#| "cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and " +#| "resources became commodities sold to businesses to support production. " +#| "Monarchies evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers " +#| "earning money operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, " +#| "and property laws were revised by governments to support markets, growth, " +#| "and productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods " +#| "resulted in a rising standard of living, improved health, and education. " +#| "Fig. 6 shows how today the market is the primary means by which resources " +#| "are managed." msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1645,8 +1700,9 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" "La tenencia de la tierra, el agua y la caza eran distribuidas a la familia " "gobernante y políticos designados. Las masas desplazadas de la tierra " @@ -1660,18 +1716,18 @@ msgstr "" "principal por el cual los recursos son gestionados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "Los comunes son gradualmente reemplazados por el Estado." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "Pictures/es/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." @@ -1681,7 +1737,7 @@ msgstr "" "la sobreexplotación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1701,7 +1757,7 @@ msgstr "" "justificación para la propiedad privada y el libre mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1712,7 +1768,7 @@ msgstr "" "Strandburg, <emphasis>Governing Knowledge Commons</emphasis>, 12." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1749,7 +1805,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1771,7 +1827,7 @@ msgstr "" "haberse titulado de forma más precisa La tragedia del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." @@ -1780,7 +1836,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hepting, <emphasis>Free Knowledge</emphasis>, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1804,7 +1860,7 @@ msgstr "" "y reglas usuales del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1818,23 +1874,23 @@ msgstr "" "ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "Cómo el mercado, el Estado y los comunes se ven al día de hoy." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "Pictures/es/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "La revolución digital" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1846,14 +1902,14 @@ msgstr "" "conjunto de principios y libertades:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" "La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, " "para cualquier propósito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1864,12 +1920,12 @@ msgstr "" "realice el cómputo como lo requiera cada quién." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "La libertad de redistribuir copias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1880,7 +1936,7 @@ msgstr "" "diciembre de 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -1889,7 +1945,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." @@ -1898,7 +1954,7 @@ msgstr "" "tipifican a los comunes digitales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." @@ -1907,7 +1963,7 @@ msgstr "" "de noviembre de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1938,7 +1994,7 @@ msgstr "" "un candado propietario sobre los protocolos centrales de Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1951,7 +2007,7 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1974,7 +2030,7 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis>Hechos con Creative Commons</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -2000,7 +2056,7 @@ msgstr "" "sin el permiso del creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -2011,7 +2067,7 @@ msgstr "" "2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -2027,12 +2083,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "El nacimiento de Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -2051,7 +2107,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo creativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -2062,7 +2118,7 @@ msgstr "" "work/licensing-considerations/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -2093,7 +2149,7 @@ msgstr "" "asociadas con contenidos digitales que forman parte de los comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -2109,7 +2165,7 @@ msgstr "" "revistas, recursos educativos, música y otros tipos de audio y vídeos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -2118,7 +2174,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -2137,7 +2193,7 @@ msgstr "" "de estudio fueron escogidos buscando reflejar esa diversidad.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -2161,7 +2217,7 @@ msgstr "" "el del software libre y de código abierto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -2177,7 +2233,7 @@ msgstr "" "de forma libre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -2188,7 +2244,7 @@ msgstr "" "org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -2213,22 +2269,22 @@ msgstr "" "libres para el público que pagó por ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "El mercado cambiante" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "Capra y Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 116." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -2256,7 +2312,7 @@ msgstr "" "de la democracia.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -2267,7 +2323,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -2283,7 +2339,7 @@ msgstr "" ">" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -2300,7 +2356,7 @@ msgstr "" "cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -2311,7 +2367,7 @@ msgstr "" "amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -2333,7 +2389,7 @@ msgstr "" "cohesión social y la seguridad.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." @@ -2342,7 +2398,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015), 42." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -2372,14 +2428,14 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Aunque ninguna de las personas que entrevistamos en " "nuestros casos de estudio se describirían a sí mismas como parte de una " "economía compartida, de hecho hay algunos paralelismos importantes. Tanto " -"ésta como los comunes hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de " -"activos. La economía compartida ve las residencias personales y autos como " -"algo que tiene una capacidad latente sobrante con valor para alquiler. El " -"acceso equitativo de los comunes amplía y diversifica el número de personas " -"que pueden usar y derivar valor de un activo." +"ésta como los comunes hacen un mejor uso de la capacidad de activos. La " +"economía compartida ve las residencias personales y autos como algo que " +"tiene una capacidad latente sobrante con valor para alquiler. El acceso " +"equitativo de los comunes amplía y diversifica el número de personas que " +"pueden usar y derivar valor de un activo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -2390,7 +2446,7 @@ msgstr "" "nuevo prefacio (Nueva York: Hyperion, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -2415,7 +2471,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -2428,21 +2484,21 @@ msgid "" "people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. " "They aim for abundance over scarcity." msgstr "" -"Los que están <emphasis>Hechos con Creative Commons</emphasis> " -"buscan impulsarse utilizando las características inherentes únicas de los " -"recursos digitales, incluyendo la reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías " -"de gestión de derechos digitales en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y " -"controles que previenen que los bienes digitales sean accesados, " -"modificados, replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o inexistente. En su lugar, " -"las licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para llevar contenidos " -"digitales a los comunes, tomando ventaja de las características económicas " -"únicas derivadas del ser digital. El propósito es ver que los recursos " -"digitales sean usados tan ampliamente y por tantas personas como sea " -"posible. Maximizar el acceso y la participación son objetivos comunes. El " -"propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez." +"Los que están <emphasis>Hechos con Creative Commons</emphasis> buscan " +"impulsarse utilizando las características inherentes únicas de los recursos " +"digitales, incluyendo la reducción de costos. El uso de tecnologías de " +"gestión de derechos digitales en forma de bloqueos, contraseñas y controles " +"que previenen que los bienes digitales sean accesados, modificados, " +"replicados y distribuidos es mínimo o inexistente. En su lugar, las " +"licencias de Creative Commons son usadas para llevar contenidos digitales a " +"los comunes, tomando ventaja de las características económicas únicas " +"derivadas del ser digital. El propósito es ver que los recursos digitales " +"sean usados tan ampliamente y por tantas personas como sea posible. " +"Maximizar el acceso y la participación son objetivos comunes. El propósito " +"es la abundancia sobre la escasez." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -2453,7 +2509,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) , 273." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -2472,7 +2528,7 @@ msgstr "" "ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -2486,7 +2542,7 @@ msgstr "" "mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -2498,7 +2554,7 @@ msgstr "" "Chelsea Green, 2013), 39." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." @@ -2508,7 +2564,7 @@ msgstr "" "Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -2535,7 +2591,7 @@ msgstr "" "mercado.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -2547,7 +2603,7 @@ msgstr "" "model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -2565,7 +2621,7 @@ msgstr "" "de negocios.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." @@ -2574,7 +2630,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -2591,7 +2647,7 @@ msgstr "" "d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -2617,7 +2673,7 @@ msgstr "" "económico." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -2643,7 +2699,7 @@ msgstr "" "cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -2659,7 +2715,7 @@ msgstr "" "generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -2687,12 +2743,12 @@ msgstr "" "sostenibilidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "Beneficios de los comunes digitales" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -2706,7 +2762,7 @@ msgstr "" "beneficios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2722,7 +2778,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2747,7 +2803,7 @@ msgstr "" "equidad y justicia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2772,7 +2828,7 @@ msgstr "" "que benefician a la sociedad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2783,7 +2839,7 @@ msgstr "" "Press, 2006), 31–44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2812,7 +2868,7 @@ msgstr "" "relación con la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2836,7 +2892,7 @@ msgstr "" "construyen sobre su trabajo, tanto local como globalmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2861,7 +2917,7 @@ msgstr "" "al público y contribuye al valor de los comunes en su totalidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2889,7 +2945,7 @@ msgstr "" "de un intercambio monetario, los comunes unifican a las personas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2902,12 +2958,12 @@ msgstr "" "opción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "Nuestros casos de estudio" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2930,7 +2986,7 @@ msgstr "" "acerca del resultado financiero final." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2946,7 +3002,7 @@ msgstr "" "cumpliendo y qué tan sostenible es la empresa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2965,7 +3021,7 @@ msgstr "" "digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2981,7 +3037,7 @@ msgstr "" "monetarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2994,7 +3050,7 @@ msgstr "" "mundo. Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -3020,7 +3076,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -3038,7 +3094,7 @@ msgstr "" "una alternativa más balanceada es posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -3056,17 +3112,17 @@ msgstr "" "una guía e ideas de cómo trabaja." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Hecho con Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -3098,7 +3154,7 @@ msgstr "" "también hacer uso de éste." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -3118,7 +3174,7 @@ msgstr "" "definiciones de éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -3129,7 +3185,7 @@ msgstr "" "investigaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -3147,7 +3203,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons usando sólo una perspectiva de negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -3159,7 +3215,7 @@ msgstr "" "generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -3181,7 +3237,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -3195,7 +3251,7 @@ msgstr "" "libro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -3215,7 +3271,7 @@ msgstr "" "de seguir leyendo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -3238,7 +3294,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocios podría estar un poco desviado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -3254,7 +3310,7 @@ msgstr "" "capas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -3281,7 +3337,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartida. " #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -3305,7 +3361,7 @@ msgstr "" "conexión." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -3321,7 +3377,7 @@ msgstr "" "del éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." @@ -3330,7 +3386,7 @@ msgstr "" "Internet Age</emphasis> (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -3356,7 +3412,7 @@ msgstr "" "usarlo? Debe tener un uso y significado personal.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -3376,7 +3432,7 @@ msgstr "" "usando una licencia Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -3397,7 +3453,7 @@ msgstr "" "éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -3408,7 +3464,7 @@ msgstr "" "hay que hacer suficiente dinero para mantener las luces encendidas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -3430,12 +3486,12 @@ msgstr "" "anuncios que sus antepasados por una fracción del precio</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 55." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -3461,7 +3517,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo por amor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3472,7 +3528,7 @@ msgstr "" "prefacio (Nueva York: Hyperion, 2010), 224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -3496,13 +3552,13 @@ msgstr "" "personalizado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" "Doctorow, <emphasis>Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</emphasis>, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -3534,7 +3590,7 @@ msgstr "" "creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -3560,7 +3616,7 @@ msgstr "" "bien, es solo acerca de mantener la operación funcionando día a día.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -3575,7 +3631,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo real conforme persiguen esta nueva forma de operar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -3586,12 +3642,12 @@ msgstr "" "ayuda a resolver el <quote>problema cero.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "Problema cero: ser descubierto" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." @@ -3601,7 +3657,7 @@ msgstr "" "121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." @@ -3610,7 +3666,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Nueva York: Signal, 2012), 64." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -3648,7 +3704,7 @@ msgstr "" "estamos limitados a lo que requieren las masas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." @@ -3657,12 +3713,12 @@ msgstr "" "Life of the Commons</emphasis> (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Makers</emphasis>, 66." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." @@ -3671,7 +3727,7 @@ msgstr "" "Economy</emphasis> (Nueva York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -3704,12 +3760,12 @@ msgstr "" "alguna forma, tiene que llamar la atención de las personas correctas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 62." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -3740,13 +3796,13 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo y que lo compartan con otros es contraproducente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" "Doctorow, <emphasis>Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</emphasis>, 38." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -3760,7 +3816,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -3781,12 +3837,12 @@ msgstr "" "generado una inmensa cantidad de buena voluntad dentro de la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "Bollier, <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner</emphasis>, 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -3803,7 +3859,7 @@ msgstr "" "criminalizados.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -3821,7 +3877,7 @@ msgstr "" "creativo no tiene repercusión en la capacidad de nadie más para usarlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -3851,12 +3907,12 @@ msgstr "" "oportunidades que el compartir desbloqueó para ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 86." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -3876,13 +3932,13 @@ msgstr "" "demuestra que usted entiende a Internet.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" "Doctorow, <emphasis>Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</emphasis>, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -3905,7 +3961,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo que nunca hubieran podido hacer de otra manera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." @@ -3914,12 +3970,12 @@ msgstr "" "beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -3943,7 +3999,7 @@ msgstr "" "personas compartan?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -3960,12 +4016,12 @@ msgstr "" "posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 123." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -3993,17 +4049,17 @@ msgstr "" "aún más accesible y que sea más probable que prolifere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 132." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -4023,12 +4079,12 @@ msgstr "" "parcial de calidad o utilidad.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "Usar CC para obtener atribución y reconocimiento de nombre" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -4039,7 +4095,7 @@ msgstr "" "leyes y contratos es qué tan poco frecuentemente son invocados.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -4072,7 +4128,7 @@ msgstr "" "consistente con nociones básicas de justicia, como dar crédito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -4099,7 +4155,7 @@ msgstr "" "citando su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -4126,7 +4182,7 @@ msgstr "" "una parte especial del producto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -4144,13 +4200,13 @@ msgstr "" "confiable de información es más valioso que nunca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" "Utilizar el contenido licenciado con CC como una herramienta publicitaria" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -4168,12 +4224,12 @@ msgstr "" "y llevar a la gente a otro producto o servicio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -4204,7 +4260,7 @@ msgstr "" "promoción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -4235,14 +4291,14 @@ msgstr "" "libros de texto de OpenStax)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" "Utilizar CC para que otros se comprometan con tu trabajo y participen " "activamente" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -4255,13 +4311,13 @@ msgstr "" "la participación pública en el trabajo creativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" "Osterwalder y Pigneur, <emphasis>Business Model Generation</emphasis>, 23." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -4286,22 +4342,22 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de adaptar una foto es menos importante." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 67." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 58." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Makers</emphasis>, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." @@ -4310,7 +4366,7 @@ msgstr "" "into Collaborators</emphasis> (Londres: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -4340,12 +4396,12 @@ msgstr "" "creado por otro.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 21." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -4366,18 +4422,18 @@ msgstr "" "profundamente con tu trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "Usar CC para diferenciarse" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" "Doctorow, <emphasis>Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</emphasis>, 43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -4406,12 +4462,12 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, dijo David. <quote>Cambia las reglas del juego.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "Hacer dinero" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -4424,7 +4480,7 @@ msgstr "" "entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -4458,12 +4514,12 @@ msgstr "" "sentido de reciprocidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "Shirky, <emphasis>Cognitive Surplus</emphasis>, 111." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -4484,7 +4540,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -4502,18 +4558,18 @@ msgstr "" "abstracción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "Flujos de ingresos basados en el mercado" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" "Osterwalder y Pigneur, <emphasis>Business Model Generation</emphasis>, 30." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." @@ -4522,7 +4578,7 @@ msgstr "" "Performance</emphasis> (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -4542,12 +4598,12 @@ msgstr "" "añadido que uno le da al producto.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Free</emphasis>, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -4579,12 +4635,12 @@ msgstr "" "manteniendo un precio en contra de la fuerza de la gravedad.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 231." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -4607,7 +4663,7 @@ msgstr "" "versión gratuita</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -4624,7 +4680,7 @@ msgstr "" "los valores detrás de <emphasis>Hecho con Creative Commons</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -4638,12 +4694,12 @@ msgstr "" "servicio asociado con un costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "Presentamos ahora algunas de la categorías principales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" @@ -4652,12 +4708,12 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 97." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -4680,18 +4736,18 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>Una-canción-al-día</quote> Mann." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando por la copia física <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Makers</emphasis>, 107." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -4735,14 +4791,14 @@ msgstr "" "servicio o algún otro principio de trabajo tradicional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando por la versión en persona <emphasis>[BASADA EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -4761,12 +4817,12 @@ msgstr "" "capacitación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Vendiendo mercancía <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -4780,13 +4836,13 @@ msgstr "" "museos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" "Osterwalder y Pigneur, <emphasis>Business Model Generation</emphasis>, 89." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -4813,24 +4869,24 @@ msgstr "" "dispuesta a pagar –hay otros servicios que también se pueden proveer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando a los anunciantes o promotores <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 92." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 142." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -4858,14 +4914,14 @@ msgstr "" "particular, o de toda la empresa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando a los creadores de contenido <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -4890,20 +4946,20 @@ msgstr "" "del contenido del sitio Web de <emphasis>The Conversation</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Cobrando una cuota por transacción <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" "Osterwalder y Pigneur, <emphasis>Business Model Generation</emphasis>, 32." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4927,7 +4983,7 @@ msgstr "" "creador para hacer mobiliario basado en uno de los diseños en su plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4935,7 +4991,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -4953,13 +5009,13 @@ msgstr "" "contribuyen a la plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Licenciando una marca registrada <emphasis>[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -4981,12 +5037,12 @@ msgstr "" "del contenido bajo CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "Flujos de ingresos basados en la reciprocidad" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -5000,7 +5056,7 @@ msgstr "" "escasez." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -5024,7 +5080,7 @@ msgstr "" "dado y el recibido sean estrictamente iguales.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -5040,17 +5096,17 @@ msgstr "" "sobrevivir y evolucionar.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "Bollier, <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner</emphasis>, 150." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 134." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -5065,7 +5121,7 @@ msgstr "" "\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -5073,7 +5129,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -5100,13 +5156,13 @@ msgstr "" "que esta estratega triunfe." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "El modelo paga lo que quieres <emphasis>[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -5129,13 +5185,13 @@ msgstr "" "podríamos encontrar la manera de obtenerlas gratuitamente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Financiamiento comunitario <emphasis>[BASADO EN LA RECIPROCIDAD]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -5169,7 +5225,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -5187,12 +5243,12 @@ msgstr "" "con la comunidad bibliotecaria y con la idea de acceso abierto general." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "Creando conexiones humanas" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -5223,7 +5279,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -5240,7 +5296,7 @@ msgstr "" "creativas con las personas que valoran lo que ellos hacen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -5251,7 +5307,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -5262,7 +5318,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons</emphasis>. Y resultó que estaba equivocada en muchos aspectos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -5285,7 +5341,7 @@ msgstr "" "abrir el ángulo desde el cual se mira." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -5312,7 +5368,7 @@ msgstr "" "con nuestros valores, con todos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -5325,12 +5381,12 @@ msgstr "" "recordarnos cómo es realmente compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "Ser humano" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." @@ -5339,7 +5395,7 @@ msgstr "" "Our Decisions</emphasis>, rev. ed. (Nueva York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -5357,7 +5413,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer fácil que nos olvidemos que estamos tratando con otro ser humano." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." @@ -5366,7 +5422,7 @@ msgstr "" "Get Discovered</emphasis> (Nueva York: Workman, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -5394,7 +5450,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -5418,12 +5474,12 @@ msgstr "" "significativa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "Kramer, <emphasis>Shareology</emphasis>, 76." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -5445,22 +5501,22 @@ msgstr "" "simular la humanidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "Ser abierto y responsable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "Palmer, <emphasis>Art of Asking</emphasis>, 252." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "Whitehurst, <emphasis>Open Organization</emphasis>, 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -5484,17 +5540,17 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "Surowiecki, <emphasis>Wisdom of Crowds</emphasis>, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "Whitehurst, <emphasis>Open Organization</emphasis>, 80." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -5524,22 +5580,22 @@ msgstr "" "interese en lo que hace." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "Diseñar para los buenos actores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "Bollier, <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner</emphasis>, 25." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 31." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -5572,12 +5628,12 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons</emphasis> están diseñadas para los buenos actores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "Shirky, <emphasis>Cognitive Surplus</emphasis>, 112." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -5599,12 +5655,12 @@ msgstr "" "acentúen nuestros instintos sociales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "Surowiecki, <emphasis>Wisdom of Crowds</emphasis>, 124." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -5629,22 +5685,22 @@ msgstr "" "general, lo hacen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "Tratar a los seres humanos como, bueno, humanos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "Kleon, <emphasis>Show Your Work</emphasis>, 127." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "Palmer, <emphasis>Art of Asking</emphasis>, 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -5667,7 +5723,7 @@ msgstr "" "todo lo que le dicen.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -5679,17 +5735,17 @@ msgstr "" "con los usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "Ariely, <emphasis>Predictably Irrational</emphasis>, 87." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 105." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -5718,12 +5774,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "Establecer principios y mantenerse apegado a ellos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -5746,7 +5802,7 @@ msgstr "" "Regularmente suceden ambas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -5767,12 +5823,12 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad OER (recursos abiertos educativos) en la que ellos operan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -5787,12 +5843,12 @@ msgstr "" "motivados y construye confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "Construir una comunidad" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." @@ -5801,7 +5857,7 @@ msgstr "" "CA: O’Reilly Media, 2012), 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -5823,17 +5879,17 @@ msgstr "" "CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "Palmer, <emphasis>Art of Asking</emphasis>, 98." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "Whitehurst, <emphasis>Open Organization</emphasis>, 34." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -5863,17 +5919,17 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "Surowiecki, <emphasis>Wisdom of Crowds</emphasis>, 200." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "Bollier, <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner</emphasis>, 29." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -5901,7 +5957,7 @@ msgstr "" "desvinculación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." @@ -5911,12 +5967,12 @@ msgstr "" "es lo que verdaderamente significa compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "Contribuir más a los comunes de lo que tomamos" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -5929,7 +5985,7 @@ msgstr "" "economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." @@ -5938,7 +5994,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>, reimpresión con un nuevo epílogo (Nueva York: Portfolio, 2012)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -5968,7 +6024,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Eso no es compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -5979,7 +6035,7 @@ msgstr "" "url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -6008,7 +6064,7 @@ msgstr "" "activamente su trabajo en la plataforma de una manera efectiva." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -6027,28 +6083,28 @@ msgstr "" "valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú añadiste." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "Involucrar a la gente en lo que haces" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Makers</emphasis>, 148." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "Shirky, <emphasis>Cognitive Surplus</emphasis>, 164." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "Whitehurst, prefacio de <emphasis>Open Organization</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -6076,12 +6132,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"2\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "Shirky, <emphasis>Cognitive Surplus</emphasis>, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -6102,17 +6158,17 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "<emphasis>Ibid</emphasis>., 154." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "Palmer, <emphasis>Art of Asking</emphasis>, 163." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -6152,12 +6208,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "Anderson, <emphasis>Makers</emphasis>, 173." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." @@ -6166,7 +6222,7 @@ msgstr "" "Potential within Us All</emphasis> (Nueva York: Crown, 2013), 82." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -6194,7 +6250,7 @@ msgstr "" "florezca.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." @@ -6204,7 +6260,7 @@ msgstr "" "188." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -6228,12 +6284,12 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\" />" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Las licencias Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -6260,29 +6316,29 @@ msgstr "" "patentes o marcas registradas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -6296,12 +6352,12 @@ msgstr "" "de materiales licenciados." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -6319,12 +6375,12 @@ msgstr "" "derivada también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -6335,12 +6391,12 @@ msgstr "" "modificaciones y te den crédito como autor." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -6353,12 +6409,12 @@ msgstr "" "no tienen la obligación de licenciarlos bajo estos mismos términos." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -6370,12 +6426,12 @@ msgstr "" "creaciones bajo los mismos términos." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -6388,7 +6444,7 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -6400,12 +6456,12 @@ msgstr "" "cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." @@ -6415,12 +6471,12 @@ msgstr "" "quote>)." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -6430,7 +6486,7 @@ msgstr "" "derecho autoral." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -6452,7 +6508,7 @@ msgstr "" "digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -6479,7 +6535,7 @@ msgstr "" "físicas del mismo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -6504,7 +6560,7 @@ msgstr "" "siguen soñando con que una etiqueta distribuidora descubra su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -6518,7 +6574,7 @@ msgstr "" "médicos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -6542,12 +6598,12 @@ msgstr "" "normas entre distintos dominios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "Nota:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -6561,12 +6617,12 @@ msgstr "" "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "Los estudios de caso" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -6585,7 +6641,7 @@ msgstr "" "del Kickstarter, y la misma cantidad fueron seleccionados por nosotros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -6601,12 +6657,12 @@ msgstr "" "entrevistamos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "Arduino" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -6615,12 +6671,12 @@ msgstr "" "hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -6632,15 +6688,15 @@ msgstr "" "productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 4 de febrero de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" @@ -6649,25 +6705,25 @@ msgstr "" "Igoe, cofundadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -6695,7 +6751,7 @@ msgstr "" "software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -6713,7 +6769,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer artes visuales)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -6730,7 +6786,7 @@ msgstr "" "mucho más allá de lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -6750,7 +6806,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Tom, <quote>abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -6767,7 +6823,7 @@ msgstr "" "invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -6784,7 +6840,7 @@ msgstr "" "vender el producto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -6811,7 +6867,7 @@ msgstr "" "comprará." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -6841,7 +6897,7 @@ msgstr "" "tanto para novatos como para expertos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -6858,7 +6914,7 @@ msgstr "" "suficientemente altos para sostener el negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -6873,7 +6929,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -6896,7 +6952,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons para asegurar que la nueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -6918,12 +6974,12 @@ msgstr "" "incorpora en sus nuevos productos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -6947,7 +7003,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -6973,7 +7029,7 @@ msgstr "" "ese punto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -6997,7 +7053,7 @@ msgstr "" "no sufre por copias de mala calidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -7016,7 +7072,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ganancias para Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -7034,12 +7090,12 @@ msgstr "" "crítica para Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -7068,7 +7124,7 @@ msgstr "" "compatibles y falsificados.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -7084,7 +7140,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -7101,7 +7157,7 @@ msgstr "" "tecnología es un tipo de alfabetización que todos deberían aprender.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -7112,12 +7168,12 @@ msgstr "" "distribución, bueno para los precios y bueno para la manufactura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "Ártica" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -7128,12 +7184,12 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" @@ -7142,14 +7198,14 @@ msgstr "" "servicios personalizados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 9 de marzo de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" @@ -7158,21 +7214,21 @@ msgstr "" "Gemetto, cofundadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -7185,12 +7241,12 @@ msgstr "" "esencialmente uno que ellos construyeron por sí mismos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -7212,7 +7268,7 @@ msgstr "" "crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -7238,7 +7294,7 @@ msgstr "" "barreras ni intermediarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -7259,7 +7315,7 @@ msgstr "" "por los servicios personalizados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -7277,7 +7333,7 @@ msgstr "" "especializados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -7293,7 +7349,7 @@ msgstr "" "individuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -7308,7 +7364,7 @@ msgstr "" "les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -7339,7 +7395,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -7355,7 +7411,7 @@ msgstr "" "oportunidades para su negocio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -7377,7 +7433,7 @@ msgstr "" "libro.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -7396,7 +7452,7 @@ msgstr "" "proceso es tan importante como el producto final." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -7411,7 +7467,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenidos son fluidos. Lo importante son las relaciones.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -7422,7 +7478,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir sus conocimientos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -7448,7 +7504,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo es la misión de democratizar el arte y la cultura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -7465,7 +7521,7 @@ msgstr "" "pequeña, eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -7481,7 +7537,7 @@ msgstr "" "colaborativa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -7496,12 +7552,12 @@ msgstr "" "cómo se ve.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "Blender Institute" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -7510,12 +7566,12 @@ msgstr "" "utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" @@ -7525,14 +7581,14 @@ msgstr "" "copias físicas, venta de mercancía." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 8 de marzo de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" @@ -7541,7 +7597,7 @@ msgstr "" "coordinador de producción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -7562,7 +7618,7 @@ msgstr "" "Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -7583,7 +7639,7 @@ msgstr "" "conjunto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -7597,7 +7653,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -7619,7 +7675,7 @@ msgstr "" "bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -7643,7 +7699,7 @@ msgstr "" "una comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -7660,7 +7716,7 @@ msgstr "" "para supervisar y administrar el desarrollo y mantenimiento de software." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -7681,7 +7737,7 @@ msgstr "" "programa Blender." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -7700,7 +7756,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -7715,7 +7771,7 @@ msgstr "" "viralizó, y sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -7741,7 +7797,7 @@ msgstr "" "siempre podemos contratarlos por limitantes presupuestales.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -7760,7 +7816,7 @@ msgstr "" "ve y comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos</quote>, dice Francesco." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -7778,7 +7834,7 @@ msgstr "" "divertido, pero termina. Eso es un problema</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -7808,7 +7864,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilizados en varios proyectos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -7822,7 +7878,7 @@ msgstr "" "artistas, la libertad lo es todo.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -7840,7 +7896,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Blender." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -7853,7 +7909,7 @@ msgstr "" "una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -7872,17 +7928,17 @@ msgstr "" "y presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste</quote>, dijo Ton." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas, todo se trata de hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -7892,12 +7948,12 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" @@ -7906,20 +7962,20 @@ msgstr "" "físicas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 3 de febrero de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -7932,7 +7988,7 @@ msgstr "" "dinero del que ganamos.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -7952,7 +8008,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego hilarante y divertido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -7967,7 +8023,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -7980,7 +8036,7 @@ msgstr "" "las descargas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -7995,7 +8051,7 @@ msgstr "" "todo un nuevo juego por sí solo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -8006,7 +8062,7 @@ msgstr "" "base de seguidores masiva." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -8032,7 +8088,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -8044,7 +8100,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -8058,7 +8114,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -8087,7 +8143,7 @@ msgstr "" "decidieron iniciar su Venta de Todo Cuesta 5 Dólares Más." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -8099,7 +8155,7 @@ msgstr "" "perfectamente el chiste.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -8113,7 +8169,7 @@ msgstr "" "haya transparencia en lo que hacemos</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -8131,7 +8187,7 @@ msgstr "" "dólares en un sólo día." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -8156,7 +8212,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC, lo pagaría 100 veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -8172,7 +8228,7 @@ msgstr "" "del juego creadas por los seguidores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -8186,7 +8242,7 @@ msgstr "" "en la comercialización</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -8211,7 +8267,7 @@ msgstr "" "puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -8233,7 +8289,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -8255,7 +8311,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -8270,7 +8326,7 @@ msgstr "" "poder hacer más chistes y juegos</quote>, dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -8287,7 +8343,7 @@ msgstr "" "la emoción del juego hacia ellas.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -8303,7 +8359,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtener más dinero de los clientes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -8316,12 +8372,12 @@ msgstr "" "valores, de quién es uno, y por qué está haciendo las cosas</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "The Conversation" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -8332,12 +8388,12 @@ msgstr "" "través de Internet. Fundado en el 2011 en Australia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -8348,14 +8404,14 @@ msgstr "" "tener a sus profesores como escritores), donaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, fundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -8375,7 +8431,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo alternativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -8391,7 +8447,7 @@ msgstr "" "sexy." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -8431,7 +8487,7 @@ msgstr "" "experiencia ante amplias audiencias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -8457,7 +8513,7 @@ msgstr "" "escribiendo lo que ellos quieran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -8481,7 +8537,7 @@ msgstr "" "abiertamente licenciado con Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -8501,12 +8557,12 @@ msgstr "" "en evidencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -8537,7 +8593,7 @@ msgstr "" "poder compartirlo o republicarlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -8561,7 +8617,7 @@ msgstr "" "todo lo que hace <emphasis>The Conversation</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -8577,7 +8633,7 @@ msgstr "" "proveedor acreditado para el Feed de Noticias de Google." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -8596,7 +8652,7 @@ msgstr "" "de lucro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -8616,7 +8672,7 @@ msgstr "" "partes del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -8634,7 +8690,7 @@ msgstr "" "mejorar la cobertura y las características distintivas del servicio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -8650,7 +8706,7 @@ msgstr "" "fundadores</quote>, con asientos en el consejo editorial asesor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -8670,7 +8726,7 @@ msgstr "" "republicando el artículo y el número de lecturas por artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -8687,7 +8743,7 @@ msgstr "" "una consulta de una empresa sobre un tema." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -8698,7 +8754,7 @@ msgstr "" "comprometerse con el público y mostrar por qué son de valor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -8714,12 +8770,12 @@ msgstr "" "como ganancias que permitan operar al mismo tiempo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "Cory Doctorow" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." @@ -8728,7 +8784,7 @@ msgstr "" "periodista. Vive en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" @@ -8737,7 +8793,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" @@ -8747,14 +8803,14 @@ msgstr "" "traducción de los libros" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 12 de enero de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -8772,7 +8828,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante que sé hacer</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -8783,7 +8839,7 @@ msgstr "" "interponerse en el camino para que ellos lo compartieran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -8804,7 +8860,7 @@ msgstr "" "en que los creadores pueden ganarse la vida en la era de Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -8815,7 +8871,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelos de pague-lo-que-quiera por su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -8847,7 +8903,7 @@ msgstr "" "que hace que le guste a la gente.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -8873,7 +8929,7 @@ msgstr "" "mantenerme alimentado y cobijado, lo hacía para seguir cuerdo</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -8893,7 +8949,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencias CC simboliza su visión del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -8912,7 +8968,7 @@ msgstr "" "su trabajo. <quote>Empecé por no llamarlos ladrones</quote>, dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -8938,7 +8994,7 @@ msgstr "" "un formato destinado a difundirlo</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -8953,7 +9009,7 @@ msgstr "" "dicen que sólo puede hacerlo porque es un autor ya establecido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -8969,7 +9025,7 @@ msgstr "" "tanta gente no lo hace</quote>, dice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -8999,7 +9055,7 @@ msgstr "" "tengo que tomar toda la ayuda que pueda obtener</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -9027,7 +9083,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles de manera gratuita." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -9055,7 +9111,7 @@ msgstr "" "no me cuestan nada y me presentan la posibilidad de obtener algo</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -9077,7 +9133,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -9099,7 +9155,7 @@ msgstr "" "grandes plataformas que tratarán de tomar control sobre su trabajo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -9121,7 +9177,7 @@ msgstr "" "experimento de pague-lo-que-quiera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -9144,7 +9200,7 @@ msgstr "" "gente que ha sido tocada por tu trabajo.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -9160,17 +9216,17 @@ msgstr "" "quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "Nunca ha sido más fácil pensar como un diente de león." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "Figshare" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -9182,12 +9238,12 @@ msgstr "" "videos. Fundado en 2011 en Gran Bretaña." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" @@ -9196,20 +9252,20 @@ msgstr "" "provee servicios pagos a los creadores" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 28 de enero de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, fundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -9231,7 +9287,7 @@ msgstr "" "que el modelo actual de publicación académica no permite." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -9243,7 +9299,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -9261,7 +9317,7 @@ msgstr "" "mejor para su carrera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -9274,7 +9330,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquiera. Así que empezó a trabajar en una solución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -9286,7 +9342,7 @@ msgstr "" "un largo periodo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -9304,7 +9360,7 @@ msgstr "" "identificadores DOI para datos de investigación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -9319,7 +9375,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC BY (Atribución) para figuras, videos y conjuntos de datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -9333,7 +9389,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilizaran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -9350,7 +9406,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilizadas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -9364,7 +9420,7 @@ msgstr "" "del tipo <emphasis>freemium</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -9388,7 +9444,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -9408,7 +9464,7 @@ msgstr "" "proveyera esa funcionalidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -9437,7 +9493,7 @@ msgstr "" "para los datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -9457,7 +9513,7 @@ msgstr "" "agregando servicios para instituciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -9478,7 +9534,7 @@ msgstr "" "realizan investigación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -9503,7 +9559,7 @@ msgstr "" "CompartirIgual), o CC BY-ND (Atribución-NoDerivadas)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -9523,7 +9579,7 @@ msgstr "" "ejemplo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -9540,7 +9596,7 @@ msgstr "" "instituciones la harán su licencia de elección." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" @@ -9549,7 +9605,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" @@ -9558,7 +9614,7 @@ msgstr "" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -9583,7 +9639,7 @@ msgstr "" "\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -9604,12 +9660,12 @@ msgstr "" "ofrecer a universidades una opción de usar licencias Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -9634,7 +9690,7 @@ msgstr "" "siendo usado por las principales instituciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -9650,7 +9706,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluyendo Wikipedia y fuentes de noticias." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -9677,12 +9733,12 @@ msgstr "" "permitiendo que las personas colaboren y hagan nuevos descubrimientos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "Figure.NZ" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -9693,12 +9749,12 @@ msgstr "" "fáciles de entender. Fundada en 2012 en Nueva Zelanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" @@ -9707,21 +9763,21 @@ msgstr "" "proporciona servicios con costo a los creadores, donaciones, patrocinios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 3 de mayo de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistada</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, fundadora" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" @@ -9730,7 +9786,7 @@ msgstr "" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -9769,7 +9825,7 @@ msgstr "" "Zelanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -9791,7 +9847,7 @@ msgstr "" "información e investigación por los cuales usualmente se tiene que pagar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -9818,7 +9874,7 @@ msgstr "" "quisieran abrir su información y presentarla visualmente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -9851,7 +9907,7 @@ msgstr "" "créditos a la fuente original y a Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" @@ -9860,7 +9916,7 @@ msgstr "" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -9892,7 +9948,7 @@ msgstr "" "acorde con la decisión de Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -9919,7 +9975,7 @@ msgstr "" "organización como luchadora y fuente confiable." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -9955,7 +10011,7 @@ msgstr "" "organización se diferencien, se comercialicen y creen una marca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -9969,7 +10025,7 @@ msgstr "" "de valía." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -10000,7 +10056,7 @@ msgstr "" "democratizar la información." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -10026,12 +10082,12 @@ msgstr "" "nunca se había hecho antes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -10047,12 +10103,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -10066,7 +10122,7 @@ msgstr "" "excluidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -10080,7 +10136,7 @@ msgstr "" "reciben son deducibles de impuestos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -10104,7 +10160,7 @@ msgstr "" "construyendo relaciones externas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -10124,7 +10180,7 @@ msgstr "" "experiencias intuitivas, no manuales de usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -10151,7 +10207,7 @@ msgstr "" "interesados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -10169,7 +10225,7 @@ msgstr "" "en nombre de otros, ya fuera en nombre de un país o de una empresa.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -10181,7 +10237,7 @@ msgstr "" "informadas.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -10193,7 +10249,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -10216,7 +10272,7 @@ msgstr "" "analizar y razonar con números.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -10230,7 +10286,7 @@ msgstr "" "mapas y datos.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -10250,7 +10306,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -10266,12 +10322,12 @@ msgstr "" "hacer que el efecto red sea posible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "Knowledge Unlatched" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -10282,12 +10338,12 @@ msgstr "" "acceso abierto. Fundada en 2012 en Reino Unido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" @@ -10296,21 +10352,21 @@ msgstr "" "comunitario (especializado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 26 de febrero " "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, fundadora." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -10341,7 +10397,7 @@ msgstr "" "por innovación en educación en 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -10355,7 +10411,7 @@ msgstr "" "libremente entre los usuarios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -10368,7 +10424,7 @@ msgstr "" "impresos. Éstas subieron, no bajaron." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -10400,7 +10456,7 @@ msgstr "" "formato impreso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -10418,7 +10474,7 @@ msgstr "" "cobertura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -10436,7 +10492,7 @@ msgstr "" "la cobertura del modelo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -10453,7 +10509,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -10475,7 +10531,7 @@ msgstr "" "empresas sociales sin fines de lucro) en 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -10484,7 +10540,7 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Acedemic Publishing:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." @@ -10493,7 +10549,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación sólo mediante Knowledge Unlatched." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -10502,7 +10558,7 @@ msgstr "" "(como lo hacen con los proveedores de bibliotecas ahora)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." @@ -10511,7 +10567,7 @@ msgstr "" "que serán comprados y los precios establecidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -10524,7 +10580,7 @@ msgstr "" "mínimo de bibliotecas para cubrir la cuota por título." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -10536,12 +10592,12 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotecas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -10554,7 +10610,7 @@ msgstr "" "incentivan las membresías.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -10572,7 +10628,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartiendo los costos y el precio por libro bajo hasta los 43 dólares." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" @@ -10581,7 +10637,7 @@ msgstr "" "availability-1/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -10605,7 +10661,7 @@ msgstr "" "de las copias físicas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -10627,7 +10683,7 @@ msgstr "" "por libro baja para cada biblioteca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -10655,7 +10711,7 @@ msgstr "" "de las bibliotecas, cobrar a las bibliotecas y, finalmente, desbloquearlos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -10667,7 +10723,7 @@ msgstr "" "presupuestos y sus juntas del directorio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -10686,7 +10742,7 @@ msgstr "" "cual ha involucrado a muchas más." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -10697,7 +10753,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer también revistas especializadas de acceso libre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -10709,7 +10765,7 @@ msgstr "" "estándar cerrado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -10729,14 +10785,14 @@ msgstr "" "Para la segunda ronda, tomó únicamente un mes, y fueron 26." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -10757,7 +10813,7 @@ msgstr "" "ello.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -10779,7 +10835,7 @@ msgstr "" "digital." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -10795,7 +10851,7 @@ msgstr "" "al mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -10820,7 +10876,7 @@ msgstr "" "descargados cerca de 80<?latex\\,?>000 veces en 175 países." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." @@ -10829,7 +10885,7 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched para monografías es un ganar-ganar-ganar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -10851,7 +10907,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluyen desbloquear revistas especializadas y libros antiguos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -10872,12 +10928,12 @@ msgstr "" "al pasado pero moviéndose al futuro, una evolución en vez de una revolución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "Lumen Learning" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." @@ -10887,12 +10943,12 @@ msgstr "" "Fundada en 2013 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" @@ -10901,14 +10957,14 @@ msgstr "" "servicios personalizados, subsidios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 21 de diciembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" @@ -10917,12 +10973,12 @@ msgstr "" "Thanos, cofundadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -10967,7 +11023,7 @@ msgstr "" "financieramente sostenible. Es entonces cuando deciden crear Lumen Learning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -10987,7 +11043,7 @@ msgstr "" "usualmente no hay mucha flexibilidad para hacerlo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -11005,7 +11061,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo diferente de la sustentabilidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -11021,7 +11077,7 @@ msgstr "" "modificación y reutilización por otros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -11047,13 +11103,13 @@ msgstr "" "el estudiante. Lumen Learning ayuda a los colegios y universidades a:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" "reemplazar libros de texto costosos en cursos de gran matrícula con OER;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" @@ -11063,7 +11119,7 @@ msgstr "" "sistema de gestión de aprendizaje de la institución;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" @@ -11072,7 +11128,7 @@ msgstr "" "tasas de aprobación, persistencia y finalización de curso; y" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." @@ -11081,7 +11137,7 @@ msgstr "" "la investigación del éxito de los estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -11096,7 +11152,7 @@ msgstr "" "siguiendo los términos de las licencias Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -11111,7 +11167,7 @@ msgstr "" "dólares por estudiante suscrito para la institución." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -11125,7 +11181,7 @@ msgstr "" "Los cursos Waymaker tienen un costo de 25 dólares por estudiante matriculado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -11143,7 +11199,7 @@ msgstr "" "costosos con OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -11176,7 +11232,7 @@ msgstr "" "bienestar en la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -11199,7 +11255,7 @@ msgstr "" "que las facultades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -11222,7 +11278,7 @@ msgstr "" "una licencia Atribución (CC BY)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -11238,7 +11294,7 @@ msgstr "" "combinan diferentes OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -11259,7 +11315,7 @@ msgstr "" "haciendo que se muestren al final de cada página." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -11276,7 +11332,7 @@ msgstr "" "equipo de ventas de Lumen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -11300,7 +11356,7 @@ msgstr "" "Lumen, priorizan a los que tendrían efecto en el mayor número de estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -11319,7 +11375,7 @@ msgstr "" "que logren las metas de la institución, mientras Lumen se conserva próspera." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -11338,7 +11394,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad abierta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -11355,7 +11411,7 @@ msgstr "" "den de regreso algo que sea generoso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -11376,7 +11432,7 @@ msgstr "" "evolución y la mejora de los OER que estén usando." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -11393,7 +11449,7 @@ msgstr "" "lograr un balance correcto de todos estos factores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -11406,7 +11462,7 @@ msgstr "" "manera que sea entendible y repetible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -11427,7 +11483,7 @@ msgstr "" "En el futuro, su estrategia es reemplazar el financiamiento con ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -11446,12 +11502,12 @@ msgstr "" "nunca alejarse de ellos. Ciertamente, se trata de confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "Jonathan Mann" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." @@ -11460,7 +11516,7 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>el tipo de una-canción-al-día.</quote> Vive en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" @@ -11469,7 +11525,7 @@ msgstr "" "bandcamp.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -11481,14 +11537,14 @@ msgstr "" "musicales)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 22 de febrero " "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -11511,7 +11567,7 @@ msgstr "" "conferencistas presentaron en las sesiones de congresos importantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -11533,7 +11589,7 @@ msgstr "" "Magazine</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -11547,7 +11603,7 @@ msgstr "" "al-día.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -11566,7 +11622,7 @@ msgstr "" "en línea que simplemente escuchar archivos de audio." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -11596,7 +11652,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicarla por él." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -11615,7 +11671,7 @@ msgstr "" "canciones para ellos. Actualmente ésta es su principal ocupación productiva." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -11633,7 +11689,7 @@ msgstr "" "la producción de este libro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -11650,7 +11706,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo pudiera ser compartido</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -11671,7 +11727,7 @@ msgstr "" "del yo-yo, mío-mío ha socavado eso.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -11686,7 +11742,7 @@ msgstr "" "nada de eso</quote>, comentó Jonathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -11706,7 +11762,7 @@ msgstr "" "ingresos, que es componer canciones personalizadas a sus clientes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -11729,7 +11785,7 @@ msgstr "" "periodista, tradujo los conceptos técnicos en algo entendible." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -11759,7 +11815,7 @@ msgstr "" "satisfactorio. Me gusta perderme en el proceso.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -11772,7 +11828,7 @@ msgstr "" "y ha encontrado un medio para mantenerlo interesante para sí mismo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -11796,7 +11852,7 @@ msgstr "" "otros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -11815,7 +11871,7 @@ msgstr "" "principios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -11830,7 +11886,7 @@ msgstr "" "de mañana puede que sea mejor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -11846,7 +11902,7 @@ msgstr "" "Steve Jobs, dice que nunca se siente verdaderamente exitoso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -11858,12 +11914,12 @@ msgstr "" "habría ido.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "Noun Project" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -11874,12 +11930,12 @@ msgstr "" "Fundada en 2010 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" @@ -11888,14 +11944,14 @@ msgstr "" "transacción, cargos por servicios personalizados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 6 de octubre de " "2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" @@ -11903,7 +11959,7 @@ msgstr "" "cofundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -11914,7 +11970,7 @@ msgstr "" "las fronteras, lenguajes y culturas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -11930,7 +11986,7 @@ msgstr "" "imagen simple o un icono pequeño de cada objeto o concepto en el planeta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -11946,7 +12002,7 @@ msgstr "" "similares." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -11962,7 +12018,7 @@ msgstr "" "de diseñadores voluntarios alrededor del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" @@ -11971,7 +12027,7 @@ msgstr "" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -11991,7 +12047,7 @@ msgstr "" "potencial para ser algo más grande." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -12007,7 +12063,7 @@ msgstr "" "el mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -12025,7 +12081,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseñadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -12039,7 +12095,7 @@ msgstr "" "del contenido libre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -12065,7 +12121,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo en el dominio público." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -12087,7 +12143,7 @@ msgstr "" "foco.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -12102,7 +12158,7 @@ msgstr "" "para muchos diseñadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -12129,7 +12185,7 @@ msgstr "" "bueno para los usuarios, bueno para los creadores y bueno para la plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -12156,7 +12212,7 @@ msgstr "" "versión API Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -12167,7 +12223,7 @@ msgstr "" "para Noun Project." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -12189,15 +12245,15 @@ msgstr "" "usuario." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -12209,7 +12265,7 @@ msgstr "" "creadores acerca de eso porque construir confianza es la principal prioridad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -12223,7 +12279,7 @@ msgstr "" "el más exitoso de todos, suficiente para pagar la renta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -12249,7 +12305,7 @@ msgstr "" "acceder al mismo desde Lingo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -12263,7 +12319,7 @@ msgstr "" "educadores y otros quienes necesiten comunicar ideas visuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -12276,7 +12332,7 @@ msgstr "" "imágenes predefinidas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -12294,7 +12350,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante tener una misión más allá de hacer dinero." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -12307,7 +12363,7 @@ msgstr "" "dentro con una comunidad de usuarios y seguidores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -12326,7 +12382,7 @@ msgstr "" "iniciativas y continuar alimentándola.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -12339,7 +12395,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuarios también pueden buscar los iconos por el nombre del creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -12359,7 +12415,7 @@ msgstr "" "puedan ser usados por cualquiera gratuitamente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -12379,12 +12435,12 @@ msgstr "" "modelo ha sido clave para esa meta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "Open Data Institute" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -12395,12 +12451,12 @@ msgstr "" "datos. Fundada en 2012 en el Reino Unido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" @@ -12410,14 +12466,14 @@ msgstr "" "personalizados, donaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 11 de noviembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" @@ -12426,7 +12482,7 @@ msgstr "" "técnica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -12446,7 +12502,7 @@ msgstr "" "mundo a innovar con los datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -12471,7 +12527,7 @@ msgstr "" "al permitirles entender mejor qué es lo que está pasando alrededor de ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -12487,7 +12543,7 @@ msgstr "" "Continúa diciendo que el ODI quiere:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" @@ -12496,19 +12552,19 @@ msgstr "" "políticas de datos abiertos afectan esto;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" "desarrollar el caso del beneficio económico y el modelos de negocios para " "los datos abiertos;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "ayudar a los negocios del RU a usar los datos abiertos, y" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" @@ -12517,7 +12573,7 @@ msgstr "" "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12526,7 +12582,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -12545,7 +12601,7 @@ msgstr "" "abiertos para los ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -12561,7 +12617,7 @@ msgstr "" "mediante una inversión de $4.75 millones de la Omidyar Network." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -12577,7 +12633,7 @@ msgstr "" "Actualmente son 60." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -12593,7 +12649,7 @@ msgstr "" "complementarios en respuesta a las necesidades del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." @@ -12602,12 +12658,12 @@ msgstr "" "capacitación y servicios de asesoría." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -12634,7 +12690,7 @@ msgstr "" "web.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -12660,7 +12716,7 @@ msgstr "" "para que puedan asistir a los cursos como parte de su desarrollo profesional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -12678,7 +12734,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiende a generar gran interés y compromiso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -12694,7 +12750,7 @@ msgstr "" "temáticas principales y más de 750 asistentes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -12712,14 +12768,14 @@ msgstr "" "las organizaciones comerciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" "Del lado comercial, las siguiente proposiciones de valor parecen resonar:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -12731,7 +12787,7 @@ msgstr "" "datos también. Los datos abiertos son un tema candente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -12746,7 +12802,7 @@ msgstr "" "la autonomía organizativa." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -12760,7 +12816,7 @@ msgstr "" "y oportunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -12778,7 +12834,7 @@ msgstr "" "de crear <quote>nodos</quote> internacionales del ODI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -12800,7 +12856,7 @@ msgstr "" "usar la marca." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" @@ -12809,7 +12865,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -12822,7 +12878,7 @@ msgstr "" "id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -12841,12 +12897,12 @@ msgstr "" "eventos cara-a-cara." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -12864,7 +12920,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -12877,7 +12933,7 @@ msgstr "" "herramientas de datos abiertos y cómo implementarlos en escala." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -12890,7 +12946,7 @@ msgstr "" "en vez de crear <quote>licencias abiertas</quote> de su autoría." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -12924,7 +12980,7 @@ msgstr "" "completamente posible ser abierto, conseguir clientes y hacer dinero</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -12936,7 +12992,7 @@ msgstr "" "abril de 2016:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -12949,17 +13005,17 @@ msgstr "" "del ODI han generado desde su incorporación al programa ODI: £ 44.5 millones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "Número total de miembros activos y nodos alrededor del mundo: 1350." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "Ventas totales desde que comenzó el ODI: £7.44 millones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" @@ -12968,17 +13024,17 @@ msgstr "" "en persona y en línea: 2.2 millones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "Total de certificados de Open Data creados: 1510<?latex\\,?>00." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12987,12 +13043,12 @@ msgstr "" "comenzó: 5080.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "OpenDesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -13004,13 +13060,13 @@ msgstr "" "Reino Unido." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" @@ -13019,14 +13075,14 @@ msgstr "" "cuota de transacción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 4 de noviembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" @@ -13035,7 +13091,7 @@ msgstr "" "Steiner, cofundadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -13049,7 +13105,7 @@ msgstr "" "creador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -13081,7 +13137,7 @@ msgstr "" "de lucro, y Opendesk una compañía de lucro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -13095,7 +13151,7 @@ msgstr "" "todavía lejos del camino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -13118,7 +13174,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -13133,7 +13189,7 @@ msgstr "" "vendieran. Llegar a un modelo de negocios iba a ser complejo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -13144,7 +13200,7 @@ msgstr "" "decisiones tendrían en el modelo de negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -13160,12 +13216,12 @@ msgstr "" "quieren ser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -13179,7 +13235,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -13193,7 +13249,7 @@ msgstr "" "Opendesk escoja la licencia Atribución-NoComercial (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -13213,12 +13269,12 @@ msgstr "" "especificaciones en el archivo de diseño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -13240,7 +13296,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -13251,7 +13307,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el sitio web de Opendesk:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" @@ -13260,7 +13316,7 @@ msgstr "" "registrado, ellos pagan:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -13271,7 +13327,7 @@ msgstr "" "extra por ensamblado cargado por el creador)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" @@ -13280,7 +13336,7 @@ msgstr "" "al diseñador cada vez que su diseño es usado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -13291,7 +13347,7 @@ msgstr "" "construir nuestro mercado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -13305,7 +13361,7 @@ msgstr "" "relevante)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" @@ -13315,7 +13371,7 @@ msgstr "" "entrega externo asociado)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -13328,12 +13384,12 @@ msgstr "" "en sitio y los diseñadores podrían ofrecer opciones de diseño a la medida)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -13342,13 +13398,13 @@ msgstr "" "creador)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" "A continuación, se detalla cómo se crean las cotizaciones de los creadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -13371,7 +13427,7 @@ msgstr "" "manera:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" @@ -13381,27 +13437,27 @@ msgstr "" "ensamblado en sitio)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota por diseño: 8% del costo de manufactura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota de plataforma: 12% del costo de manufactura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "cuota de canal: 18% del costo de manufactura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "impuesto de venta: los aplicables (depende del producto y ubicación)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -13412,7 +13468,7 @@ msgstr "" "8% de Opendesk es más generoso y proporciona un mayor valor al diseñador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -13427,7 +13483,7 @@ msgstr "" "Actualmente, Opendesk representa una gran parte de sus negocios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -13445,7 +13501,7 @@ msgstr "" "piezas funcionales y reproducibles." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -13462,7 +13518,7 @@ msgstr "" "productos personalizados.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -13478,12 +13534,12 @@ msgstr "" "Opendesk de los objetos usuales producidos en masa de una tienda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -13503,7 +13559,7 @@ msgstr "" "prácticas de negocios que a ellos les gustaría que se usaran." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -13519,7 +13575,7 @@ msgstr "" "NoComercial (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" @@ -13528,22 +13584,22 @@ msgstr "" "considera usos comerciales y no comerciales. Su sitio web declara:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "Es inequívocamente uso comercial cuando alguien:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "cobra una cuota o tiene una ganancia cuando hace un Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "vende (o sustenta un servicio comercial basado en) un Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -13554,7 +13610,7 @@ msgstr "" "compensación monetaria. Por ejemplo, éstos califican como no comercial:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" @@ -13564,7 +13620,7 @@ msgstr "" "mobiliario por sí mismo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" @@ -13573,7 +13629,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativos o capacitación (y no intenta vender las piezas resultantes)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" @@ -13587,7 +13643,7 @@ msgstr "" "conforman, <ulink url=\"http://makerspace.hacedores.com/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -13610,7 +13666,7 @@ msgstr "" "intelectual." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -13625,7 +13681,7 @@ msgstr "" "involucrados mediante Opendesk en trabajo generador de ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -13637,12 +13693,12 @@ msgstr "" "ganan impulso y entonces tienen esperanza en las personas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "OpenStax" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -13654,12 +13710,12 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" @@ -13669,14 +13725,14 @@ msgstr "" "texto)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 16 de diciembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" @@ -13685,7 +13741,7 @@ msgstr "" "jefe." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -13709,7 +13765,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquiera, donde sea, en cualquier momento —sin costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -13731,7 +13787,7 @@ msgstr "" "volvió OpenStax College, ahora simplemente OpenStax." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -13755,7 +13811,7 @@ msgstr "" "por parte de los estudiantes y profesores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" @@ -13764,7 +13820,7 @@ msgstr "" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -13785,7 +13841,7 @@ msgstr "" "rápidamente. ¡Todo ello sin un departamento de ventas!" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -13803,7 +13859,7 @@ msgstr "" "acerca de estos libros de texto y que promuevan su uso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -13819,7 +13875,7 @@ msgstr "" "adecue a sus necesidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -13833,12 +13889,12 @@ msgstr "" "clave, y más." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -13854,7 +13910,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus libros de texto.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -13867,7 +13923,7 @@ msgstr "" "extensa red de asociados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -13888,7 +13944,7 @@ msgstr "" "requiriendo de la inversión filantrópica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -13909,7 +13965,7 @@ msgstr "" "WebAssign están disponibles para los alumnos por una cuota." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -13929,7 +13985,7 @@ msgstr "" "estos fondos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -13952,7 +14008,7 @@ msgstr "" "materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -13967,7 +14023,7 @@ msgstr "" "preexistentes. David espera compartir estos hallazgos con la comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -13988,7 +14044,7 @@ msgstr "" "operaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -14014,7 +14070,7 @@ msgstr "" "títulos impresos es prácticamente del cien por ciento." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -14032,7 +14088,7 @@ msgstr "" "ganancia justa en un tiempo razonable." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -14056,7 +14112,7 @@ msgstr "" "desde cero, un buen ejemplo de éste es su libro de biología." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -14090,7 +14146,7 @@ msgstr "" "muy laborioso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -14110,7 +14166,7 @@ msgstr "" "dinero por adelantado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -14129,7 +14185,7 @@ msgstr "" "BY da a los profesores control y libertad académica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -14150,7 +14206,7 @@ msgstr "" "compromiso y toma ventaja de las ineficiencias del mercado tradicional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" @@ -14160,29 +14216,29 @@ msgstr "" "vistazo</quote> de su reciente material para la prensa:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "Libros publicados: 23" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: $155 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el transcurso del ciclo académico " "2016–2017: $77 millones" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -14195,7 +14251,7 @@ msgstr "" "universidades, y 344 colegios y universidades fuera Estados Unidos.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -14209,7 +14265,7 @@ msgstr "" "internacional." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -14225,7 +14281,7 @@ msgstr "" "la carrera de enfermería, por ejemplo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -14248,23 +14304,23 @@ msgstr "" "alcanzarla." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "Amanda Palmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -14277,14 +14333,14 @@ msgstr "" "(presentaciones), venta de mercancía." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 15 de diciembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -14295,7 +14351,7 @@ msgstr "" "swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -14308,7 +14364,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -14322,7 +14378,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad, y vivir de eso haciéndolo.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -14340,7 +14396,7 @@ msgstr "" "seguir haciendo arte</quote>, dice Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -14369,7 +14425,7 @@ msgstr "" "manera que pudiera seguir haciendo arte.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -14390,7 +14446,7 @@ msgstr "" "masas nunca fue lo que Amanda y The Dresden Dolls querían hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -14413,7 +14469,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Kickstarter más exitosos de todos los tiempos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -14436,7 +14492,7 @@ msgstr "" "costo, bajo la licencia Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual (CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -14470,7 +14526,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo. Las licencias NoComercial le resultaron como hechas a la medida." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -14487,7 +14543,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir el disfrute de la música</quote>, dijo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -14506,7 +14562,7 @@ msgstr "" "escribió Amanda en <emphasis>The Art of Asking</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -14530,7 +14586,7 @@ msgstr "" "inmediato es una habilidad por sí misma,</quote> escribió Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -14551,7 +14607,7 @@ msgstr "" "legítimamente que la conocen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -14568,7 +14624,7 @@ msgstr "" "vulnerable casi siempre vale la pena</quote>, comentó Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -14587,7 +14643,7 @@ msgstr "" "que haces con los amigos: compartes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -14606,7 +14662,7 @@ msgstr "" "ti. Personas que se sienten involucradas en su éxito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -14623,7 +14679,7 @@ msgstr "" "de pertenencia a su <quote>pequeña y rara familia.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -14642,7 +14698,7 @@ msgstr "" "de canalizar energía en una forma que sea placentera para ti.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -14668,7 +14724,7 @@ msgstr "" "entonces el nexo se fortalece con la conexión humana." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -14687,7 +14743,7 @@ msgstr "" "genuinamente valioso para ellos.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -14706,12 +14762,12 @@ msgstr "" "forzar a la gente a ayudarla, los deja hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "PLOS (Biblioteca pública de ciencia)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -14722,12 +14778,12 @@ msgstr "" "y otra literatura científica. Fundada en el 2000 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" @@ -14737,21 +14793,21 @@ msgstr "" "en la revista." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 7 de marzo de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Louise Page, editor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -14780,7 +14836,7 @@ msgstr "" "Atribución (CC BY)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -14803,7 +14859,7 @@ msgstr "" "revista especializada o un artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -14827,7 +14883,7 @@ msgstr "" "la investigación y avance del campo. Era tiempo para un nuevo modelo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -14851,7 +14907,7 @@ msgstr "" "a la última investigación inmediatamente publicada." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -14876,7 +14932,7 @@ msgstr "" "figuras u otros elementos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -14896,7 +14952,7 @@ msgstr "" "que comenzó en 2006, están por debajo de los $1500." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -14908,7 +14964,7 @@ msgstr "" "procesamiento por artículo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -14942,7 +14998,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -14960,7 +15016,7 @@ msgstr "" "investigación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -14972,7 +15028,7 @@ msgstr "" "declaración de disponibilidad de datos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -14991,7 +15047,7 @@ msgstr "" "investigadores tienen opciones donde publicar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -15005,7 +15061,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluso cuando son relativamente nuevas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -15023,7 +15079,7 @@ msgstr "" "más descubrimientos y citas a los autores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -15039,7 +15095,7 @@ msgstr "" "Central, la primera editorial de acceso abierto, o incluso otras." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -15086,7 +15142,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicación de todo lo referente a la ciencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -15098,7 +15154,7 @@ msgstr "" "cambiar las prácticas actuales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -15112,7 +15168,7 @@ msgstr "" "inevitablemente más tiempo requerirá el proceso de aprobación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -15136,7 +15192,7 @@ msgstr "" "limitados al autor y la editorial." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -15150,7 +15206,7 @@ msgstr "" "veces que la rueda de la investigación se reinventa alrededor del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -15186,7 +15242,7 @@ msgstr "" "prepublicación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -15206,17 +15262,17 @@ msgstr "" "transformaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -15245,7 +15301,7 @@ msgstr "" "incluyendo una vía para los lectores para comunicarse con los autores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -15265,7 +15321,7 @@ msgstr "" "experimentación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -15285,7 +15341,7 @@ msgstr "" "135<?latex\\,?>000 artículos de calidad para su lectura sin costo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -15296,12 +15352,12 @@ msgstr "" "reproducible para el avance de la ciencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "Rijksmuseum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -15310,12 +15366,12 @@ msgstr "" "historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -15326,14 +15382,14 @@ msgstr "" "museo), venta de mercancía." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 11 de diciembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" @@ -15342,7 +15398,7 @@ msgstr "" "datos del Departamento de información sobre colecciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -15372,7 +15428,7 @@ msgstr "" "más abierto para el museo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -15400,7 +15456,7 @@ msgstr "" "catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -15418,12 +15474,12 @@ msgstr "" "por qué no poner toda la colección en línea?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -15449,7 +15505,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rijksmuseum debería seguir el ejemplo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -15474,7 +15530,7 @@ msgstr "" "los niños en edad escolar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -15501,7 +15557,7 @@ msgstr "" "que tuvieron varios debates feroces sobre qué hacer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -15523,7 +15579,7 @@ msgstr "" "tener toda la colección en Internet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -15552,7 +15608,7 @@ msgstr "" "museo físicamente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -15569,7 +15625,7 @@ msgstr "" "generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -15595,12 +15651,12 @@ msgstr "" "proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del museo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -15618,7 +15674,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -15641,7 +15697,7 @@ msgstr "" "comerciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -15655,7 +15711,7 @@ msgstr "" "exámenes escolares." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -15677,7 +15733,7 @@ msgstr "" "público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" @@ -15686,7 +15742,7 @@ msgstr "" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -15710,7 +15766,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -15723,7 +15779,7 @@ msgstr "" "award-2015\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" @@ -15732,7 +15788,7 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -15765,7 +15821,7 @@ msgstr "" "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -15777,7 +15833,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -15794,7 +15850,7 @@ msgstr "" "\\,?>000." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -15819,7 +15875,7 @@ msgstr "" "desconocida para la comunidad científica al momento de la pintura." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -15856,12 +15912,12 @@ msgstr "" "acompañarte y ayudarte.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "Shareable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" @@ -15869,12 +15925,12 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" @@ -15883,14 +15939,14 @@ msgstr "" "financiamiento comunitario (basado en proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de febrero " "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" @@ -15899,7 +15955,7 @@ msgstr "" "y editor ejecutivo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -15922,7 +15978,7 @@ msgstr "" "seguir la corriente o mantenerse fiel a sus principios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -15946,7 +16002,7 @@ msgstr "" "</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -15964,7 +16020,7 @@ msgstr "" "están recibiendo ahora.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -15986,7 +16042,7 @@ msgstr "" "y continuó ganando audiencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -16009,7 +16065,7 @@ msgstr "" "calentamiento global." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -16031,7 +16087,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus lectores a realizar cambios en sus propias vidas y comunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -16059,7 +16115,7 @@ msgstr "" "por la red es licenciado con Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -16087,7 +16143,7 @@ msgstr "" "audiencias más grandes que las nuestras.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -16107,7 +16163,7 @@ msgstr "" "dos de los mayores generadores de tráfico en su sitio web." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -16121,7 +16177,7 @@ msgstr "" "recaudación de fondos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -16141,7 +16197,7 @@ msgstr "" "visión del mundo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -16165,7 +16221,7 @@ msgstr "" "corazón.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -16186,7 +16242,7 @@ msgstr "" "de los participantes fue gente de su base existente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -16200,7 +16256,7 @@ msgstr "" "recursos en construir relaciones entre sus lectores y seguidores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -16232,7 +16288,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencia CC en 2017 lleno de ideas para que las implemente su red." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -16245,12 +16301,12 @@ msgstr "" "gente para que tome las ideas y las adapte a sus propias comunidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "Siyavula" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -16260,12 +16316,12 @@ msgstr "" "integra experiencias de aprendizaje. Fundada en 2012 en Sudáfrica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" @@ -16274,19 +16330,19 @@ msgstr "" "servicios personalizados, patrocinios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 5 de abril de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -16302,7 +16358,7 @@ msgstr "" "Sudáfrica." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -16315,7 +16371,7 @@ msgstr "" "sobrevivir y prosperar. Mark dice que ha sido muy orgánico." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -16332,12 +16388,12 @@ msgstr "" "editarlos y ponerlos disponibles libremente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -16357,7 +16413,7 @@ msgstr "" "ciencias físicas para los grados 10° a 12°." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -16374,7 +16430,7 @@ msgstr "" "profundo orgullo por este logro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -16388,12 +16444,12 @@ msgstr "" "cubrir las necesidades." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -16413,7 +16469,7 @@ msgstr "" "todos los temas del K-12 en inglés. Ese proyecto se volvió Siyavula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -16429,7 +16485,7 @@ msgstr "" "mas allá de los seis libros iniciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -16458,12 +16514,12 @@ msgstr "" "seguros para compartir y libres de repercusiones legales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -16483,7 +16539,7 @@ msgstr "" "vez fueron editados." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -16497,7 +16553,7 @@ msgstr "" "un <emphasis>fellow</emphasis> de Shuttleworth." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -16515,7 +16571,7 @@ msgstr "" "lograron realmente funcionar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -16532,7 +16588,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativos abiertos, vieron esto como una gran oportunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -16550,7 +16606,7 @@ msgstr "" "dispositivo —computadora, tableta o teléfono móvil." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -16575,7 +16631,7 @@ msgstr "" "en los libros de texto abiertos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -16588,7 +16644,7 @@ msgstr "" "dirigido únicamente a la parte más pudiente del mercado." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -16606,7 +16662,7 @@ msgstr "" "involuntariamente llegó sólo para los estudiantes de bajos ingresos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -16625,7 +16681,7 @@ msgstr "" "hablaba de una necesidad particular que estaban atendiendo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -16643,7 +16699,7 @@ msgstr "" "mercado, además del precio y qué barreras hay para el acceso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -16656,7 +16712,7 @@ msgstr "" "servicio relacionado y convertir algunas personas en clientes de pago." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -16673,7 +16729,7 @@ msgstr "" "quienes cobran una y otra vez por el mismo contenido sin agregar valor." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -16695,7 +16751,7 @@ msgstr "" "escuelas donde los departamentos de matemáticas y de ciencias se suscriben." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -16713,7 +16769,7 @@ msgstr "" "cómo va mejorando su desempeño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -16729,12 +16785,12 @@ msgstr "" "creados para los grados 4° a 6° y después para los grados 7° a 9°." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -16749,7 +16805,7 @@ msgstr "" "plan de estudios completo, incluyendo guías para docentes y otros recursos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -16770,7 +16826,7 @@ msgstr "" "estudiantes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -16787,7 +16843,7 @@ msgstr "" "(CC BY), permitiendo a otros modificar y redistribuir los libros." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -16809,7 +16865,7 @@ msgstr "" "gobierno se negó." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -16829,7 +16885,7 @@ msgstr "" "permitió mantenerse independientes del gobierno." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -16845,7 +16901,7 @@ msgstr "" "potenciales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -16866,7 +16922,7 @@ msgstr "" "usa Siyavula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -16880,7 +16936,7 @@ msgstr "" "conflictiva y está en el limbo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -16896,7 +16952,7 @@ msgstr "" "personales que Intelligent Practice recolecta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -16924,12 +16980,12 @@ msgstr "" "ambos, él y la compañía, son más fuertes por eso." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "SparkFun" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -16938,12 +16994,12 @@ msgstr "" "hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" @@ -16952,21 +17008,21 @@ msgstr "" "físicas (ventas de componentes electrónicos)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 29 de febrero " "de 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Entrevistado</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, fundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -16981,7 +17037,7 @@ msgstr "" "fue de júbilo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -16994,7 +17050,7 @@ msgstr "" "mundo,</quote> dijo Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -17012,7 +17068,7 @@ msgstr "" "copiados es parte del diseño." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -17031,7 +17087,7 @@ msgstr "" "se considera como su propiedad intelectual." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -17044,7 +17100,7 @@ msgstr "" "una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -17063,7 +17119,7 @@ msgstr "" "serlo para nosotros, es lo mejor para los clientes</quote>, dijo Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -17082,7 +17138,7 @@ msgstr "" "dijo Nathan. <quote>Esto es con lo que deberían competir.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -17098,13 +17154,13 @@ msgstr "" "componentes electrónicos, y se dio cuenta de que había un vacío en el " "mercado. <quote>Si alguien quería hacer una solicitud de algo,</quote> dijo, " "<quote>primero tenía que buscar por todas partes para encontrarlo, y luego " -"tenía que llamar o enviar un fax a alguien.</quote> <?latex \\par ?>En 2013, durante su " -"tercer año de universidad, registró <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/>, y " -"empezó a revender productos desde su dormitorio. Después de graduarse, " -"empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos." +"tenía que llamar o enviar un fax a alguien.</quote> <?latex \\par ?>En " +"2013, durante su tercer año de universidad, registró <ulink url=\"http://" +"sparkfun.com\"/>, y empezó a revender productos desde su dormitorio. Después " +"de graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -17122,7 +17178,7 @@ msgstr "" "diagramas y <emphasis>firmware</emphasis> para los productos que crean." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -17133,14 +17189,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "La compañía ha crecido de ser un proyecto manejado por una sola persona, " "hasta convertirse en una corporación con 140 empleados. En 2015, Sparkfun " -"registró 33 millones de dólares en ingresos. <?latex \\par ?>" -"Vender componentes y dispositivos a aficionados, profesionales y artistas " -"sigue siendo una gran parte del negocio de SparkFun. Venden sus propios " -"productos, pero también están asociados con Arduino (también perfilado en " -"este libro) para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino." +"registró 33 millones de dólares en ingresos. <?latex \\par ?>Vender " +"componentes y dispositivos a aficionados, profesionales y artistas sigue " +"siendo una gran parte del negocio de SparkFun. Venden sus propios productos, " +"pero también están asociados con Arduino (también perfilado en este libro) " +"para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -17156,7 +17212,7 @@ msgstr "" "esto es una extensión natural de su negocio central." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -17168,7 +17224,7 @@ msgstr "" "\\,?>000 estudiantes preuniversitarios para el 2020</quote>, dijo Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -17190,7 +17246,7 @@ msgstr "" "licenciamiento." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -17209,7 +17265,7 @@ msgstr "" "la semana y abren sus puertas al público una vez al año para una competencia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -17228,16 +17284,16 @@ msgstr "" "clientes y entusiastas de la tecnología de los alrededores a una carrera " "entre sus propios <emphasis>bots</emphasis>, a participar en talleres de " "entrenamiento y socializar. Desde una perspectiva de negocio, Nathan dice " -"que es una idea terrible. <?latex \\par ?> Pero ellos no realizan el evento por razones de " -"negocio. <quote>La razón por la que lo hacemos es porque yo viajo e " -"interactúo con nuestros clientes todo el tiempo, pero la mayoría de nuestros " -"empleados no</quote>, dijo. <quote>Este evento le da a nuestros empleados la " -"oportunidad de tener un contacto cara a cara con nuestros clientes.</quote> " -"El evento brinda a su trabajo un elemento humano, lo cual lo hace más " -"significativo." +"que es una idea terrible. <?latex \\par ?> Pero ellos no realizan el evento " +"por razones de negocio. <quote>La razón por la que lo hacemos es porque yo " +"viajo e interactúo con nuestros clientes todo el tiempo, pero la mayoría de " +"nuestros empleados no</quote>, dijo. <quote>Este evento le da a nuestros " +"empleados la oportunidad de tener un contacto cara a cara con nuestros " +"clientes.</quote> El evento brinda a su trabajo un elemento humano, lo cual " +"lo hace más significativo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -17257,7 +17313,7 @@ msgstr "" "resultado financiero." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -17272,7 +17328,7 @@ msgstr "" "personas que vienen a su sitio no sólo encuentren contenido sin cambios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -17296,7 +17352,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nathan" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -17317,7 +17373,7 @@ msgstr "" "dijo Nathan. <quote>Eso no es realmente cierto.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -17337,7 +17393,7 @@ msgstr "" "partir de nuestros diseños</quote>, dijo Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -17356,19 +17412,19 @@ msgstr "" "valor. En lugar de diseñar un nuevo producto y protegerlo para extraer tanto " "dinero como sea posible, también liberan las llaves necesarias para que " "otros lo construyan por ellos mismos y luego utilizan el tiempo y los " -"recursos de la compañía en innovación y servicio. <?latex \\par ?>Desde una perspectiva a " -"corto plazo, SparkFun puede perder unos pocos dólares cuando otras personas " -"copian sus productos. Pero a largo plazo, esto los hace un negocio más ágil " -"e innovador. En otras palabras, los hace el tipo de compañía que se " -"propusieron ser." +"recursos de la compañía en innovación y servicio. <?latex \\par ?>Desde una " +"perspectiva a corto plazo, SparkFun puede perder unos pocos dólares cuando " +"otras personas copian sus productos. Pero a largo plazo, esto los hace un " +"negocio más ágil e innovador. En otras palabras, los hace el tipo de " +"compañía que se propusieron ser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "TeachAIDS" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -17379,24 +17435,24 @@ msgstr "" "SIDA. Fundada en 2005 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: patrocinios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 24 de marzo de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" @@ -17405,7 +17461,7 @@ msgstr "" "Shuman Ghosemajumder, el presidente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -17418,7 +17474,7 @@ msgstr "" "los materiales educativos que distribuye TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -17444,7 +17500,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -17484,7 +17540,7 @@ msgstr "" "recibiendo únicamente pedazos de información." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -17507,7 +17563,7 @@ msgstr "" "crear una educación eficaz, culturalmente apropiada</quote>, dijo Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -17519,7 +17575,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons en los materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -17549,7 +17605,7 @@ msgstr "" "protegiéndonos al mismo tiempo.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -17566,7 +17622,7 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>La investigación impulsa todo lo que hacemos.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -17583,7 +17639,7 @@ msgstr "" "para cada versión adaptada de los materiales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -17611,7 +17667,7 @@ msgstr "" "información proveniente de alguien de su mismo género." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -17641,7 +17697,7 @@ msgstr "" "ciclo 11 veces." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -17678,7 +17734,7 @@ msgstr "" "puedas apretar un botón y funcionen.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -17705,7 +17761,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo altamente efectivo era hacerlo completamente gratuito.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -17727,7 +17783,7 @@ msgstr "" "educativo. Todo el contenido permanece bajo la marca de TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -17747,7 +17803,7 @@ msgstr "" "ricos</quote>, comentó Shuman." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -17773,7 +17829,7 @@ msgstr "" "inversión en un patrocinio puede beneficiar a la marca por muchos años." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -17791,7 +17847,7 @@ msgstr "" "hecho de que han patrocinado estas iniciativas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -17809,12 +17865,12 @@ msgstr "" "comentó Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "Tribe of Noise" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -17825,19 +17881,19 @@ msgstr "" "fundada en 2008 en los Países Bajos (Holanda)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 26 de enero de " "2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" @@ -17846,7 +17902,7 @@ msgstr "" "cofundador." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -17865,7 +17921,7 @@ msgstr "" "y Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -17885,7 +17941,7 @@ msgstr "" "era suficientemente fácil de encontrar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -17905,7 +17961,7 @@ msgstr "" "decidieron a construir una plataforma." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -17921,7 +17977,7 @@ msgstr "" "negocio musicales requiere de una relación de confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -17937,12 +17993,12 @@ msgstr "" "experimentado personalmente para encontrarla." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -17965,7 +18021,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -18005,7 +18061,7 @@ msgstr "" "días.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -18032,7 +18088,7 @@ msgstr "" "Bélgica y Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -18048,12 +18104,12 @@ msgstr "" "como presentan el ejemplo en su sitio Web:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -18076,7 +18132,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -18097,7 +18153,7 @@ msgstr "" "canción." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -18119,7 +18175,7 @@ msgstr "" "posible mejor acuerdo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -18136,7 +18192,7 @@ msgstr "" "limpios." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -18149,7 +18205,7 @@ msgstr "" "área comunitaria." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -18165,7 +18221,7 @@ msgstr "" "of Noise Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -18187,7 +18243,7 @@ msgstr "" "la plataforma que genuinamente se involucra con ellos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -18205,7 +18261,7 @@ msgstr "" "comprendiendo lo que quieren y creando una canción que cubra dicha necesidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -18230,7 +18286,7 @@ msgstr "" "ASCAP o BMI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -18262,7 +18318,7 @@ msgstr "" "sin tener que enfrentar batallas legales." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -18284,12 +18340,12 @@ msgstr "" "basado en la confianza." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "Fundación Wikimedia" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -18298,24 +18354,24 @@ msgstr "" "Wikipedia y sus proyectos hermanos. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Modelo de ingresos</emphasis>: donaciones." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Fecha de la entrevista</emphasis>: 18 de diciembre " "de 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" @@ -18324,12 +18380,12 @@ msgstr "" "de Compromiso Comunitario, y Stephen LaPorte, asesor legal." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "Casi cualquier persona con una presencia en línea conoce la Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -18344,7 +18400,7 @@ msgstr "" "las personas reutilizarlo y adaptarlo para cualquier propósito." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -18355,7 +18411,7 @@ msgstr "" "artículo de la Wikipedia acerca de la Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -18382,7 +18438,7 @@ msgstr "" "y varios miles que no están conectados con alguna organización en particular." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -18396,7 +18452,7 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración humana." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -18413,7 +18469,7 @@ msgstr "" "sin precedentes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -18437,7 +18493,7 @@ msgstr "" "hechas cada hora." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -18480,7 +18536,7 @@ msgstr "" "fundación fue destinado al soporte directo para los sitios de Wikimedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -18510,7 +18566,7 @@ msgstr "" "parte del tiempo, la gente quiere hacer lo correcto." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -18534,7 +18590,7 @@ msgstr "" "proteger no es siempre lo mejor para todos.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" @@ -18543,7 +18599,7 @@ msgstr "" "mistakes/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -18579,7 +18635,7 @@ msgstr "" "comentó Stephen. <quote>Todos contribuyen.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -18599,7 +18655,7 @@ msgstr "" "donadores." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -18619,7 +18675,7 @@ msgstr "" "miradas, ellos están bien." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -18638,7 +18694,7 @@ msgstr "" "que hace la fundación." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -18651,7 +18707,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus lectores. También infunde confianza en su comunidad." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -18664,7 +18720,7 @@ msgstr "" "motivar un movimiento entero</quote>, nos dijo Stephen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -18680,13 +18736,13 @@ msgstr "" # "<?latex \\renewcommand{\\chapter}[1]{\\part*{#1}} ?>" # "<?latex \\appendix \\renewcommand{\\thechapter}{\\,} ?>" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "Bibliografía" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -18696,8 +18752,8 @@ msgstr "" "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." @@ -18706,15 +18762,15 @@ msgstr "" "Something for Nothing, reimpresión con nuevo prefacio. Nueva York: Hyperion, " "2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" "Chris Anderson. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. Nueva York: Signal, " "2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." @@ -18722,8 +18778,8 @@ msgstr "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. Nueva York: Harper Perennial, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." @@ -18731,8 +18787,8 @@ msgstr "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2a. Ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -18744,8 +18800,8 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licenciado bajo " "CC BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -18755,8 +18811,8 @@ msgstr "" "Cachan, Francia: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare." "net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -18768,8 +18824,8 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18777,8 +18833,8 @@ msgstr "" "David Bollier. <emphasis>Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the " "Life of the Commons</emphasis>. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -18796,8 +18852,8 @@ msgstr "" "información, vea <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-" "capital-commons\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." @@ -18805,8 +18861,8 @@ msgstr "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." @@ -18814,8 +18870,8 @@ msgstr "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. Nueva York: Harper Business, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." @@ -18823,8 +18879,8 @@ msgstr "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." @@ -18832,8 +18888,8 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licenciado bajo " "CC BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." @@ -18841,8 +18897,8 @@ msgstr "" "Capra, Fritjof, y Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." @@ -18850,8 +18906,8 @@ msgstr "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." @@ -18859,8 +18915,8 @@ msgstr "" "Henry Chesbrough. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -18876,8 +18932,8 @@ msgstr "" "sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-" "for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " @@ -18887,8 +18943,8 @@ msgstr "" "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Capítulo 2 en Frischmann, " "Madison, y Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -18896,8 +18952,8 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." @@ -18905,8 +18961,8 @@ msgstr "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -18918,8 +18974,8 @@ msgstr "" "url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" ">." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -18931,8 +18987,8 @@ msgstr "" "Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress." "ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." @@ -18940,8 +18996,8 @@ msgstr "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "Nueva York: Portfolio, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " @@ -18950,8 +19006,8 @@ msgstr "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Cap. 11 en Elliott y Hepting, Free Knowledge." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -18963,8 +19019,8 @@ msgstr "" "2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." @@ -18972,8 +19028,8 @@ msgstr "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." @@ -18981,8 +19037,8 @@ msgstr "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, y Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " @@ -18992,8 +19048,8 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Cap. 1 en Frischmann, Madison, y " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." @@ -19001,8 +19057,8 @@ msgstr "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reimpresión " "con nuevo epílogo. Nueva York: Portfolio, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." @@ -19010,8 +19066,8 @@ msgstr "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. Nueva " "York: Viking, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." @@ -19019,8 +19075,8 @@ msgstr "" "Haiven, Max. <emphasis>Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, " "Creativity and the Commons</emphasis>. Nueva York: Zed Books, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." @@ -19028,8 +19084,8 @@ msgstr "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." @@ -19037,8 +19093,8 @@ msgstr "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." @@ -19046,8 +19102,8 @@ msgstr "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. Nueva York: " "Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." @@ -19055,8 +19111,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2a ed. Vintage " "Books. Nueva York: Vintage Books, 2007." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." @@ -19064,8 +19120,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. Nueva York: Crown, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." @@ -19073,8 +19129,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." @@ -19082,8 +19138,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. Nueva York: Workman, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." @@ -19091,8 +19147,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "Nueva York: Workman, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." @@ -19100,8 +19156,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. Nueva " "York: Morgan James, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -19111,8 +19167,8 @@ msgstr "" "Internet.</quote> BBC News, 3 de marzo, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc." "com/news/technology-35709680\"/>" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." @@ -19120,8 +19176,8 @@ msgstr "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. Nueva York: Penguin Press, 2008." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -19129,8 +19185,8 @@ msgstr "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." @@ -19138,8 +19194,8 @@ msgstr "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. Nueva York: Farrar, " "Straus y Giroux, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -19149,8 +19205,8 @@ msgstr "" "People Share Online? Nueva York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " "2011. <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -19160,8 +19216,8 @@ msgstr "" "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Un avance del libro está disponible en <ulink url=" "\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -19173,8 +19229,8 @@ msgstr "" "libro está disponible en <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" "proposition-design\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." @@ -19182,8 +19238,8 @@ msgstr "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. Nueva York: Grand Central, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -19197,8 +19253,8 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(licenciado bajo CC BY-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -19210,8 +19266,8 @@ msgstr "" "academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/>(licenciado " "bajo CC BY-NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -19223,8 +19279,8 @@ msgstr "" "Media, 2001. Véase especialmente <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink " "url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -19234,8 +19290,8 @@ msgstr "" "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Nueva York: Crown " "Business, 2011." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -19245,16 +19301,16 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. Nueva York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" "Rowe, Jonathan. <emphasis>Our Common Wealth</emphasis>. San Francisco: " "Berrett-Koehler, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." @@ -19262,8 +19318,8 @@ msgstr "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. Nueva York: Portfolio, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." @@ -19271,8 +19327,8 @@ msgstr "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. Nueva " "York: Farrar, Straus y Giroux, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." @@ -19280,8 +19336,8 @@ msgstr "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. Londres, Inglaterra: Penguin Books, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." @@ -19289,8 +19345,8 @@ msgstr "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. Nueva York: OR " "Books, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." @@ -19298,8 +19354,8 @@ msgstr "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "Nueva York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." @@ -19307,8 +19363,8 @@ msgstr "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. Nueva York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." @@ -19316,8 +19372,8 @@ msgstr "" "Sull, Donald, y Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." @@ -19325,14 +19381,14 @@ msgstr "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. Nueva York: Anchor Books, 2005." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -19342,8 +19398,8 @@ msgstr "" "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." @@ -19351,8 +19407,8 @@ msgstr "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. Nueva York: Simon y Schuster, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." @@ -19360,8 +19416,8 @@ msgstr "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -19375,8 +19431,8 @@ msgstr "" "Design and Fashion; y la Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -19386,8 +19442,8 @@ msgstr "" "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -19397,8 +19453,8 @@ msgstr "" "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licenciado bajo CC BY-" "NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." @@ -19406,13 +19462,13 @@ msgstr "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "Agradecimientos" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -19426,8 +19482,8 @@ msgstr "" "especial a la Fundación William and Flora Hewlett por el financiamiento " "inicial que nos permitió empezar este proyecto." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -19437,8 +19493,8 @@ msgstr "" "con Creative Commons</emphasis> por compartir sus historias con nosotros. " "Ustedes hacen que los comunes tengan vida. Gracias por la inspiración." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -19453,8 +19509,8 @@ msgstr "" "animamos a nuestros lectores a que visiten sus sitios web y exploren su " "trabajo." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -19467,8 +19523,8 @@ msgstr "" "borradores de este trabajo y nos ofrecieron una retroalimentación " "invaluable. Gracias de todo corazón a todos ustedes." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -19560,8 +19616,8 @@ msgstr "" "Wayne Mackintosh, William Peter Nash, Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, " "Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/fr/mwcc.po b/po/fr/mwcc.po index 9820086..38cd84a 100644 --- a/po/fr/mwcc.po +++ b/po/fr/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-06-12 13:18-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-12 11:52+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Nathan <bonnemainsnathan@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: French <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ msgid "en" msgstr "fr" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Créé avec Creative Commons" @@ -64,7 +65,8 @@ msgid "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" msgstr "Université autonome de Mexico" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -96,8 +98,8 @@ msgstr "© 2017 par la fondation Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44 msgid "" -"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA), version 4.0." +"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" +"SA), version 4.0." msgstr "" "Publié avec une attribution Creative Commons-Licence ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), " "version 4.0." @@ -111,7 +113,8 @@ msgstr "ISBN : A-DEFINIR (PDF), A-DEFINIR (ePub), A-DEFINIR (Paperback)" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 -msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +msgid "" +"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." msgstr "" "Illustrations par Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." @@ -145,9 +148,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66 msgid "" -"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink " -"url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations " -"are maintained on <ulink " +"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink " "url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any " "error in the book, please let us know via Gitlab or Weblate." msgstr "" @@ -194,8 +196,7 @@ msgid "" "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives." +"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution> @@ -217,14 +218,14 @@ msgid "" "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red " -"herring.</quote>" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" "Il y a trois ans, juste après que je sois employé en tant que PDG de " "Creative Commons, j'ai rencontré Cory Doctorow dans le bar de l'hôtel " "Gladstone à Toronto. En tant que l'un des promoteur de CC les plus connus- " -"qui a réussi une carrière d'écrivain partageant sont travail en utilisant CC-" -" je lui ai dis que je pensais que CC avait un rôle dans la définition et " +"qui a réussi une carrière d'écrivain partageant sont travail en utilisant " +"CC- je lui ai dis que je pensais que CC avait un rôle dans la définition et " "dans la progression des modèles \"open business\". Il a gentiment nié, " "préférant la poursuite des modèles de business viable via CC<quote>une " "fausse piste.</quote>" @@ -236,8 +237,8 @@ msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " "<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " -"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " -"profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "Il avait, dans un sens, complètement raison-ceux qui font des choses avec " "Creative Commons ont d'autres motivations, comme Paul Stacey l'explique dans " @@ -323,9 +324,8 @@ msgid "" "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " "sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our " -"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, " -"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating " -"more." +"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-" +"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " -"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC " -"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " +"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-" +"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " "itself, an example of an open business model." msgstr "" @@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:253 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of " -"Cyberspace</quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a " -"place. People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " "experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " "experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " "game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " @@ -489,10 +489,9 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " -"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral " -"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and " -"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the " -"literature." +"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—" +"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote " +"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -516,10 +515,10 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:322 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something " -"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and " -"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with " -"Creative Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -549,19 +548,18 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " -"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main " -"parts." +"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:354 msgid "" -"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by " -"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, " -"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared " -"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking " -"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing " -"and enlarging the digital commons." +"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " +"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " +"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the " +"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market " +"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -573,8 +571,7 @@ msgid "" "of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section " "outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed " "bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their " -"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they " -"share." +"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -634,7 +631,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:417 -msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -645,8 +643,8 @@ msgid "" "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " -"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " -"calligraphy.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> @@ -679,8 +677,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " -"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " +"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " "profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons " "involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a " "collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -704,8 +702,8 @@ msgstr "" msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " -"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms " -"today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> @@ -719,18 +717,19 @@ msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " "state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate " -"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or " -"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part " -"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All " -"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the " -"market or state." +"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the " +"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate " +"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or " +"state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -767,7 +766,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" @@ -777,7 +777,12 @@ msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -814,9 +819,9 @@ msgid "" "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the " "biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and " -"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and " -"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the " -"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter." +"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. " +"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " +"the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -826,11 +831,13 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" @@ -848,9 +855,9 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:569 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " -"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " -"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or " -"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential." +"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" +"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, " +"which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> @@ -883,9 +890,8 @@ msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " -"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially " -"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and " -"abundant." +"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " +"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> @@ -904,21 +910,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state " -"citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common " -"wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -926,7 +932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -937,7 +943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -948,14 +954,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -972,22 +978,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -995,7 +1002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1005,7 +1012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1013,28 +1020,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " "defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against " "the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not " -"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and " -"sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1043,16 +1050,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " -"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl " -"H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1063,7 +1070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1074,7 +1081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1085,7 +1092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1094,12 +1101,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1110,17 +1117,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " -"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " -"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of " -"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " +"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " +"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the " +"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " "history." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1128,7 +1135,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1136,27 +1143,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1164,64 +1172,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " "commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " "<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " -"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " -"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " -"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources " -"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies " -"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money " -"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws " -"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and " -"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a " -"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how " -"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed." +"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " +"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " +"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " +"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " +"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " -"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in " -"1968. Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal " -"gain and will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are " -"reached. The commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can " -"no longer support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an " -"economic truism and a justification for private property and free markets." +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1229,7 +1239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1249,11 +1259,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " -"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " -"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " +"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" +"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " "found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and " "encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help " "people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, " @@ -1262,28 +1272,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " "known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an " -"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and " -"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a " -"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make " -"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual " -"market norms and rules to be applied." +"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. " +"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for " +"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources " +"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and " +"rules to be applied." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1292,22 +1302,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1315,12 +1326,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1328,12 +1339,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1341,28 +1352,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" -"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to " -"others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1379,16 +1390,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " -"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1401,7 +1412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1409,14 +1420,14 @@ msgid "" "participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, " "books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily " "created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for " -"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright " -"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by " -"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " +"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. " +"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law " +"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1424,7 +1435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1434,12 +1445,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1450,20 +1461,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " -"30, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>." +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " -"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " -"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and " -"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " +"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " +"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are " +"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " "permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly " "understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer " "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " @@ -1475,7 +1486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1485,14 +1496,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1504,21 +1515,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " -"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative " -"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant " -"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange " -"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " +"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " +"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits " +"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a " +"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " "software movement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1528,15 +1539,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " -"September 24, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1550,22 +1561,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1581,15 +1592,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " -"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink " -"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1599,25 +1610,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " "for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" -"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink " -"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." +"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" +">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" +"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1630,14 +1642,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1646,8 +1658,8 @@ msgid "" "market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business " "seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons " "or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about " -"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our " -"lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " +"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " "interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the " "sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the " "sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The " @@ -1657,7 +1669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1665,21 +1677,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an " -"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly " -"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital " -"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything " -"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1694,7 +1706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1702,19 +1714,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " "abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of " -"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are " -"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models " -"and practice." +"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each " +"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and " +"practice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1723,7 +1735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1731,15 +1743,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " -"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), " -"8–9." +"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1754,44 +1765,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" +"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " -"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model " -"is. Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving " -"470 coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for " -"talking about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" -"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." +"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" +"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " -"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. " -"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1799,38 +1810,38 @@ msgid "" "own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " "business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " "market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " -"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits " -"in.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas " -"proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their " -"economic model." +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the " -"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a " -"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources " -"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or " -"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with " -"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been " -"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a " -"predefined model." +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " +"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " +"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " +"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " -"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1838,19 +1849,19 @@ msgid "" "but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " "services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " "to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " -"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised " -"ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying " -"revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1859,7 +1870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1869,21 +1880,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " -"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " -"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front " -"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no " -"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM " -"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to " -"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way " -"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and " -"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." +"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " +"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " +"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " +"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " +"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " +"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1897,15 +1908,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " -"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), " -"31–44." +"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" +"44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1913,21 +1924,21 @@ msgid "" "original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " "deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate " "them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely " -"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an " -"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new " -"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the " -"resources and the relationship with the community." +"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization " +"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb " +"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and " +"the relationship with the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" -"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is " -"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go " -"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no " -"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are " -"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " +"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " +"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " +"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders " +"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often " +"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " "distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being " "globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The " "digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and " @@ -1935,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1950,7 +1961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1966,7 +1977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1975,12 +1986,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1993,7 +2004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2003,7 +2014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2015,7 +2026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2025,7 +2036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2034,7 +2045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2042,14 +2053,14 @@ msgid "" "we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set " "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " -"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are " -"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop " -"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be " -"transparent. Defend the commons." +"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2060,7 +2071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2071,17 +2082,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2094,12 +2105,11 @@ msgid "" "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " "endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a " -"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of " -"it." +"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2111,7 +2121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2119,19 +2129,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " "were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want " -"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could " -"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to " -"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business " -"lens." +"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. " +"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book " +"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2139,20 +2148,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " -"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value " -"always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we " -"heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in " -"our interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it " -"to mean.</quote>" +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2161,7 +2170,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2173,7 +2182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2186,7 +2195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2196,7 +2205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2211,7 +2220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2225,7 +2234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2235,20 +2244,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " -"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " "dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " "is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " "and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " @@ -2257,7 +2266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2269,7 +2278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2281,7 +2290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2289,7 +2298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2302,12 +2311,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2322,7 +2331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2330,26 +2339,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " -"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute " -"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been " -"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical " -"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there " -"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, " -"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like " -"touring or custom training." +"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical " +"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. " +"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, " +"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole " +"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even " +"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring " +"or custom training." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2359,15 +2368,15 @@ msgid "" "never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " "your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " "associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " "themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " "lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2382,7 +2391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2392,7 +2401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2400,90 +2409,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " "<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " -"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at " -"all.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic " -"to finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " -"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian " -"value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by " -"shelf space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " "imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " "consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " "about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer " -"limited to what appeals to the masses." +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " "actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " "grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " "competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " -"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as " -"well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " "greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " -"consuming amateur content instead of professional " -"content.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, " -"you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, " -"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, " -"you have to get noticed by the right people." +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2500,21 +2509,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " -"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic " -"success.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2527,23 +2536,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " "with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " -"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2554,7 +2563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2571,34 +2580,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " -"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " -"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to " -"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, " -"<quote>Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" +"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " +"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " -"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in " -"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of " -"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " +"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the " +"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " "hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits " "of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of " "hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and " @@ -2607,19 +2616,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2633,30 +2642,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " -"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " -"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " +"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" +"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " "proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to " "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " "Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " "are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " "saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " -"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " "products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " "making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " "cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " @@ -2664,77 +2673,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " -"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " -"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following " -"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in " -"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a " -"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " +"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " +"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd " +"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial " +"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" -"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " -"124. Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is " -"how rarely they are invoked.</quote>" +"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " -"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " -"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public " -"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities " -"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, " -"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most " -"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the " -"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, " -"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part " -"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally " -"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something " -"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as " -"providing credit." +"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " +"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does " +"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give " +"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social " +"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " +"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " +"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " +"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the " +"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow " +"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward " +"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " "a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based " "on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge " -"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of " -"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around " -"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " +"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-" +"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the " +"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " "license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the " "most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having " "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2749,23 +2756,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" -"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " -"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " -"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing " -"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a " -"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted " -"information source is more valuable than ever." +"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " +"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " +"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a " +"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online " +"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source " +"is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2776,12 +2783,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2790,15 +2797,15 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the " -"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), " -"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version " -"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free " -"can be a form of promotion." +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " +"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " +"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be " +"a form of promotion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2815,12 +2822,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2829,48 +2836,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " -"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game " -"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the " -"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its " -"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." +"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing " +"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to " +"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. " +"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2878,44 +2885,43 @@ msgid "" "they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " -"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products " -"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we " -"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type " -"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " +"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " +"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " +"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " "created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " -"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " -"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " -"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your " -"presence matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your " -"response is part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied " -"to your work." +"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" +"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2925,62 +2931,62 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can " "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " -"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers " -"cannot. <quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent " -"rules,</quote> David said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" +"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009, <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " -"have to generate some type of value for their audience or " -"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not " -"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic " -"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the " -"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional " -"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in " -"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with " -"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the " -"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market " -"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of " -"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient " -"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." +"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " +"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually " +"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, " +"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out " +"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding " +"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the " +"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are " +"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for " +"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other " +"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " +"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " +"sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " "for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " -"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2991,41 +2997,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content " "you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the " "ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a " -"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you " -"provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3043,12 +3049,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3057,12 +3063,12 @@ msgid "" "creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " "other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " "Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " -"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3073,7 +3079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3082,94 +3088,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" -"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work " -"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" +"BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " "are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be " -"anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by " -"Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> " -"Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " -"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital " -"version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book " -"publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading " -"something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content " -"isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those " -"situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience " -"of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some " -"endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative " -"Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else " -"can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This " -"strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for " -"items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be " -"the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service " -"from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, " -"the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the " -"same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business " -"principles." +"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version " +"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing " +"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can " +"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it " +"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a " +"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having " +"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors " +"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons " +"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can " +"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy " +"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like " +"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same " +"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from " +"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the " +"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same " +"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " "digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face " -"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the " -"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " +"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-" +"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3178,12 +3182,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3192,80 +3196,80 @@ msgid "" "businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the " "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " -"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided " -"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience " -"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services " -"you can provide as well." +"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the " +"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can " +"provide as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " "reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their " "audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made " "this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available " -"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream " -"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative " -"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser " -"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the " -"overall endeavor." +"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " +"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " +"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " +"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " +"endeavor." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " -"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by " -"others. The most well-known version of this model is the " -"<quote>author-processing charge</quote> of open-access journals like those " -"published by the Public Library of Science, but there are other " -"variations. The Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership " -"model, where universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers " -"of the content on the Conversation website." +"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun " -"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a " -"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " +"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-" +"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " "transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service " "providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money " "every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one " @@ -3273,12 +3277,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 -msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 +msgid "" +"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3289,12 +3294,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3307,12 +3312,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3321,7 +3326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3335,7 +3340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3345,17 +3350,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3365,14 +3370,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" -"Memberships and individual donations " -"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3387,65 +3391,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " -"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open " -"content. Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> " -"something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial " -"contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact " -"that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the " -"marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to get it for " -"free." +"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " "with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply " "wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this " -"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the " -"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of " -"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building " -"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art " -"of Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, " -"ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection " -"is sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks " -"for something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience " -"says, without hesitation: of course.</quote>" +"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. " +"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " +"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " +"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " +"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " -"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " -"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " +"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." +"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " "definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets " "tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and " "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3462,7 +3465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3473,7 +3476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3481,7 +3484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3489,20 +3492,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " "more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into " "what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I " -"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative " -"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright " -"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of " -"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens." +"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. " +"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in " +"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes " +"with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3517,7 +3520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3526,19 +3529,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3549,14 +3552,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3572,54 +3575,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " "Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " -"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing " -"them.</quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like " -"Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is " -"just avoiding pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an " -"image. People don’t just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate " -"to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " -"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In " -"business-speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> " -"with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a " -"gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3633,90 +3636,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " -"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " -"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of " -"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving " -"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity " -"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people " -"involved and invested in what you do." +"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and " +"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and " +"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to " +"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting " +"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when " +"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that " +"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and " +"invested in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " -"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " -"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " -"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative " -"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social " -"motivations, motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> " -"in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is " -"best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is " -"based on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There " -"will always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors " -"that are Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." +"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. " +"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " +"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" -"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " -"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems " -"that assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give " -"them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together " -"better than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often " -"motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our " -"endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3725,41 +3728,41 @@ msgid "" "to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " "any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " "and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " -"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to " -"do.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" -"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " -"fans. As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan " -"first.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen " -"to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " -"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " -"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " -"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " -"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she " -"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3767,39 +3770,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" -"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " -"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " -"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " +"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " +"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " +"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " "customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms " "that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an " "exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay " "back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve " -"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or " -"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least " -"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it " -"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. " +"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a " +"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can " +"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3812,7 +3814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3825,57 +3827,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " -"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own " -"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts " -"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust." +"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, " +"motivates contributors, and builds trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " -"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or " -"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, " -"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some " -"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who " -"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." +"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being " +"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3887,90 +3889,90 @@ msgid "" "like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " "CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " "passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " -"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " "difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " "in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " "group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " -"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona " -"fides.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true " -"community requires giving people within the community the power to create or " -"influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people " -"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " "Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " "about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " -"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most " -"sharing-economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " "primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " -"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>." +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3979,14 +3981,14 @@ msgid "" "about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " "social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by " "incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with " -"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited " -"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to " -"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " +"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its " +"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " "actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3998,48 +4000,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " -"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of " -"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration " -"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people " -"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " +"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, " +"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the " +"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " "creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate " "best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly " "for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4047,28 +4050,28 @@ msgid "" "own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small " "contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, " "and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t " -"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " -"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of " -"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part " -"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " "<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " @@ -4083,19 +4086,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4106,19 +4109,19 @@ msgid "" "it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " "(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " "mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " -"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4127,62 +4130,68 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to " "invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration " "is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your " -"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " -"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the " -"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that " -"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only " -"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial " -"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with " -"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator " -"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of " -"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." +"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " +"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set " +"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic " +"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " +"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for " +"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses " +"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators " +"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " -"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses " -"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed " -"materials." +"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. " +"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4193,12 +4202,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4206,12 +4215,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4220,12 +4229,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4233,12 +4242,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4247,7 +4256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4255,74 +4264,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with " -"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the " -"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both " -"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the " -"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they " -"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing." +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " +"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " +"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " +"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code " +"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their " +"involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " "endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " -"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC " -"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you " -"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film " -"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length " -"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." +"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" +"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " +"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company " +"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or " +"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " "NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant " -"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to " -"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you " -"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs " -"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative " -"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial " -"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the " -"dream of having a major record label discover their work." +"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " +"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " +"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. " +"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " +"a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4331,7 +4340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4345,26 +4354,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " -"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4376,7 +4385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4386,24 +4395,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4411,24 +4420,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4444,7 +4467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4455,7 +4478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4466,19 +4489,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" -"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " -"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " -"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would " -"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about " -"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source " -"product lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to " -"trust a product.</quote>" +"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " +"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " +"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " +"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " +"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4489,7 +4512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4500,7 +4523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4515,7 +4538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4531,7 +4554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4542,17 +4565,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " -"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " -"apply. David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things " -"in an open-source way can only help you.</quote>" +"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4566,7 +4589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4579,12 +4602,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4593,19 +4616,19 @@ msgid "" "creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " "full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller " "form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a " -"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " -"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " -"matter—in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, " -"the Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " "started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " "the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " "meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " @@ -4613,7 +4636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4627,19 +4650,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " -"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their " -"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " -"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial " -"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s " -"revenue-generating model." +"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " +"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " +"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " +"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" +"generating model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4650,29 +4673,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " "needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up " "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " -"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is " -"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open " -"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled " -"<quote>Send In the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, " -"does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking " -"their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and those " -"that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " +"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4682,18 +4705,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " "democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " "strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " -"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should " -"learn.</quote>" +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4701,12 +4724,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4714,36 +4737,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4752,25 +4784,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " -"to develop research and online education about rural-development " -"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both " -"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for " -"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology " -"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " +"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " +"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were " +"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts " +"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and " +"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " "Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people " "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4785,20 +4817,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " "it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " -"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and " -"clients. <quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to " -"his or her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell " -"access to their content, they provide it for free and charge for the " -"personalized services." +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4809,7 +4841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4819,17 +4851,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" -"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific " -"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project " -"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in " -"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, " -"every new resource they create opens new doors." +"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " +"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " +"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " +"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new " +"resource they create opens new doors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4839,14 +4871,14 @@ msgid "" "to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " "and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " "online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " -"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in " -"us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face " -"contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4856,20 +4888,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" -"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " -"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " -"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " -"inspiration. <quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " -"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another " -"simple piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the " -"future, like a course or a book.</quote>" +"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" +"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " +"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4881,17 +4913,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes " -"more. <quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important " -"to pay attention to people and process, rather than content or specific " -"formats or materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content " -"are fluid. The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4899,22 +4931,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " -"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural " -"sector.</quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture " -"(the movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) " -"and work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other " -"social-justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and " -"enable artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all " -"tied closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is " -"a mission to democratize art and culture." +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4925,17 +4957,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" -"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is " -"very specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal " -"at every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " "personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4945,43 +4977,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4994,7 +5026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5006,7 +5038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5015,7 +5047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5028,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5042,18 +5074,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and " -"improvements. <quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> " -"Francesco said. <quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the " -"dark for ten years.</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and " -"steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5065,19 +5097,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " "succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " -"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to " -"people,</quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to " -"believe it.</quote></quote>" +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5087,22 +5119,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " -"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " -"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " -"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " -"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it " -"needs to help on projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for " -"film projects because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco " -"said. <quote>So many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire " -"them because of budget constraints.</quote>" +"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. " +"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " +"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " +"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5114,7 +5146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5125,7 +5157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5142,7 +5174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5151,7 +5183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5162,16 +5194,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " -"the software and the content produced with the software free and " -"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model." +"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. " +"Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5183,67 +5215,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a " -"product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we " -"make,</quote> Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " -"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " -"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit " -"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards " -"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " -"kind of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " "Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5253,7 +5285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5262,7 +5294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5272,7 +5304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5280,7 +5312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5295,25 +5327,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" -"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " -"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " -"make it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he " -"said." +"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" -"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing " -"genius. Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent " -"and memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " "website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5329,7 +5360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5337,7 +5368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5346,18 +5377,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " -"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the " -"joke.</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, " -"where people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans " -"wanted to make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 " -"in a single day." +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5365,14 +5396,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that " -"line. <quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max " -"said. <quote>If that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred " -"times over because there are so many benefits.</quote>" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5382,7 +5413,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5391,7 +5422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5406,7 +5437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5414,12 +5445,12 @@ msgid "" "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " "for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " "said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " -"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and " -"quibbling.</quote>" +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5432,17 +5463,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " "the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " -"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " -"games,</quote> he said." +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5453,7 +5484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5463,34 +5494,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" -"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC " -"licensing,</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of " -"money, then CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, " -"speaks to your values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " -"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " -"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia." +"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " +"Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5498,24 +5529,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " "Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the " -"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce " -"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism " -"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative " -"model." +"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. " +"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t " +"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5525,29 +5556,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " "astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These " "were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the " -"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in " -"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, " -"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what " -"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was " -"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass " -"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and " -"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of " -"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a " -"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower " -"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, " -"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an " -"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to " -"the wider public." +"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. " +"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists " +"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a " +"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or " +"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want " +"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect " +"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, " +"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—" +"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal " +"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but " +"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good " +"at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5556,13 +5586,13 @@ msgid "" "captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is " "academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " -"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is " -"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes " -"and writing whatever they want." +"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " +"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " +"whatever they want." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5576,25 +5606,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " -"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " -"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better " -"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better " -"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of " -"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is " -"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based " -"information." +"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " +"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of " +"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public " +"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information " +"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide " +"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5611,21 +5640,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " "others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the " "content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites " "have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 " -"million unique views per month, but through republication they have " -"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the " -"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central " -"to everything the Conversation does." +"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-" +"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative " +"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to " +"everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5635,7 +5664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5646,7 +5675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5658,7 +5687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5669,17 +5698,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and " -"funders.</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding " -"members,</quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5691,7 +5720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5701,7 +5730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5709,7 +5738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5719,38 +5748,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" +"\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5761,7 +5790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5769,7 +5798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5777,12 +5806,11 @@ msgid "" "coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about " "technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several " "nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be " -"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet " -"age." +"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5790,7 +5818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5808,7 +5836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5817,14 +5845,14 @@ msgid "" "lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " "might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " "wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " -"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter " -"what. <quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before " -"I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself " -"sane.</quote>" +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5836,7 +5864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5848,7 +5876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5858,12 +5886,12 @@ msgid "" "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " "career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " "hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " -"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to " -"spread.</quote>" +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5873,7 +5901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5883,7 +5911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5891,16 +5919,16 @@ msgid "" "they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " "highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " "corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " -"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his " -"audience. <quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you " -"success,</quote> he said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.</quote>" +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5916,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5932,20 +5960,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " -"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " -"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a " -"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of " -"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He " -"calls it Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something " -"that belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for " -"your benefit.</quote>" +"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5958,7 +5986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5971,20 +5999,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " "does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " -"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to " -"support ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. " -"Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to " -"stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5994,17 +6022,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6012,42 +6040,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " -"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and " -"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " +"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" +"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " "file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6055,7 +6083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6066,7 +6094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6075,7 +6103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6083,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6094,26 +6122,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" -"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " -"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " -"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s " -"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets " -"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." +"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" +"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " +"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with " +"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY " +"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " -"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " -"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the " -"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too." +"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " +"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " +"opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6123,7 +6151,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6132,7 +6160,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6145,7 +6173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6157,23 +6185,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" -"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " -"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " -"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the " -"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having " -"to develop this functionality as part of their own " -"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the " -"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to " -"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides " -"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including " -"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has " -"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data." +"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " +"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " +"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. " +"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " +"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " +"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and " +"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide " +"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and " +"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons " +"licenses for the data." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6185,7 +6213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6197,7 +6225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6206,12 +6234,12 @@ msgid "" "research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to " "be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions " "want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses " -"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " -"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." +"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-" +"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6223,7 +6251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6234,67 +6262,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" +"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" +"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " -"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " -"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the " -"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United " -"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app " -"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a " -"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of " -"the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " +"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " +"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " +"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s " +"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely " +"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting " +"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " "Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an " -"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and " -"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " +"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-" +"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " "presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what " "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " -"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " +"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " "subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s " -"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career " -"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that " -"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. " +"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is " +"now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6304,28 +6332,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " "researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping " -"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the " -"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark " -"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If " -"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a " -"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key " -"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting " -"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new " -"discoveries." +"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—" +"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees " +"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was " +"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. " +"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. " +"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " +"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6333,57 +6360,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" +"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " -"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of " -"valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most " -"people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about " -"being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone " -"wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to " -"their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " +"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable " +"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people " +"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being " +"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to " +"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their " +"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " "there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of " "information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within " -"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage " -"with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific " -"question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and " -"manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the " -"data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to " -"all, with a specific focus on New Zealand." +"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. " +"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question " +"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate " +"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. " +"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a " +"specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6396,7 +6424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6411,7 +6439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6429,14 +6457,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" +"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6454,7 +6482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6469,7 +6497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6489,7 +6517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6498,7 +6526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6515,7 +6543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6530,12 +6558,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6545,12 +6573,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6559,7 +6587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6568,7 +6596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6582,7 +6610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6594,7 +6622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6603,14 +6631,13 @@ msgid "" "through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can " "you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond " "quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would " -"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on " -"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for " -"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are " -"interested in." +"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure." +"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be " +"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6621,7 +6648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6629,7 +6656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6637,7 +6664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6650,7 +6677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6659,19 +6686,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the " -"future.</quote>" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6681,42 +6708,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " -"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access " -"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK." +"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " +"Founded in 2012 in the UK." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6733,7 +6761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6742,7 +6770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6751,58 +6779,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " "the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by " -"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license " -"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest " -"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be " -"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no " -"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to " -"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print " -"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances " -"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts " -"as a marketing vehicle for the print format." +"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-" +"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " +"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " +"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. " +"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these " +"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing " +"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing " +"vehicle for the print format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream " -"model</quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an " -"ice cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " "ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the " "first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed " -"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and " -"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." +"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-" +"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a " -"<quote>book-processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world " -"with an open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons " -"license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6815,35 +6842,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6852,7 +6879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6860,21 +6887,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " -"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6886,14 +6913,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" +"availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6907,7 +6934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6920,7 +6947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6936,7 +6963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6944,7 +6971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6956,7 +6983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6964,7 +6991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6972,24 +6999,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 " -"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in " -"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three " -"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the " -"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second " -"round, it took one month to get twenty-six." +"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " +"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " +"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " +"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " +"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it " +"took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6997,12 +7025,12 @@ msgid "" "increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many " "more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, " "you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing " -"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7014,7 +7042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7024,7 +7052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7038,27 +7066,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" -"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " -"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " -"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service " -"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans " -"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs " -"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, " -"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and " -"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books." +"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " +"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " +"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " +"unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7071,72 +7099,72 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " -"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " -"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " -"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " -"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called " -"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across " -"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to " -"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to " -"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the " -"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and " -"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with " -"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than " -"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It " -"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had " -"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill " -"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " +"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " +"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " +"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " +"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved " +"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges " +"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce " +"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students " +"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required " +"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-" +"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. " +"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five " +"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career " +"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-" +"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and " +"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " "work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create " "Lumen Learning." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7148,7 +7176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7159,7 +7187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7169,49 +7197,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " "patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and " "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " -"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf " -"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good " -"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving " -"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they " -"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in " -"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and " -"universities—" +"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " +"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " +"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " +"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7221,7 +7248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7231,17 +7258,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " "and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who " -"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled " -"student." +"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7252,7 +7278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7264,13 +7290,13 @@ msgid "" "those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not " "put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in " "technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights " -"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a " -"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has " -"generated immense goodwill in the community." +"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-" +"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense " +"goodwill in the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7283,7 +7309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7296,7 +7322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7306,20 +7332,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " -"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the " -"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students " -"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the " -"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up " -"at the end of each page." +"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the " +"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a " +"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and " +"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of " +"each page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7329,22 +7355,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " "system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " -"the Virginia community college system, which is building out " -"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar " -"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its " -"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on " -"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number " -"of students." +"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level " +"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are " +"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they " +"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7356,7 +7381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7368,7 +7393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7379,7 +7404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7392,7 +7417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7403,7 +7428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7412,21 +7437,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " -"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " -"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up " -"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, " -"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted " -"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 " -"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with " -"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding " -"with revenue." +"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" +"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the " +"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment " +"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant " +"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. " +"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7438,26 +7462,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" +"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7465,26 +7489,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as " -"<quote>hustling</quote>—seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make " -"money. The bulk of his income comes from writing songs under commission for " -"people and companies, but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has " -"supporters on the crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue " -"from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid " -"speaking engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by " -"major conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " "conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7497,7 +7521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7506,7 +7530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7518,14 +7542,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " -"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that " -"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " +"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " +"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " "least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are " "extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend " "announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan " @@ -7535,7 +7559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7546,7 +7570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7557,18 +7581,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " "discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " -"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make " -"sense. It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to " -"be able to be shared.</quote>" +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7580,17 +7604,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " "build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " -"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of " -"that,</quote> Jonathan said." +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7602,21 +7626,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" -"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " -"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " -"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " +"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " +"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " +"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " "music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " -"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple " -"song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long " -"technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and " -"rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " "understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7633,7 +7657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7642,32 +7666,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural " -"style. <quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who " -"want something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do " -"very easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " "writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " "style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " -"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " -"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely " -"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can " -"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is " -"a living embodiment of these principles." +"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " +"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " +"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " +"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7677,7 +7701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7687,7 +7711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7695,12 +7719,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7708,29 +7732,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7738,7 +7763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7749,7 +7774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7759,7 +7784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7769,48 +7794,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" +"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " "launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter " "was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought " -"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their " -"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over " -"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much " -"bigger." +"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. " +"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. " +"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard " -"drives. It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " -"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " -"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its " -"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback " -"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the " -"relationship they have with their global community of designers." +"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" +"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. " +"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they " +"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they " +"have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7819,7 +7843,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7834,7 +7858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7847,7 +7871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7857,7 +7881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7866,14 +7890,14 @@ msgid "" "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " -"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly " -"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says " -"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good " -"for the platform." +"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " +"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " +"the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7888,15 +7912,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " -"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7909,12 +7933,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7923,7 +7949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7932,7 +7958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7947,7 +7973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7957,7 +7983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7966,7 +7992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7977,16 +8003,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " -"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and " -"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." +"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. " +"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -7998,7 +8024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8007,7 +8033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8019,7 +8045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8031,12 +8057,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8044,34 +8070,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" -"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " -"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " +"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" +"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " @@ -8080,21 +8106,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" -"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " -"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " -"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local " -"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and " -"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data " -"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can " -"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target " -"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better " -"understanding what is happening around them." +"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " +"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " +"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing " +"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but " +"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a " +"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help " +"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It " +"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is " +"happening around them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8104,50 +8130,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." +"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" -"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " "this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " "open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " -"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open " -"data.</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for " -"revenue." +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8157,7 +8182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8167,7 +8192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8177,34 +8202,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " -"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to " -"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount " -"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an " -"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into " -"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, " -"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " +"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " +"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " +"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" +"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " +"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and " +"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " "are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8219,18 +8244,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" -"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " -"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " -"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of " -"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills " -"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The " -"training tends to generate high interest and commitment." +"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " +"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " +"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data " +"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by " +"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training " +"tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8240,7 +8265,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8251,12 +8276,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 -msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 +msgid "" +"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8264,7 +8290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8274,7 +8300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8283,40 +8309,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" -"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " -"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " -"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s " -"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic " -"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international " -"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI " -"<quote>nodes.</quote>" +"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " +"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " +"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " +"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " +"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " "of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " -"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the " -"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI " -"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the " -"brand." +"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " +"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " +"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink " -"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" +"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8324,34 +8348,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" -"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community " -"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and " -"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and " -"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders " -"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time " -"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." +"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " +"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " +"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " +"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For " +"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to " +"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " "of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a " "globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, " -"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8360,7 +8384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8369,26 +8393,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is " -"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " -"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " -"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that " -"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not " -"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have " -"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " +"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. " +"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " +"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " +"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " -"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they " -"offer. According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that " -"it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" +"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8396,7 +8420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8405,46 +8429,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8452,31 +8476,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8485,26 +8510,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring " "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " -"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical " -"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also " -"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but " -"not the goods.</quote> They created the design using software, put it under " -"an open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was " -"the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open " -"project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions " -"around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, " -"with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit " -"company." +"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " +"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " +"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " +"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8513,20 +8537,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " -"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing " -"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of " -"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital " -"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still " -"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the " -"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons." +"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. " +"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design " +"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing " +"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold " +"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel " +"and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8536,7 +8560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8544,7 +8568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8554,22 +8578,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " "and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " -"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8578,25 +8601,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " "network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " -"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a " -"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that " -"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the " -"design file." +"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" +"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " +"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8604,12 +8626,12 @@ msgid "" "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " "how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " -"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8617,14 +8639,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8632,14 +8654,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8647,23 +8669,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " -"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " -"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own " -"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" +"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" +"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this " +"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8672,24 +8694,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" -"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8702,34 +8724,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8737,7 +8759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8747,7 +8769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8758,17 +8780,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open " -"making</quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers " -"get profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " -"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to " -"mass-production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8778,12 +8800,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8795,7 +8817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8805,29 +8827,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8835,28 +8857,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8864,12 +8886,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off " -"<quote>open,</quote> not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8879,67 +8901,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " -"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in " -"people." +"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " -"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " -"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S." +"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " +"Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, " -"editor-in-chief" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" +"chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " -"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " -"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " "Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " -"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " -"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s " -"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with " -"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8952,7 +8973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8966,27 +8987,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" +"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " "free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the " "nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " "proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they " -"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales " -"rapidly. All with no sales force!" +"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All " +"with no sales force!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8997,7 +9018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9007,7 +9028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9016,22 +9037,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " "calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps " -"a running list of institutions that have adopted their " -"textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9040,20 +9061,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " -"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " -"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora " -"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and " -"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield " -"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To " -"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going " -"to require philanthropic investment." +"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " +"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, " +"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. " +"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and " +"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic " +"investment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9065,33 +9086,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " -"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to " -"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the " -"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has " -"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to " -"Sociology 2e, using these funds." +"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " +"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " +"using these funds." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" -"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " -"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " -"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting " -"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no " -"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still " -"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving " -"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax " -"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their " -"materials." +"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " +"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " +"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can " +"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students " +"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but " +"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; " +"partners are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9101,7 +9121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9113,12 +9133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " -"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the " -"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " +"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " +"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " "traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes " "students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to " "buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the " @@ -9128,7 +9148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9139,7 +9159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9153,7 +9173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9172,31 +9192,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " -"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " -"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author " -"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is " -"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of " -"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them " -"and they earn all the money up front." +"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" +"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might " +"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only " +"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all " +"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and " +"they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " "their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " "frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " -"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their " -"materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control " -"and academic freedom." +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9208,35 +9228,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" -"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive " -"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press " -"kit:" +"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " +"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9245,7 +9264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9254,7 +9273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9264,7 +9283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9277,22 +9296,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9301,49 +9320,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" +"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" +"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " -"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot " -". . . in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the " -"reverberations of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living " -"doing that.</quote>" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " "digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " -"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda " -"said. <quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering " -"how to make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9359,7 +9378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9372,7 +9391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9386,7 +9405,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9400,7 +9419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9408,18 +9427,18 @@ msgid "" "before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used " "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " -"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a " -"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign " -"that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to " -"someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette " -"ad,</quote> Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the " -"licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more formal, " -"standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The " -"NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " +"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9429,7 +9448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9441,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9449,13 +9468,13 @@ msgid "" "featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in " "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " -"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to " -"listen. <quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto " -"itself,</quote> Amanda wrote." +"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9467,7 +9486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9478,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9490,7 +9509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9502,7 +9521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9513,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9525,7 +9544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9540,66 +9559,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " -"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious " -"truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more " -"fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.</quote>" +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " -"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a " -"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that " -"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her " -"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than " -"forcing people to help her, she lets them." +"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " +"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " +"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"help her, she lets them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " -"U.S." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9609,13 +9629,13 @@ msgid "" "petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael " "announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to " "do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the " -"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new " -"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released " -"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses." +"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-" +"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " +"Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9629,7 +9649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9643,7 +9663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9657,7 +9677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9671,28 +9691,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to " -"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, " -"are just under $1,500." +"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-" +"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " +"$1,500." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" -"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to " -"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for " -"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the " -"article-processing charges." +"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " +"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " +"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9701,27 +9720,27 @@ msgid "" "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " "access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " -"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon " -"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on " -"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS " -"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly " -"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this " -"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication." +"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " +"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " +"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better " +"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research " +"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " +"to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" -"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " -"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " -"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " +"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " +"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " +"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " "ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9729,7 +9748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9740,7 +9759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9749,7 +9768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9760,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9770,7 +9789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9794,7 +9813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9802,7 +9821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9811,7 +9830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9825,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9834,7 +9853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9852,7 +9871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9864,17 +9883,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9883,14 +9902,14 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level " "Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field " "itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and " -"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and " -"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the " -"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " +"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal " +"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " "experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9902,7 +9921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9914,7 +9933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9922,24 +9941,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and " -"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" +"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " +"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9947,19 +9966,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9976,7 +9995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9992,7 +10011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10003,28 +10022,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " -"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all " -"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October " -"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools " -"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was " -"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their " -"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " +"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across " +"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 " +"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people " +"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the " +"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection " +"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " "collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in " "business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more " "discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10038,7 +10057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10053,37 +10072,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " -"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " -"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define " -"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each " -"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high " -"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the " -"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their " -"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection " -"online." +"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " +"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete " +"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This " +"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from " +"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started " +"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with " +"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" -"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " -"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " -"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a " -"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more " -"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can " -"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now " -"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million " -"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of " -"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the " -"<quote>Mona Lisa effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that " -"people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." +"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " +"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On " +"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, " +"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be " +"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " +"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " +"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10094,7 +10112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10109,12 +10127,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10125,7 +10143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10138,7 +10156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10147,12 +10165,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " -"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " -"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound " -"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " +"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " +"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by " +"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " "Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they " "want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available " @@ -10160,62 +10178,62 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" +"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " -"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his " -"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the " -"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy " -"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " +"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " +"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to " +"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " "Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " "elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " "Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " -"the 2015 award: <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>" +"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" +"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the " "competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new " "creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten " -"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of " -"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class " -"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the " -"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a " -"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries " -"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third " -"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." +"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. " +"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. " +"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum " +"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color " +"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " +"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun " +"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the " +"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10223,7 +10241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10234,7 +10252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10249,7 +10267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10269,41 +10287,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 -msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 +msgid "" +"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10316,7 +10335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10325,37 +10344,36 @@ msgid "" "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " "more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " -"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the " -"<quote>Borg.</quote></quote>" +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " "around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " -"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never " -"have been able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting " -"now.</quote>" +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " "because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But " "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " -"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s " -"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing " -"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing " -"economy</quote> and continued to grow their audience." +"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " +"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10368,7 +10386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10381,39 +10399,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " -"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the " -"quality,</quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by " -"guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their " -"network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth " -"Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a " -"large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a " -"chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and " -"promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is " -"licensed with Creative Commons." +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC " -"licensing,</quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more " -"people through a formal and informal network of republishers or " -"affiliates. That has definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure " -"the reach of other media properties, but most of the outlets who republish " -"our work have much bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10425,7 +10443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10434,7 +10452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10446,7 +10464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10460,19 +10478,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " -"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " -"help. The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and " -"start making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " "reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " "people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10482,14 +10500,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own " -"events. <quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk " -"and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel " -"to the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " "around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " "reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " "events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " @@ -10500,21 +10518,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " -"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people " -"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" +"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take " +"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10522,29 +10540,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10554,7 +10572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10563,7 +10581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10573,12 +10591,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10590,7 +10608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10600,7 +10618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10609,12 +10627,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10626,7 +10644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10636,7 +10654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10645,19 +10663,19 @@ msgid "" "standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of " "course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " -"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a " -"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based " -"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they " -"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions." +"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" +"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " +"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " +"share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10669,7 +10687,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10678,7 +10696,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10689,7 +10707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10700,7 +10718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10711,7 +10729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10725,7 +10743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10734,7 +10752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10745,7 +10763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10757,7 +10775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10768,7 +10786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10777,7 +10795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10788,10 +10806,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" -"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " -"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " +"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " +"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " "practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " @@ -10801,7 +10819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10812,7 +10830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10822,12 +10840,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10837,7 +10855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10849,7 +10867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10860,20 +10878,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " "the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to " "provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark " -"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a " -"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent " -"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy " -"negotiation, the government said no." +"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-" +"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for " +"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the " +"government said no." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10885,7 +10903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10895,7 +10913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10908,16 +10926,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " -"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " -"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per " -"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." +"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" +"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned " +"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10927,57 +10945,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " "do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the " -"resources and support they need to achieve the education they " -"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons " -"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " +"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. " +"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means " +"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " "revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In " "terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the " "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" -"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " -"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." +"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " +"Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10987,7 +11006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -10996,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11007,7 +11026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -11019,7 +11038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11028,7 +11047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11040,32 +11059,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " -"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and " -"support. <quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP " -"[intellectual property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the " -"stuff they should be competing on.</quote>" +"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " "there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " "something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " "find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " -"his third year of college, he registered <ulink " -"url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started reselling products out of his " -"bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own products." +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11076,7 +11095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11087,27 +11106,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " -"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " -"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to " -"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on " -"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core " -"business." +"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " +"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create " +"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing " +"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " -"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by " -"2020.</quote>" +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11120,7 +11138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11132,7 +11150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11148,7 +11166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11160,7 +11178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11170,7 +11188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11179,12 +11197,12 @@ msgid "" "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " "tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " "been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " -"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address " -"it.</quote>" +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11197,7 +11215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11209,7 +11227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11224,51 +11242,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " -"U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " -"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by " -"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational " -"materials TeachAIDS distributes." +"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " +"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials " +"TeachAIDS distributes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11283,28 +11301,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " -"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford " -"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next " -"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national " -"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention " -"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were " -"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and " -"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at " -"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous " -"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was " -"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to " -"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the " -"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, " -"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only " -"receiving bits and pieces of information." +"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. " +"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of " +"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring " +"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports " +"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the " +"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. " +"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya " +"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They " +"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and " +"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss " +"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on " +"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and " +"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and " +"pieces of information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11318,7 +11336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11326,7 +11344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11334,27 +11352,27 @@ msgid "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " "content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting " -"them,</quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It " -"was almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a " -"plug-and-play solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our " -"materials safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and " -"protecting us at the same time.</quote>" +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating " -"high-quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya " -"said. <quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11365,7 +11383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11381,7 +11399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11389,16 +11407,16 @@ msgid "" "using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate " "volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language " "and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three " -"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master " -"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate " -"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original " -"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version " -"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this " -"cycle eleven times." +"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. " +"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version " +"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. " +"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets " +"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle " +"eleven times." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11418,22 +11436,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " -"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " -"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " +"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" +"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an " -"option. <quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just " -"creating their own materials using whatever they could find for free " -"online,</quote> Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our " -"highly effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11446,19 +11464,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " "area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " -"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier " -"countries,</quote> Shuman said." +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11473,7 +11491,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11484,23 +11502,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" -"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " -"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " -"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they " -"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale " -"their materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a " -"game changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." +"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" +"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " +"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " +"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11508,48 +11526,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " "online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to " -"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the " -"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of " -"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative " -"Commons." +"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " +"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " +"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " -"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold " -"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license " -"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or " -"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights " -"holder was not readily available." +"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. " +"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly " +"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in " +"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " +"readily available." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11561,7 +11578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11571,7 +11588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11581,25 +11598,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, " -"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show " -"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They " -"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) " -"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " +"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " +"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11620,7 +11637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11635,23 +11652,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " "share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the " "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " -"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their " -"website:" +"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11659,24 +11675,24 @@ msgid "" "contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee " "agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is " "shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " -"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per " -"month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " "licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " -"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC " -"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." +"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" +"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11689,17 +11705,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " -"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific " -"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " +"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " "repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11708,17 +11724,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" -"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " -"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " -"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, " -"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become " -"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." +"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " +"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " +"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create " +"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " +"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11731,33 +11747,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " "specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually " "involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member " "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " -"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that " -"need." +"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " -"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for " -"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see " -"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the " -"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a " -"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in " -"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." +"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " +"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " +"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a " +"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by " +"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " +"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11775,93 +11790,93 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " "translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise " "believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They " "can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who " -"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in " -"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for " -"music, a model that’s based on trust." +"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. " +"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " +"a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " -"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " -"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of " -"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people " -"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose." +"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " +"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the " +"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to " +"reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " -"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " -"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." +"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" +"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " "sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two " -"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it " -"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its " -"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about " -"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every " -"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, " -"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a " -"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a " -"particular organization." +"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. " +"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. " +"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five " +"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. " +"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including " +"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular " +"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular " +"organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11870,7 +11885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11881,7 +11896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11895,7 +11910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11910,15 +11925,15 @@ msgid "" "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " "is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " -"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told " -"us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the " -"community cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that " -"supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half " -"of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11935,7 +11950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11949,14 +11964,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" +"mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11964,20 +11979,19 @@ msgid "" "every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together " "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " -"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single " -"explanation. <quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible " -"diversity of motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one " -"editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single " -"grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand " -"times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia " -"users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " -"Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " -"financially,</quote> Stephen told us. <quote>They are all " -"contributors.</quote>" +"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11989,19 +12003,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " "Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United " "States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the " "reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is " -"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give " -"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." +"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. " +"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12013,7 +12027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12022,7 +12036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12031,563 +12045,563 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " -"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public " -"spaces,</quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that " -"open public space.</quote>" +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed " -"under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under " +"CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" -"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " -"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-SA)." +"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" +"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" -"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " -"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." +"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " +"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " -"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " -"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop " -"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. " -"For more information, see <ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." +"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" +"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " +"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " +"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-" +"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" +"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " -"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-" +"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" -"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " -"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." +"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " +"New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009. <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " -"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." +"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " +"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " -"Strandburg. <quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in " -"Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" -"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " -"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." +"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " +"New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>" +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " -"book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." +"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" +"proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed " +"under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 -msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" -"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " -"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." +"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " +"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink " -"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " -"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" +"NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" -"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " -"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." +"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " +"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12596,16 +12610,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12614,17 +12628,17 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " -"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " -"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable " -"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you." +"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" +"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. " +"Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12672,8 +12686,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12759,33 +12773,33 @@ msgid "" "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " "Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " -"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane " -"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " -"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " -"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, " -"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique " -"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, " -"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, " -"Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C " -"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo " -"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, " -"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie " -"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli " -"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique " -"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric " -"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, " -"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan " -"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan " -"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton " -"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix " -"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe " -"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, " -"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot " -"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois " -"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, " -"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel " -"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, " -"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " +"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, " +"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk " +"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " +"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " +"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " +"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " +"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " +"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth " +"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy " +"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric " +"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric " +"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, " +"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin " +"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne " +"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix " +"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix " +"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, " +"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent " +"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, " +"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, " +"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric " +"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, " +"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary " +"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George " "Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, " "Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, " @@ -12810,126 +12824,125 @@ msgid "" "James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James " "Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, " "Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, " -"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason " -"E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy " -"Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, " -"Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff " -"De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff " -"Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen " -"Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, " -"Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, " -"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate " -"Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim " -"O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo " -"Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim " -"Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi " -"Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, " -"Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " -"Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " -"Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " -"John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, " -"John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon " -"Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, " -"Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan " -"Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg " -"Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph " -"Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP " -"Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo " -"Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, " -"Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien " -"Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin " -"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. " -"Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, " -"Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia " -"Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen " -"Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie " -"Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, " -"Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie " -"Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, " -"Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin " -"Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane " -"l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad " -"Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina " -"Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, " -"Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry " -"Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, " -"Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent " -"Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro " -"Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, " -"leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos " -"Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir " -"Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa " -"Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn " -"Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna " -"Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, " -"Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de " -"Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke " -"Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, " -"Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, " -"Maik Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy " -"Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc " -"Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de " -"Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco " -"Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, " -"Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino " -"Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, " -"Mark Cohen, Mark De Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, " -"Mark Kupfer, Mark Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark " -"Murphy, Mark Perot, Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark " -"Waks, Mark Zuccarell II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, " -"Marshal Miller, Marshall Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin " -"Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin " -"Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary " -"Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, " -"Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias " -"Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt " -"Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt " -"Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, " -"Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew " -"Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, " -"Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van " -"Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan " -"Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem " -"Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael " -"Andersson Skane, Michael C. 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Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " +"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " +"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " +"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves " +"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " +"ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" diff --git a/po/nb/mwcc.po b/po/nb/mwcc.po index 919f3b1..7717ac4 100644 --- a/po/nb/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nb/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-12-09 15:54+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere-weblate@hungry.com>\n" "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/" @@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ msgstr "" "Det handler følgelig ikke om penger. Å skape og finne måter å holde på med " "dette krever ofte en viss inntekt. Max Temkin i Cards Against Humanity sier " "det best i sin referansestudie: <quote>Vi lager ikke vitser og leker for å " -"tjene penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere vitser og " -"leke.</quote>" +"tjene penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere vitser og leke.</" +"quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146 @@ -457,8 +457,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Jonathan Mann, som er presentert i denne boken, skriver én sang om dagen. Da " "jeg kontaktet han for å be ham skrive en sang til " -"folkefinansieringskampanjen (og tilby seg selv som en kronerullingspost deri)" -", stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor? Fordi allmenningens kjerne er " +"folkefinansieringskampanjen (og tilby seg selv som en kronerullingspost " +"deri), stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor? Fordi allmenningens kjerne er " "samarbeid, og gemenskap dens nøkkelverdi, og fordi CC-lisensene har hjulpet " "så mange å dele med et verdensomspennende publikum på egne premisser." @@ -485,8 +485,8 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons automatisk et visst element av fellesskap, ved å bidra til " "å treffe likesinnede som gjenkjenner og trekkes mot verdiene som bruken av " "CC symboliserer.</quote> Den andre musikeren som profileres i boken, Amanda " -"Palmer, ville sikkert lagt til dette fra referansestudien om henne: <quote>" -"Det finnes ikke noe mer tilfredsstillende mål enn å oppleve at noen " +"Palmer, ville sikkert lagt til dette fra referansestudien om henne: " +"<quote>Det finnes ikke noe mer tilfredsstillende mål enn å oppleve at noen " "forteller deg at det du gjør virkelig er verdifullt for dem.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> @@ -519,14 +519,13 @@ msgid "" "game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " "people they come to know, and sometimes like.</quote>" msgstr "" -"I en artikkel i Stanford Law Review i 1996, <quote>The Zones of " -"Cyberspace</quote>, skrev CC-grunnleggeren Lawrence Lessig: <quote>" -"Kyberrommet er et sted. Folk bor der. De opplever alle mulige ting som de " -"også opplever i den virkelige verden, i Kyberrommet. Og noen opplever enda " -"mer. De opplever ikke dette som isolerte individer, som spillere i et " -"høyteknologisk dataspill; De opplever det i grupper, i fellesskap, blant " -"fremmede, blant mennesker de lærer å kjenne og noen ganger sette pris " -"på.</quote>" +"I en artikkel i Stanford Law Review i 1996, <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, skrev CC-grunnleggeren Lawrence Lessig: <quote>Kyberrommet er et " +"sted. Folk bor der. De opplever alle mulige ting som de også opplever i den " +"virkelige verden, i Kyberrommet. Og noen opplever enda mer. De opplever ikke " +"dette som isolerte individer, som spillere i et høyteknologisk dataspill; De " +"opplever det i grupper, i fellesskap, blant fremmede, blant mennesker de " +"lærer å kjenne og noen ganger sette pris på.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:263 @@ -743,9 +742,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Og som avslutning av første del, har vi en kort bit som forklarer de ulike " "Creative Commons-lisensene. Vi snakker om misforståelsen om at de mer " -"restriktive lisensene - de som er nærmest <quote>alle rettigheter " -"reservert</quote>-modellen i tradisjonell opphavsrett - er den eneste måten " -"å tjene penger på." +"restriktive lisensene - de som er nærmest <quote>alle rettigheter reservert</" +"quote>-modellen i tradisjonell opphavsrett - er den eneste måten å tjene " +"penger på." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:379 @@ -827,8 +826,8 @@ msgstr "" "allmenningen. Det samme er språk og kunnskap, fortau og torg, historier fra " "barndommen og demokratiske prosesser. Noen deler av allmenningen er naturens " "gaver, andre er resultat av menneskelig innsats. Noen er nye, som Internett; " -"andre like eldgamle som jord og kalligrafi.</quote><placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"andre like eldgamle som jord og kalligrafi.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:422 @@ -882,15 +881,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Allmenningen handler ikke bare om delte ressurser, men også om sosial " "praksis og verdiene som igjen styrer den. En ressurs er et substantiv, men " -"allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Produsentene, organisasjonene og " +"allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Produsentene, organisasjonene og " "bedriftene vi profilerer er alle engasjert i allmenngjøring. Deres bruk av " "Creative Commons gjør dem delaktig i den sosiale gjennomføringen av " -"allmenngjøring, administrering av ressurser kollektivt i et " -"brukerfellesskap.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Allmenngjøring " -"styres av et sett verdier og normer som balanserer fordelene og ulempene for " -"bedriften med dem for fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er lagt til rettferdig " -"tilgang, bruk og bærekraft." +"allmenngjøring, administrering av ressurser kollektivt i et brukerfellesskap." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Allmenngjøring styres av et sett " +"verdier og normer som balanserer fordelene og ulempene for bedriften med dem " +"for fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er lagt til rettferdig tilgang, bruk og " +"bærekraft." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:452 @@ -912,8 +911,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Historisk har det vært tre måter å administrere ressurser og fordele verdier " "på: Allmenningen (håndtert kollektivt), staten (dvs. myndighetene) og " -"markedet - med de siste to som dominerende per 2017.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"markedet - med de siste to som dominerende per 2017.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:467 @@ -943,9 +942,14 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " +#| "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" "Figur 1 skildrer hvordan en bedrift kan ha varierende grad av engasjement " "med allemannseie, staten og markedet." @@ -1020,10 +1024,10 @@ msgstr "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -1085,12 +1089,20 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:547 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " +#| "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " +#| "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms " +#| "and rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use " +#| "along with outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" "For å sammenligne og vise kontraster i måter allemannseie, markedet, og det " "offentlige arbeider, la oss se på fire sider ved ressursadministrasjon: " @@ -1203,14 +1215,23 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and " +#| "state conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees " +#| "resources as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is " +#| "extracted. The state sees resources as public goods that provide value to " +#| "state citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a " +#| "common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in " +#| "undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" "Utover denne idéen med fysisk sett opp mot det digitale, forstår " "allmenninger, markedet og staten ressurser forskjellig (se figur 3). " @@ -1221,12 +1242,12 @@ msgstr "" "forbedret form til fremtidige generasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "Folk og prosesser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1237,7 +1258,7 @@ msgstr "" "har innflytelse og hvordan en ressurs håndteres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1254,7 +1275,7 @@ msgstr "" "ressurser basert på regjeringens prioriteringer og prosedyrer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1271,7 +1292,7 @@ msgstr "" "betalingstransaksjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." @@ -1280,7 +1301,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons (New York: Zed-bøker, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1310,23 +1331,23 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskapseie mindre anonymt og mer personlig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "Hvordan markedet, allemanseie og staten oppfatter ressurser." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "Normer og regler" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1337,7 +1358,7 @@ msgstr "" "og reglene definerer tillatelser, tildeler rettigheter og løser disputter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1352,7 +1373,7 @@ msgstr "" "allemannseie gjennom de reglene som lages." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1363,12 +1384,12 @@ msgstr "" "definert av staten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1385,12 +1406,12 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "Mål" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1402,7 +1423,7 @@ msgstr "" "svarer til målene til stat, marked og allmenning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1415,7 +1436,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1431,7 +1452,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortjeneste og vekst, alle disse måter å måle markedet på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1448,7 +1469,7 @@ msgstr "" "livskvalitet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1465,7 +1486,7 @@ msgstr "" "goder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1478,12 +1499,12 @@ msgstr "" "ressurshåndteringen sin." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "En kort historie om allmenningen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1499,7 +1520,7 @@ msgstr "" "bevissthet og omtanke. Det finnes ingen nyheter eller taler om allmenningen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1513,7 +1534,7 @@ msgstr "" "pågående fornyelsen, er det nyttig å vite noe om dens historie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1524,7 +1545,17 @@ msgstr "" "2014), 42–43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " +#| "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, " +#| "and many other things collectively as a commons.<placeholder type=" +#| "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state " +#| "in the form of rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled " +#| "it. Direct social participation in a commons was the primary way in which " +#| "resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in " +#| "relation to the state and the market.)" msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1532,8 +1563,8 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" "I århundrer håndterte urfolk og førindustrielle samfunn ressurser, inkludert " "vann, mat, brensel, vanningsanlegg, fisk, vilt og mange andre ting, " @@ -1544,23 +1575,23 @@ msgstr "" "illustrerer allemannseie i forhold til stat og marked.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "I det førindustrielle samfunnet." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1571,7 +1602,17 @@ msgstr "" "og Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " +#| "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure " +#| "of the commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " +#| "<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " +#| "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder " +#| "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of " +#| "the state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " +#| "managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1580,18 +1621,31 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" "Fulgt av en lang historie der staten (et monarki eller en makthaver) overtar " -"allmenningen til egne formål. Dette kalles innkapsling av allemannseie.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> I gamle dager ble " -"<quote>almuen</quote> kastet ut fra eiendommene, gjerder og hekker reist, " -"lover vedtatt og sikringstiltak satt opp for å forby adgang.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradvis ble ressursene statens eiendom, og " -"staten ble det primære verktøy for styring av disse ressursene. (Se figur 5)." +"allmenningen til egne formål. Dette kalles innkapsling av allemannseie." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> I gamle dager ble <quote>almuen</" +"quote> kastet ut fra eiendommene, gjerder og hekker reist, lover vedtatt og " +"sikringstiltak satt opp for å forby adgang.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/> Gradvis ble ressursene statens eiendom, og staten ble det primære " +"verktøy for styring av disse ressursene. (Se figur 5)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " +#| "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " +#| "cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and " +#| "resources became commodities sold to businesses to support production. " +#| "Monarchies evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers " +#| "earning money operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, " +#| "and property laws were revised by governments to support markets, growth, " +#| "and productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods " +#| "resulted in a rising standard of living, improved health, and education. " +#| "Fig. 6 shows how today the market is the primary means by which resources " +#| "are managed." msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1601,8 +1655,9 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" "Eierskap til land, vann og vilt ble distribuert til den herskende familien " "og politisk utvalgte. Vanlige borgere ble fordrevet fra landområdene og " @@ -1616,18 +1671,18 @@ msgstr "" "markedet i dag er hovedmåten for ressurshåndtering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "Allmenningen er gradvis erstattet av staten." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." @@ -1636,7 +1691,7 @@ msgstr "" "motvirket av ulik fordeling og rovdrift." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1646,16 +1701,16 @@ msgid "" "support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " "and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" -"Overutnyttelse var tema for Garrett Hardins innflytelsesrike essay om <quote>" -"Allmenningens tragedie</quote>, publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin hevder at " -"alle i et allemannseie søker å maksimere personlig vinning, og vil fortsette " -"å gjøre det selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet blir så, " -"tragisk nok, utarmet til et punkt der det ikke tjener noen. Hardins essay " -"ble allment akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for privat " -"eiendom og frie markeder." +"Overutnyttelse var tema for Garrett Hardins innflytelsesrike essay om " +"<quote>Allmenningens tragedie</quote>, publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin " +"hevder at alle i et allemannseie søker å maksimere personlig vinning, og vil " +"fortsette å gjøre det selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet " +"blir så, tragisk nok, utarmet til et punkt der det ikke tjener noen. Hardins " +"essay ble allment akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for " +"privat eiendom og frie markeder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1666,7 +1721,7 @@ msgstr "" "Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1701,7 +1756,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1723,7 +1778,7 @@ msgstr "" "Markedets tragedie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." @@ -1732,7 +1787,7 @@ msgstr "" "Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1746,16 +1801,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Hardins historie er basert på forutsetningen om begrensede ressurser. " "Økonomer har fokusert nesten utelukkende på knapphetsbaserte markeder. " -"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.<placeholder type=\"footnote\"" -" id=\"0\"/> Fremveksten av informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført til " -"en eksplosjon av digitale ressurser og nye delingsmåter og distribusjon. De " -"digitale ressursene kan aldri bli utarmet. Fravær av en teori eller modell " -"for hvordan overflod fungerer, har ledet markedet til å innføre kunstig " -"knapphet for digitale ressurser, noe som gjør det mulig å anvende markedets " -"vanlige normer og regler." +"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> Fremveksten av informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført " +"til en eksplosjon av digitale ressurser og nye delingsmåter og distribusjon. " +"De digitale ressursene kan aldri bli utarmet. Fravær av en teori eller " +"modell for hvordan overflod fungerer, har ledet markedet til å innføre " +"kunstig knapphet for digitale ressurser, noe som gjør det mulig å anvende " +"markedets vanlige normer og regler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1768,23 +1823,23 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelige for allmennheten som betalte for dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "Hvordan markedet, staten og allmenningen ser ut i dag." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "Den digitale revolusjonen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1795,12 +1850,12 @@ msgstr "" "bevegelsen denne delingspraksisen i et sett prinsipper og friheter:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "Friheten til å kjøre programmet som du ønsker, uansett hensikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1811,12 +1866,12 @@ msgstr "" "dine beregninger slik du ønsker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "Friheten til å videredistribuere kopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1827,7 +1882,7 @@ msgstr "" "2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -1836,7 +1891,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." @@ -1845,7 +1900,7 @@ msgstr "" "karakteriserer et digitalt felleseie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." @@ -1854,7 +1909,7 @@ msgstr "" "november 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1882,7 +1937,7 @@ msgstr "" "en proprietær lås på sentrale Internett-protokoller." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1895,7 +1950,7 @@ msgstr "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1917,7 +1972,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1942,7 +1997,7 @@ msgstr "" "alene, der andre ekskluderes fra å bruke det, uten tillatelse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1953,7 +2008,7 @@ msgstr "" "2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1965,16 +2020,16 @@ msgstr "" "verdifullt og underholdende innhold. Dette nærer fremvekst av relasjoner, i " "søken etter meningers endring, oppmuntring til gjøren, etterlatende " "omverdenen informert om hvem vi er og hva vi bryr oss om. Deling medfører en " -"opplevelse av å være involvert i verden.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/>" +"opplevelse av å være involvert i verden.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Creative Commons blir til" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1992,7 +2047,7 @@ msgstr "" "arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -2003,7 +2058,7 @@ msgstr "" "licensing-considerations/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -2032,7 +2087,7 @@ msgstr "" "selv forstår normer og regler for digitalt innhold i et allemannseie." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -2047,7 +2102,7 @@ msgstr "" "pedagogiske ressurser, musikk og andre lydspor, samt videoer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -2056,7 +2111,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -2075,7 +2130,7 @@ msgstr "" "referanseløsninger ble valgt for å reflektere dette mangfoldet.)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -2098,7 +2153,7 @@ msgstr "" "bevegelsen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -2113,7 +2168,7 @@ msgstr "" "tillatelser for alle til fritt å ha tilgang, bruke, og endre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -2124,7 +2179,7 @@ msgstr "" "Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -2148,22 +2203,22 @@ msgstr "" "betalte for dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "Markedet i forandring" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "Capra og Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "Ibid., 116." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -2190,7 +2245,7 @@ msgstr "" "demokratiske sammenbrudd.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -2201,7 +2256,7 @@ msgstr "" "globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -2216,7 +2271,7 @@ msgstr "" "bedre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -2233,7 +2288,7 @@ msgstr "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -2244,7 +2299,7 @@ msgstr "" "nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -2265,7 +2320,7 @@ msgstr "" "sikkerhet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." @@ -2274,7 +2329,7 @@ msgstr "" "Books, 2015), 42." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -2300,8 +2355,8 @@ msgstr "" "forstå som tradisjonell virksomhet i søken etter inntjening. Mye av " "delingsøkonomien handler ikke om allemannseier, eller det å bygge et " "alternativ til bedriftsdrevet markedsøkonomi: Det handler om å utvide det " -"deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre liv.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre " +"deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre liv.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Mens ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre " "referanseløsninger ville beskrive seg selv som en del av delingsøkonomien, " "er det faktisk noen viktige paralleller. Både delingsøkonomi og allmenneie " "gjør bedre bruk av eiendelens kapasitet. Delingsøkonomien ser på personlig " @@ -2310,7 +2365,7 @@ msgstr "" "personer som kan bruke og få verdi ut av en eiendel." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -2321,7 +2376,7 @@ msgstr "" "224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -2344,7 +2399,7 @@ msgstr "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -2368,7 +2423,7 @@ msgstr "" "og deltakelse er et felles mål. Deres mål er overflod fremfor knapphet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -2379,7 +2434,7 @@ msgstr "" "Macmillan, 2014), 273." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -2397,7 +2452,7 @@ msgstr "" "egne økonomiske modeller og praksiser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -2410,7 +2465,7 @@ msgstr "" "muligheten til å endre de normer og regler markedet fungerer etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -2421,7 +2476,7 @@ msgstr "" "from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." @@ -2430,7 +2485,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -2448,14 +2503,14 @@ msgstr "" "fordel for ens aksjonærer. Nye former for forretningsvirksomhet vokser frem. " "Det er veldedige sammenslutninger og sosiale foretak som utvider sine " "forretningsmål fra å gjøre fortjeneste til å gjøre en positiv innvirkning " -"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapseide og arbeidstakereide bedrifter, " +"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapseide og arbeidstakereide bedrifter, " "kooperativer, laug og andre organisasjonsformer er alternativer til " "tradisjonelle bedrifter. Samlet endrer disse alternative markedsaktørene " "markedets regler og normer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -2466,7 +2521,7 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -2483,7 +2538,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsmodeller.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." @@ -2492,7 +2547,7 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -2502,15 +2557,14 @@ msgid "" "d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" "Vi har laget et <quote>Åpent forretningsmodellrammeverk</quote>, utformet av " -"medforfatter Paul Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet fra <ulink url=\"" -"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/" -"1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. Du kan også finne " -"det medfølgende <quote>Spørsmål om åpen forretningsmodellrammeverk</quote> " -"fra <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/" -"1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"medforfatter Paul Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet fra <ulink url=\"http://" +"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit" +"\"/>. Du kan også finne det medfølgende <quote>Spørsmål om åpen " +"forretningsmodellrammeverk</quote> fra <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/" +"drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -2524,18 +2578,18 @@ msgid "" "model." msgstr "" "Den inneholder et <quote>forretningsmodellrammeverk</quote>, som tar " -"utgangspunkt i at en forretningsmodell består av ni byggesteiner.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Dette rammeverket kan tjene som et " -"verktøy for alle som vil lage sin egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset det " +"utgangspunkt i at en forretningsmodell består av ni byggesteiner." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Dette rammeverket kan tjene som " +"et verktøy for alle som vil lage sin egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset det " "til et lerret for en åpen virksomhetsmodell, og la til tre byggeklosser til, " "som alle passer for fellesskapsbedrifter i et hybridmarked: Sosial nytte, " -"Creative Commons-lisens, og <quote>typen åpent miljø virksomheten passer " -"i</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Dette forbedrede " +"Creative Commons-lisens, og <quote>typen åpent miljø virksomheten passer i</" +"quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Dette forbedrede " "rammeverket viste seg nyttig i analysen av bedrifter, og hjalp gründere å " "planlegge sin økonomiske modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -2559,7 +2613,7 @@ msgstr "" "ved hjelp av forhåndsdefinert modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -2575,7 +2629,7 @@ msgstr "" "business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -2602,12 +2656,12 @@ msgstr "" "til bærekraft." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "Fordelene med Digital Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -2620,7 +2674,7 @@ msgstr "" "felleseier. Digitale allmenneier tilbyr mange fordeler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2636,7 +2690,7 @@ msgstr "" "ekspertise." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2659,7 +2713,7 @@ msgstr "" "rettferdighet og redelighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2682,7 +2736,7 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnsnyttig praksis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2693,7 +2747,7 @@ msgstr "" "44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2713,14 +2767,14 @@ msgstr "" "opphavsmannen aldri hadde forestilt seg. Noen bestrebelser gjort med " "Creative Commons oppfordrer bevisst brukere til skape nye ting med " "ressursene som deles. Dermed flyttes forskning og utvikling fra utelukkende " -"å være internt i en organisasjon og ut til fellesskapet.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapsbasert nyskapning bidrar til å skjerpe en " -"organisasjon eller virksomhet. Den må fortsette å bidra med nye idéer, " +"å være internt i en organisasjon og ut til fellesskapet.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Fellesskapsbasert nyskapning bidrar til å skjerpe " +"en organisasjon eller virksomhet. Den må fortsette å bidra med nye idéer, " "absorbere og bygge videre på andres innovasjoner, forvalte ressursene og " "forholdet til fellesskapet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2743,7 +2797,7 @@ msgstr "" "som bruker og bygger videre på deres arbeide." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2769,7 +2823,7 @@ msgstr "" "den samlede verdien av allemannseiet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2796,7 +2850,7 @@ msgstr "" "sosiale engasjement, ikke ved utveksling av penger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2808,12 +2862,12 @@ msgstr "" "administrere ressurser som i felleseie være det klare alternativet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "Våre referansestudier" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2835,7 +2889,7 @@ msgstr "" "den finansielle bunnlinjen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2850,7 +2904,7 @@ msgstr "" "er nådd, og hvor bærekraftig organisasjonen er." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2869,7 +2923,7 @@ msgstr "" "opprinnelig digitale, men kan gjøres til fysiske ressurser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2884,7 +2938,7 @@ msgstr "" "alle uavhengig av økonomiske midler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2897,7 +2951,7 @@ msgstr "" "dette globale samfunnet leder til suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2922,7 +2976,7 @@ msgstr "" "allmenneier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2939,7 +2993,7 @@ msgstr "" "er et mer balansert alternativ mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2956,17 +3010,17 @@ msgstr "" "innsikt i hvordan dette virker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Hvordan være gjort med Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2996,7 +3050,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgang til dem, men ogsåkan bruke dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -3016,7 +3070,7 @@ msgstr "" "definisjoner av suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -3026,7 +3080,7 @@ msgstr "" "ganske forskjellig fra den som dukket frem i våre intervjuer og forskning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -3044,7 +3098,7 @@ msgstr "" "på forretningsvirksomhet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -3055,7 +3109,7 @@ msgstr "" "på <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -3068,15 +3122,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Ifølge den banebrytende håndboken Business Model Generation, en " "forretningsmodell som <quote>beskriver begrunnelsen for hvordan en " -"organisasjon skaper, leverer og får tak i verdi</quote>.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tenking om deling i betydningen å skape og få tak i " +"organisasjon skaper, leverer og får tak i verdi</quote>.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tenking om deling i betydningen å skape og få tak i " "verdier, føltes alltid uriktig transaksjonsbasert og malplassert, noe vi " "hørte gang på gang i våre intervjuer. Og som Cory Doctorow fortalte oss i " "vårt intervju med ham, <quote>forretningsmodell kan bety alt noen mener det " "skal bety</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -3089,7 +3143,7 @@ msgstr "" "som som vår styrende overskrift for boken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -3108,7 +3162,7 @@ msgstr "" "måten å tenke på før du leser videre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -3130,7 +3184,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsperspektiv, kan være litt utenfor sporet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -3145,7 +3199,7 @@ msgstr "" "symbolikken har mange lag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -3170,7 +3224,7 @@ msgstr "" "De gjenspeiler en tro på løftet om å dele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -3193,7 +3247,7 @@ msgstr "" "markedstransaksjon. Det muliggjør kontakt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -3208,7 +3262,7 @@ msgstr "" "syn på suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." @@ -3217,7 +3271,7 @@ msgstr "" "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -3243,7 +3297,7 @@ msgstr "" "og betydning</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -3258,12 +3312,12 @@ msgstr "" "klare fremskritt for dette sosiale formålet, og å bruke lisensene kan være " "forskjellen mellom legitimitet og hykleri. Medgrunnlegger Edward Boatman i " "Noun-prosjektet fortalte at de ikke kunne ha formulert sitt samfunnsoppdrag " -"med å dele <quote>with a straight face</quote> (<quote>holde masken</quote> " -")hvis de ikke var villig til å vise verden at det var OK å dele innholdet " -"med en Creative Commons-lisens." +"med å dele <quote>with a straight face</quote> (<quote>holde masken</" +"quote> )hvis de ikke var villig til å vise verden at det var OK å dele " +"innholdet med en Creative Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -3283,7 +3337,7 @@ msgstr "" "del for å oppnå suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -3294,7 +3348,7 @@ msgstr "" "nok til å holde ting gående." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -3308,19 +3362,20 @@ msgstr "" "Kostnadene for å drive forretninger varierer mye for de som bruker CC, men " "det er vanligvis en mye lavere terskel for lønnsomhet enn det pleide å være " "for kreative geskjefter. Digital teknologi har gjort det enklere enn " -"noensinne å lage og distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok <quote>" -"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</quote>: <quote>Hvis analoge kroner har " -"snudd til digitale ører (som kritikere av annonsestøttede media vil ha det " -"til), er det et faktum at muligheten til å drive forretning med like mye " -"reklame som sine forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen er der</quote>." +"noensinne å lage og distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok " +"<quote>Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free</quote>: <quote>Hvis analoge " +"kroner har snudd til digitale ører (som kritikere av annonsestøttede media " +"vil ha det til), er det et faktum at muligheten til å drive forretning med " +"like mye reklame som sine forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen er der</" +"quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "Ibid., 55." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -3345,7 +3400,7 @@ msgstr "" "egen overbevisning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3356,7 +3411,7 @@ msgstr "" "2010), 224." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -3379,12 +3434,12 @@ msgstr "" "ervervelse, som turneer eller tilpasset opplæring." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -3407,14 +3462,14 @@ msgstr "" "forleggere. Doctorow skrev: <quote>Hvis du er en innholdsleverandør som " "aldri fikk imperialistiske makters miskunn, er dette din tid. Der du en gang " "sto uten mulighet til å nå ut til et publikum uten hjelp av " -"industridominerende megaselskaper, har du nå hundrevis av måter å omgå " -"dem</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tidligere krevde " +"industridominerende megaselskaper, har du nå hundrevis av måter å omgå dem</" +"quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Tidligere krevde " "distribusjon av skapende arbeid kostnadene som trengs for å opprettholde en " "monolittisk enhet. Nå kan skaperne gjøre jobben selv. Dette betyr at de " "finansielle kravene til kreative aktiviteter kan være mye mer beskjedne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -3439,7 +3494,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -3454,7 +3509,7 @@ msgstr "" "måten å operere på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -3465,12 +3520,12 @@ msgstr "" "første problemet</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "Problem Null: Å bli oppdaget" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." @@ -3479,7 +3534,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." @@ -3488,7 +3543,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 64." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -3520,11 +3575,11 @@ msgstr "" "bredspektrede <quote>treff</quote>, og mer om mikromarkeder for hver enkelt " "nisje. Som Anderson skrev, <quote>Vi er alle forskjellige, med forskjellige " "ønsker og behov, og Internett har plass til alle disse, på en måte som " -"fysiske markeder ikke makter</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"" -"/> Vi begrenses ikke lenger av det som appellerer til massene." +"fysiske markeder ikke makter</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> Vi begrenses ikke lenger av det som appellerer til massene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." @@ -3533,12 +3588,12 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 66." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." @@ -3547,7 +3602,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -3568,22 +3623,22 @@ msgstr "" "er enklere enn i den analoge verden, kan det rent praktisk fortsatt være " "vanskelig å faktisk bli lagt merke til. Internettets innholdsflod vokser " "minutt for minutt. Som innholdsleverandør konkurrerer du også mot " -"kreativitet generert utenfor markedet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"" -"/> Som Anderson skrev, <quote>Den største endringen det siste tiåret har " -"vært et skifte i tiden folk bruker på amatørinnhold, snarere enn " +"kreativitet generert utenfor markedet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Som Anderson skrev, <quote>Den største endringen det siste tiåret " +"har vært et skifte i tiden folk bruker på amatørinnhold, snarere enn " "profesjonelt innhold</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> For å " "toppe det hele må du konkurrere med resten av livene deres, – <quote>venner, " -"familie, musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og kvelder på byen</quote>.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> På én eller annen måte må du bli " +"familie, musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og kvelder på byen</quote>." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> På én eller annen måte må du bli " "lagt merke til av de rette folkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 62." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -3612,12 +3667,12 @@ msgstr "" "dine verk med andre problemet verre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -3625,12 +3680,12 @@ msgid "" "quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig, å bli oppdaget av folk som liker arbeidet gjør deg ikke " -"bemidlet - så langt derifra. Som Cory Doctorow dog sier, <quote>" -"anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk " -"suksess</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"bemidlet - så langt derifra. Som Cory Doctorow dog sier, " +"<quote>anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for " +"kunstnerisk suksess</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -3651,12 +3706,12 @@ msgstr "" "velvilje i samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -3674,7 +3729,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -3692,7 +3747,7 @@ msgstr "" "det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -3711,8 +3766,8 @@ msgstr "" "tid og ressurser andre steder enn å leke katt-og-mus med folk som vil " "kopiere og dele innholdet ditt. Lizzy Jongma fra Rijksmuseum sa, <quote>vi " "kan bruke mye penger på å prøve å beskytte verkene, men folk kommer til å " -"gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet</quote>" -". I stedet startet de å utgi høyoppløselige digitale kopier fra sine " +"gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet</" +"quote>. I stedet startet de å utgi høyoppløselige digitale kopier fra sine " "samlinger i det offentlige rom, gratis, fra sin hjemmeside. For dem var " "deling en form for kvalitetskontroll av kopiene som ville blitt delt på " "nettet uansett. Å gjøre dette betød å gi avkall på inntektene fra tidligere " @@ -3720,12 +3775,12 @@ msgstr "" "for alle mulighetene deling brakte dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 86." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -3737,19 +3792,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Å gjøre ting med Creative Commons betyr at du slutter å tenke ut måter å " "kunstig gjøre innholdet til et knapphetsgode, og i stedet utnytte det som " -"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Når du ser informasjonsoverflod som en egenskap, ikke en feil, " +"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Når du ser informasjonsoverflod som en egenskap, ikke en feil, " "begynner du å tenke på måter å bruke denne tomgangskapasiteten til din " "fordel. Som min venn og kollega Eric Steuer engang sa, <quote>å bruke CC-" "lisenser viser at du har forstått Internett</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -3772,7 +3827,7 @@ msgstr "" "annen måte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." @@ -3781,12 +3836,12 @@ msgstr "" "fordel. Her er noen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "Bruk CC for å finne et større publikum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -3804,12 +3859,12 @@ msgstr "" "Den kan fungere som et lite klapp på skulderen til de som kommer over " "arbeidet – et lite dytt til å kopiere verket hvis de har litt lyst til å " "gjøre det. Forutsatt at alt annet er likt, hvis ett stykke innhold har et " -"skilt som sier <quote>del</quote> og det andre sier <quote>Ikke del</quote> (" -"som er det <quote>©</quote> betyr), hvilket tror du det er mer sannsynlig at " -"folk deler?" +"skilt som sier <quote>del</quote> og det andre sier <quote>Ikke del</quote> " +"(som er det <quote>©</quote> betyr), hvilket tror du det er mer sannsynlig " +"at folk deler?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -3824,12 +3879,12 @@ msgstr "" "akademiske forfattere som ønsker å nå så mange lesere som mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 123." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -3856,17 +3911,17 @@ msgstr "" "det mer sannsynlig at det blir spredt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "Ibid., 132." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "Ibid., 70." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -3886,12 +3941,12 @@ msgstr "" "\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "Bruk av CC for å få henvisninger og anerkjennelse" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -3902,7 +3957,7 @@ msgstr "" "er, er hvor sjelden de må hentes frem.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -3926,15 +3981,15 @@ msgstr "" "normer. Faktisk er det sosiale normer, heller enn trusselen om juridiske " "håndhevelse, som oftest uansett motiverer folk til å henvise, og ellers " "overholde lisensvilkårene i CC. Dette er kjennetegnet på et velfungerende " -"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet som sådan.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-lisenser gjenspeiler et sett ønsker fra " +"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet som sådan.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-lisenser gjenspeiler et sett ønsker fra " "bidragsyterne, og i de aller fleste tilfeller er folk naturligvis " "tilbøyelige til å følge disse ønskene. Dette er spesielt tilfellet for noe " "så enkelt, og i samsvar med grunnleggende forestillinger om rimelighet, som " "å gi henvisning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -3960,7 +4015,7 @@ msgstr "" "sitere arbeidet ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -3985,7 +4040,7 @@ msgstr "" "designet blir en spesiell del av produktet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -4002,12 +4057,12 @@ msgstr "" "det å være en pålitelig informasjonskilde mer verdifullt enn noensinne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "Å bruke CC-lisensiert innhold som markedsføringsverktøy" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -4024,12 +4079,12 @@ msgstr "" "innholdet trekke folk til dine andre produkter eller tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 44." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -4058,7 +4113,7 @@ msgstr "" "en form for markedsføring." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -4075,8 +4130,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "I noen tilfeller trenger arbeid gjort med Creative Commons ikke engang egne " "markedsføringsteam eller -budsjetter. Cards Against Humanity er et CC-" -"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig per gratis nedlasting. På grunn av dette, (" -"takket være spillets CC-lisens,) sier de som laget det at det er en av de " +"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig per gratis nedlasting. På grunn av dette, " +"(takket være spillets CC-lisens,) sier de som laget det at det er en av de " "best markedsførte spillene i verden, og at de ikke har brukt én krone på " "markedsføring. Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax har også sluppet å ansette et " "markedsføringslag. Deres produkter er gratis, eller billigere å kjøpe som " @@ -4087,14 +4142,14 @@ msgstr "" "dermed OpenStax-lærebøker)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" "Bruk av CC til å aktivere egenhendig engasjement, altså aktiv deltakelse i " "og med arbeidet ditt" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -4107,12 +4162,12 @@ msgstr "" "i skapende arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -4136,22 +4191,22 @@ msgstr "" "viktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 67." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "Ibid., 58." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." @@ -4160,7 +4215,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -4185,16 +4240,16 @@ msgstr "" "folk betaler mer for produkter de har hatt en rolle i å lage.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Vi vet også at å skape noe, uansett i hvilken " "kapasitet, bringer med seg en slags kreativ tilfredshet som ikke lar seg " -"erstatte av å bruke noe laget av andre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"3\"/>" +"erstatte av å bruke noe laget av andre.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"3\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "Ibid., 21." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -4214,17 +4269,17 @@ msgstr "" "arbeidet ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "Bruk av CC for å skille seg ut" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -4251,12 +4306,12 @@ msgstr "" "reglene</quote>, sa David. <quote>Lag dine egne regler.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "Å tjene penger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -4269,7 +4324,7 @@ msgstr "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -4299,12 +4354,12 @@ msgstr "" "markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i forståelse av gjensidighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -4324,7 +4379,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -4341,17 +4396,17 @@ msgstr "" "abstraksjonsnivå, kan være lærerikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "Markedsbaserte inntektsstrømmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." @@ -4360,7 +4415,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -4371,22 +4426,22 @@ msgid "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" "I markedet er det sentrale spørsmålet når vi bestemmer hvordan vi skal få " -"inntekter, hvor mye folk er villige til å betale.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Per definisjon, hvis du gjør ting med Creative " -"Commons, er innholdet du gir tilgjengelig gratis og ikke en markedsvare. I " -"den allestedsnærværende freemium-modellen (som kombinerer <quote>free</quote>" -" og <quote>premium</quote>-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, der " +"inntekter, hvor mye folk er villige til å betale.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> Per definisjon, hvis du gjør ting med Creative Commons, er " +"innholdet du gir tilgjengelig gratis og ikke en markedsvare. I den " +"allestedsnærværende freemium-modellen (som kombinerer <quote>free</quote> og " +"<quote>premium</quote>-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, der " "inntjeningen ligger i premium-utgaven), må enhver markedstransaksjon med en " "forbruker av innholdet være basert på en verdiøkning du tilbyr.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 71." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -4417,12 +4472,12 @@ msgstr "" "opp imot tyngdekraften</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "Ibid., 231." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -4445,7 +4500,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -4462,7 +4517,7 @@ msgstr "" "with Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -4476,12 +4531,12 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "Her er de vanligste høynivå kategoriene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" @@ -4490,12 +4545,12 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "Ibid., 97." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -4516,18 +4571,18 @@ msgstr "" "skreddersydde sangtilbudet fra Jonathan <quote>en-sang-om-dagen</quote> Mann." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Å ta betalt for den fysiske kopien <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 107." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -4571,13 +4626,13 @@ msgstr "" "andre tradisjonelle forretningsprinsipper." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -4595,12 +4650,12 @@ msgstr "" "et tale- eller opplæringskurs." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Å selge handelsvarer <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -4613,12 +4668,12 @@ msgstr "" "viktig inntektskilde for museer og gallerier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -4644,23 +4699,23 @@ msgstr "" "å betale for, du kan også levere andre tjenester." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Ta betalt fra annonsører og sponsorer <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "Ibid., 92." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "Anderson, Free, 142." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -4687,13 +4742,13 @@ msgstr "" "sponsor av et bestemt innhold, prosjekter eller oppgaven som sådan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" "Betaling fra dine innholdsleverandører <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -4717,17 +4772,17 @@ msgstr "" "nettside." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Transaksjonsgebyr <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "Osterwalder og Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4751,7 +4806,7 @@ msgstr "" "på plattformen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4759,7 +4814,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -4776,12 +4831,12 @@ msgstr "" "dataene de bidrar med til plattformen mer synlige og gjenbrukbare." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Lisensiere et varemerke <emphasis>[MARKEDSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -4802,12 +4857,12 @@ msgstr "" "fordelen av overfloden av CC-innhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "Gjensidighetsbaserte inntektsstrømmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -4820,7 +4875,7 @@ msgstr "" "om å tjene penger på knapphet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -4843,7 +4898,7 @@ msgstr "" "gitt og mottatt er helt lik</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -4858,17 +4913,17 @@ msgstr "" "hjelper menneskeheten i sin overlevelse og utvikling</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "Ibid., 134." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -4882,7 +4937,7 @@ msgstr "" "verdi.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" @@ -4890,7 +4945,7 @@ msgstr "" "emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -4916,12 +4971,12 @@ msgstr "" "strategien lykkes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen <emphasis>[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -4943,12 +4998,12 @@ msgstr "" "kan finne en måte å få det gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "Folkefinansiering <emphasis>[GJENSIDIGHETSBASERT]</emphasis>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -4979,7 +5034,7 @@ msgstr "" "Selvfølgelig</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -4996,12 +5051,12 @@ msgstr "" "biblioteksamfunnet, og ideen om åpen tilgang generelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "Å bygge menneskelige forbindelser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -5017,21 +5072,22 @@ msgid "" "of the fabric of being Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Uansett hvordan de tjente penger, hørte vi gjentatte ganger i våre " -"intervjuer ord som <quote>å overtale folk til å kjøpe</quote> og <quote>" -"invitere folk til å betale</quote>. Vi hørte det selv i forbindelse med " -"inntektsstrømmer som er helt og holdent internt i markedet. Cory Doctorow " -"fortalte oss, <quote>Jeg må overbevise mine lesere om at det riktige å gjøre " -"er å betale meg</quote>. Grunnleggerne av det kommersielle selskapet Lumen " -"Learning, viste oss brevet de sender til dem som velger å ikke betale for " -"tjenestene de leverer med sitt CC-lisensierte utdanningsinnhold. Det er ikke " -"et «cease-and-desist»-brev («oppsigelsebrev»); det er en invitasjon til å " -"betale fordi det er den riktige tingen å gjøre. Denne typen atferd overfor " -"hva som kan anses som ikke betalende kunder, er hovedsakelig uhørt på den " -"tradisjonelle markedsplassen. Men det synes å være en del av strukturen i å " -"være gjort med Creative Commons." +"intervjuer ord som <quote>å overtale folk til å kjøpe</quote> og " +"<quote>invitere folk til å betale</quote>. Vi hørte det selv i forbindelse " +"med inntektsstrømmer som er helt og holdent internt i markedet. Cory " +"Doctorow fortalte oss, <quote>Jeg må overbevise mine lesere om at det " +"riktige å gjøre er å betale meg</quote>. Grunnleggerne av det kommersielle " +"selskapet Lumen Learning, viste oss brevet de sender til dem som velger å " +"ikke betale for tjenestene de leverer med sitt CC-lisensierte " +"utdanningsinnhold. Det er ikke et «cease-and-desist»-brev " +"(«oppsigelsebrev»); det er en invitasjon til å betale fordi det er den " +"riktige tingen å gjøre. Denne typen atferd overfor hva som kan anses som " +"ikke betalende kunder, er hovedsakelig uhørt på den tradisjonelle " +"markedsplassen. Men det synes å være en del av strukturen i å være gjort med " +"Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -5048,7 +5104,7 @@ msgstr "" "de gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -5058,7 +5114,7 @@ msgstr "" "rene markedstermer, var sterkt knyttet til å bruke Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -5069,7 +5125,7 @@ msgstr "" "feil på så mange punkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -5090,7 +5146,7 @@ msgstr "" "utvide synsfeltet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -5115,7 +5171,7 @@ msgstr "" "verdier, med hverandre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -5129,12 +5185,12 @@ msgstr "" "deling virkelig ser ut." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "Vær menneskelig" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." @@ -5143,7 +5199,7 @@ msgstr "" "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -5160,7 +5216,7 @@ msgstr "" "kan det også gjøre det lett å glemme at vi arbeider med et annet menneske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." @@ -5169,7 +5225,7 @@ msgstr "" "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -5196,7 +5252,7 @@ msgstr "" "det</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -5219,12 +5275,12 @@ msgstr "" "fall ikke på en meningsfylt måte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "Kramer, Shareology, 76." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -5245,22 +5301,22 @@ msgstr "" "Du kan ikke forfalske det å være menneske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "Vær åpen og ansvarlig" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -5277,24 +5333,24 @@ msgstr "" "Humanity fortalte oss, <quote>En av de mest overraskende tingene du kan " "gjøre i kapitalismen, er bare å være ærlig med folk</quote>. Det betyr at du " "deler det gode og det dårlige. Som Amanda Palmer skrev, <quote>Du kan fikse " -"nesten alt med ekte og pålitelig kommunikasjon</quote>.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det handler ikke om å prøve å tilfredsstille alle, " +"nesten alt med ekte og pålitelig kommunikasjon</quote>.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det handler ikke om å prøve å tilfredsstille alle, " "eller prøver å glatte over feil eller dårlige nyheter, men i stedet forklare " "hvordan du har tenkt, og så være forberedt på å forsvare det når folk er " "kritiske.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -5323,22 +5379,22 @@ msgstr "" "måte å få folk involvert og investert i det du gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "Design for de gode aktører" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "Ibid., 31." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -5355,11 +5411,11 @@ msgid "" "Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" "Tradisjonell økonomi forutsetter at folk tar avgjørelser basert utelukkende " -"ut fra sin økonomiske egeninteresse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" -" Ethvert relativt selvanalyserende menneske vet at dette er en fiksjon – vi " +"ut fra sin økonomiske egeninteresse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Ethvert relativt selvanalyserende menneske vet at dette er en fiksjon – vi " "er mye mer kompliserte vesener med en hel rekke behov, følelser og " -"motivasjoner. Faktisk er vi bundet til å samarbeide og sikre rettferdighet.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Å gjøre ting med Creative Commons " +"motivasjoner. Faktisk er vi bundet til å samarbeide og sikre rettferdighet." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Å gjøre ting med Creative Commons " "forutsetter en oppfatning om at folk i stor grad vil handle ut fra disse " "sosiale motivasjonene, motivasjoner som ville bli betraktet som " "<quote>irrasjonelle</quote> i økonomisk forstand. Som Pinter i Knowlegde " @@ -5370,12 +5426,12 @@ msgstr "" "Commons-design er for de gode aktørene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -5396,12 +5452,12 @@ msgstr "" "stimulerer og fremhever våre sosiale instinkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -5424,22 +5480,22 @@ msgstr "" "av dem.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Som oftest gjør de det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "Å behandle mennesker som, vel, mennesker" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -5462,7 +5518,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -5474,17 +5530,17 @@ msgstr "" "med brukere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "Ibid., 105." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -5511,12 +5567,12 @@ msgstr "" "dramatisk endre dynamikken.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "Legg frem dine prinsipper og hold deg til dem" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -5537,7 +5593,7 @@ msgstr "" "separate sosiale oppgave. Ofte begge." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -5558,12 +5614,12 @@ msgstr "" "arbeider." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "Ibid., 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -5578,12 +5634,12 @@ msgstr "" "bygger tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "Å bygge et fellesskap" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." @@ -5592,7 +5648,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 36." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -5606,24 +5662,24 @@ msgstr "" "Innhold gjort med Made with Creative Commons blomstrer når allmenneier er " "bygget rundt det de gjør. Dette kan bety at et fellesskap samarbeider om å " "skape noe nytt, eller det kan være en samling av likesinnede som blir kjent " -"med hverandre, og samles rundt felles interesser eller oppfatninger.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Til en viss grad bringer bruk av " +"med hverandre, og samles rundt felles interesser eller oppfatninger." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Til en viss grad bringer bruk av " "Creative Commons automatisk med seg elementer av fellesskap, med hjelp til å " "koble deg til likesinnede som gjenkjenner og trekkes til verdiene som " "symboliseres ved å bruke CC." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -5652,17 +5708,17 @@ msgstr "" "organisasjoner</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -5681,15 +5737,15 @@ msgstr "" "sikre at folk jobber for gruppens interesse, og ikke i sin egen. Og når det " "er mangel på tillit mellom medlemmer av gruppen (som ikke bør overraske gitt " "at de egentlig ikke kjenner hverandre), blir en betraktelig del av energien " -"kastet bort ved å prøve å avklare hverandres ærlige hensikter</quote>.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Å bygge ekte fellesskap forutsetter " -"å gi folk i fellesskapet makt til å lage eller påvirke reglene som styrer " -"fellesskapet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Hvis reglene lages " -"og innføres ovenfra og ned, føler folk at de ikke har noe å si, som igjen " -"fører til at de trekker seg ut." +"kastet bort ved å prøve å avklare hverandres ærlige hensikter</quote>." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Å bygge ekte fellesskap " +"forutsetter å gi folk i fellesskapet makt til å lage eller påvirke reglene " +"som styrer fellesskapet.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Hvis " +"reglene lages og innføres ovenfra og ned, føler folk at de ikke har noe å " +"si, som igjen fører til at de trekker seg ut." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." @@ -5699,12 +5755,12 @@ msgstr "" "deling betyr." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "Gi mer til fellesskapet enn du tar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -5717,7 +5773,7 @@ msgstr "" "at-all\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." @@ -5726,7 +5782,7 @@ msgstr "" "ny epolog (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -5753,7 +5809,7 @@ msgstr "" "deling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -5764,7 +5820,7 @@ msgstr "" "news/technology-35709680\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -5791,7 +5847,7 @@ msgstr "" "organisere og effektivt vise arbeidet deres på sin plattform." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -5810,28 +5866,28 @@ msgstr "" "du leverer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "Involver folk i det du gjør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 148." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "Whitehurst, forord til Open Organization." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -5857,12 +5913,12 @@ msgstr "" "beslaglegge mye tid.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -5882,17 +5938,17 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "Ibid., 154." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -5916,26 +5972,26 @@ msgstr "" "virkelig utrolige og inspirerende. Men i en rekke tilfeller, kanskje de " "fleste av dem – inngår ikke å lage noe i fellesskap i ligningen, selv med " "innsats bygget på CC-innhold. <quote>Noen ganger trumfer verdien av " -"profesjonelt arbeid amatørdeling eller en følelse av tilhørighet</quote><" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>, skrev Shirky. Lærebokutgiveren " -"OpenStax, som distribuerer alt sitt materiale gratis med CC-lisensiering, er " -"et eksempel på denne dynamikken. I stedet for å tappe fellesskapet for " -"samlede bidrag til sine college-lærebøker, investerer de en betydelig mengde " -"tid og penger på å utvikle faglig innhold. For individuelle " -"innholdsleverandører, der det kreative arbeidet er grunnlaget for hva de " -"gjør, er å lage noe i fellesskap kun sjelden en del av bildet. Selv " -"musikeren Amanda Palmer, kjent for sin åpenhet og gode forhold til fansen, " -"sa, <quote>Det eneste området der jeg ikke var åpen for innspill var i " -"skrivingen, musikken i seg selv</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"1\"/>" +"profesjonelt arbeid amatørdeling eller en følelse av tilhørighet</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>, skrev Shirky. " +"Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax, som distribuerer alt sitt materiale gratis med CC-" +"lisensiering, er et eksempel på denne dynamikken. I stedet for å tappe " +"fellesskapet for samlede bidrag til sine college-lærebøker, investerer de en " +"betydelig mengde tid og penger på å utvikle faglig innhold. For " +"individuelle innholdsleverandører, der det kreative arbeidet er grunnlaget " +"for hva de gjør, er å lage noe i fellesskap kun sjelden en del av bildet. " +"Selv musikeren Amanda Palmer, kjent for sin åpenhet og gode forhold til " +"fansen, sa, <quote>Det eneste området der jeg ikke var åpen for innspill " +"var i skrivingen, musikken i seg selv</quote>.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "Anderson, Makers, 173." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." @@ -5944,7 +6000,7 @@ msgstr "" "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -5971,7 +6027,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." @@ -5980,7 +6036,7 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -5999,16 +6055,16 @@ msgstr "" "Commons kan være Wikipedia, men enhver oppgave kan finne måter å invitere " "publikum med på hva som gjøres. Målet for alle former for samarbeid er å " "bevege seg bort fra å tenke på forbrukere som passive mottakere av innholdet " -"ditt, og ta imot deres aktive deltagelse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"1\"/>" +"ditt, og ta imot deres aktive deltagelse.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Creative Commons-lisensene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -6034,29 +6090,29 @@ msgstr "" "patenter eller varemerker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "Her er de seks lisensene:" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -6069,12 +6125,12 @@ msgstr "" "tilbys. Anbefalt for maksimal spredning og bruk av lisensiert materiale." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -6092,12 +6148,12 @@ msgstr "" "bruk." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -6108,12 +6164,12 @@ msgstr "" "kreditert deg." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -6126,12 +6182,12 @@ msgstr "" "på samme vilkår." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -6142,12 +6198,12 @@ msgstr "" "krediterer deg, og lisensierer sine nye arbeider på samme vilkår." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -6160,7 +6216,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke endre dem eller bruke dem kommersielt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -6172,12 +6228,12 @@ msgstr "" "har utløpt:" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." @@ -6187,12 +6243,12 @@ msgstr "" "(<quote>ingen rettigheter reservert</quote>)." #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -6201,7 +6257,7 @@ msgstr "" "som allerede er fri for kjente opphavsrettsrestriksjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -6222,7 +6278,7 @@ msgstr "" "forsterker de sitt engasjement og forpliktelse til å dele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -6248,7 +6304,7 @@ msgstr "" "kopier av verket ditt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -6275,7 +6331,7 @@ msgstr "" "plateselskap ville oppdage arbeidet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -6288,7 +6344,7 @@ msgstr "" "medisinske emnet er særlig viktig å få riktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -6311,12 +6367,12 @@ msgstr "" "normer på tvers av alle domener." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "Merk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -6329,12 +6385,12 @@ msgstr "" "share-your-work/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "Referansestudiene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -6353,7 +6409,7 @@ msgstr "" "ble valgt av oss." #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -6368,12 +6424,12 @@ msgstr "" "det ble fortalt oss på av dem vi intervjuet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "Arduino" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -6382,12 +6438,12 @@ msgstr "" "datautstyr og programvare. Grunnlagt i 2005 i Italia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -6399,14 +6455,14 @@ msgstr "" "deres navn)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 4. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" @@ -6415,25 +6471,25 @@ msgstr "" "Igoe, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -6459,7 +6515,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisens (CC BY-SA), og programvare med GNU General Public License." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -6477,7 +6533,7 @@ msgstr "" "kunst)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -6494,7 +6550,7 @@ msgstr "" "vi til og med hadde tenkt å lage</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -6513,7 +6569,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjør det enklere å stole på et produkt</quote>, etter Toms syn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -6529,7 +6585,7 @@ msgstr "" "måter. Inntekter fra Tinker ble investert i å opprettholde og styrke Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -6546,7 +6602,7 @@ msgstr "" "produktet ditt skal selges." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -6571,7 +6627,7 @@ msgstr "" "pris, vil folk kjøpe det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -6599,7 +6655,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig kunnskap til hjelp både for nybegynnere og eksperter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -6615,7 +6671,7 @@ msgstr "" "kunder, men som også var høy nok til å opprettholde virksomheten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -6630,7 +6686,7 @@ msgstr "" "slik fri programvare bare hjelpe deg</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -6653,7 +6709,7 @@ msgstr "" "den nye versjonen er like fri og åpen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -6674,12 +6730,12 @@ msgstr "" "bruker og innlemmer i nye produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -6702,7 +6758,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -6727,7 +6783,7 @@ msgstr "" "etter dette." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -6750,7 +6806,7 @@ msgstr "" "lavkvalitetskopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -6768,7 +6824,7 @@ msgstr "" "varemerke-lisensiering ble Arduinos inntektsgenererende modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -6785,12 +6841,12 @@ msgstr "" "merkevarebygging har vært et kritisk verktøy for Arduino." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -6818,7 +6874,7 @@ msgstr "" "og forfalskninger.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -6833,7 +6889,7 @@ msgstr "" "som hjelper andre mennesker å lage ting</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -6849,7 +6905,7 @@ msgstr "" "er en ferdighet som alle burde lære</quote>, sier Tom." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -6860,12 +6916,12 @@ msgstr "" "produksjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "Ártica" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -6876,12 +6932,12 @@ msgstr "" "og kultur. Grunnlagt i 2011 i Uruguay." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" @@ -6890,12 +6946,12 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 9. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" @@ -6904,21 +6960,21 @@ msgstr "" "Gemetto, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -6931,12 +6987,12 @@ msgstr "" "en de har bygget selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "Drømmejobbene deres eksisterer ikke, så de laget dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -6958,7 +7014,7 @@ msgstr "" "Internettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -6983,7 +7039,7 @@ msgstr "" "eller mellommenn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -7004,7 +7060,7 @@ msgstr "" "og tar betalt for den personlige tilpasningen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -7020,7 +7076,7 @@ msgstr "" "oppmerksomhet, og tilby kurs i mer spesialiserte emner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -7035,7 +7091,7 @@ msgstr "" "mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -7050,7 +7106,7 @@ msgstr "" "hver ny ressurs de lager åpner nye dører." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -7080,7 +7136,7 @@ msgstr "" "balansert og etisk avtale.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -7095,7 +7151,7 @@ msgstr "" "til å åpne opp nye muligheter for sin virksomhet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -7116,7 +7172,7 @@ msgstr "" "produkt, som et kurs eller en bok.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -7134,7 +7190,7 @@ msgstr "" "På mange måter er prosessen for dem like viktig som sluttproduktet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -7149,7 +7205,7 @@ msgstr "" "Den viktige tingen er relasjonene.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -7160,7 +7216,7 @@ msgstr "" "sine kunnskaper." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -7185,7 +7241,7 @@ msgstr "" "deres arbeid er målet om å demokratisere kunst og kultur." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -7203,7 +7259,7 @@ msgstr "" "er den en suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -7218,7 +7274,7 @@ msgstr "" "personlig formål og mening, og gjøre det bærekraftig og sammen med andre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -7233,12 +7289,12 @@ msgstr "" "vise dem et annet bilde av hvordan suksess ser ut.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "Blender-instituttet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -7247,12 +7303,12 @@ msgstr "" "programvaresystemet Blender. Grunnlagt i 2006 i Nederland." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" @@ -7261,12 +7317,12 @@ msgstr "" "(abonnementsbasert), betaling for fysiske kopier, varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 8. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" @@ -7275,7 +7331,7 @@ msgstr "" "produksjonsleder" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -7296,7 +7352,7 @@ msgstr "" "fordel for Blender og Blenders fellesskap helt konkret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -7315,7 +7371,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosess der det kreative og tekniske fellesskapet arbeider sammen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -7328,7 +7384,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke lager innhold med dine egne verktøy, så gjør du ikke storverk.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -7349,7 +7405,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig under GNU General Public License." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -7373,7 +7429,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosjektet kunne leve.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -7390,7 +7446,7 @@ msgstr "" "programvareutviklingen og vedlikeholdet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -7409,7 +7465,7 @@ msgstr "" "av høy kvalitet, de skulle forbedre Blenders programvare i prosessen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -7428,7 +7484,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -7443,7 +7499,7 @@ msgstr "" "figurene ble plukket opp av markedsførere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -7468,7 +7524,7 @@ msgstr "" "kan ansette dem alle på grunn av budsjettbegrensninger.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -7487,7 +7543,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosjektene</quote>, sa Francesco." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -7504,7 +7560,7 @@ msgstr "" "han. <quote>Det er mye moro, men så slutter det. Det er et problem.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -7533,7 +7589,7 @@ msgstr "" "biblioteker med rollemodeller og andre ressurser til bruk i ulike prosjekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -7546,7 +7602,7 @@ msgstr "" "oss, <quote>og for kunstnere er frihet alt</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -7563,7 +7619,7 @@ msgstr "" "skjorter og andre Blender-produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -7576,7 +7632,7 @@ msgstr "" "Å selge en lisens har aldri vært en del av forretningsmodellen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -7595,17 +7651,17 @@ msgstr "" "du gjorde</quote>, sa Ton." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "For Ton og Blender, går alt tilbake til hva du gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -7614,12 +7670,12 @@ msgstr "" "populært fest-spill ved samme navn. Grunnlagt i USA i 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" @@ -7628,19 +7684,19 @@ msgstr "" "kopier" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 3. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Max Temkin, medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -7653,7 +7709,7 @@ msgstr "" "tjener</quote>, sa Max." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -7672,7 +7728,7 @@ msgstr "" "blir dette et artig og morsomt spill." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -7687,7 +7743,7 @@ msgstr "" "temapakker samt internasjonale utgaver." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -7700,7 +7756,7 @@ msgstr "" "loggføre tallene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -7715,7 +7771,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytt spill i seg selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -7726,7 +7782,7 @@ msgstr "" "spillet solid kultstatus." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -7751,7 +7807,7 @@ msgstr "" "offisielt i mai 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -7763,7 +7819,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -7777,7 +7833,7 @@ msgstr "" "hjemmesiden sin <quote>Dine dumme spørsmål</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -7803,7 +7859,7 @@ msgstr "" "et <quote>alt koster 5 dollar mer</quote>-salg." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -7814,7 +7870,7 @@ msgstr "" "med det. Og folk tok helt klart humoren.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -7827,7 +7883,7 @@ msgstr "" "sjokkerer folk at det er åpenhet om hva du gjør.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -7843,7 +7899,7 @@ msgstr "" "spøken morsommere ved å gjøre den vellykket. De fikk inn $70,000 på én dag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -7868,7 +7924,7 @@ msgstr "" "ganger, fordi det er så mange fordeler.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -7883,7 +7939,7 @@ msgstr "" "laget. I dag finnes det tusenvis av utvidelser fra tilhengere av spillet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -7896,7 +7952,7 @@ msgstr "" "verden, og vi har aldri brukt en krone på markedsføring.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -7920,7 +7976,7 @@ msgstr "" "har bare vært en håndfull tilfeller der de har måttet hyre advokat." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -7940,7 +7996,7 @@ msgstr "" "enkelt å skrive dem, men det er faktisk mye arbeid og ordkløveri.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -7961,7 +8017,7 @@ msgstr "" "lager sine egne tilpasninger til spillet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -7976,7 +8032,7 @@ msgstr "" "og spill</quote>, sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -7993,7 +8049,7 @@ msgstr "" "noe av spillets spenningen inn i det.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -8009,7 +8065,7 @@ msgstr "" "penger fra kunder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -8022,12 +8078,12 @@ msgstr "" "verdier, og hvem du er og hvorfor du lager ting.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "The Conversation" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -8038,12 +8094,12 @@ msgstr "" "2011 i Australia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -8054,14 +8110,14 @@ msgstr "" "fakulteter som forfattere), donasjonsfinansiering" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -8078,7 +8134,7 @@ msgstr "" "journalistikk. Andrew forpliktet seg til å koke opp en alternativ modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -8093,7 +8149,7 @@ msgstr "" "på det spekulative." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -8131,7 +8187,7 @@ msgstr "" "presentere sin kompetanse til det bredere publikum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -8156,7 +8212,7 @@ msgstr "" "velger sitater, og skriver hva enn de måtte ønske." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -8179,7 +8235,7 @@ msgstr "" "publiseres i Conversation lisensieres åpent med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -8198,12 +8254,12 @@ msgstr "" "deres er enkel: Å gi leserne en pålitelig kilde til bevisbasert informasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -8233,7 +8289,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -8256,7 +8312,7 @@ msgstr "" "Conversation gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -8272,7 +8328,7 @@ msgstr "" "News." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -8290,7 +8346,7 @@ msgstr "" "foretagende." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -8309,7 +8365,7 @@ msgstr "" "universitetsforskere fra enda flere deler av verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -8327,7 +8383,7 @@ msgstr "" "dekning og funksjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -8343,7 +8399,7 @@ msgstr "" "styre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -8362,7 +8418,7 @@ msgstr "" "lesere per artikkel." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -8378,7 +8434,7 @@ msgstr "" "selskap om et emne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -8389,7 +8445,7 @@ msgstr "" "vise at de er verdifulle." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -8405,12 +8461,12 @@ msgstr "" "samtidig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "Cory Doctorow" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." @@ -8419,7 +8475,7 @@ msgstr "" "journalist med base i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" @@ -8428,7 +8484,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" @@ -8437,13 +8493,13 @@ msgstr "" "kopier (boksalg), betal-hva-du-vil, salg av rettigheter til bokoversettelser" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 12. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -8461,7 +8517,7 @@ msgstr "" "jeg vet hvordan skal gjøres.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -8471,7 +8527,7 @@ msgstr "" "ting folk tilfeldigvis liker, for så å ikke være i veien når de deler det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -8491,7 +8547,7 @@ msgstr "" "levebrød i Internett-alderen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -8502,7 +8558,7 @@ msgstr "" "modeller for sitt arbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -8528,13 +8584,13 @@ msgstr "" "politiske arbeid ikke er direkte inntektsbringende, men hvis han ga det opp, " "tror han at han vil miste troverdighet, og enda viktigere, tape pågangsmotet " "som driver ham til å lage innhold. <quote>Mitt politiske arbeid er et annet " -"uttrykk for den samme kunstnerisk-politiske trangen</quote>, sa han. <quote>" -"Jeg mistenker at hvis jeg sluttet med tingene som ikke gir inntekter, ville " -"oppriktigheten forsvinne fra det jeg gjør, og kvaliteten som gjør at folk " -"liker det jeg gjør, ville bli borte.</quote>" +"uttrykk for den samme kunstnerisk-politiske trangen</quote>, sa han. " +"<quote>Jeg mistenker at hvis jeg sluttet med tingene som ikke gir inntekter, " +"ville oppriktigheten forsvinne fra det jeg gjør, og kvaliteten som gjør at " +"folk liker det jeg gjør, ville bli borte.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -8561,7 +8617,7 @@ msgstr "" "selv frisk.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -8580,7 +8636,7 @@ msgstr "" "ord symboliserer bruken av CC-lisenser hans verdensbilde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -8600,7 +8656,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke kalle dem tyver</quote>, sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -8625,7 +8681,7 @@ msgstr "" "ut boken min gratis i et format som var beregnet for spredning.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -8640,7 +8696,7 @@ msgstr "" "sier de at det er som følge av hans etablerte forfatterskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -8655,7 +8711,7 @@ msgstr "" "oppsiktsvekkende mange som gjør det</quote>, sa han." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -8684,7 +8740,7 @@ msgstr "" "ta all den hjelp jeg kan få.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -8711,7 +8767,7 @@ msgstr "" "finnes uprofesjonelle oversettelser tilgjengelig gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -8737,7 +8793,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjør det mulig at jeg vil få noe tilbake.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -8758,7 +8814,7 @@ msgstr "" "gagne deg</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -8780,7 +8836,7 @@ msgstr "" "verkene hans." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -8801,7 +8857,7 @@ msgstr "" "eget betal-hva-du-vil -eksperiment ut i livet snart." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -8823,7 +8879,7 @@ msgstr "" "med dem som har blitt rørt av dine verker.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -8839,17 +8895,17 @@ msgstr "" "andre folks sinn og hender</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "Det har aldri vært lettere å rette tankene i løvetannens baner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "Figshare" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -8861,12 +8917,12 @@ msgstr "" "i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" @@ -8875,19 +8931,19 @@ msgstr "" "betalte tjenester til innholdsleverandører" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 28. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -8908,7 +8964,7 @@ msgstr "" "vitenskapelig disiplinpublisering ikke tillater." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -8919,7 +8975,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortjeneste, være å stole på? Svarene har utviklet seg over tid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -8937,7 +8993,7 @@ msgstr "" "hans karriere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -8950,7 +9006,7 @@ msgstr "" "dele det med alle. Dernest begynte han å arbeide med en løsning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -8961,7 +9017,7 @@ msgstr "" "originalobjektet for å sikre at forskningen kan siteres på lang sikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -8978,7 +9034,7 @@ msgstr "" "DataCite for å tilby DOI-er for forskningsdata." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -8993,7 +9049,7 @@ msgstr "" "BY (Attribution) for figurer, videoer og datasett." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -9006,7 +9062,7 @@ msgstr "" "han åpnet det opp for dem også." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -9022,7 +9078,7 @@ msgstr "" "også brukes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -9036,7 +9092,7 @@ msgstr "" "de sammen kom opp med en freemium-aktig forretningsmodell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -9058,7 +9114,7 @@ msgstr "" "krediteres. Vi sørger bare for at det varer</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -9077,7 +9133,7 @@ msgstr "" "gi dem denne funksjonaliteten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -9104,7 +9160,7 @@ msgstr "" "overbevist dem om å bruke Creative Commons-lisenser for dataene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -9123,7 +9179,7 @@ msgstr "" "og lagt til tjenester for institusjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -9142,7 +9198,7 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotekarer og administratorer, samt av forskerne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -9166,7 +9222,7 @@ msgstr "" "(Attribution-NoDerivs)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -9185,7 +9241,7 @@ msgstr "" "noen negative konsekvenser, bestemte han seg å følge etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -9201,7 +9257,7 @@ msgstr "" "flere forskere og institusjoner vil gjøre den til sin valgte lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" @@ -9210,7 +9266,7 @@ msgstr "" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" @@ -9219,7 +9275,7 @@ msgstr "" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -9242,7 +9298,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -9264,12 +9320,12 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons-lisenser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -9284,15 +9340,15 @@ msgstr "" "Mark sier at suksessen handler delvis om å være på rett sted til rett tid. " "Han tror også at oppdelingen av Figshare sin modell over tid har vært " "nøkkelen til suksess. Figshare tilbyr nå et helhetlig tjenestetilbud til " -"forskere, forleggere, og institusjoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"" -"0\"/> Hvis han hadde begrenset seg til inntjening fra <quote>premium</quote>-" -"abonnementer, tror han det ville blitt vanskelig for Figshare.Til å begynne " -"med var deres hovedbrukere akademikere i starten og slutten av karrieren. " -"Det har kun vært fordi kronerullerne krevde åpen lisensiering at Figshare nå " -"brukes av allmenningen." +"forskere, forleggere, og institusjoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Hvis han hadde begrenset seg til inntjening fra <quote>premium</" +"quote>-abonnementer, tror han det ville blitt vanskelig for Figshare.Til å " +"begynne med var deres hovedbrukere akademikere i starten og slutten av " +"karrieren. Det har kun vært fordi kronerullerne krevde åpen lisensiering at " +"Figshare nå brukes av allmenningen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -9307,7 +9363,7 @@ msgstr "" "bruken av Figshare av andre, inkludert Wikipedia og nyhetskilder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -9333,12 +9389,12 @@ msgstr "" "stand til å samarbeide og gjøre nye funn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "Figure.NZ" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -9348,12 +9404,12 @@ msgstr "" "dataplattform myntet på å gjøre data gjenbrukbar og enkel å forstå seg på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" @@ -9362,19 +9418,19 @@ msgstr "" "betalte tjenester til skapere, bidragsytere, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 3. mai 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" @@ -9383,7 +9439,7 @@ msgstr "" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -9403,8 +9459,8 @@ msgid "" "specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" "I forskningsartikkelen <quote>Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of " -"Data</quote>, presentert på New Zealand Data Futures Forum i 2014,<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> sa Figure.NZ sin grunnlegger " +"Data</quote>, presentert på New Zealand Data Futures Forum i 2014," +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> sa Figure.NZ sin grunnlegger " "Lillian Grace at det er tusenvis av verdifulle og relevante datasett fritt " "tilgjengelige for oss akkurat nå, men de fleste bruker dem ikke. Hun tenkte " "gjerne at dette betydde at folk ikke bryr seg om å være informert, men etter " @@ -9421,7 +9477,7 @@ msgstr "" "spesielt fokus på New Zealand." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -9442,7 +9498,7 @@ msgstr "" "man gjerne må betale for." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -9467,7 +9523,7 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester til dem som ønsker å åpne sine data, og presentere dem visuelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -9485,8 +9541,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Hvordan fungerer det? Figure.NZ datakilder fra andre organisasjoner, " "inkludert bedrifter, offentlige dataarkiv, etater og akademikere. Figure.NZ " -"importerer og ekstraherer data, og deretter validerer og standardiserer det –" -" med et klart øye for hva som vil være best for brukere. Deretter gjør de " +"importerer og ekstraherer data, og deretter validerer og standardiserer det " +"– med et klart øye for hva som vil være best for brukere. Deretter gjør de " "data tilgjengelige med en rekke standardiserte skjemaer, lesbare både for " "mennesker og maskiner, og med innholdsinformasjon om kildene, lisensene og " "typer data. Figure.NZ har et diagramdesignverktøy som lager enkel strek-, " @@ -9498,7 +9554,7 @@ msgstr "" "lenge de henviser til den opprinnelige kilden og Figure.NZ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" @@ -9507,7 +9563,7 @@ msgstr "" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -9538,7 +9594,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons-lisensiert, noe som passer fint til Figure.NZs beslutning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -9563,7 +9619,7 @@ msgstr "" "vokter og pålitelig kilde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -9598,7 +9654,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjøre seg forskjellig, og knytte sin merkevare til det hele." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -9611,7 +9667,7 @@ msgstr "" "få verdi fra dataene og de visuelle fremstillingene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -9632,8 +9688,8 @@ msgstr "" "setter pris på Figure.NZs evne til å gjøre det raskere, enklere, og bedre " "enn de kan selv. Kunder oppfordres til å hjelpe sine brukere med å finne, " "bruke og gjøre ting med dataene som tilgjengeliggjøres på Figure.NZs " -"nettsted. Kundene kontrollerer hva som blir lagt ut, og lisensbetingelsene (" -"selv om Figure.NZ anbefaler Creative Commons-lisensen). Figure.NZ betjener " +"nettsted. Kundene kontrollerer hva som blir lagt ut, og lisensbetingelsene " +"(selv om Figure.NZ anbefaler Creative Commons-lisensen). Figure.NZ betjener " "også brukere som ønsker en bestemt ansamling diagrammer som er opprettet, " "for eksempel til deres hjemmeside eller årsrapport. Å ta betaling av " "organisasjoner som vil gjøre sine data tilgjengelige, gjør det mulig for " @@ -9641,7 +9697,7 @@ msgstr "" "demokratisere data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -9666,12 +9722,12 @@ msgstr "" "har blitt gjort før." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -9687,12 +9743,12 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -9705,7 +9761,7 @@ msgstr "" "innvirkning på hva som tas med eller ekskluderes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -9718,7 +9774,7 @@ msgstr "" "skattefritatt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -9741,7 +9797,7 @@ msgstr "" "eksterne tilknytninger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -9760,7 +9816,7 @@ msgstr "" "opplevelser, ikke brukermanualer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -9785,7 +9841,7 @@ msgstr "" "tolke data om emnene de er interessert i." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -9802,7 +9858,7 @@ msgstr "" "vegne av andre, om det så var på vegne av et land eller selskaper.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -9814,7 +9870,7 @@ msgstr "" "informasjon</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -9825,7 +9881,7 @@ msgstr "" "ikke tall som en del av vår tenkning og forståelse ennå</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -9846,7 +9902,7 @@ msgstr "" "spesialutdannede mennesker kan analysere og tenke med tall.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -9859,7 +9915,7 @@ msgstr "" "se på Figure.NZ er titusenvis av grafer, kart og data.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -9877,7 +9933,7 @@ msgstr "" "å samarbeide på mer opplyste måter for å forme fremtiden.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -9892,12 +9948,12 @@ msgstr "" "i kjernen av det som gjør denne nettverkseffekten mulig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "Knowledge Unlatched" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -9908,12 +9964,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt 2012 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" @@ -9922,20 +9978,20 @@ msgstr "" "(spesialisert)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 26. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -9965,7 +10021,7 @@ msgstr "" "innovasjon i utdanning i 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -9978,7 +10034,7 @@ msgstr "" "både å beskytte innhold på nettet, og spre det gratis til brukere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -9991,7 +10047,7 @@ msgstr "" "ned." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -10025,7 +10081,7 @@ msgstr "" "for det trykte formatet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -10042,7 +10098,7 @@ msgstr "" "var en iskrem sundae." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -10059,7 +10115,7 @@ msgstr "" "boken - kjeksisen eller iskuler med pynt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -10075,7 +10131,7 @@ msgstr "" "Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -10096,7 +10152,7 @@ msgstr "" "profit samfunnsforetak) i 2012." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -10105,7 +10161,7 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." @@ -10114,7 +10170,7 @@ msgstr "" "bare via Knowlegde Unlatched." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -10123,7 +10179,7 @@ msgstr "" "samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotekleverandører i dag)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." @@ -10132,7 +10188,7 @@ msgstr "" "kjøpes spesifiseres og prisene angis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -10145,7 +10201,7 @@ msgstr "" "dekket Title Fee-gebyret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -10156,12 +10212,12 @@ msgstr "" "beløpet som er den summen som er innbetalt fra bibliotekene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -10174,7 +10230,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -10192,7 +10248,7 @@ msgstr "" "på utgiftene, og pr. bok kom de ned i under 43 dollar pr. bok." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" @@ -10201,7 +10257,7 @@ msgstr "" "availability-1/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -10224,7 +10280,7 @@ msgstr "" "(royalty) for salg av fysiske kopier." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -10245,7 +10301,7 @@ msgstr "" "deltar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -10273,7 +10329,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilhørende fakturering, og til sist, gjøre tilgjengelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -10284,7 +10340,7 @@ msgstr "" "passe inn i kjøpssykluser, budsjettrunder, og bibliotekkomiteers møter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -10302,7 +10358,7 @@ msgstr "" "fått enda flere biblioteker med i laget." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -10313,7 +10369,7 @@ msgstr "" "også, med fri tilgang på alt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -10324,7 +10380,7 @@ msgstr "" "er også vanskelig å fortsette i den lukkede standard publiseringsmodellen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -10344,14 +10400,14 @@ msgstr "" "å få 26." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -10372,7 +10428,7 @@ msgstr "" "ved å delta.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -10392,7 +10448,7 @@ msgstr "" "digitale versjonen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -10408,7 +10464,7 @@ msgstr "" "bibliotekene, men for hele verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -10431,7 +10487,7 @@ msgstr "" "førsterunden lastet ned nesten åtti tusen ganger i 175 land." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." @@ -10440,7 +10496,7 @@ msgstr "" "for monografier en vinn-vinn-situasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -10461,7 +10517,7 @@ msgstr "" "frikjøp av tidsskifter og eldre bøker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -10482,12 +10538,12 @@ msgstr "" "snarere enn en revolusjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "Lumen Learning" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." @@ -10497,12 +10553,12 @@ msgstr "" "educational resources). Grunnlagt 2013 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" @@ -10511,13 +10567,13 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester, gi finansiering" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 21. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" @@ -10526,12 +10582,12 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -10558,9 +10614,9 @@ msgstr "" "studieresultater, bringe nye ideer til pedagogikken, samt gjøre utdanning " "rimeligere ved å tilrettelegge det å ta i bruk åpne pedagogiske ressurser. I " "2012 slo David og Kim seg sammen om et stipendfinansiert prosjekt kalt " -"Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" -" Det involverte en rekke helt åpne generelle utdanningskurs, fordelt på åtte " -"videregående skoler, hovedsakelig med elever i risikosonen. Målet var å " +"Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Det involverte en rekke helt åpne generelle utdanningskurs, fordelt på " +"åtte videregående skoler, hovedsakelig med elever i risikosonen. Målet var å " "redusere lærebokskostnadene, og samarbeide for å forbedre kursene for å " "hjelpe elevene å lykkes. David og Kim overskred disse målene: Kostnaden for " "nødvendige lærebøker erstattet med OER, ble redusert til null dollar, og " @@ -10574,7 +10630,7 @@ msgstr "" "opprette Lumen Learning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -10593,7 +10649,7 @@ msgstr "" "donasjonen skal brukes, er det ofte ikke mye fleksibilitet til å gjøre det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -10611,7 +10667,7 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraftig utvikling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -10626,7 +10682,7 @@ msgstr "" "frie bruk og gjenbruk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -10652,12 +10708,12 @@ msgstr "" "universiteter –" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "å erstatte dyre lærebøker i kurs med mange påmeldinger med OER;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" @@ -10667,7 +10723,7 @@ msgstr "" "læringshåndtering;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" @@ -10676,7 +10732,7 @@ msgstr "" "utholdenhet, og kursfullførelse; og" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." @@ -10685,7 +10741,7 @@ msgstr "" "basert på kunnskap om studentens studiefremgang." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -10700,7 +10756,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -10715,7 +10771,7 @@ msgstr "" "dollar pr. deltagende student." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -10729,7 +10785,7 @@ msgstr "" "dollar pr. deltagende student." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -10746,7 +10802,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre dyre ressurser med OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -10777,7 +10833,7 @@ msgstr "" "i samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -10797,7 +10853,7 @@ msgstr "" "den beste OER de kan finne i så henseende, som fakultetet så vurderer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -10818,7 +10874,7 @@ msgstr "" "Lumens innhold blir gitt en henvisning – Attribusjon (CC BY)-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -10833,7 +10889,7 @@ msgstr "" "forskjellig OER." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -10847,14 +10903,14 @@ msgstr "" "Å remikse OER fører ofte med seg flere henvisninger, på hver side av hvert " "fag – tekst fra ett sted, bilder fra et annet, og videoer fra et tredje. " "Noen er lisensert som henvisning (CC BY) (Attribution (CC BY)), andre ting " -"som Henvisning-På-Like-Vilkår (CC BY-SA) (Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)) " -". Hvis informasjonen legges i selve fagteksten, finner man det fra " +"som Henvisning-På-Like-Vilkår (CC BY-SA) (Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-" +"SA)) . Hvis informasjonen legges i selve fagteksten, finner man det fra " "fakultetshold ofte vanskelig å endre, og studentene ser på det som en " "distraksjon. Lumen har håndtert denne utfordringen ved å samle lisens og " "henvisninger som metadata, for å få det til å vises på slutten av hver side." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -10869,7 +10925,7 @@ msgstr "" "antall generelle henvendelser Lumens salgskapasitet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -10892,7 +10948,7 @@ msgstr "" "størst antall elever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -10911,7 +10967,7 @@ msgstr "" "bærekraften i Lumen beholdes." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -10930,7 +10986,7 @@ msgstr "" "nytte av, og bidrar til dette åpne samfunnet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -10947,7 +11003,7 @@ msgstr "" "og med gir tilbake generøst." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -10967,7 +11023,7 @@ msgstr "" "utvikling og forbedring av den OER-en de bruker." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -10984,7 +11040,7 @@ msgstr "" "alle disse faktorene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -10997,7 +11053,7 @@ msgstr "" "er forståelig, og som kan gjentas." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -11018,7 +11074,7 @@ msgstr "" "erstatte donasjoner med inntekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -11036,12 +11092,12 @@ msgstr "" "vite hvor du står, og ikke vike tilbake. Det er et spørsmål om tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "Jonathan Mann" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." @@ -11050,7 +11106,7 @@ msgstr "" "Day</quote>-fyren. Han holder til i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" @@ -11059,7 +11115,7 @@ msgstr "" "bandcamp.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -11070,13 +11126,13 @@ msgstr "" "for personlige versjoner (inntekter fra foredrag og musikalske opptredener)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 22. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -11099,7 +11155,7 @@ msgstr "" "innlederne har sagt i konferansens program." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -11119,7 +11175,7 @@ msgstr "" "erfaringen ga ham oppslag i Time magazine." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -11132,7 +11188,7 @@ msgstr "" "låtskriving, og han er viden kjent som <quote>en-sang-om-dagen-fyren</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -11151,7 +11207,7 @@ msgstr "" "nettet enn bare lyttet til lydfiler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -11180,7 +11236,7 @@ msgstr "" "han seg, og får noen andre til å legge ut sangen for ham." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -11197,7 +11253,7 @@ msgstr "" "sanger for dem. I dag tjener han mesteparten av pengene sine på den måten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -11214,7 +11270,7 @@ msgstr "" "finansierte produksjonen av denne boken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -11231,7 +11287,7 @@ msgstr "" "kunne deles.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -11251,7 +11307,7 @@ msgstr "" "kultur har undergravd det.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -11266,7 +11322,7 @@ msgstr "" "ingenting av dette</quote>, sa Jonathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -11285,7 +11341,7 @@ msgstr "" "inntektskilde er å skrive egendefinerte sanger for klienter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -11307,7 +11363,7 @@ msgstr "" "oversatte han tekniske begreper til noe forståelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -11336,7 +11392,7 @@ msgstr "" "meg i den prosessen.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -11349,7 +11405,7 @@ msgstr "" "funnet en måte å holde det interessant for seg selv." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -11373,7 +11429,7 @@ msgstr "" "etterligne andres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -11391,7 +11447,7 @@ msgstr "" "disse prinsippene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -11406,7 +11462,7 @@ msgstr "" "bli bedre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -11422,7 +11478,7 @@ msgstr "" "virkelig vellykket." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -11433,12 +11489,12 @@ msgstr "" "vil så mye av det vedkommende driver med være borte.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "Noun-prosjektet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -11449,12 +11505,12 @@ msgstr "" "USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" @@ -11463,13 +11519,13 @@ msgstr "" "transaksjonsgebyr, betaling for tilpassede tjenester" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 6. oktober 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" @@ -11477,7 +11533,7 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -11488,7 +11544,7 @@ msgstr "" "grenser, språk og kulturer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -11505,7 +11561,7 @@ msgstr "" "for hvert enkelt objekt eller begrep i verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -11520,7 +11576,7 @@ msgstr "" "hjelpe dem som var i lignende situasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -11536,7 +11592,7 @@ msgstr "" "frivillige designere over hele verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" @@ -11545,7 +11601,7 @@ msgstr "" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -11560,12 +11616,12 @@ msgstr "" "Edward og Sofya Noun-prosjektet med en Kickstarter-kampanje, den gang " "Kickstarter var i sin barndom.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> De " "trodde det ville være en god måte å introdusere deres idé for det globale " -"nettsamfunnet. Målet var å få inn $1,500, men på tjue dager de fikk over $" -"14,000. Da skjønte de at idéen deres hadde potensiale til å bli noe mye " +"nettsamfunnet. Målet var å få inn $1,500, men på tjue dager de fikk over " +"$14,000. Da skjønte de at idéen deres hadde potensiale til å bli noe mye " "større." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -11580,7 +11636,7 @@ msgstr "" "sine. Det er lett å overbevise designerne om endelig å dele dem med verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -11597,20 +11653,20 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskap av designere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " "Radical Price, which introduced Edward to the idea that you could build a " "business model around free content." msgstr "" -"Creative Commons er en integrert del i Noun-prosjektet sin forretningsmodell;" -" denne beslutningen ble inspirert av Chris Andersons bok Free: The Future of " -"Radical Price, som ga Edward idéen om at du kan bygge en forretningsmodell " -"rundt gratis innhold." +"Creative Commons er en integrert del i Noun-prosjektet sin " +"forretningsmodell; denne beslutningen ble inspirert av Chris Andersons bok " +"Free: The Future of Radical Price, som ga Edward idéen om at du kan bygge en " +"forretningsmodell rundt gratis innhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -11635,7 +11691,7 @@ msgstr "" "ut i det offentlige rom." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -11655,7 +11711,7 @@ msgstr "" "kildereferanse. <quote>Det var da vi så lyset</quote>, sa Edward." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -11670,7 +11726,7 @@ msgstr "" "spennende for de fleste designere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -11697,7 +11753,7 @@ msgstr "" "skapere, og bra for plattformen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -11722,7 +11778,7 @@ msgstr "" "et produksjonsmiljø vil kreve kjøp av API Pro-utgaven." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -11733,7 +11789,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosjektet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -11755,15 +11811,15 @@ msgstr "" "brukeren." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -11775,7 +11831,7 @@ msgstr "" "dette overfor innholdsleverandørene da tillitsbygging har høyeste prioritet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -11789,7 +11845,7 @@ msgstr "" "betale husleien." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -11815,7 +11871,7 @@ msgstr "" "abonnerer på NounPro, kan du åpne Noun-prosjektet direkte fra Lingo." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -11829,7 +11885,7 @@ msgstr "" "lærere og andre som trenger å kommunisere idéer visuelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -11841,7 +11897,7 @@ msgstr "" "fra andre som tilbyr grafikk, ikoner eller bildesamling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -11859,7 +11915,7 @@ msgstr "" "penger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -11872,7 +11928,7 @@ msgstr "" "troverdighet. CC kommer med et innebygd fellesskap med brukere og tilhengere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -11891,7 +11947,7 @@ msgstr "" "næring.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -11904,7 +11960,7 @@ msgstr "" "Brukerne kan også søke i ikonene etter designerens navn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -11915,16 +11971,16 @@ msgid "" "so they can be used by anyone for free." msgstr "" "Noun-prosjektet bygger også fellesskap gjennom Iconathoner – hackathon/" -"utviklersamlinger med fokus på ikoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"" -"/> I samarbeid med en sponsororganisasjon kommer Noun-prosjektet opp med et " -"tema (f.eks bærekraftig energi, matbank, gerilja-dyrking, " +"utviklersamlinger med fokus på ikoner.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> I samarbeid med en sponsororganisasjon kommer Noun-prosjektet opp " +"med et tema (f.eks bærekraftig energi, matbank, gerilja-dyrking, " "menneskerettigheter) og en liste over ikoner som trengs. Designere blir så " "invitert til å lage ikoner på arrangementet, og resultatet gjøres om til " "vektortegninger og legges til Noun-prosjektet med CC0-lisens slik at de kan " "brukes gratis av alle." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -11942,12 +11998,12 @@ msgstr "" "integrere Creative Commons i modellen har vært nøkkelen til å nå dette målet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "Open Data-instituttet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -11958,12 +12014,12 @@ msgstr "" "2012 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" @@ -11972,12 +12028,12 @@ msgstr "" "offentlig finansiering, betaling for tilpassede tjenester, donasjoner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 11. november 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" @@ -11986,7 +12042,7 @@ msgstr "" "direktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -12000,12 +12056,12 @@ msgstr "" "Lee og Sir Nigel Shadbolt i 2012, og tilbyr datatrening, arrangementer, " "konsulenttjenester og forskning. For ODI er Creative Commons-lisenser " "sentrale både når de lager sin egen forretningsmodell og de kundene deres " -"lager. CC BY (Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), og CC0 (" -"plassert i det offentlige rom), alle har en avgjørende rolle i ODIs oppgave " +"lager. CC BY (Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), og CC0 " +"(plassert i det offentlige rom), alle har en avgjørende rolle i ODIs oppgave " "å hjelpe folk rundt om i verden å innovere med data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -12028,7 +12084,7 @@ msgstr "" "til å forbedre sine liv ved å bedre forstå hva som skjer rundt dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -12043,7 +12099,7 @@ msgstr "" "og åpne-data-initiativer.) Den fortsetter med å si at ODI vil –" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" @@ -12052,19 +12108,19 @@ msgstr "" "åpen data-politikk berører dette;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" "utvikle eksempler på de økonomiske fordelene – og forretningsmodeller for " "åpne data;" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "hjelpe britiske bedrifter å bruke åpne data; og" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" @@ -12073,7 +12129,7 @@ msgstr "" "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12082,7 +12138,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -12100,7 +12156,7 @@ msgstr "" "inntekter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -12115,7 +12171,7 @@ msgstr "" "millioner (dollar) investering fra Omidyar Network." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -12130,7 +12186,7 @@ msgstr "" "rundt seksti ansatte." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -12146,7 +12202,7 @@ msgstr "" "markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." @@ -12155,12 +12211,12 @@ msgstr "" "og rådgivning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -12186,7 +12242,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -12211,7 +12267,7 @@ msgstr "" "slik at de kan delta som en form for faglig utvikling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -12228,7 +12284,7 @@ msgstr "" "tendens til å generere stor interesse og engasjement." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -12243,7 +12299,7 @@ msgstr "" "det fire tematiske spor (fagområder) og over 750 deltakere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -12260,14 +12316,14 @@ msgstr "" "organisasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" "I kommersiell forstand syntes følgende verdistandpunkter å gi gjenklang:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -12278,7 +12334,7 @@ msgstr "" "også åpner opp sine egne data. Store data er et hett tema." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -12293,7 +12349,7 @@ msgstr "" "opprettholde organisatorisk uavhengighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -12306,7 +12362,7 @@ msgstr "" "effektivitet og muligheter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -12323,7 +12379,7 @@ msgstr "" "til behovet om å sette opp internasjonale ODI-<quote>avleggere</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -12344,7 +12400,7 @@ msgstr "" "liten avgift for å være en del av nettverket, og bruke varemerket." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" @@ -12353,7 +12409,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -12361,11 +12417,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "ODI driver også programmer for å bistå gründerforetak i Storbritannia og " "Europa for å utvikle bærekraftig virksomhet rundt åpne data, der de tilbyr " -"veiledning, gir råd,opplæring, og til og med skaffer kontorlokaler. <" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"veiledning, gir råd,opplæring, og til og med skaffer kontorlokaler. " +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -12383,12 +12439,12 @@ msgstr "" "som skjer ansikt til ansikt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -12405,7 +12461,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -12418,7 +12474,7 @@ msgstr "" "utplasseringen av åpne data." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -12431,7 +12487,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisenser</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -12464,7 +12520,7 @@ msgstr "" "kunder og tjene penger</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -12475,7 +12531,7 @@ msgstr "" "leveranse. Her er noen beregninger fra 27. April 2016:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -12488,17 +12544,17 @@ msgstr "" "millioner (pund)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "Antall aktive medlemmer og noder over hele verden: 1350" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "Totalt salg siden ODI startet: £ 7.44 millioner (pund)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" @@ -12507,17 +12563,17 @@ msgstr "" "2,2 millioner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "Totalt antall åpne datasertifikater opprettet: 151 000" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12526,12 +12582,12 @@ msgstr "" "080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "OpenDesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -12542,13 +12598,13 @@ msgstr "" "virkeliggjør designene. Grunnlagt i 2014 i Storbritannia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" @@ -12557,12 +12613,12 @@ msgstr "" "transaksjonsgebyr" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> Intervjudato</emphasis>: 4. november 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" @@ -12571,7 +12627,7 @@ msgstr "" "Steiner, medgrunnleggere" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -12584,7 +12640,7 @@ msgstr "" "produsentene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -12615,7 +12671,7 @@ msgstr "" "et kommersielt selskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -12629,7 +12685,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsatt langt unna." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -12651,7 +12707,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjenoppfinne hjulet, og avgjorde å bruke Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -12666,7 +12722,7 @@ msgstr "" "forretningsmodell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -12677,7 +12733,7 @@ msgstr "" "på forretningsmodellen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -12692,12 +12748,12 @@ msgstr "" "selv bestemme seg for hvor åpen eller lukket de ønsker å være." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -12710,7 +12766,7 @@ msgstr "" "profilere designere.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -12723,7 +12779,7 @@ msgstr "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-lisensen (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -12742,12 +12798,12 @@ msgstr "" "spesifikasjonene i designfilen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -12768,7 +12824,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -12779,7 +12835,7 @@ msgstr "" "Opendesks nettsted:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" @@ -12788,7 +12844,7 @@ msgstr "" "betaler de:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -12799,7 +12855,7 @@ msgstr "" "monteringskostnader)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" @@ -12808,7 +12864,7 @@ msgstr "" "hver gang designet deres brukes)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -12819,7 +12875,7 @@ msgstr "" "markedsplassen vår)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -12832,7 +12888,7 @@ msgstr "" "og markedsføringsavgifter for den kanalen det gjelder)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" @@ -12842,7 +12898,7 @@ msgstr "" "leveringen)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -12855,12 +12911,12 @@ msgstr "" "skreddersydde designalternativer)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" @@ -12869,12 +12925,12 @@ msgstr "" "er)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "De går så i detalj om hvordan produsentens tilbud settes sammen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -12895,7 +12951,7 @@ msgstr "" "og er vanligvis fordelt som følger:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" @@ -12905,28 +12961,28 @@ msgstr "" "montering på stedet)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "designavgift: 8 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "plattformavgift: 12 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "kanalavgift: 18 prosent av produksjonskostnadene" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" "merverdiavgift (mva.): gjeldende (avhenger av produkt og hvor salget skjer)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -12937,7 +12993,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer generøs, og gir en høyere verdi til designeren." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -12952,7 +13008,7 @@ msgstr "" "En stor andel av hans virksomhet kommer fra Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -12970,7 +13026,7 @@ msgstr "" "funksjonelle produkter ." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -12986,7 +13042,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -13001,12 +13057,12 @@ msgstr "" "varer fra en butikk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -13025,7 +13081,7 @@ msgstr "" "idéer og diskutere prinsipper og forretningspraksis de ønsker å se brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -13040,7 +13096,7 @@ msgstr "" "Attribution-NonCommercial lisensen (CC BY-NC)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" @@ -13049,22 +13105,22 @@ msgstr "" "kommersiell og ikke-kommersiell bruk. Deres hjemmeside fastslår:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "Det er en utvetydig kommersiell bruk når noen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "krever en avgift eller får en fortjeneste når man lager en Opendesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "selger (eller baserer en kommersiell tjeneste på) en Opendesk" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -13075,7 +13131,7 @@ msgstr "" "kompensasjon. For eksempel kvalifiserer disse som ikke-kommersielle:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" @@ -13084,7 +13140,7 @@ msgstr "" "og vil personlig kutte til og lage noen få møbler selv" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" @@ -13093,7 +13149,7 @@ msgstr "" "eller opplæring (og har ikke tenkt å selge de som blir laget)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" @@ -13102,7 +13158,7 @@ msgstr "" "digitale verktøyrom, eller i åpne brukerrom" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -13124,7 +13180,7 @@ msgstr "" "rettigheter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -13139,7 +13195,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjennom Opendesk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -13151,12 +13207,12 @@ msgstr "" "stoler de på folk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "OpenStax" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -13167,12 +13223,12 @@ msgstr "" "Placement-kurs. Grunnlagt i 2012 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" @@ -13182,13 +13238,13 @@ msgstr "" "fysiske kopier (læreboksalg)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 16. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" @@ -13196,7 +13252,7 @@ msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\"> Intervjuet</emphasis>: David Harris, sjefsredaktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -13219,7 +13275,7 @@ msgstr "" "når som helst – gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -13240,7 +13296,7 @@ msgstr "" "enkelt kalt OpenStax." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -13263,7 +13319,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpasninger av fakulteter og studenter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" @@ -13272,7 +13328,7 @@ msgstr "" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -13293,7 +13349,7 @@ msgstr "" "Alt uten at noen sto for salget!" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -13311,7 +13367,7 @@ msgstr "" "de blir brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -13327,7 +13383,7 @@ msgstr "" "behov." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -13341,12 +13397,12 @@ msgstr "" "videre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -13361,7 +13417,7 @@ msgstr "" "lærebøker.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -13374,7 +13430,7 @@ msgstr "" "stoler på et omfattende nettverk av samarbeidspartnere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -13394,7 +13450,7 @@ msgstr "" "trolig fortsatt komme til å kreve filantropisk investering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -13414,7 +13470,7 @@ msgstr "" "studenter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -13433,7 +13489,7 @@ msgstr "" "Introduction to Sociology 2e, der disse midlene er brukt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -13455,7 +13511,7 @@ msgstr "" "er der ute med sitt materiale som et utstillingsvindu." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -13469,7 +13525,7 @@ msgstr "" "partnere. David ser frem til å dele disse funnene med fellesskapet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -13489,7 +13545,7 @@ msgstr "" "finansiere den løpende driften." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -13513,7 +13569,7 @@ msgstr "" "tydeligvis selger ut nesten hundre prosent." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -13529,7 +13585,7 @@ msgstr "" "vanskelig å kunne vise at investeringen betaler seg i løpet av rimelig tid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -13552,7 +13608,7 @@ msgstr "" "bok fra bunnen av, et godt eksempel er deres biologibok." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -13585,7 +13641,7 @@ msgstr "" "prosessen er svært tidkrevende." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -13605,7 +13661,7 @@ msgstr "" "er forhåndsbetalt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -13623,7 +13679,7 @@ msgstr "" "friksjonsfri remiksing gir CC BY lærere kontroll og akademisk frihet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -13642,7 +13698,7 @@ msgstr "" "utnytter ineffektiviteten i det tradisjonelle markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" @@ -13652,27 +13708,27 @@ msgstr "" "presseinformasjonen:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "Bøker publisert: 23" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "Studenter som har brukt OpenStax: 1,6 millioner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "Penger spart for studenter: 155 millioner dollar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "Penger spart for studenter i studieåret 2016/17: 77 millioner dollar" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -13685,7 +13741,7 @@ msgstr "" "universiteter utenfor USA)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -13699,7 +13755,7 @@ msgstr "" "internasjonal interesse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -13714,7 +13770,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjennom hele pensumet, for eksempel for en sykepleierutdanning." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -13736,22 +13792,22 @@ msgstr "" "en utdanning å kunne få den." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "Amanda Palmer" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "Amanda Palmer er en musiker, kunstner og skribent. Basert i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -13762,13 +13818,13 @@ msgstr "" "(abonnementsbasert), betaling for fysiske kopier, varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 15. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -13779,7 +13835,7 @@ msgstr "" "swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -13792,7 +13848,7 @@ msgstr "" "id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -13806,7 +13862,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -13818,12 +13874,13 @@ msgstr "" "Mens hun for egen del synes å ha funnet en bra balanse, er Amanda den første " "til å erkjenne at det ikke er noen mirakelkur. Hun mener den digitale " "tidsalderen både er spennende og frustrerende for skapere. <quote>På den ene " -"side har vi denne nydelige muligheten til å dele</quote>, sa Amanda. <quote>" -"På den andre siden har man en haug forvirrede kunstnere som lurer på hvordan " -"man får tak i penger til å kjøpe mat, slik at mer kunst kan skapes.</quote>" +"side har vi denne nydelige muligheten til å dele</quote>, sa Amanda. " +"<quote>På den andre siden har man en haug forvirrede kunstnere som lurer på " +"hvordan man får tak i penger til å kjøpe mat, slik at mer kunst kan skapes.</" +"quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -13850,7 +13907,7 @@ msgstr "" "å lage kunst.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -13871,7 +13928,7 @@ msgstr "" "Amanda og Dresden Dolls hadde som mål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -13885,16 +13942,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Etter at hun forlot plateselskapet i 2008, begynte hun å eksperimentere med " "ulike måter å leve på. Hun ga ut musikk direkte til publikum uten " -"involvering av mellommann, la ut digitale filer på <quote>betal hva du " -"vil</quote>-basis, og solgte CD-er og vinyl. Hun gjorde også penger på " -"sanntids-opptredener og varesalg. Til slutt, i 2012 besluttet hun å prøve " -"seg på en slags folkefinansiering som vi alle vet så godt hva er i dag. " -"Hennes Kickstarter-prosjekt startet med et mål om 100 000 dollar, og hun " -"fikk inn 1,2 millioner dollar. Det er fortsatt et av de mest vellykkede " -"Kickstarter-prosjektene gjennom tidene." +"involvering av mellommann, la ut digitale filer på <quote>betal hva du vil</" +"quote>-basis, og solgte CD-er og vinyl. Hun gjorde også penger på sanntids-" +"opptredener og varesalg. Til slutt, i 2012 besluttet hun å prøve seg på en " +"slags folkefinansiering som vi alle vet så godt hva er i dag. Hennes " +"Kickstarter-prosjekt startet med et mål om 100 000 dollar, og hun fikk inn " +"1,2 millioner dollar. Det er fortsatt et av de mest vellykkede Kickstarter-" +"prosjektene gjennom tidene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -13917,7 +13974,7 @@ msgstr "" "SA)." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -13949,7 +14006,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjort hele tiden. De ikke-kommersielle lisensene var et naturlig valg." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -13965,7 +14022,7 @@ msgstr "" "startet med dette fordi jeg ønsket å dele musikkgleden</quote>, sier hun." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -13983,7 +14040,7 @@ msgstr "" "på kjøkkenet mitt</quote>, skrev Amanda i <quote>The Art of Asking</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -14006,7 +14063,7 @@ msgstr "" "ferdighet</quote>, skrev Amanda." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -14025,7 +14082,7 @@ msgstr "" "etter en forestilling, kan de helt riktig føle at de kjenner henne." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -14036,13 +14093,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "<quote>Med sosiale medier er vi så opptatt av bildets utseende, at vi " "glemmer å være mennesker i å vise våre feil og sårbarhet, noe som faktisk " -"skaper en dypere forbindelse til forskjell fra det å bare se fantastisk " -"ut</quote>, sa Amanda. <quote>Alt i kulturen vår forteller oss noe annet. " -"Min erfaring har vist meg at risikoen ved å vise ens sårbarhet, nesten " -"alltid er verdt det.</quote>" +"skaper en dypere forbindelse til forskjell fra det å bare se fantastisk ut</" +"quote>, sa Amanda. <quote>Alt i kulturen vår forteller oss noe annet. Min " +"erfaring har vist meg at risikoen ved å vise ens sårbarhet, nesten alltid er " +"verdt det.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -14061,7 +14118,7 @@ msgstr "" "vennene dine – du deler." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -14080,7 +14137,7 @@ msgstr "" "din suksess." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -14097,7 +14154,7 @@ msgstr "" "familien</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -14116,7 +14173,7 @@ msgstr "" "finne en måte å kanalisere energien sin på som gleder deg selv.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -14141,7 +14198,7 @@ msgstr "" "styrkes båndet med menneskelige relasjoner." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -14160,7 +14217,7 @@ msgstr "" "virkelig er av verdi for dem.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -14179,12 +14236,12 @@ msgstr "" "lar hun dem gjøre det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "PLOS (Public Library of Science - Offentlig vitenskapsbibliotek)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -14195,12 +14252,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt i år 2000 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" @@ -14209,18 +14266,18 @@ msgstr "" "betaler en artikkelprosessavgift for å bli publisert i tidsskiftet" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 7. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Louise Page, utgiver" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -14247,7 +14304,7 @@ msgstr "" "forskningsartikler utgitt med Attribution (CC BY)-lisenser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -14270,7 +14327,7 @@ msgstr "" "eller artikkelen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -14294,7 +14351,7 @@ msgstr "" "modell." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -14317,7 +14374,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -14341,7 +14398,7 @@ msgstr "" "tegninger, tall eller andre elementer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -14360,7 +14417,7 @@ msgstr "" "startet i 2006, er like under 1500 dollar." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -14372,7 +14429,7 @@ msgstr "" "artikkelbehandling." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -14404,7 +14461,7 @@ msgstr "" "for publisering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -14421,7 +14478,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisert og spredd." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -14432,7 +14489,7 @@ msgstr "" "offentlig kildebrønn, og gi en erklæring om datatilgjengelighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -14451,7 +14508,7 @@ msgstr "" "publisere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -14464,7 +14521,7 @@ msgstr "" "journaler rangerer høyt, selv om de er relativt nye." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -14482,7 +14539,7 @@ msgstr "" "forfattere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -14498,7 +14555,7 @@ msgstr "" "noen andre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -14541,7 +14598,7 @@ msgstr "" "tverrfaglige fora for å publisere all solid vitenskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -14552,7 +14609,7 @@ msgstr "" "som en slags skyvekontroll som kan justeres for å endre gjeldende praksis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -14566,7 +14623,7 @@ msgstr "" "uunngåelig ta." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -14590,7 +14647,7 @@ msgstr "" "utgiver og forfatter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -14603,7 +14660,7 @@ msgstr "" "mye av forskningshjulet som blir gjenoppfunnet rundt om i verden." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -14635,7 +14692,7 @@ msgstr "" "utfordring er at forskerne ikke har mye tid til å kommentere dokumentutkast." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -14655,17 +14712,17 @@ msgstr "" "endringer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -14687,13 +14744,13 @@ msgstr "" "Level Metrics, som hjelper brukere med å vurdere hvilken forskning som er " "mest relevant for selve feltet, basert på ulike indikatorer som bruk, " "sitater, sosiale bokmerker og formidlingsaktivitet, omtale i media og " -"blogger, diskusjoner og rangeringer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" -" Louise mener at tidskriftsmodellen kan utvikle seg til å gi en mer " +"blogger, diskusjoner og rangeringer.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> Louise mener at tidskriftsmodellen kan utvikle seg til å gi en mer " "brukervennlig og interaktiv brukeropplevelse, inkludert en måte for leserne " "å kommunisere med forfattere på." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -14713,7 +14770,7 @@ msgstr "" "for eksperimentering." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -14732,7 +14789,7 @@ msgstr "" "kvalitetsartikler kan leses gratis." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -14742,12 +14799,12 @@ msgstr "" "overskuelig, tilgjengelig og reproduserbar, til fremme av vitenskap." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "Rijksmuseum" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -14756,12 +14813,12 @@ msgstr "" "Grunnlagt år 1800, i Nederland." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -14771,13 +14828,13 @@ msgstr "" "finansiering, betaling for personlig versjon (museumsadgang), og varesalg" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 11. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" @@ -14786,7 +14843,7 @@ msgstr "" "innsamlingsinformasjonen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -14814,7 +14871,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer åpen modell for museet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -14840,7 +14897,7 @@ msgstr "" "kortkatalog som database over hele samlingen på nettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -14857,12 +14914,12 @@ msgstr "" "slutt til at: Hvorfor ikke legge hele samlingen ut på nettet?" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -14888,7 +14945,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer diskusjon om hvorvidt Rijksmuseum skal følge etter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -14912,7 +14969,7 @@ msgstr "" "begrenset tilgang var skolebarn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -14938,7 +14995,7 @@ msgstr "" "hadde mange heftige debatter om hva de skulle gjøre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -14959,7 +15016,7 @@ msgstr "" "sin tilgjengelig, med det mål å få hele samlingen på nettet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -14987,7 +15044,7 @@ msgstr "" "museet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -15003,7 +15060,7 @@ msgstr "" "inntekter på, blant annet for Rijksmuseum." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -15028,12 +15085,12 @@ msgstr "" "museets synlighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -15051,7 +15108,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -15072,7 +15129,7 @@ msgstr "" "private eller til og med kommersielle formål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -15085,7 +15142,7 @@ msgstr "" "for bruk ved skoleeksamen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -15107,7 +15164,7 @@ msgstr "" "oppgitt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" @@ -15116,7 +15173,7 @@ msgstr "" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -15140,7 +15197,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -15153,7 +15210,7 @@ msgstr "" "award-2015\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" @@ -15162,7 +15219,7 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -15193,7 +15250,7 @@ msgstr "" "Rijksstudio-prisen startet i September 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -15204,7 +15261,7 @@ msgstr "" "sosiale elementer der brukere kan samarbeide mer med hverandre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -15220,7 +15277,7 @@ msgstr "" "trettifemtusen pr. måned til trehundretusen besøk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -15244,7 +15301,7 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnet på det tidspunktet maleriet ble laget." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -15279,23 +15336,23 @@ msgstr "" "Gavmildhet gjør at folk gjerne blir med og hjelper til.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "Shareable" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "Shareable er en nettmagasin om deling. Etablert i 2009 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" @@ -15304,13 +15361,13 @@ msgstr "" "folkefinansiering (prosjektbasert), donasjoner, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 24. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" @@ -15319,7 +15376,7 @@ msgstr "" "og administrerende redaktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -15341,7 +15398,7 @@ msgstr "" "prinsippet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -15364,7 +15421,7 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>Borgkollektivet</quote> </quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -15381,7 +15438,7 @@ msgstr "" "igjennom den kritikken som Airbnb og Uber møter nå</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -15402,7 +15459,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsatte med øke sitt nedslagsfelt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -15424,7 +15481,7 @@ msgstr "" "isolasjon og global oppvarming." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -15445,7 +15502,7 @@ msgstr "" "til å gjøre endringer i sine egne liv og samfunn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -15461,18 +15518,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Mer enn halvparten av historiene i Shareables er skrevet av betalte " "journalister som har kontrakt med bladet. <quote>Spesielt på områder som er " -"prioritert hos oss, ønsker vi virkelig å gå dypt og kontrollere " -"kvaliteten</quote>, sier Neal. Resten av innholdet er enten bidrag fra " -"gjesteskribenter, ofte kostnadsfritt eller skrevet i andre publikasjoner " -"gjennom deres nettverk av innholdsleverandører. Shareable er medlem av Post " -"Growth Alliance, som muliggjør deling av innhold og publikum i en stor og " -"voksende gruppe av hovedsakelig ikke-kommersielle organisasjoner. Hver " -"organisasjon får en sjanse til å presentere historier for gruppen, og " -"organisasjoner kan bruke og fremme hverandres historier. Mye av innholdet " -"som lages av nettverket er lisensiert med Creative Commons." +"prioritert hos oss, ønsker vi virkelig å gå dypt og kontrollere kvaliteten</" +"quote>, sier Neal. Resten av innholdet er enten bidrag fra gjesteskribenter, " +"ofte kostnadsfritt eller skrevet i andre publikasjoner gjennom deres " +"nettverk av innholdsleverandører. Shareable er medlem av Post Growth " +"Alliance, som muliggjør deling av innhold og publikum i en stor og voksende " +"gruppe av hovedsakelig ikke-kommersielle organisasjoner. Hver organisasjon " +"får en sjanse til å presentere historier for gruppen, og organisasjoner kan " +"bruke og fremme hverandres historier. Mye av innholdet som lages av " +"nettverket er lisensiert med Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -15499,7 +15556,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -15518,7 +15575,7 @@ msgstr "" "største produsentene av trafikk på hjemmesiden deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -15531,7 +15588,7 @@ msgstr "" "Shareable planlegger å tilby boken i kommende pengeinnsamlingskampanjer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -15550,7 +15607,7 @@ msgstr "" "samfunnet, vil representere deres visjon av verden bedre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -15574,7 +15631,7 @@ msgstr "" "komforten i hjemmet</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -15593,7 +15650,7 @@ msgstr "" "støttespillere var folk i deres eksisterende base." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -15607,7 +15664,7 @@ msgstr "" "relasjoner mellom sine lesere og tilhengere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -15639,7 +15696,7 @@ msgstr "" "gjennomføre." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -15652,12 +15709,12 @@ msgstr "" "ta idéer og tilpasse dem til sine egne lokalsamfunn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "Siyavula" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -15668,12 +15725,12 @@ msgstr "" "Sør-Afrika." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"https://www.siyavula.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" @@ -15682,19 +15739,19 @@ msgstr "" "tjenester, sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 5. april 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Mark Horner, " "administrerende direktør" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -15709,7 +15766,7 @@ msgstr "" "til tolvte klasse i Sør-Afrika." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -15722,7 +15779,7 @@ msgstr "" "overleve og vokse. Mark sier det hele har vært veldig organisk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -15738,12 +15795,12 @@ msgstr "" "tilgjengelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -15762,7 +15819,7 @@ msgstr "" "klasse." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -15777,7 +15834,7 @@ msgstr "" "Shuttleworth. Mark er utrolig stolt av å ha oppnådd dette." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -15790,12 +15847,12 @@ msgstr "" "men ikke mange nok til å møte behovet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -15814,7 +15871,7 @@ msgstr "" "engelsk. Det prosjektet ble til Siyavula." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -15829,7 +15886,7 @@ msgstr "" "seks opprinnelige bøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -15856,12 +15913,12 @@ msgstr "" "trygge å dele, og fri fra juridiske tilbakeslag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -15880,7 +15937,7 @@ msgstr "" "komplisert, og lærebøker ble sjelden redigert." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -15893,7 +15950,7 @@ msgstr "" "som en uavhengig enhet, og tok eierskap over det som medlem av Shuttleworth." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -15910,7 +15967,7 @@ msgstr "" "virkelig rullet ut." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -15921,13 +15978,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Så tok den sørafrikanske regjeringen kontakt med Siyavula og uttrykte " "interesse for å trykke opp de opprinnelige seks Free High School Science " -"Texts (gratis lærebøker i matematikk og naturvitenskap for 10. til " -"12.-klasse) for alle elever i videregående opplæring i Sør-Afrika. Selv om " +"Texts (gratis lærebøker i matematikk og naturvitenskap for 10. til 12.-" +"klasse) for alle elever i videregående opplæring i Sør-Afrika. Selv om " "Siyavula var litt motløs over åpne pedagogiske ressurser på dette " "tidspunktet, så de på dette som en stor mulighet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -15944,7 +16001,7 @@ msgstr "" "til dem fra alle enheter – datamaskin, nettbrett eller mobiltelefon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -15968,7 +16025,7 @@ msgstr "" "den i de åpne lærebøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -15981,7 +16038,7 @@ msgstr "" "kun den mest bemidlede delen av markedet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -15998,7 +16055,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilsiktet, for lavinntektselever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -16017,7 +16074,7 @@ msgstr "" "behovet de betjente." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -16034,20 +16091,20 @@ msgstr "" "hvile barrierer man støter på for bruk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " "where you can offer a related service and convert some people into a paid " "customer." msgstr "" -"Mark beskriver dette som den første versjonen av Siyavulas forretningsmodell:" -" Åpne lærebøker som markedsføringsmateriale og trafikk til nettstedet ditt, " -"der du kan tilby en relatert tjeneste, og konvertere noen til å bli en " -"betalende kunde." +"Mark beskriver dette som den første versjonen av Siyavulas " +"forretningsmodell: Åpne lærebøker som markedsføringsmateriale og trafikk til " +"nettstedet ditt, der du kan tilby en relatert tjeneste, og konvertere noen " +"til å bli en betalende kunde." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -16065,7 +16122,7 @@ msgstr "" "innholdet, uten å legge til noen verdi av det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -16086,7 +16143,7 @@ msgstr "" "naturfag- og matematikkavdelingene abonnerer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -16103,7 +16160,7 @@ msgstr "" "ytelsen deres blir bedret." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -16118,12 +16175,12 @@ msgstr "" "laget for klassene 4. til 6. og senere for klasse 7. til 9." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -16133,12 +16190,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "I samarbeid med, og sponset av Sasol Inzalo Foundation, har Siyavula " "produsert en rekke arbeidsbøker for naturvitenskap og teknologi for 4. til " -"6.-klasse, kalt Thunderbolt Kids, som bruker en morsom tegneseriestil.<" -"placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er et komplett pensum som også " +"6.-klasse, kalt Thunderbolt Kids, som bruker en morsom tegneseriestil." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Det er et komplett pensum som også " "har med lærerens veiledninger og andre ressurser." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -16157,7 +16214,7 @@ msgstr "" "deres være synlig på bøker distribuert til over en million elever." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -16173,7 +16230,7 @@ msgstr "" "slik at andre kan modifisere og redistribuere bøkene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -16194,7 +16251,7 @@ msgstr "" "regjeringen nei." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -16213,7 +16270,7 @@ msgstr "" "ettersom det tillot dem å forbli uavhengige av regjeringen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -16228,7 +16285,7 @@ msgstr "" "Siyavulas ville bli valgt. Dette skremte bort mulige sponsorer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -16248,7 +16305,7 @@ msgstr "" "hans ektefelle), og fortsetter å være den modellen Siyavula bruker i dag." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -16261,7 +16318,7 @@ msgstr "" "seg å være svært omstridt, og svever i uvisshet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -16277,7 +16334,7 @@ msgstr "" "Practice." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -16303,12 +16360,12 @@ msgstr "" "runder noen ganger, men både han og selskapet er blitt sterkere av det." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "SparkFun" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -16317,12 +16374,12 @@ msgstr "" "åpen maskinvare. Grunnlagt i 2003 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" @@ -16331,20 +16388,20 @@ msgstr "" "kopier (elektroniske salg)" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 29. februar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjuet</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, grunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -16359,7 +16416,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre. Hans reaksjon var fryd." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -16372,7 +16429,7 @@ msgstr "" "hvordan vi påvirket verden</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -16389,7 +16446,7 @@ msgstr "" "egenhånd. Å bli kopiert er en del av designet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -16408,7 +16465,7 @@ msgstr "" "åndsverk." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -16421,7 +16478,7 @@ msgstr "" "det sikkerhetsnettet</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -16440,7 +16497,7 @@ msgstr "" "smertefullt for oss, kommer det kundene til gode</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -16459,7 +16516,7 @@ msgstr "" "det de bør konkurrere om</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -16480,7 +16537,7 @@ msgstr "" "uteksaminert, begynte han å lage og selge sine egne produkter." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -16498,7 +16555,7 @@ msgstr "" "fastvare til produktene sine." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -16515,7 +16572,7 @@ msgstr "" "av brett for videresalg under Arduinos merke." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -16531,7 +16588,7 @@ msgstr "" "kjernevirksomheten." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -16543,7 +16600,7 @@ msgstr "" "til tre hundre og femti tusen videregående elever i 2020</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -16564,7 +16621,7 @@ msgstr "" "under de samme lisensvilkårene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -16583,7 +16640,7 @@ msgstr "" "publikum til en konkurranse en gang i året." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -16610,7 +16667,7 @@ msgstr "" "noe som gjør den mer meningsfylt." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -16629,7 +16686,7 @@ msgstr "" "bare fokuserer på bunnlinjen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -16644,7 +16701,7 @@ msgstr "" "til nettområdet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -16666,7 +16723,7 @@ msgstr "" "av den.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -16687,7 +16744,7 @@ msgstr "" "virkeligheten ikke riktig.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -16706,7 +16763,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, sier Nathan." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -16731,12 +16788,12 @@ msgstr "" "ord, det gjør dem til et slikt selskap de har satt seg fore å være." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "TeachAIDS" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -16746,22 +16803,22 @@ msgstr "" "folk over hele verden om HIV og AIDS. Grunnlagt i 2005 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Inntektsmodell</emphasis>: Sponsing" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Intervjudato</emphasis>: 24. mars 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" @@ -16770,7 +16827,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrerende direktør, og Shuman Ghosemajumder, styret" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -16783,7 +16840,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuerer." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -16807,7 +16864,7 @@ msgstr "" "innhold er gratis og gjort tilgjengelig under en Creative Commons-lisens." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -16844,7 +16901,7 @@ msgstr "" "av informasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -16867,7 +16924,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpasset utdanning</quote>, sa Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -16878,7 +16935,7 @@ msgstr "" "også å bruke Creative Commons-lisenser på materialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -16907,7 +16964,7 @@ msgstr "" "oss.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -16924,7 +16981,7 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>Forskning styrer alt vi gjør.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -16941,7 +16998,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpassede versjon av materialet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -16968,7 +17025,7 @@ msgstr "" "informasjon fra noen av det samme kjønn." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -16997,7 +17054,7 @@ msgstr "" "denne syklusen elleve ganger." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -17033,7 +17090,7 @@ msgstr "" "avspilleren</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -17059,7 +17116,7 @@ msgstr "" "gratis.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -17079,7 +17136,7 @@ msgstr "" "det pedagogiske innholdet. Alt innhold er fortsatt merket som TeachAIDS." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -17098,7 +17155,7 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, sa Shuman." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -17123,7 +17180,7 @@ msgstr "" "sponsorinvestering kan gi fordeler for et merke i mange år framover." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -17140,7 +17197,7 @@ msgstr "" "initiativene." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -17157,12 +17214,12 @@ msgstr "" "forutsetningene for TeachAIDS</quote>, fortalte Piya." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "Tribe of Noise" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -17173,18 +17230,18 @@ msgstr "" "Nederland." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 26. januar 2016" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" @@ -17193,7 +17250,7 @@ msgstr "" "medgrunnlegger" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -17210,7 +17267,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensiering, inkludert bruk av fri programvare og Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -17228,7 +17285,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensiere musikk direkte fra en rettighetshaver lett tilgjengelig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -17247,7 +17304,7 @@ msgstr "" "Sandra tidlig i 2008 å bygge en plattform." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -17262,7 +17319,7 @@ msgstr "" "musikk krever et tillitsforhold." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -17277,12 +17334,12 @@ msgstr "" "problemene de to personlig hadde erfart for å finne denne musikken." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -17303,7 +17360,7 @@ msgstr "" "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -17340,7 +17397,7 @@ msgstr "" "fortsatt for en god sak hver eneste dag</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -17365,7 +17422,7 @@ msgstr "" "Skandinavia, Belgia, og USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -17380,12 +17437,12 @@ msgstr "" "betydelig bedre avtale. Her viser de et eksempel på sin hjemmeside:" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -17399,15 +17456,15 @@ msgstr "" "Noen av sangene [lisensiert med CC BY-SA], for eksempel til sammen fem, " "velges som en skreddersydd i-butikken musikkanal som kringkaster i en stor, " "landsomfattende forhandlerkjede med 1000 butikker. I dette tilfellet " -"inneholder den samlede spillelisten 350 sanger så musikerens andel er 5/350 =" -" 1,43 %. Lisensavgiften man er enige med denne forhandleren om er US dollar " +"inneholder den samlede spillelisten 350 sanger så musikerens andel er 5/350 " +"= 1,43 %. Lisensavgiften man er enige med denne forhandleren om er US dollar " "12 pr. måned pr. play-out. Så hvis 42,5 % deles med Tribes musikere i denne " "spillelisten, og din del er 1,43 %, ender du opp med US dollar 12 * 1000 " -"butikker * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US dollar 73 pr. måned.<placeholder type=\"" -"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"butikker * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US dollar 73 pr. måned.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -17426,7 +17483,7 @@ msgstr "" "lisensen utelukke dem fra å bli rik fra salg av den sangen." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -17448,7 +17505,7 @@ msgstr "" "avtale." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -17464,7 +17521,7 @@ msgstr "" "avtale." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -17477,7 +17534,7 @@ msgstr "" "musikkrepertoar enn fellesområdet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -17492,7 +17549,7 @@ msgstr "" "andre modeller som Tribe of Noise Pro." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -17513,7 +17570,7 @@ msgstr "" "plattformen, og som virkelig engasjerer seg med dem." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -17531,7 +17588,7 @@ msgstr "" "lage en sang for å møte det behovet." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -17554,7 +17611,7 @@ msgstr "" "under CC BY-SA, og velger andre opphavsrettsselskaper som ASCAP eller BMI." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -17585,7 +17642,7 @@ msgstr "" "stand til å gjøre alt dette arbeidet uten rettstvister." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -17606,12 +17663,12 @@ msgstr "" "musikk, en modell basert på tillit." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "Wikimedia-stiftelsen" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -17620,23 +17677,23 @@ msgstr "" "søsterprosjekter. Grunnlagt i 2003 i USA." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Inntektsmodell</emphasis>: Donasjoner" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Dato for intervju</emphasis>: 18. desember 2015" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" @@ -17645,12 +17702,12 @@ msgstr "" "for Community Engagement, og Stephen LaPorte, advokat" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "Nesten hver person som er på nettet vet om Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -17665,7 +17722,7 @@ msgstr "" "tilpasse det til hvilket som helst formål." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -17675,7 +17732,7 @@ msgstr "" "nettleksikonet, ifølge, selvfølgelig, Wikipedia-artikkelen om Wikipedia." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -17702,7 +17759,7 @@ msgstr "" "tusen som ikke er koblet til en bestemt organisasjon." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -17710,13 +17767,13 @@ msgid "" "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" "Som Wikimedias juridiske rådgiver Stephen LaPorte fortalte oss: <quote>Det " -"er et vanlig ordtak at Wikipedia fungerer i praksis, men ikke i " -"teorien</quote>. Mens det utvilsomt har sine utfordringer og feil, er " -"Wikipedia og dets søsterprosjekter et slående eksempel på betydningen av " -"kraften i menneskelig samarbeid." +"er et vanlig ordtak at Wikipedia fungerer i praksis, men ikke i teorien</" +"quote>. Mens det utvilsomt har sine utfordringer og feil, er Wikipedia og " +"dets søsterprosjekter et slående eksempel på betydningen av kraften i " +"menneskelig samarbeid." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -17733,7 +17790,7 @@ msgstr "" "omfang." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -17756,7 +17813,7 @@ msgstr "" "redigeringer utføres hver time." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -17799,7 +17856,7 @@ msgstr "" "nettsteder." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -17828,7 +17885,7 @@ msgstr "" "Mesteparten av tiden ønsker folk å gjøre det som er riktig." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -17851,7 +17908,7 @@ msgstr "" "best for alle</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" @@ -17860,7 +17917,7 @@ msgstr "" "mistakes/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -17896,7 +17953,7 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>De er alle bidragsytere.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -17914,7 +17971,7 @@ msgstr "" "mer enn 77 millioner dollar fra mer enn fem millioner givere." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -17933,7 +17990,7 @@ msgstr "" "verdi, så gi tilbake. Hver liten del hjelper. Med nok øyne har de rett." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -17951,7 +18008,7 @@ msgstr "" "er grunnleggende for alt fondet gjør." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -17964,7 +18021,7 @@ msgstr "" "fellesskapet deres." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -17978,7 +18035,7 @@ msgstr "" "oss." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -17992,13 +18049,13 @@ msgstr "" "quote>, sa Stephen. <quote>Wikipedia har klart å bli et slikt åpent " "offentlig område.</quote>" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "Bibliografi" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -18008,8 +18065,8 @@ msgstr "" "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." @@ -18017,13 +18074,13 @@ msgstr "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." @@ -18031,8 +18088,8 @@ msgstr "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Oppdatert utgave. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." @@ -18040,8 +18097,8 @@ msgstr "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. Andre utgave. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " "Media, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -18053,8 +18110,8 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (lisensiert med " "CC BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" @@ -18064,8 +18121,8 @@ msgstr "" "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -18077,8 +18134,8 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18086,8 +18143,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -18105,8 +18162,8 @@ msgstr "" "pdf\"/>. For mer informasjon, se <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." @@ -18114,8 +18171,8 @@ msgstr "" "Bollier, David, og Silke Helfrich, red. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." @@ -18123,8 +18180,8 @@ msgstr "" "Botsman, Rachel, og Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." @@ -18132,8 +18189,8 @@ msgstr "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." @@ -18141,8 +18198,8 @@ msgstr "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (lisensiert med CC " "BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." @@ -18150,8 +18207,8 @@ msgstr "" "Capra, Fritjof, og Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." @@ -18159,8 +18216,8 @@ msgstr "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." @@ -18168,8 +18225,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -18185,8 +18242,8 @@ msgstr "" "Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " @@ -18196,8 +18253,8 @@ msgstr "" "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Kapittel 2 i Frischmann, " "Madison, og Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." @@ -18205,8 +18262,8 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." @@ -18214,8 +18271,8 @@ msgstr "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -18227,8 +18284,8 @@ msgstr "" "url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" ">." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -18240,8 +18297,8 @@ msgstr "" "of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-" "Knowledge\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." @@ -18249,8 +18306,8 @@ msgstr "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " @@ -18260,8 +18317,8 @@ msgstr "" "Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Kapittel 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -18273,8 +18330,8 @@ msgstr "" "2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." @@ -18282,8 +18339,8 @@ msgstr "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." @@ -18291,8 +18348,8 @@ msgstr "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J. Strandburg, red. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " @@ -18302,8 +18359,8 @@ msgstr "" "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Kapittel 1 i Frischmann, " "Madison, og Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." @@ -18311,8 +18368,8 @@ msgstr "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Nyutgivelse " "med ny epolog. New York: Portfolio, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." @@ -18320,8 +18377,8 @@ msgstr "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." @@ -18329,8 +18386,8 @@ msgstr "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." @@ -18338,8 +18395,8 @@ msgstr "" "Harris, Malcom, red. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." @@ -18347,8 +18404,8 @@ msgstr "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." @@ -18356,8 +18413,8 @@ msgstr "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." @@ -18365,8 +18422,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." @@ -18374,8 +18431,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kelley, Tom, og David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." @@ -18383,8 +18440,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." @@ -18392,8 +18449,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." @@ -18401,8 +18458,8 @@ msgstr "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." @@ -18410,8 +18467,8 @@ msgstr "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -18421,8 +18478,8 @@ msgstr "" "Internet.</quote> BBC News, 2016-03-03. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." @@ -18430,8 +18487,8 @@ msgstr "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." @@ -18439,8 +18496,8 @@ msgstr "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." @@ -18448,8 +18505,8 @@ msgstr "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -18459,8 +18516,8 @@ msgstr "" "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -18470,8 +18527,8 @@ msgstr "" "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. En forhåndsvisning av boken er tilgjengelig fra " "<ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -18483,8 +18540,8 @@ msgstr "" "forhåndsvisning av denne boken er tilgjengelig fra <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." @@ -18492,8 +18549,8 @@ msgstr "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -18507,8 +18564,8 @@ msgstr "" "\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(lisensiert med CC BY-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -18520,8 +18577,8 @@ msgstr "" "academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (lisensiert " "med CC BY-NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -18533,8 +18590,8 @@ msgstr "" "O’Reilly Media, 2001. Se spesielt <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink " "url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -18544,8 +18601,8 @@ msgstr "" "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -18555,15 +18612,15 @@ msgstr "" "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." @@ -18571,8 +18628,8 @@ msgstr "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." @@ -18580,8 +18637,8 @@ msgstr "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." @@ -18589,8 +18646,8 @@ msgstr "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." @@ -18598,8 +18655,8 @@ msgstr "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." @@ -18607,8 +18664,8 @@ msgstr "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." @@ -18616,8 +18673,8 @@ msgstr "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." @@ -18625,8 +18682,8 @@ msgstr "" "Sull, Donald, og Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." @@ -18634,13 +18691,13 @@ msgstr "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -18650,8 +18707,8 @@ msgstr "" "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." @@ -18659,8 +18716,8 @@ msgstr "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." @@ -18668,8 +18725,8 @@ msgstr "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -18683,8 +18740,8 @@ msgstr "" "Design and Fashion; og the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-SA)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" @@ -18694,8 +18751,8 @@ msgstr "" "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" @@ -18705,8 +18762,8 @@ msgstr "" "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (lisensiert med CC BY-" "NC-ND)." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." @@ -18714,13 +18771,13 @@ msgstr "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "Takk til" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -18733,8 +18790,8 @@ msgstr "" "til vårt arbeid. En spesiell takk til William and Flora Hewlett Foundation " "for startstøtten som fikk oss i gang med prosjektet." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -18744,8 +18801,8 @@ msgstr "" "delt sine historier med oss. Dere gir liv til allmenningen. Tusen takk for " "inspirasjonen." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -18760,8 +18817,8 @@ msgstr "" "og vi vil oppmuntre våre lesere til å besøke nettstedene deres og utforske " "det de har gjort." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -18773,8 +18830,8 @@ msgstr "" "våre mange med-redaktører som leste tidlige utkast av verket vårt og ga " "uvurderlige tilbakemeldinger. Ektefølt takk til dere alle." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -18866,8 +18923,8 @@ msgstr "" "William Peter Nash, Winie Evers, Wolfgang Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, " "Yancey Strickler." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/nl/mwcc.po b/po/nl/mwcc.po index 4277314..550d31d 100644 --- a/po/nl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-02-04 21:35+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Nathan Follens <nathan@email.is>\n" "Language-Team: Dutch <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -778,8 +778,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -829,10 +830,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -881,7 +882,8 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> @@ -959,21 +961,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -981,7 +983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -992,7 +994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1003,14 +1005,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1027,23 +1029,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1051,7 +1053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1061,7 +1063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1069,12 +1071,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1085,12 +1087,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1099,7 +1101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1108,7 +1110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1119,7 +1121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1130,7 +1132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1141,7 +1143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1150,13 +1152,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 #, fuzzy msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1167,7 +1169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1177,7 +1179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1185,7 +1187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1193,28 +1195,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1231,11 +1233,11 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1245,30 +1247,31 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1280,7 +1283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1288,7 +1291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1308,7 +1311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1321,14 +1324,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1342,7 +1345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1351,23 +1354,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1375,12 +1378,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1388,12 +1391,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1401,28 +1404,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1439,7 +1442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1448,7 +1451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1461,7 +1464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1476,7 +1479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1484,7 +1487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1494,13 +1497,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 #, fuzzy msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "### Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1511,7 +1514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -1519,7 +1522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1536,7 +1539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1546,14 +1549,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1565,7 +1568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1579,7 +1582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1589,7 +1592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -1597,7 +1600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1611,22 +1614,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1642,7 +1645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -1650,7 +1653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1660,7 +1663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1671,7 +1674,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1679,7 +1682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1692,14 +1695,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1719,7 +1722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1727,7 +1730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1741,7 +1744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1756,7 +1759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1764,7 +1767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1776,7 +1779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1785,7 +1788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1793,14 +1796,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1815,7 +1818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1823,7 +1826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -1834,14 +1837,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -1852,7 +1855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1867,7 +1870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1881,7 +1884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -1891,7 +1894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1906,12 +1909,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1920,7 +1923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1930,7 +1933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1944,7 +1947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1958,7 +1961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1966,7 +1969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1982,7 +1985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1996,7 +1999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2011,7 +2014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2027,7 +2030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2036,12 +2039,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2054,7 +2057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2064,7 +2067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2076,7 +2079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2086,7 +2089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2095,7 +2098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2110,7 +2113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2121,7 +2124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2132,18 +2135,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 #, fuzzy msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2160,7 +2163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2172,7 +2175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2180,7 +2183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2191,7 +2194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2199,7 +2202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -2212,7 +2215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2221,7 +2224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2246,7 +2249,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2256,7 +2259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2271,7 +2274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2285,7 +2288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2295,14 +2298,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2317,7 +2320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2329,7 +2332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2341,7 +2344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2349,7 +2352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2362,12 +2365,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2382,7 +2385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2390,7 +2393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2404,12 +2407,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2427,7 +2430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2442,7 +2445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2452,7 +2455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2460,26 +2463,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -2500,26 +2503,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -2538,12 +2541,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2560,12 +2563,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -2574,7 +2577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2587,12 +2590,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2603,7 +2606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2614,7 +2617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2631,12 +2634,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2648,12 +2651,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2667,19 +2670,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2693,7 +2696,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2703,12 +2706,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2724,17 +2727,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2746,12 +2749,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -2759,7 +2762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2777,7 +2780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2792,7 +2795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2807,7 +2810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2818,12 +2821,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2834,12 +2837,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2856,7 +2859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2873,12 +2876,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2887,12 +2890,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2906,29 +2909,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2945,12 +2948,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2962,17 +2965,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2988,12 +2991,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -3002,7 +3005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -3020,12 +3023,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -3037,7 +3040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -3048,24 +3051,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3077,12 +3080,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3100,12 +3103,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3119,7 +3122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3130,7 +3133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3139,24 +3142,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -3169,17 +3172,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3203,12 +3206,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3219,12 +3222,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3233,12 +3236,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3254,22 +3257,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3285,12 +3288,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -3304,17 +3307,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3328,13 +3331,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3345,12 +3348,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3363,12 +3366,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3377,7 +3380,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3391,7 +3394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3401,17 +3404,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3421,13 +3424,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3442,12 +3445,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3460,12 +3463,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3483,7 +3486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3494,12 +3497,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3516,7 +3519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3527,7 +3530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3535,7 +3538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3543,7 +3546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3556,7 +3559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3571,7 +3574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3580,19 +3583,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3603,14 +3606,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3626,7 +3629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -3640,12 +3643,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3658,22 +3661,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3687,17 +3690,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3714,22 +3717,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3747,12 +3750,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -3765,12 +3768,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3784,22 +3787,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -3813,7 +3816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3821,17 +3824,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3847,12 +3850,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3865,7 +3868,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3878,12 +3881,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3893,19 +3896,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3918,17 +3921,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3945,17 +3948,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -3971,19 +3974,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -3992,14 +3995,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -4015,7 +4018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -4023,7 +4026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -4039,7 +4042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4051,28 +4054,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4088,12 +4091,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4106,17 +4109,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4137,19 +4140,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4165,14 +4168,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4186,13 +4189,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 #, fuzzy msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## Gemaakt met Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4207,29 +4210,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4238,12 +4241,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4254,12 +4257,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4267,12 +4270,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4281,12 +4284,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4294,12 +4297,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4308,7 +4311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4316,31 +4319,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4353,7 +4356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4368,7 +4371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4383,7 +4386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4392,7 +4395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4406,12 +4409,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -4420,12 +4423,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4437,7 +4440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4447,24 +4450,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4472,38 +4475,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4519,7 +4522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4530,7 +4533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4541,7 +4544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4553,7 +4556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4564,7 +4567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4575,7 +4578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4590,7 +4593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4606,7 +4609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4617,7 +4620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4627,7 +4630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4641,7 +4644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4654,12 +4657,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4673,7 +4676,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4688,7 +4691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4702,7 +4705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4714,7 +4717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4725,12 +4728,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4747,7 +4750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4757,7 +4760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -4768,7 +4771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4776,12 +4779,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4789,45 +4792,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4836,12 +4839,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4854,7 +4857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4869,7 +4872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4882,7 +4885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4893,7 +4896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4903,7 +4906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4913,7 +4916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4930,7 +4933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4940,7 +4943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4953,7 +4956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4965,7 +4968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -4975,7 +4978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4983,7 +4986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -4998,7 +5001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -5009,7 +5012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -5019,7 +5022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -5029,43 +5032,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5078,7 +5081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5090,7 +5093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5099,7 +5102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5112,7 +5115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5126,7 +5129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -5137,7 +5140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5149,7 +5152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -5161,7 +5164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5171,7 +5174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5186,7 +5189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5198,7 +5201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5209,7 +5212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5226,7 +5229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5235,7 +5238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5246,7 +5249,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5255,7 +5258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5267,46 +5270,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -5315,7 +5318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -5327,7 +5330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5337,7 +5340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5346,7 +5349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5356,7 +5359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5364,7 +5367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5379,7 +5382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -5387,7 +5390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -5396,7 +5399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5412,7 +5415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5420,7 +5423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5429,7 +5432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -5440,7 +5443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5455,7 +5458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5465,7 +5468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5474,7 +5477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5489,7 +5492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5502,7 +5505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5515,7 +5518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5525,7 +5528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5536,7 +5539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5546,7 +5549,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -5555,12 +5558,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5568,12 +5571,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5581,13 +5584,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5598,7 +5601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5608,7 +5611,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5629,7 +5632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5644,7 +5647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5658,7 +5661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5670,12 +5673,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5692,7 +5695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5706,7 +5709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5716,7 +5719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5727,7 +5730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5739,7 +5742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5750,7 +5753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5760,7 +5763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5772,7 +5775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5782,7 +5785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5790,7 +5793,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5800,38 +5803,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5842,7 +5845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5850,7 +5853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5862,7 +5865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5870,7 +5873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5888,7 +5891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5904,7 +5907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5916,7 +5919,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5928,7 +5931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5943,7 +5946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5953,7 +5956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5963,7 +5966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5980,7 +5983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5996,7 +5999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -6012,7 +6015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -6025,7 +6028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -6038,7 +6041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -6051,7 +6054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -6064,7 +6067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -6074,17 +6077,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6092,29 +6095,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6127,7 +6130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6135,7 +6138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6146,7 +6149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6155,7 +6158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6163,7 +6166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6174,7 +6177,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6184,7 +6187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6193,7 +6196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6203,7 +6206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6212,7 +6215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6225,7 +6228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6237,7 +6240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6253,7 +6256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6265,7 +6268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6277,7 +6280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6291,7 +6294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6303,7 +6306,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6314,21 +6317,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6342,7 +6345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6355,12 +6358,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6374,7 +6377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6384,7 +6387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6399,12 +6402,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6412,37 +6415,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6463,7 +6466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6476,7 +6479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6491,7 +6494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6509,14 +6512,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6534,7 +6537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6549,7 +6552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6569,7 +6572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6578,7 +6581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6595,7 +6598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6610,12 +6613,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6625,12 +6628,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6639,7 +6642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6648,7 +6651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6662,7 +6665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6674,7 +6677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6689,7 +6692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6700,7 +6703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6708,7 +6711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6716,7 +6719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6729,7 +6732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6738,7 +6741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6750,7 +6753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6760,12 +6763,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6773,30 +6776,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6813,7 +6816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6822,7 +6825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6831,7 +6834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6849,7 +6852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6860,7 +6863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6871,7 +6874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6881,7 +6884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6894,35 +6897,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6931,7 +6934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6939,12 +6942,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6953,7 +6956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6965,14 +6968,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6986,7 +6989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6999,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -7015,7 +7018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -7023,7 +7026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -7035,7 +7038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -7043,7 +7046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -7051,7 +7054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -7063,13 +7066,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7082,7 +7085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7094,7 +7097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7104,7 +7107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7118,14 +7121,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7138,7 +7141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7151,48 +7154,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -7216,7 +7219,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7228,7 +7231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7239,7 +7242,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7249,7 +7252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7264,33 +7267,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7300,7 +7303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7310,7 +7313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7319,7 +7322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7330,7 +7333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7348,7 +7351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7361,7 +7364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7374,7 +7377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7384,7 +7387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7397,7 +7400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7407,7 +7410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7421,7 +7424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7433,7 +7436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7445,7 +7448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7456,7 +7459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7469,7 +7472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7480,7 +7483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7489,7 +7492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7502,7 +7505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7514,26 +7517,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7541,12 +7544,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -7560,7 +7563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7573,7 +7576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7582,7 +7585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7594,7 +7597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7611,7 +7614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7622,7 +7625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7633,7 +7636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7644,7 +7647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7656,7 +7659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7666,7 +7669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7678,7 +7681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7692,7 +7695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7709,7 +7712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7718,7 +7721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7732,7 +7735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7743,7 +7746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7753,7 +7756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7763,7 +7766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7771,12 +7774,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7784,30 +7787,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7815,7 +7818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7826,7 +7829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7836,7 +7839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7846,14 +7849,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7865,7 +7868,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7875,7 +7878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7886,7 +7889,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7895,7 +7898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7910,7 +7913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7923,7 +7926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7933,7 +7936,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7949,7 +7952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7964,7 +7967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7972,7 +7975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7985,14 +7988,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -8001,7 +8004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -8010,7 +8013,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -8025,7 +8028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -8035,7 +8038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -8044,7 +8047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -8055,7 +8058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -8064,7 +8067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -8076,7 +8079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8085,7 +8088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8097,7 +8100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8109,12 +8112,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8122,31 +8125,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8158,7 +8161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8172,7 +8175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8182,38 +8185,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -8224,7 +8227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8234,7 +8237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8244,7 +8247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8254,19 +8257,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8281,7 +8284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8296,7 +8299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8307,7 +8310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8317,7 +8320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8328,13 +8331,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8342,7 +8345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8352,7 +8355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8361,7 +8364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -8372,7 +8375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8385,14 +8388,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8400,7 +8403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8411,12 +8414,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8427,7 +8430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8436,7 +8439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8445,7 +8448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8464,7 +8467,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8472,7 +8475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8481,46 +8484,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8528,32 +8531,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8562,7 +8565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8580,7 +8583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8589,7 +8592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8602,7 +8605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8612,7 +8615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8620,7 +8623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8630,12 +8633,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8644,7 +8647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8653,7 +8656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8665,12 +8668,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8683,7 +8686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8691,14 +8694,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8706,14 +8709,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8721,7 +8724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8730,14 +8733,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8746,24 +8749,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8776,34 +8779,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8811,7 +8814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8821,7 +8824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8832,7 +8835,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -8842,7 +8845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8852,12 +8855,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8869,7 +8872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8879,29 +8882,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8909,28 +8912,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8943,7 +8946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8953,7 +8956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8961,12 +8964,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8974,31 +8977,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -9012,7 +9015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -9025,7 +9028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -9039,14 +9042,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -9059,7 +9062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -9070,7 +9073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9080,7 +9083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9089,12 +9092,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9104,7 +9107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9113,7 +9116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9126,7 +9129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9138,7 +9141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9150,7 +9153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9163,7 +9166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9173,7 +9176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9185,7 +9188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9200,7 +9203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9211,7 +9214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9225,7 +9228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9244,7 +9247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9256,7 +9259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -9268,7 +9271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9280,34 +9283,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9316,7 +9319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9325,7 +9328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9335,7 +9338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9348,22 +9351,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9372,12 +9375,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9385,7 +9388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -9394,7 +9397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -9403,7 +9406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -9414,7 +9417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9430,7 +9433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9443,7 +9446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9457,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9471,7 +9474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9490,7 +9493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9500,7 +9503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9512,7 +9515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9526,7 +9529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9538,7 +9541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9549,7 +9552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9561,7 +9564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9573,7 +9576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9584,7 +9587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9596,7 +9599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9611,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -9623,7 +9626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9635,12 +9638,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9648,30 +9651,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9687,7 +9690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9701,7 +9704,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9715,7 +9718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9729,7 +9732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9743,7 +9746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9755,7 +9758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9763,7 +9766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9781,7 +9784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9792,7 +9795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9800,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9811,7 +9814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9820,7 +9823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9831,7 +9834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9841,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9865,7 +9868,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9873,7 +9876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9882,7 +9885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9896,7 +9899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9905,7 +9908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9923,7 +9926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9935,17 +9938,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9961,7 +9964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9973,7 +9976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9985,7 +9988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9993,24 +9996,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -10018,19 +10021,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -10047,7 +10050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -10063,7 +10066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10074,12 +10077,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10095,7 +10098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10109,7 +10112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10124,7 +10127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10137,7 +10140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10153,7 +10156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10164,7 +10167,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10179,12 +10182,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10195,7 +10198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10208,7 +10211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10217,7 +10220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10230,14 +10233,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10251,7 +10254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10260,14 +10263,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10285,7 +10288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10293,7 +10296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10304,7 +10307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10319,7 +10322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10339,42 +10342,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10387,7 +10390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10401,7 +10404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -10412,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10425,7 +10428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10438,7 +10441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10451,7 +10454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -10467,7 +10470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -10483,7 +10486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10495,7 +10498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10504,7 +10507,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10516,7 +10519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10530,7 +10533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -10542,7 +10545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10552,7 +10555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10570,7 +10573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10579,12 +10582,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10592,29 +10595,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10624,7 +10627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10633,7 +10636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10643,12 +10646,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10660,7 +10663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10670,7 +10673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10679,12 +10682,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10696,7 +10699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10706,7 +10709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10722,12 +10725,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10739,7 +10742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10748,7 +10751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10759,7 +10762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10770,7 +10773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10781,7 +10784,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10795,7 +10798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10804,7 +10807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10815,7 +10818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10827,7 +10830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10838,7 +10841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10847,7 +10850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10858,7 +10861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10871,7 +10874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10882,7 +10885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10892,12 +10895,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10907,7 +10910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10919,7 +10922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10930,7 +10933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10943,7 +10946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10955,7 +10958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10965,7 +10968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10978,7 +10981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10987,7 +10990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10997,7 +11000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -11013,42 +11016,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -11058,7 +11061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -11067,7 +11070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11078,7 +11081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -11090,7 +11093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11099,7 +11102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11111,7 +11114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -11123,7 +11126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -11136,7 +11139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11147,7 +11150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11158,7 +11161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11168,7 +11171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -11177,7 +11180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11190,7 +11193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11202,7 +11205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11218,7 +11221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11230,7 +11233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11240,7 +11243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11254,7 +11257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11267,7 +11270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11279,7 +11282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11294,12 +11297,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11307,29 +11310,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11338,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11353,7 +11356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11374,7 +11377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11388,7 +11391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11396,7 +11399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11413,7 +11416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -11424,7 +11427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11435,7 +11438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11451,7 +11454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11468,7 +11471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11488,7 +11491,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -11503,7 +11506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11516,7 +11519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -11528,7 +11531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11543,7 +11546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11554,7 +11557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11565,12 +11568,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11578,24 +11581,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11606,7 +11609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11618,7 +11621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11630,7 +11633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11640,7 +11643,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11650,12 +11653,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11668,7 +11671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11689,7 +11692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11704,7 +11707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11714,12 +11717,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11732,7 +11735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11744,7 +11747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11757,7 +11760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11767,7 +11770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11776,7 +11779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11786,7 +11789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11799,7 +11802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11810,7 +11813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11824,7 +11827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11842,7 +11845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11855,46 +11858,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11904,7 +11907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11912,7 +11915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11928,7 +11931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11937,7 +11940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11948,7 +11951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11962,7 +11965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11985,7 +11988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -12002,7 +12005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -12016,14 +12019,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -12043,7 +12046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -12055,7 +12058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -12067,7 +12070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12079,7 +12082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12088,7 +12091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12097,7 +12100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -12106,47 +12109,47 @@ msgid "" "public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12154,16 +12157,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12171,15 +12174,15 @@ msgid "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12190,57 +12193,57 @@ msgid "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12250,30 +12253,30 @@ msgid "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -12281,8 +12284,8 @@ msgid "" ">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12290,23 +12293,23 @@ msgid "" "Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -12314,159 +12317,159 @@ msgid "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12474,15 +12477,15 @@ msgid "" "proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12491,8 +12494,8 @@ msgid "" "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12500,8 +12503,8 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -12509,113 +12512,113 @@ msgid "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12624,36 +12627,36 @@ msgid "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" "NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12662,16 +12665,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12680,8 +12683,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12689,8 +12692,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12738,8 +12741,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/pl/mwcc.po b/po/pl/mwcc.po index 33d6716..b5011e7 100644 --- a/po/pl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/pl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-01-30 23:43+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Stanisław Krukowski <pet209a1@riseup.net>\n" "Language-Team: Polish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -881,8 +881,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -932,10 +933,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -984,7 +985,8 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> @@ -1062,21 +1064,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1084,7 +1086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1095,7 +1097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1106,14 +1108,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -1130,23 +1132,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1154,7 +1156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1164,7 +1166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1172,12 +1174,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1188,12 +1190,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1202,7 +1204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1211,7 +1213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1233,7 +1235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1244,7 +1246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1253,12 +1255,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1269,7 +1271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1279,7 +1281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1287,7 +1289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1295,28 +1297,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1324,7 +1326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1333,11 +1335,11 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1347,30 +1349,31 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1382,7 +1385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1390,7 +1393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1410,7 +1413,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1423,14 +1426,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1444,7 +1447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1453,23 +1456,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1477,12 +1480,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1490,12 +1493,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1503,28 +1506,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1541,7 +1544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1550,7 +1553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1563,7 +1566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1578,7 +1581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1586,7 +1589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1596,12 +1599,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Narodziny Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1612,7 +1615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -1620,7 +1623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1637,7 +1640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1647,14 +1650,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1666,7 +1669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1680,7 +1683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1690,7 +1693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -1698,7 +1701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1712,22 +1715,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1743,7 +1746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -1751,7 +1754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1761,7 +1764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1772,7 +1775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1780,7 +1783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1793,14 +1796,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1820,7 +1823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1828,7 +1831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1842,7 +1845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1857,7 +1860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1865,7 +1868,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1877,7 +1880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1886,7 +1889,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1894,14 +1897,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1916,7 +1919,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1924,7 +1927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -1935,14 +1938,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -1953,7 +1956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1968,7 +1971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1982,7 +1985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -1992,7 +1995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -2007,12 +2010,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -2021,7 +2024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2031,7 +2034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2045,7 +2048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2059,7 +2062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -2067,7 +2070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2083,7 +2086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2097,7 +2100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2112,7 +2115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2128,7 +2131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2137,12 +2140,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -2155,7 +2158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2165,7 +2168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2177,7 +2180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2187,7 +2190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2196,7 +2199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2211,7 +2214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2222,7 +2225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2233,17 +2236,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Jak może być zrobione na licencji Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2260,7 +2263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2272,7 +2275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2280,7 +2283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2291,7 +2294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2299,7 +2302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -2312,7 +2315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2321,7 +2324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2333,7 +2336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2346,7 +2349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2356,7 +2359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2371,7 +2374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2385,7 +2388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2395,14 +2398,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2417,7 +2420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2429,7 +2432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2441,7 +2444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2449,7 +2452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2462,12 +2465,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2482,7 +2485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2490,7 +2493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2504,12 +2507,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2527,7 +2530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2542,7 +2545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2552,7 +2555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2560,26 +2563,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -2600,26 +2603,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -2638,12 +2641,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2660,12 +2663,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -2674,7 +2677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2687,12 +2690,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2703,7 +2706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2714,7 +2717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2731,12 +2734,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2748,12 +2751,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2767,19 +2770,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2793,7 +2796,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2803,12 +2806,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2824,17 +2827,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2846,12 +2849,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -2859,7 +2862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2877,7 +2880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2892,7 +2895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2907,7 +2910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2918,12 +2921,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2934,12 +2937,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2956,7 +2959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2973,12 +2976,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2987,12 +2990,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -3006,29 +3009,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -3045,12 +3048,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -3062,17 +3065,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -3088,12 +3091,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -3102,7 +3105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -3120,12 +3123,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -3137,7 +3140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -3148,24 +3151,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -3177,12 +3180,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3200,12 +3203,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3219,7 +3222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3230,7 +3233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3239,24 +3242,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -3269,17 +3272,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3303,12 +3306,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3319,12 +3322,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3333,12 +3336,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3354,22 +3357,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3385,12 +3388,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -3404,17 +3407,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3428,13 +3431,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3445,12 +3448,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3463,12 +3466,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3477,7 +3480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3491,7 +3494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3501,17 +3504,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3521,13 +3524,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3542,12 +3545,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3560,12 +3563,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3583,7 +3586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3594,12 +3597,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3616,7 +3619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3627,7 +3630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3635,7 +3638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3643,7 +3646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3656,7 +3659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3671,7 +3674,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3680,19 +3683,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3703,14 +3706,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3726,7 +3729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -3740,12 +3743,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3758,22 +3761,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3787,17 +3790,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3814,22 +3817,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3847,12 +3850,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -3865,12 +3868,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3884,22 +3887,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -3913,7 +3916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3921,17 +3924,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3947,12 +3950,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3965,7 +3968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3978,12 +3981,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3993,19 +3996,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -4018,17 +4021,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -4045,17 +4048,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -4071,19 +4074,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -4092,14 +4095,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -4115,7 +4118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -4123,7 +4126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -4139,7 +4142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4151,28 +4154,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -4188,12 +4191,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4206,17 +4209,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4237,19 +4240,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4265,14 +4268,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4286,12 +4289,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Licencje Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4306,29 +4309,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4337,12 +4340,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4353,12 +4356,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4366,12 +4369,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4380,12 +4383,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4393,12 +4396,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4407,7 +4410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4415,31 +4418,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4452,7 +4455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4467,7 +4470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4482,7 +4485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4491,7 +4494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4505,12 +4508,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -4519,12 +4522,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4536,7 +4539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4546,24 +4549,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4571,38 +4574,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4618,7 +4621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4629,7 +4632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4640,7 +4643,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4652,7 +4655,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4663,7 +4666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4674,7 +4677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4689,7 +4692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4705,7 +4708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4716,7 +4719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4726,7 +4729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4740,7 +4743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4753,12 +4756,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4772,7 +4775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4787,7 +4790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4801,7 +4804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4813,7 +4816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4824,12 +4827,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4846,7 +4849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4856,7 +4859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -4867,7 +4870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4875,12 +4878,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4888,45 +4891,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4935,12 +4938,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4953,7 +4956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4968,7 +4971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4981,7 +4984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4992,7 +4995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -5002,7 +5005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -5012,7 +5015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -5029,7 +5032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -5039,7 +5042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -5052,7 +5055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -5064,7 +5067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -5074,7 +5077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -5082,7 +5085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -5097,7 +5100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -5108,7 +5111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -5118,7 +5121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -5128,43 +5131,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5177,7 +5180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5189,7 +5192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5198,7 +5201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5211,7 +5214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5225,7 +5228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -5236,7 +5239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5248,7 +5251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -5260,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5270,7 +5273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5285,7 +5288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5297,7 +5300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5308,7 +5311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5325,7 +5328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5334,7 +5337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5345,7 +5348,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5354,7 +5357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5366,46 +5369,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -5414,7 +5417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -5426,7 +5429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5436,7 +5439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5445,7 +5448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5455,7 +5458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5463,7 +5466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5478,7 +5481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -5486,7 +5489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -5495,7 +5498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5511,7 +5514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5519,7 +5522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5528,7 +5531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -5539,7 +5542,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5554,7 +5557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5564,7 +5567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5573,7 +5576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5588,7 +5591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5601,7 +5604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5614,7 +5617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5624,7 +5627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5635,7 +5638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5645,7 +5648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -5654,12 +5657,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5667,12 +5670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5680,13 +5683,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5697,7 +5700,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5707,7 +5710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5728,7 +5731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5743,7 +5746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5757,7 +5760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5769,12 +5772,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5791,7 +5794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5805,7 +5808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5815,7 +5818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5826,7 +5829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5838,7 +5841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5849,7 +5852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5859,7 +5862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5871,7 +5874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5881,7 +5884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5889,7 +5892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5899,38 +5902,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5941,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5949,7 +5952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5961,7 +5964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5969,7 +5972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5987,7 +5990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -6003,7 +6006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -6015,7 +6018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -6027,7 +6030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -6042,7 +6045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -6052,7 +6055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -6062,7 +6065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -6079,7 +6082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -6095,7 +6098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -6111,7 +6114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -6124,7 +6127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -6137,7 +6140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -6150,7 +6153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -6163,7 +6166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -6173,17 +6176,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6191,29 +6194,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6226,7 +6229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6234,7 +6237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6245,7 +6248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6254,7 +6257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6262,7 +6265,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6273,7 +6276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6283,7 +6286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6292,7 +6295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6302,7 +6305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6311,7 +6314,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6324,7 +6327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6336,7 +6339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6352,7 +6355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6364,7 +6367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6376,7 +6379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6390,7 +6393,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6402,7 +6405,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6413,21 +6416,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6441,7 +6444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6454,12 +6457,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6473,7 +6476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6483,7 +6486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6498,12 +6501,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6511,37 +6514,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6562,7 +6565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6575,7 +6578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6590,7 +6593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6608,14 +6611,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6633,7 +6636,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6648,7 +6651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6668,7 +6671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6677,7 +6680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6694,7 +6697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6709,12 +6712,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6724,12 +6727,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6738,7 +6741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6747,7 +6750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6761,7 +6764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6773,7 +6776,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6788,7 +6791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6799,7 +6802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6807,7 +6810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6815,7 +6818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6828,7 +6831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6837,7 +6840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6849,7 +6852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6859,12 +6862,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6872,30 +6875,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6912,7 +6915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6921,7 +6924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6930,7 +6933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6948,7 +6951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6959,7 +6962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6970,7 +6973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6980,7 +6983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6993,35 +6996,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -7030,7 +7033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -7038,12 +7041,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -7052,7 +7055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -7064,14 +7067,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -7085,7 +7088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -7098,7 +7101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -7114,7 +7117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -7122,7 +7125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -7134,7 +7137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -7142,7 +7145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -7150,7 +7153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -7162,13 +7165,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7181,7 +7184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7193,7 +7196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7203,7 +7206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7217,14 +7220,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7237,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7250,48 +7253,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -7315,7 +7318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7327,7 +7330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7338,7 +7341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7348,7 +7351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7363,33 +7366,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7399,7 +7402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7409,7 +7412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7418,7 +7421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7429,7 +7432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7447,7 +7450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7460,7 +7463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7473,7 +7476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7483,7 +7486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7496,7 +7499,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7506,7 +7509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7520,7 +7523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7532,7 +7535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7544,7 +7547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7555,7 +7558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7568,7 +7571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7579,7 +7582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7588,7 +7591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7601,7 +7604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7613,26 +7616,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7640,12 +7643,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -7659,7 +7662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7672,7 +7675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7681,7 +7684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7693,7 +7696,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7710,7 +7713,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7721,7 +7724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7732,7 +7735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7743,7 +7746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7755,7 +7758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7765,7 +7768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7777,7 +7780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7791,7 +7794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7808,7 +7811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7817,7 +7820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7831,7 +7834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7842,7 +7845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7852,7 +7855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7862,7 +7865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7870,12 +7873,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7883,30 +7886,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7914,7 +7917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7925,7 +7928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7935,7 +7938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7945,14 +7948,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7964,7 +7967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7974,7 +7977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7985,7 +7988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7994,7 +7997,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -8009,7 +8012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -8022,7 +8025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -8032,7 +8035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -8048,7 +8051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -8063,7 +8066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -8071,7 +8074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -8084,14 +8087,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -8100,7 +8103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -8109,7 +8112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -8124,7 +8127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -8134,7 +8137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -8143,7 +8146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -8154,7 +8157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -8163,7 +8166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -8175,7 +8178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8184,7 +8187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8196,7 +8199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8208,12 +8211,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8221,31 +8224,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8257,7 +8260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8271,7 +8274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8281,38 +8284,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -8323,7 +8326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8333,7 +8336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8343,7 +8346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8353,19 +8356,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8380,7 +8383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8395,7 +8398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8406,7 +8409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8416,7 +8419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8427,13 +8430,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8441,7 +8444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8451,7 +8454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8460,7 +8463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -8471,7 +8474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8484,14 +8487,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8499,7 +8502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8510,12 +8513,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8526,7 +8529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8535,7 +8538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8544,7 +8547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8563,7 +8566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8571,7 +8574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8580,46 +8583,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8627,32 +8630,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8661,7 +8664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8679,7 +8682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8688,7 +8691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8701,7 +8704,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8711,7 +8714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8719,7 +8722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8729,12 +8732,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8743,7 +8746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8752,7 +8755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8764,12 +8767,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8782,7 +8785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8790,14 +8793,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8805,14 +8808,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8820,7 +8823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8829,14 +8832,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8845,24 +8848,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8875,34 +8878,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8910,7 +8913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8920,7 +8923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8931,7 +8934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -8941,7 +8944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8951,12 +8954,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8968,7 +8971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8978,29 +8981,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -9008,28 +9011,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -9042,7 +9045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -9052,7 +9055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -9060,12 +9063,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -9073,31 +9076,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -9111,7 +9114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -9124,7 +9127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -9138,14 +9141,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -9158,7 +9161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -9169,7 +9172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9179,7 +9182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9188,12 +9191,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9203,7 +9206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9212,7 +9215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9225,7 +9228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9237,7 +9240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9249,7 +9252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9262,7 +9265,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9272,7 +9275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9284,7 +9287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9299,7 +9302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9310,7 +9313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9324,7 +9327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9343,7 +9346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9355,7 +9358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -9367,7 +9370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9379,34 +9382,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9415,7 +9418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9424,7 +9427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9434,7 +9437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9447,22 +9450,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9471,12 +9474,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9484,7 +9487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -9493,7 +9496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -9502,7 +9505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -9513,7 +9516,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9529,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9542,7 +9545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9556,7 +9559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9570,7 +9573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9589,7 +9592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9599,7 +9602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9611,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9625,7 +9628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9637,7 +9640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9648,7 +9651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9660,7 +9663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9672,7 +9675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9683,7 +9686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9695,7 +9698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9710,7 +9713,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -9722,7 +9725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9734,12 +9737,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9747,30 +9750,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9786,7 +9789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9800,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9814,7 +9817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9828,7 +9831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9842,7 +9845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9854,7 +9857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9862,7 +9865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9880,7 +9883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9891,7 +9894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9899,7 +9902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9910,7 +9913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9919,7 +9922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9930,7 +9933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9940,7 +9943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9964,7 +9967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9972,7 +9975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9981,7 +9984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9995,7 +9998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -10004,7 +10007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -10022,7 +10025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -10034,17 +10037,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -10060,7 +10063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -10072,7 +10075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -10084,7 +10087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -10092,24 +10095,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -10117,19 +10120,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -10146,7 +10149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -10162,7 +10165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10173,12 +10176,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10194,7 +10197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10208,7 +10211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10223,7 +10226,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10236,7 +10239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10252,7 +10255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10263,7 +10266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10278,12 +10281,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10294,7 +10297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10307,7 +10310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10316,7 +10319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10329,14 +10332,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10350,7 +10353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10359,14 +10362,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10384,7 +10387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10392,7 +10395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10403,7 +10406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10418,7 +10421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10438,42 +10441,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10486,7 +10489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10500,7 +10503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -10511,7 +10514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10524,7 +10527,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10537,7 +10540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10550,7 +10553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -10566,7 +10569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -10582,7 +10585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10594,7 +10597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10603,7 +10606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10615,7 +10618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10629,7 +10632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -10641,7 +10644,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10651,7 +10654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10669,7 +10672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10678,12 +10681,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10691,29 +10694,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10723,7 +10726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10732,7 +10735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10742,12 +10745,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10759,7 +10762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10769,7 +10772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10778,12 +10781,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10795,7 +10798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10805,7 +10808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10821,12 +10824,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10838,7 +10841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10847,7 +10850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10858,7 +10861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10869,7 +10872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10880,7 +10883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10894,7 +10897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10903,7 +10906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10914,7 +10917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10926,7 +10929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10937,7 +10940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10946,7 +10949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10957,7 +10960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10970,7 +10973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10981,7 +10984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10991,12 +10994,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -11006,7 +11009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -11018,7 +11021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -11029,7 +11032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -11042,7 +11045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -11054,7 +11057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -11064,7 +11067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -11077,7 +11080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -11086,7 +11089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -11096,7 +11099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -11112,42 +11115,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -11157,7 +11160,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -11166,7 +11169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11177,7 +11180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -11189,7 +11192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11198,7 +11201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11210,7 +11213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -11222,7 +11225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -11235,7 +11238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11246,7 +11249,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11257,7 +11260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11267,7 +11270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -11276,7 +11279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11289,7 +11292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11301,7 +11304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11317,7 +11320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11329,7 +11332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11339,7 +11342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11353,7 +11356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11366,7 +11369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11378,7 +11381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11393,12 +11396,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11406,29 +11409,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11437,7 +11440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11452,7 +11455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11473,7 +11476,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11487,7 +11490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11495,7 +11498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11512,7 +11515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -11523,7 +11526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11534,7 +11537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11550,7 +11553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11567,7 +11570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11587,7 +11590,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -11602,7 +11605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11615,7 +11618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -11627,7 +11630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11642,7 +11645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11653,7 +11656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11664,12 +11667,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11677,24 +11680,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11705,7 +11708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11717,7 +11720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11729,7 +11732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11739,7 +11742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11749,12 +11752,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11767,7 +11770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11788,7 +11791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11803,7 +11806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11813,12 +11816,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11831,7 +11834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11843,7 +11846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11856,7 +11859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11866,7 +11869,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11875,7 +11878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11885,7 +11888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11898,7 +11901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11909,7 +11912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11923,7 +11926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11941,7 +11944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11954,46 +11957,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -12003,7 +12006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -12011,7 +12014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -12027,7 +12030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -12036,7 +12039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -12047,7 +12050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -12061,7 +12064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -12084,7 +12087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -12101,7 +12104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -12115,14 +12118,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -12142,7 +12145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -12154,7 +12157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -12166,7 +12169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12178,7 +12181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12187,7 +12190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12196,7 +12199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -12205,47 +12208,47 @@ msgid "" "public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12253,16 +12256,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12270,15 +12273,15 @@ msgid "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12289,57 +12292,57 @@ msgid "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12349,30 +12352,30 @@ msgid "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -12380,8 +12383,8 @@ msgid "" ">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12389,23 +12392,23 @@ msgid "" "Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -12413,159 +12416,159 @@ msgid "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12573,15 +12576,15 @@ msgid "" "proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12590,8 +12593,8 @@ msgid "" "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12599,8 +12602,8 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -12608,113 +12611,113 @@ msgid "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12723,36 +12726,36 @@ msgid "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" "NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12761,16 +12764,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12779,8 +12782,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12788,8 +12791,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12837,8 +12840,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/sv/mwcc.po b/po/sv/mwcc.po index 1d77def..e9f5032 100644 --- a/po/sv/mwcc.po +++ b/po/sv/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2019-11-19 19:04+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Mattias Münster <mattiasmun@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: Swedish <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -678,8 +678,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -729,10 +730,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -781,7 +782,8 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> @@ -859,21 +861,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -881,7 +883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -892,7 +894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -903,14 +905,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -927,23 +929,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -951,7 +953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -961,7 +963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -969,12 +971,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -985,12 +987,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1008,7 +1010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1019,7 +1021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1030,7 +1032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1041,7 +1043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1050,12 +1052,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1066,7 +1068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1076,7 +1078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1084,7 +1086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1092,28 +1094,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1121,7 +1123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1130,11 +1132,11 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1144,30 +1146,31 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1179,7 +1182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1187,7 +1190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1207,7 +1210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1220,14 +1223,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1241,7 +1244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1250,23 +1253,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1274,12 +1277,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1287,12 +1290,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1300,28 +1303,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1338,7 +1341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1347,7 +1350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1360,7 +1363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1375,7 +1378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1383,7 +1386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1393,12 +1396,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1409,7 +1412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -1417,7 +1420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1434,7 +1437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1444,14 +1447,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1463,7 +1466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1477,7 +1480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1487,7 +1490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -1495,7 +1498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1509,22 +1512,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1540,7 +1543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -1548,7 +1551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1558,7 +1561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1569,7 +1572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1577,7 +1580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1590,14 +1593,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1617,7 +1620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1625,7 +1628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1639,7 +1642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1654,7 +1657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1662,7 +1665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1674,7 +1677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1683,7 +1686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1691,14 +1694,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1713,7 +1716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1721,7 +1724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -1732,14 +1735,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -1750,7 +1753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1765,7 +1768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1779,7 +1782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -1789,7 +1792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1804,12 +1807,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1818,7 +1821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1828,7 +1831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1842,7 +1845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1856,7 +1859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1864,7 +1867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1880,7 +1883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1894,7 +1897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1909,7 +1912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1925,7 +1928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1934,12 +1937,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1952,7 +1955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1962,7 +1965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1974,7 +1977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1984,7 +1987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1993,7 +1996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2008,7 +2011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2019,7 +2022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2030,17 +2033,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2057,7 +2060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2069,7 +2072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2077,7 +2080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2088,7 +2091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2096,7 +2099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -2109,7 +2112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2118,7 +2121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2130,7 +2133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2143,7 +2146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2153,7 +2156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2168,7 +2171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2182,7 +2185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2192,14 +2195,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2214,7 +2217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2226,7 +2229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2238,7 +2241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2246,7 +2249,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2259,12 +2262,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2279,7 +2282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2287,7 +2290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2301,12 +2304,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2324,7 +2327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2339,7 +2342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2349,7 +2352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2357,26 +2360,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -2397,26 +2400,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -2435,12 +2438,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2457,12 +2460,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -2471,7 +2474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2484,12 +2487,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2500,7 +2503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2511,7 +2514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2528,12 +2531,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2545,12 +2548,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2564,19 +2567,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2590,7 +2593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2600,12 +2603,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2621,17 +2624,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2643,12 +2646,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -2656,7 +2659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2674,7 +2677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2689,7 +2692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2704,7 +2707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2715,12 +2718,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2731,12 +2734,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2753,7 +2756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2770,12 +2773,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2784,12 +2787,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2803,29 +2806,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2842,12 +2845,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2859,17 +2862,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2885,12 +2888,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -2899,7 +2902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2917,12 +2920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2934,7 +2937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2945,24 +2948,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -2974,12 +2977,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2997,12 +3000,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3016,7 +3019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3027,7 +3030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3036,24 +3039,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -3066,17 +3069,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3100,12 +3103,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3116,12 +3119,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3130,12 +3133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3151,22 +3154,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3182,12 +3185,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -3201,17 +3204,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3225,13 +3228,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3242,12 +3245,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3260,12 +3263,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3274,7 +3277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3288,7 +3291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3298,17 +3301,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3318,13 +3321,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3339,12 +3342,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3357,12 +3360,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3380,7 +3383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3391,12 +3394,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3413,7 +3416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3424,7 +3427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3432,7 +3435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3440,7 +3443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3453,7 +3456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3468,7 +3471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3477,19 +3480,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3500,14 +3503,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3523,7 +3526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -3537,12 +3540,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3555,22 +3558,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3584,17 +3587,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3611,22 +3614,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3644,12 +3647,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -3662,12 +3665,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3681,22 +3684,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -3710,7 +3713,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3718,17 +3721,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3744,12 +3747,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3762,7 +3765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3775,12 +3778,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3790,19 +3793,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3815,17 +3818,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3842,17 +3845,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -3868,19 +3871,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -3889,14 +3892,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3912,7 +3915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -3920,7 +3923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3936,7 +3939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3948,28 +3951,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -3985,12 +3988,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4003,17 +4006,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4034,19 +4037,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4062,14 +4065,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4083,12 +4086,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4103,29 +4106,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4134,12 +4137,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4150,12 +4153,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4163,12 +4166,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4177,12 +4180,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4190,12 +4193,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4204,7 +4207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4212,31 +4215,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4249,7 +4252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4264,7 +4267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4279,7 +4282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4288,7 +4291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4302,12 +4305,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -4316,12 +4319,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4333,7 +4336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4343,24 +4346,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4368,38 +4371,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4415,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4426,7 +4429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4437,7 +4440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4449,7 +4452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4460,7 +4463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4471,7 +4474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4486,7 +4489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4502,7 +4505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4513,7 +4516,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4523,7 +4526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4537,7 +4540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4550,12 +4553,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4569,7 +4572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4584,7 +4587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4598,7 +4601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4610,7 +4613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4621,12 +4624,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4643,7 +4646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4653,7 +4656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -4664,7 +4667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4672,12 +4675,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4685,45 +4688,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4732,12 +4735,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4750,7 +4753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4765,7 +4768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4778,7 +4781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4789,7 +4792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4799,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4809,7 +4812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4826,7 +4829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4836,7 +4839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4849,7 +4852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4861,7 +4864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -4871,7 +4874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4879,7 +4882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -4894,7 +4897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4905,7 +4908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -4915,7 +4918,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4925,43 +4928,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4974,7 +4977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4986,7 +4989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4995,7 +4998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5008,7 +5011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5022,7 +5025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -5033,7 +5036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5045,7 +5048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -5057,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5067,7 +5070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5082,7 +5085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5094,7 +5097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5105,7 +5108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5122,7 +5125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5131,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5142,7 +5145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5151,7 +5154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5163,46 +5166,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -5211,7 +5214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -5223,7 +5226,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5233,7 +5236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5242,7 +5245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5252,7 +5255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5260,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5275,7 +5278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -5283,7 +5286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -5292,7 +5295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5308,7 +5311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5316,7 +5319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5325,7 +5328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -5336,7 +5339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5351,7 +5354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5361,7 +5364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5370,7 +5373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5385,7 +5388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5398,7 +5401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5411,7 +5414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5421,7 +5424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5432,7 +5435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5442,7 +5445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -5451,12 +5454,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5464,12 +5467,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5477,13 +5480,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5494,7 +5497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5504,7 +5507,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5525,7 +5528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5540,7 +5543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5554,7 +5557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5566,12 +5569,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5588,7 +5591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5602,7 +5605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5612,7 +5615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5623,7 +5626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5635,7 +5638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5646,7 +5649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5656,7 +5659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5668,7 +5671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5678,7 +5681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5686,7 +5689,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5696,38 +5699,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5738,7 +5741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5746,7 +5749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5758,7 +5761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5766,7 +5769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5784,7 +5787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5800,7 +5803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5812,7 +5815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5824,7 +5827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5839,7 +5842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5849,7 +5852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5859,7 +5862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5876,7 +5879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5892,7 +5895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5908,7 +5911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5921,7 +5924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5934,7 +5937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5947,7 +5950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5960,7 +5963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5970,17 +5973,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5988,29 +5991,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6023,7 +6026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6031,7 +6034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6042,7 +6045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6051,7 +6054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6059,7 +6062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6070,7 +6073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6080,7 +6083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6089,7 +6092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6099,7 +6102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6108,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6121,7 +6124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6133,7 +6136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6149,7 +6152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6161,7 +6164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6173,7 +6176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6187,7 +6190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6199,7 +6202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6210,21 +6213,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6238,7 +6241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6251,12 +6254,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6270,7 +6273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6280,7 +6283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6295,12 +6298,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6308,37 +6311,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6359,7 +6362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6372,7 +6375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6387,7 +6390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6405,14 +6408,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6430,7 +6433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6445,7 +6448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6465,7 +6468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6474,7 +6477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6491,7 +6494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6506,12 +6509,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6521,12 +6524,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6535,7 +6538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6544,7 +6547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6558,7 +6561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6570,7 +6573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6585,7 +6588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6596,7 +6599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6604,7 +6607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6612,7 +6615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6625,7 +6628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6634,7 +6637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6646,7 +6649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6656,12 +6659,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6669,30 +6672,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6709,7 +6712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6718,7 +6721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6727,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6745,7 +6748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6756,7 +6759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6767,7 +6770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6777,7 +6780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6790,35 +6793,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6827,7 +6830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6835,12 +6838,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6849,7 +6852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6861,14 +6864,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6882,7 +6885,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6895,7 +6898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6911,7 +6914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6919,7 +6922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6931,7 +6934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6939,7 +6942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6947,7 +6950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -6959,13 +6962,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6978,7 +6981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6990,7 +6993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7000,7 +7003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7014,14 +7017,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7034,7 +7037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7047,48 +7050,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -7112,7 +7115,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7124,7 +7127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7135,7 +7138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7145,7 +7148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7160,33 +7163,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7196,7 +7199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7206,7 +7209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7215,7 +7218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7226,7 +7229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7244,7 +7247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7257,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7270,7 +7273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7280,7 +7283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7293,7 +7296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7303,7 +7306,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7317,7 +7320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7329,7 +7332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7341,7 +7344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7352,7 +7355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7365,7 +7368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7376,7 +7379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7385,7 +7388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7398,7 +7401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7410,26 +7413,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7437,12 +7440,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -7456,7 +7459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7469,7 +7472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7478,7 +7481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7490,7 +7493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7507,7 +7510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7518,7 +7521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7529,7 +7532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7540,7 +7543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7552,7 +7555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7562,7 +7565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7574,7 +7577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7588,7 +7591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7605,7 +7608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7614,7 +7617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7628,7 +7631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7639,7 +7642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7649,7 +7652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7659,7 +7662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7667,12 +7670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7680,30 +7683,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7711,7 +7714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7722,7 +7725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7732,7 +7735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7742,14 +7745,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7761,7 +7764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7771,7 +7774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7782,7 +7785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7791,7 +7794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7806,7 +7809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7819,7 +7822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7829,7 +7832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7845,7 +7848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7860,7 +7863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7868,7 +7871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7881,14 +7884,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7897,7 +7900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7906,7 +7909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7921,7 +7924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7931,7 +7934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7940,7 +7943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7951,7 +7954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7960,7 +7963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -7972,7 +7975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7981,7 +7984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -7993,7 +7996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8005,12 +8008,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8018,31 +8021,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8054,7 +8057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8068,7 +8071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8078,38 +8081,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -8120,7 +8123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8130,7 +8133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8140,7 +8143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8150,19 +8153,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8177,7 +8180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8192,7 +8195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8203,7 +8206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8213,7 +8216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8224,13 +8227,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8238,7 +8241,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8248,7 +8251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8257,7 +8260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -8268,7 +8271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8281,14 +8284,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8296,7 +8299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8307,12 +8310,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8323,7 +8326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8332,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8341,7 +8344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8360,7 +8363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8368,7 +8371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8377,46 +8380,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8424,32 +8427,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8458,7 +8461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8476,7 +8479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8485,7 +8488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8498,7 +8501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8508,7 +8511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8516,7 +8519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8526,12 +8529,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8540,7 +8543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8549,7 +8552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8561,12 +8564,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8579,7 +8582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8587,14 +8590,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8602,14 +8605,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8617,7 +8620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8626,14 +8629,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8642,24 +8645,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8672,34 +8675,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8707,7 +8710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8717,7 +8720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8728,7 +8731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -8738,7 +8741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8748,12 +8751,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8765,7 +8768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8775,29 +8778,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8805,28 +8808,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8839,7 +8842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8849,7 +8852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8857,12 +8860,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8870,31 +8873,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8908,7 +8911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8921,7 +8924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8935,14 +8938,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8955,7 +8958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8966,7 +8969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8976,7 +8979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8985,12 +8988,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9000,7 +9003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9009,7 +9012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9022,7 +9025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9034,7 +9037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9046,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9059,7 +9062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9069,7 +9072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9081,7 +9084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9096,7 +9099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9107,7 +9110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9121,7 +9124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9140,7 +9143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9152,7 +9155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -9164,7 +9167,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9176,34 +9179,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9212,7 +9215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9221,7 +9224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9231,7 +9234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9244,22 +9247,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9268,12 +9271,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9281,7 +9284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -9290,7 +9293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -9299,7 +9302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -9310,7 +9313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9326,7 +9329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9339,7 +9342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9353,7 +9356,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9367,7 +9370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9386,7 +9389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9396,7 +9399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9408,7 +9411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9422,7 +9425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9434,7 +9437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9445,7 +9448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9457,7 +9460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9469,7 +9472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9480,7 +9483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9492,7 +9495,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9507,7 +9510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -9519,7 +9522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9531,12 +9534,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9544,30 +9547,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9583,7 +9586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9597,7 +9600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9611,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9625,7 +9628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9639,7 +9642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9651,7 +9654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9659,7 +9662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9677,7 +9680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9688,7 +9691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9696,7 +9699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9707,7 +9710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9716,7 +9719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9727,7 +9730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9737,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9761,7 +9764,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9769,7 +9772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9778,7 +9781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9792,7 +9795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9801,7 +9804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9819,7 +9822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9831,17 +9834,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9857,7 +9860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9869,7 +9872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9881,7 +9884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9889,24 +9892,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9914,19 +9917,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9943,7 +9946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9959,7 +9962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9970,12 +9973,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -9991,7 +9994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10005,7 +10008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10020,7 +10023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10033,7 +10036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10049,7 +10052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10060,7 +10063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10075,12 +10078,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10091,7 +10094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10104,7 +10107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10113,7 +10116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10126,14 +10129,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10147,7 +10150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10156,14 +10159,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10181,7 +10184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10189,7 +10192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10200,7 +10203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10215,7 +10218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10235,42 +10238,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10283,7 +10286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10297,7 +10300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -10308,7 +10311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10321,7 +10324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10334,7 +10337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10347,7 +10350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -10363,7 +10366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -10379,7 +10382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10391,7 +10394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10400,7 +10403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10412,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10426,7 +10429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -10438,7 +10441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10448,7 +10451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10466,7 +10469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10475,12 +10478,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10488,29 +10491,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10520,7 +10523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10529,7 +10532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10539,12 +10542,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10556,7 +10559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10566,7 +10569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10575,12 +10578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10592,7 +10595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10602,7 +10605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10618,12 +10621,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10635,7 +10638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10644,7 +10647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10655,7 +10658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10666,7 +10669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10677,7 +10680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10691,7 +10694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10700,7 +10703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10711,7 +10714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10723,7 +10726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10734,7 +10737,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10743,7 +10746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10754,7 +10757,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10767,7 +10770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10778,7 +10781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10788,12 +10791,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10803,7 +10806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10815,7 +10818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10826,7 +10829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10839,7 +10842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10851,7 +10854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10861,7 +10864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10874,7 +10877,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10883,7 +10886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10893,7 +10896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10909,42 +10912,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10954,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -10963,7 +10966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10974,7 +10977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -10986,7 +10989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -10995,7 +10998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11007,7 +11010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -11019,7 +11022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -11032,7 +11035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11043,7 +11046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11054,7 +11057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11064,7 +11067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -11073,7 +11076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11086,7 +11089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11098,7 +11101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11114,7 +11117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11126,7 +11129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11136,7 +11139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11150,7 +11153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11163,7 +11166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11175,7 +11178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11190,12 +11193,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11203,29 +11206,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11234,7 +11237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11249,7 +11252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11270,7 +11273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11284,7 +11287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11292,7 +11295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11309,7 +11312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -11320,7 +11323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11331,7 +11334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11347,7 +11350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11364,7 +11367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11384,7 +11387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -11399,7 +11402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11412,7 +11415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -11424,7 +11427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11439,7 +11442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11450,7 +11453,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11461,12 +11464,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11474,24 +11477,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11502,7 +11505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11514,7 +11517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11526,7 +11529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11536,7 +11539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11546,12 +11549,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11564,7 +11567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11585,7 +11588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11600,7 +11603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11610,12 +11613,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11628,7 +11631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11640,7 +11643,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11653,7 +11656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11663,7 +11666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11672,7 +11675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11682,7 +11685,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11695,7 +11698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11706,7 +11709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11720,7 +11723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11738,7 +11741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11751,46 +11754,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11800,7 +11803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11808,7 +11811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11824,7 +11827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11833,7 +11836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11844,7 +11847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11858,7 +11861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11881,7 +11884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11898,7 +11901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11912,14 +11915,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11939,7 +11942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11951,7 +11954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11963,7 +11966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11975,7 +11978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11984,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11993,7 +11996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -12002,47 +12005,47 @@ msgid "" "public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12050,16 +12053,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12067,15 +12070,15 @@ msgid "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12086,57 +12089,57 @@ msgid "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12146,30 +12149,30 @@ msgid "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -12177,8 +12180,8 @@ msgid "" ">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12186,23 +12189,23 @@ msgid "" "Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -12210,159 +12213,159 @@ msgid "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12370,15 +12373,15 @@ msgid "" "proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12387,8 +12390,8 @@ msgid "" "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12396,8 +12399,8 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -12405,113 +12408,113 @@ msgid "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12520,36 +12523,36 @@ msgid "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" "NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12558,16 +12561,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12576,8 +12579,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12585,8 +12588,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12634,8 +12637,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/uk/mwcc.po b/po/uk/mwcc.po index bc69af1..51d975c 100644 --- a/po/uk/mwcc.po +++ b/po/uk/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-05-17 19:04+0000\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-12-09 16:55+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-31 17:41+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Марс Ямбар <mjambarmeta@gmail.com>\n" "Language-Team: Ukrainian <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/" @@ -681,8 +681,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> @@ -732,10 +733,10 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" @@ -784,7 +785,8 @@ msgid "" "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> @@ -862,21 +864,21 @@ msgstr "" #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " -"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " -"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:626 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:628 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -884,7 +886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:633 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -895,7 +897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:642 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -906,14 +908,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:653 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -930,23 +932,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:678 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:675 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:685 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:687 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -954,7 +956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -964,7 +966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:701 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -972,12 +974,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:713 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:706 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -988,12 +990,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:718 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:720 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1002,7 +1004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:732 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " @@ -1011,7 +1013,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:727 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1022,7 +1024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:742 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1033,7 +1035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:751 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1044,7 +1046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:760 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1053,12 +1055,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:768 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:770 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1069,7 +1071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:779 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1079,7 +1081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1087,7 +1089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:786 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1095,28 +1097,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:819 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1124,7 +1126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:812 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " @@ -1133,11 +1135,11 @@ msgid "" "erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:828 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1147,30 +1149,31 @@ msgid "" "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " "time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " -"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is " -"the primary means by which resources are managed." +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:848 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:854 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " "<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " @@ -1182,7 +1185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:887 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1190,7 +1193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:870 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1210,7 +1213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:894 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1223,14 +1226,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:910 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:906 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1244,7 +1247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:922 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1253,23 +1256,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:936 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:943 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1277,12 +1280,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1290,12 +1293,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:966 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1303,28 +1306,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:971 msgid "" "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:981 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:996 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:985 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1341,7 +1344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1011 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " @@ -1350,7 +1353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1003 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1363,7 +1366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1378,7 +1381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1386,7 +1389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1033 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1396,14 +1399,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1414,7 +1417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1069 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " "30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" @@ -1422,7 +1425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1058 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1439,7 +1442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1449,14 +1452,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1090 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1468,7 +1471,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1098 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1482,7 +1485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1492,7 +1495,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " "September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" @@ -1500,7 +1503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1118 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1514,22 +1517,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1134 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1142 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1150 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1545,7 +1548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1160 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " "Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" @@ -1553,7 +1556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1563,7 +1566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1172 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " @@ -1574,7 +1577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1182 msgid "" "The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" ">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" @@ -1582,7 +1585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1167 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1595,14 +1598,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1199 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1189 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1622,7 +1625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1221 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1630,7 +1633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1211 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1644,7 +1647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1227 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1659,7 +1662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1667,7 +1670,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1679,7 +1682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1254 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1688,7 +1691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1696,14 +1699,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1277 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1261 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1718,7 +1721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1289 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" @@ -1726,7 +1729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1282 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " @@ -1737,14 +1740,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" "strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1307 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " "coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." @@ -1755,7 +1758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1296 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1770,7 +1773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1784,7 +1787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1339 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " @@ -1794,7 +1797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1809,12 +1812,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1351 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1823,7 +1826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1359 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1833,7 +1836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1847,7 +1850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1861,7 +1864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1403 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " "Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" @@ -1869,7 +1872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1394 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1885,7 +1888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1899,7 +1902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1914,7 +1917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1439 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1930,7 +1933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1454 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1939,12 +1942,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1461 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1957,7 +1960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1475 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1967,7 +1970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1979,7 +1982,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1493 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1989,7 +1992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1501 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1998,7 +2001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2013,7 +2016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1521 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2024,7 +2027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2035,19 +2038,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1541 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1546 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2064,7 +2067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2076,7 +2079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1572 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2084,7 +2087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1577 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2095,7 +2098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2103,7 +2106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1586 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " @@ -2116,7 +2119,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1602 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2125,7 +2128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1609 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2137,7 +2140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2150,7 +2153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1631 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2160,7 +2163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1639 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2175,7 +2178,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2189,7 +2192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1665 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2199,14 +2202,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1673 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2221,7 +2224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1690 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2233,7 +2236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2245,7 +2248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1710 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2253,7 +2256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2266,12 +2269,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1727 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2286,7 +2289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2294,7 +2297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1741 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." @@ -2308,12 +2311,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1766 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1756 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2331,7 +2334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1773 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2346,7 +2349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1786 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2356,7 +2359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2364,26 +2367,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1799 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1806 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1821 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " @@ -2404,26 +2407,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1842 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1847 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1827 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " @@ -2442,12 +2445,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1861 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1853 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2464,12 +2467,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1875 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1871 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " @@ -2478,7 +2481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1879 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2491,12 +2494,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1897 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1890 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2507,7 +2510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1901 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2518,7 +2521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1910 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2535,12 +2538,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1930 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2552,12 +2555,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1941 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1938 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." @@ -2571,19 +2574,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1951 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1955 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2597,7 +2600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1969 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2607,12 +2610,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1986 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1978 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2628,17 +2631,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2005 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1995 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2650,12 +2653,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2010 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2024 msgid "" "James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " "Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " @@ -2663,7 +2666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2681,7 +2684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2035 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2696,7 +2699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2049 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2711,7 +2714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2722,12 +2725,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2074 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2738,12 +2741,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2098 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2085 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2760,7 +2763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2777,12 +2780,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2119 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2122 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2791,12 +2794,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2129 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2810,29 +2813,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2149 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2154 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2162 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2144 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2849,12 +2852,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2175 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2168 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2866,17 +2869,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2181 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2892,12 +2895,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2202 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2212 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -2906,7 +2909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2924,12 +2927,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2233 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2941,7 +2944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2237 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2952,24 +2955,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2251 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2258 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -2981,12 +2984,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2274 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2264 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3004,12 +3007,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2293 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2283 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3023,7 +3026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2297 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3034,7 +3037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2306 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3043,24 +3046,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2313 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2317 msgid "" "Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" "BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2327 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2320 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -3073,17 +3076,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2338 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -3107,12 +3110,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2366 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -3123,12 +3126,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3137,12 +3140,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2390 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3158,22 +3161,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2410 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -3189,12 +3192,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2431 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -3208,17 +3211,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2445 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2448 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3232,13 +3235,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462 msgid "" "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2465 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3249,12 +3252,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2475 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3267,12 +3270,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2490 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3281,7 +3284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2499 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3295,7 +3298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2512 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3305,17 +3308,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2526 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2520 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3325,13 +3328,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2531 msgid "" "Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2534 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3346,12 +3349,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2553 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3364,12 +3367,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2569 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3387,7 +3390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2587 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3398,12 +3401,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2598 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3420,7 +3423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2617 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3431,7 +3434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2625 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3439,7 +3442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2630 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3447,7 +3450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2635 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3460,7 +3463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3475,7 +3478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2660 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3484,19 +3487,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2667 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3507,14 +3510,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2695 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2682 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3530,7 +3533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " @@ -3544,12 +3547,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2722 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3562,22 +3565,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2728 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2742 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3591,17 +3594,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2751 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3618,22 +3621,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2766 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2775 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " @@ -3651,12 +3654,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2794 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " @@ -3669,12 +3672,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2812 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3688,22 +3691,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2817 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2830 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" @@ -3717,7 +3720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2834 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3725,17 +3728,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2855 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2840 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3751,12 +3754,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2860 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3769,7 +3772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3782,12 +3785,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2889 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3797,19 +3800,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2895 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2903 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3822,17 +3825,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3849,17 +3852,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2938 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " @@ -3875,19 +3878,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2948 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2954 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2965 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " @@ -3896,14 +3899,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3919,7 +3922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2989 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" @@ -3927,7 +3930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2979 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3943,7 +3946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3955,28 +3958,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3009 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3018 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." @@ -3992,12 +3995,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3029 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4010,17 +4013,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3062 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3042 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4041,19 +4044,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3073 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3080 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3066 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4069,14 +4072,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3097 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3086 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4090,14 +4093,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3106 #, fuzzy #| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "Зроблено з Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -4112,29 +4115,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3122 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -4143,12 +4146,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3146 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4159,12 +4162,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4172,12 +4175,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3174 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4186,12 +4189,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4199,12 +4202,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3200 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4213,7 +4216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3207 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4221,31 +4224,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3232 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3237 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -4258,7 +4261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3248 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -4273,7 +4276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3262 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -4288,7 +4291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3275 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4297,7 +4300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4311,12 +4314,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3294 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " @@ -4325,12 +4328,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3308 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4342,7 +4345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3318 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4352,24 +4355,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3326 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3329 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3334 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4377,38 +4380,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4192 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3344 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8990 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3352 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4424,7 +4427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3366 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4435,7 +4438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3375 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4446,7 +4449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3384 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4458,7 +4461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3394 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4469,7 +4472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3403 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4480,7 +4483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3411 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4495,7 +4498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4511,7 +4514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3439 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4522,7 +4525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3447 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4532,7 +4535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4546,7 +4549,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3467 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4559,12 +4562,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3487 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4578,7 +4581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3490 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4593,7 +4596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4607,7 +4610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3515 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4619,7 +4622,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4630,12 +4633,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3546 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4652,7 +4655,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4662,7 +4665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3557 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " @@ -4673,7 +4676,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4681,12 +4684,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3574 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4694,45 +4697,45 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3579 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3584 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9228 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3594 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4741,12 +4744,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3600 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4759,7 +4762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4774,7 +4777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3628 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4787,7 +4790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3639 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4798,7 +4801,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3648 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4808,7 +4811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3656 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4818,7 +4821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3664 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4835,7 +4838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3680 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4845,7 +4848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3688 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4858,7 +4861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3699 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4870,7 +4873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " "<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " @@ -4880,7 +4883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4888,7 +4891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3722 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " @@ -4903,7 +4906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3736 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4914,7 +4917,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3744 msgid "" "<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " "<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " @@ -4924,7 +4927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4934,43 +4937,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3761 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3764 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3769 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3775 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3785 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4983,7 +4986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3796 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4995,7 +4998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3806 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5004,7 +5007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3813 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5017,7 +5020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3824 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5031,7 +5034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " @@ -5042,7 +5045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3846 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5054,7 +5057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3856 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -5066,7 +5069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3866 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5076,7 +5079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3874 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -5091,7 +5094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5103,7 +5106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5114,7 +5117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5131,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5140,7 +5143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5151,7 +5154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3936 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -5160,7 +5163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5172,46 +5175,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3953 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3960 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3970 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " @@ -5220,7 +5223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3987 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -5232,7 +5235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5242,7 +5245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5251,7 +5254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5261,7 +5264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4019 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5269,7 +5272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4024 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5284,7 +5287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -5292,7 +5295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043 msgid "" "But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " "Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " @@ -5301,7 +5304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4049 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5317,7 +5320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4062 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5325,7 +5328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4068 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5334,7 +5337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4075 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " "little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." @@ -5345,7 +5348,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4083 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5360,7 +5363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4096 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5370,7 +5373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4104 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5379,7 +5382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4111 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5394,7 +5397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4125 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5407,7 +5410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4136 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5420,7 +5423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5430,7 +5433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5441,7 +5444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4163 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5451,7 +5454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4170 msgid "" "<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," "</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " @@ -5460,12 +5463,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4178 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -5473,12 +5476,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5486,13 +5489,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4195 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4203 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5503,7 +5506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5513,7 +5516,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4220 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5534,7 +5537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5549,7 +5552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5563,7 +5566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4267 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5575,12 +5578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4278 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5597,7 +5600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5611,7 +5614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4305 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5621,7 +5624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4313 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5632,7 +5635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4322 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5644,7 +5647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5655,7 +5658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5665,7 +5668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4349 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5677,7 +5680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4359 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5687,7 +5690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4367 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5695,7 +5698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5705,38 +5708,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" "\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4394 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5747,7 +5750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4411 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5755,7 +5758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4416 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5767,7 +5770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4427 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5775,7 +5778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5793,7 +5796,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4449 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5809,7 +5812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5821,7 +5824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4473 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5833,7 +5836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4483 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5848,7 +5851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4496 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5858,7 +5861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4504 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5868,7 +5871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4512 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5885,7 +5888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4527 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5901,7 +5904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4542 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5917,7 +5920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4557 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5930,7 +5933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5943,7 +5946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5956,7 +5959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5969,7 +5972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5979,17 +5982,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4610 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4617 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5997,29 +6000,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4623 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4628 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4639 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -6032,7 +6035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6040,7 +6043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4655 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6051,7 +6054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6060,7 +6063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6068,7 +6071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4677 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6079,7 +6082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4686 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -6089,7 +6092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4694 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -6098,7 +6101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4700 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6108,7 +6111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4708 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6117,7 +6120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6130,7 +6133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4727 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6142,7 +6145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -6158,7 +6161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4751 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6170,7 +6173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4761 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6182,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4771 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6196,7 +6199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4784 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6208,7 +6211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4794 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6219,21 +6222,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4807 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" "Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4810 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" "inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4802 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -6247,7 +6250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -6260,12 +6263,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -6279,7 +6282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4835 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6289,7 +6292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4843 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -6304,12 +6307,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4858 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4861 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6317,37 +6320,37 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4866 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4871 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4882 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" "NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" @@ -6368,7 +6371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4900 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6381,7 +6384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4911 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6396,7 +6399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6414,14 +6417,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4951 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" "new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4942 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6439,7 +6442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4958 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6454,7 +6457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4971 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6474,7 +6477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4990 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6483,7 +6486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4996 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6500,7 +6503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5012 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6515,12 +6518,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5031 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5026 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6530,12 +6533,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6544,7 +6547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5040 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6553,7 +6556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6567,7 +6570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6579,7 +6582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5068 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6594,7 +6597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5082 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6605,7 +6608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6613,7 +6616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5098 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6621,7 +6624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6634,7 +6637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5115 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6643,7 +6646,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5122 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6655,7 +6658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6665,12 +6668,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5140 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5143 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6678,30 +6681,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5148 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5153 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5156 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6718,7 +6721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6727,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5187 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6736,7 +6739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5193 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6754,7 +6757,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5210 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6765,7 +6768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5219 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6776,7 +6779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5228 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6786,7 +6789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5236 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6799,35 +6802,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5247 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5266 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5272 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6836,7 +6839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6844,12 +6847,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5291 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5288 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6858,7 +6861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6870,14 +6873,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5307 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" "availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5306 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6891,7 +6894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6904,7 +6907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5329 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6920,7 +6923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5344 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6928,7 +6931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5350 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6940,7 +6943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5360 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6948,7 +6951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5365 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6956,7 +6959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5371 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " @@ -6968,13 +6971,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5388 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5381 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6987,7 +6990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6999,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5402 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7009,7 +7012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5410 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7023,14 +7026,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -7043,7 +7046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7056,48 +7059,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5453 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5463 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5466 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5480 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5474 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -7121,7 +7124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7133,7 +7136,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5507 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7144,7 +7147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7154,7 +7157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -7169,33 +7172,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5540 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5546 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5559 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7205,7 +7208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5573 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7215,7 +7218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5581 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -7224,7 +7227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5588 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7235,7 +7238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7253,7 +7256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7266,7 +7269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5625 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7279,7 +7282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5636 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7289,7 +7292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5644 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -7302,7 +7305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5655 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7312,7 +7315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5663 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -7326,7 +7329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7338,7 +7341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5686 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7350,7 +7353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7361,7 +7364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7374,7 +7377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7385,7 +7388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7394,7 +7397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7407,7 +7410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5743 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7419,26 +7422,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5757 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5760 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5763 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7446,12 +7449,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" "seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " @@ -7465,7 +7468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5788 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7478,7 +7481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5799 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7487,7 +7490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5806 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7499,7 +7502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5816 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7516,7 +7519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5832 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7527,7 +7530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5841 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7538,7 +7541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5850 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7549,7 +7552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5859 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7561,7 +7564,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7571,7 +7574,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5876 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7583,7 +7586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7597,7 +7600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5898 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7614,7 +7617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7623,7 +7626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7637,7 +7640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7648,7 +7651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7658,7 +7661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5949 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7668,7 +7671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7676,12 +7679,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5963 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7689,30 +7692,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5971 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5976 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5979 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5987 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7720,7 +7723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7731,7 +7734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6000 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7741,7 +7744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6008 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7751,14 +7754,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6019 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" "collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6016 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7770,7 +7773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6025 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7780,7 +7783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6033 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7791,7 +7794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7800,7 +7803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6049 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7815,7 +7818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7828,7 +7831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7838,7 +7841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6081 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7854,7 +7857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6095 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7869,7 +7872,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6109 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7877,7 +7880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7890,14 +7893,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7906,7 +7909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6130 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7915,7 +7918,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7930,7 +7933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6151 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7940,7 +7943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6158 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7949,7 +7952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7960,7 +7963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6173 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7969,7 +7972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -7981,7 +7984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7990,7 +7993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6197 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8002,7 +8005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6206 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8014,12 +8017,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6217 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8027,31 +8030,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6225 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6230 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6233 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6241 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -8063,7 +8066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -8077,7 +8080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6263 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8087,38 +8090,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6285 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." "cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6290 msgid "" "show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" "\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -8129,7 +8132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6305 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8139,7 +8142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6313 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8149,7 +8152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8159,19 +8162,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6328 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6343 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6332 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -8186,7 +8189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6346 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8201,7 +8204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6360 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -8212,7 +8215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6369 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8222,7 +8225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6377 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8233,13 +8236,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8247,7 +8250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6400 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8257,7 +8260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8266,7 +8269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6418 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -8277,7 +8280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -8290,14 +8293,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" "\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8305,7 +8308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6445 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -8316,12 +8319,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6459 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6454 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -8332,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6462 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8341,7 +8344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8350,7 +8353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6475 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -8369,7 +8372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8377,7 +8380,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8386,46 +8389,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6531 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8433,32 +8436,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6547 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6555 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6563 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8467,7 +8470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6569 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8485,7 +8488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6586 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8494,7 +8497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8507,7 +8510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8517,7 +8520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6611 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8525,7 +8528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8535,12 +8538,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6628 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6624 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8549,7 +8552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6631 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8558,7 +8561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6638 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8570,12 +8573,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6655 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6648 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8588,7 +8591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8596,14 +8599,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8611,14 +8614,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6676 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8626,7 +8629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8635,14 +8638,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6698 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6705 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8651,24 +8654,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6714 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6713 msgid "" "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" "\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6719 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6722 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8681,34 +8684,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6742 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6747 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6752 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8716,7 +8719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6768 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8726,7 +8729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8737,7 +8740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6785 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" "quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " @@ -8747,7 +8750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6793 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8757,12 +8760,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6801 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8774,7 +8777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8784,29 +8787,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6818 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6822 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6832 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8814,28 +8817,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6852 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6865 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8848,7 +8851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6876 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8858,7 +8861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6883 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8866,12 +8869,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6890 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6893 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8879,31 +8882,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" "chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8917,7 +8920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6927 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8930,7 +8933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8944,14 +8947,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6956 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" "OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6950 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8964,7 +8967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6960 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8975,7 +8978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6969 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8985,7 +8988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6977 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8994,12 +8997,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6988 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -9009,7 +9012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6991 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9018,7 +9021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6997 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -9031,7 +9034,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7008 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9043,7 +9046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -9055,7 +9058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -9068,7 +9071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7040 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9078,7 +9081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7048 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9090,7 +9093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7058 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -9105,7 +9108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7071 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9116,7 +9119,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7079 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9130,7 +9133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7092 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9149,7 +9152,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7110 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -9161,7 +9164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " @@ -9173,7 +9176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9185,34 +9188,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7147 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7152 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7168 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9221,7 +9224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7177 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9230,7 +9233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7184 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9240,7 +9243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7192 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9253,22 +9256,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7212 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9277,12 +9280,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7230 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" "amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" @@ -9290,7 +9293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7227 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " @@ -9299,7 +9302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7233 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " @@ -9308,7 +9311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7240 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -9319,7 +9322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7249 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9335,7 +9338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7263 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9348,7 +9351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9362,7 +9365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9376,7 +9379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7298 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9395,7 +9398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7316 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9405,7 +9408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7324 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9417,7 +9420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9431,7 +9434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7346 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9443,7 +9446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9454,7 +9457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9466,7 +9469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7374 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9478,7 +9481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9489,7 +9492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9501,7 +9504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7401 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9516,7 +9519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7414 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " @@ -9528,7 +9531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -9540,12 +9543,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7435 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7438 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9553,30 +9556,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7443 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7449 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7459 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9592,7 +9595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7473 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9606,7 +9609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9620,7 +9623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9634,7 +9637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9648,7 +9651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9660,7 +9663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9668,7 +9671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7535 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9686,7 +9689,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7552 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9697,7 +9700,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7560 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9705,7 +9708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7565 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9716,7 +9719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7574 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9725,7 +9728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7580 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9736,7 +9739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7589 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9746,7 +9749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7597 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9770,7 +9773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9778,7 +9781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7626 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9787,7 +9790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9801,7 +9804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7645 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9810,7 +9813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7652 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9828,7 +9831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7670 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9840,17 +9843,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7684 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7688 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7680 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9866,7 +9869,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7693 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9878,7 +9881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7703 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9890,7 +9893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9898,24 +9901,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9923,19 +9926,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7732 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7735 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7743 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9952,7 +9955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7759 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9968,7 +9971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7773 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9979,12 +9982,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7782 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" @@ -10000,7 +10003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7796 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10014,7 +10017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7809 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10029,7 +10032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -10042,7 +10045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -10058,7 +10061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10069,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7857 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10084,12 +10087,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7871 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10100,7 +10103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10113,7 +10116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7891 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10122,7 +10125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -10135,14 +10138,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7918 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" "kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -10156,7 +10159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " @@ -10165,14 +10168,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" "rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7921 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -10190,7 +10193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10198,7 +10201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10209,7 +10212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7955 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10224,7 +10227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7968 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10244,42 +10247,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7995 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8000 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8003 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8011 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10292,7 +10295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10306,7 +10309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8034 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -10317,7 +10320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -10330,7 +10333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10343,7 +10346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10356,7 +10359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8079 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " @@ -10372,7 +10375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8094 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -10388,7 +10391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8109 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10400,7 +10403,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8119 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10409,7 +10412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8126 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10421,7 +10424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10435,7 +10438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8149 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -10447,7 +10450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8159 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10457,7 +10460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8166 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10475,7 +10478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8183 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" @@ -10484,12 +10487,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8191 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8194 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10497,29 +10500,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8199 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8204 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10529,7 +10532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8221 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10538,7 +10541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10548,12 +10551,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8239 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10565,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8245 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10575,7 +10578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8253 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10584,12 +10587,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8263 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10601,7 +10604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10611,7 +10614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8276 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10627,12 +10630,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8295 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8291 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10644,7 +10647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8299 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10653,7 +10656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8306 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10664,7 +10667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10675,7 +10678,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8322 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10686,7 +10689,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8331 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10700,7 +10703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8344 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10709,7 +10712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8350 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10720,7 +10723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8359 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10732,7 +10735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8368 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10743,7 +10746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8377 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10752,7 +10755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8383 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10763,7 +10766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8392 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10776,7 +10779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10787,7 +10790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8412 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10797,12 +10800,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8423 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8420 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10812,7 +10815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8427 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10824,7 +10827,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10835,7 +10838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8445 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10848,7 +10851,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10860,7 +10863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8466 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10870,7 +10873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8474 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10883,7 +10886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8485 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10892,7 +10895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8492 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10902,7 +10905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8500 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10918,42 +10921,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8528 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8531 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10963,7 +10966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8545 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -10972,7 +10975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8551 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10983,7 +10986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8560 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -10995,7 +10998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11004,7 +11007,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11016,7 +11019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8585 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -11028,7 +11031,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -11041,7 +11044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8607 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11052,7 +11055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8616 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11063,7 +11066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -11073,7 +11076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8632 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " @@ -11082,7 +11085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8638 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11095,7 +11098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8649 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11107,7 +11110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11123,7 +11126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11135,7 +11138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11145,7 +11148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11159,7 +11162,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11172,7 +11175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8714 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11184,7 +11187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8724 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11199,12 +11202,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8738 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." @@ -11212,29 +11215,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8746 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8753 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8761 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -11243,7 +11246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8767 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11258,7 +11261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8780 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -11279,7 +11282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11293,7 +11296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8812 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11301,7 +11304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8818 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11318,7 +11321,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8834 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -11329,7 +11332,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8843 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11340,7 +11343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8852 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11356,7 +11359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11373,7 +11376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11393,7 +11396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8903 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -11408,7 +11411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8916 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11421,7 +11424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8927 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -11433,7 +11436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8937 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11448,7 +11451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8951 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11459,7 +11462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8960 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11470,12 +11473,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8973 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11483,24 +11486,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8978 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8983 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8986 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8994 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -11511,7 +11514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9003 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11523,7 +11526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9013 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11535,7 +11538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9023 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11545,7 +11548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11555,12 +11558,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9045 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9038 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -11573,7 +11576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9048 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11594,7 +11597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11609,7 +11612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9083 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11619,12 +11622,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9099 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9091 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11637,7 +11640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9102 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11649,7 +11652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9113 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11662,7 +11665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11672,7 +11675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9132 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11681,7 +11684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9138 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11691,7 +11694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11704,7 +11707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9157 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11715,7 +11718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11729,7 +11732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11747,7 +11750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11760,46 +11763,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9208 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9232 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9235 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11809,7 +11812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9243 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11817,7 +11820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9248 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11833,7 +11836,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9262 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11842,7 +11845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9269 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11853,7 +11856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11867,7 +11870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9290 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11890,7 +11893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9314 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11907,7 +11910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11921,14 +11924,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" "mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11948,7 +11951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11960,7 +11963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9371 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11972,7 +11975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9382 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11984,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9391 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11993,7 +11996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9397 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12002,7 +12005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " @@ -12011,47 +12014,47 @@ msgid "" "public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9414 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9434 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" @@ -12059,16 +12062,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" "WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9451 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -12076,15 +12079,15 @@ msgid "" "transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9457 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -12095,57 +12098,57 @@ msgid "" "democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9482 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9486 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9491 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9495 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -12155,30 +12158,30 @@ msgid "" "regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9511 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9516 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9520 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " @@ -12186,8 +12189,8 @@ msgid "" ">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9526 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -12195,23 +12198,23 @@ msgid "" "Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -12219,159 +12222,159 @@ msgid "" "ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9548 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9552 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " "and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9570 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9574 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9591 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9595 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9608 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9612 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " "Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" "news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -12379,15 +12382,15 @@ msgid "" "proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -12396,8 +12399,8 @@ msgid "" "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." @@ -12405,8 +12408,8 @@ msgid "" "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9665 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -12414,113 +12417,113 @@ msgid "" "www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9671 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9713 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9717 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9721 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9726 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9734 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -12529,36 +12532,36 @@ msgid "" "opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9742 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" "\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " "url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" "NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9753 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9758 msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12567,16 +12570,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9767 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9772 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12585,8 +12588,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9780 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12594,8 +12597,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9786 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12643,8 +12646,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9837 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "