From: Gunnar Wolf Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2017 15:49:00 +0000 (-0500) Subject: Updated fixup with a paragraph fx, and reflect Pandoc version changes X-Git-Tag: es-printed~740 X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/commitdiff_plain/a5143f95219cae31a509a48d356112ea69c0bca4 Updated fixup with a paragraph fx, and reflect Pandoc version changes Pandoc updated 1.17.2~dfsg-3 → 1.19.2.1.0-1 generates some conversion changes. Not too invasive, fortunately! --- diff --git a/MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md b/MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md index 1eeee6e..2cf3de9 100644 --- a/MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md +++ b/MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md @@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com platform. -“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction -journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of -what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody -reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention -and think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than -most of us have a chance to in our daily lives.” +“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . +The way that I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do +is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably +bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at +far more length about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have +a chance to in our daily lives.” @@ -387,6 +387,9 @@ contribute to and build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons. +![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width="6.5in" +height="3.5417in"} + It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves primarily as a commons. For businesses or governmental organizations who @@ -411,6 +414,9 @@ characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2). +![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width="6.5in" +height="6.5in"} + #### Characteristics Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the @@ -494,6 +500,9 @@ Commons require users to give the original creator credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more personal. +![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width="6.5in" +height="4.2362in"} + #### Norms and rules The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the @@ -575,6 +584,9 @@ commons was the primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.) +![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width="6.5in" +height="3.389in"} + This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, @@ -595,6 +607,9 @@ goods resulted in a rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed. +![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width="6.5in" +height="3.389in"} + However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation. @@ -650,6 +665,9 @@ there is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly available to the public that paid for them. +![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width="6.5in" +height="3.389in"} + ### The Digital Revolution In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from @@ -1070,8 +1088,8 @@ further guidance and insights on how it works. 10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and - Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, - 2015), 201–4. + Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), + 201–4. 11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43. @@ -1092,8 +1110,8 @@ further guidance and insights on how it works. 22, 2016. 18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental - Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, - 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/. + Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), + www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/. 19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf. @@ -1102,8 +1120,8 @@ further guidance and insights on how it works. 21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/. 22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified - September 24, - 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\_Government\_Partnership. + September 24, 2016, + en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\_Government\_Partnership. 23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114. 24. Ibid., 116. 25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm @@ -1112,8 +1130,8 @@ further guidance and insights on how it works. 26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: - City of Bologna, - 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf. + City of Bologna, 2014), + www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf. 27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/. 28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New @@ -1134,18 +1152,18 @@ further guidance and insights on how it works. 33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation. -34. This business model canvas is available to download - at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas. +34. This business model canvas is available to download at + strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas. 35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the - coauthor Paul Stacey, available online - at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit. + coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at + docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit. You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas - Questions - at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit. + Questions at + docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit. 36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business - Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available - at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15. + Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at + medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15. 37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–44. @@ -1704,7 +1722,6 @@ For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or - service. Here are the most common high-level categories. @@ -2339,8 +2356,8 @@ transition them into active participants.75 64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012). 65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the - Internet,” BBC News, March 3, - 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680. + Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016, + www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680. 66. Anderson, Makers, 148. 67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164. 68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization. @@ -2371,12 +2388,18 @@ trademarks. Here are the six licenses: +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under identical terms. This @@ -2384,19 +2407,31 @@ license is often compared to “copyleft” free and open source software licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with credit to you. +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also acknowledge you, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms. +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the same terms. +![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width="4.198in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but @@ -2407,9 +2442,15 @@ public-domain tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired: +![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width="4.1665in" +height="1.4689in"} + CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”). +![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width="4.1665in" +height="1.4689in"} + The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions. @@ -4958,13 +4999,13 @@ resonate: - Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more - effectively pursue their own goals if they open up their own - data too. Big data is a hot topic. + effectively pursue their own goals if they open up their own data + too. Big data is a hot topic. - Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t - innovate very well. One way they can innovate is to open up - their data. ODI encourages them to do so even if it exposes problems - and challenges. The key is to invite other people to help while - still maintaining organizational autonomy. + innovate very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their + data. ODI encourages them to do so even if it exposes problems and + challenges. The key is to invite other people to help while still + maintaining organizational autonomy. - Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a business is just thinking about open data as @@ -5194,8 +5235,8 @@ quote at the time of sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and are typically apportioned as follows: - manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as - set by the maker (excluding any services like delivery or - on-site assembly) + set by the maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site + assembly) - design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost - platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost - channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost diff --git a/fixup.rb b/fixup.rb index 595a8c8..c55798c 100644 --- a/fixup.rb +++ b/fixup.rb @@ -1,38 +1,51 @@ #!/usr/bin/ruby # coding: utf-8 +LogLevel=1 raise ArgumentError, 'Source/destination files not specified' if ARGV.size != 2 srcfile = ARGV[0] dstfile = ARGV[1] data=File.open(srcfile).readlines.map {|l| l.chomp!} -data.map {|lin| lin.gsub!(/<\/span>/, '')} +data.map {|lin| lin.gsub!(/\[\]{#anchor-?\d*}/, '')} + +def log(level,what) + indicators = %w(! • # -) + if level >= LogLevel + print indicators[level] + else + print "\n%s %s\n" % ['*' * (level+1), what] + end +end # There are several titles that are spread in more than one line. Make # them into translatable sentences. +log 0, 'Merging multiline sentences ' [ ['Made', '', 'with', '', 'Creative', '', 'Commons'], ['The New','', 'World of', '', 'Digital', '', 'Commons'], ['How', '', 'to Be', '', 'Made with', '', 'Creative', '', 'Commons'], - ['Use CC to get attribution and name', 'recognition'], - ['Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with', 'your work'], - ['Providing a custom service to consumers of', 'your work * \[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Charging for the physical copy *', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Charging for the in-person version *','\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Charging advertisers or sponsors *', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Charging your content creators *', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Charging a transaction fee *', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], - ['Providing a service to your creators*', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], + ['Providing a custom service to consumers of your work *', '\[MARKET-BASED\]*'], ['Memberships and individual donations', '*\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*'], - ['The pay-what-you-want model', '*\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\]*'], ['The', '', 'Creative', '', 'Commons', '', 'Licenses'], ['PLOS','', '(Public Library of Science)'] ].each do |str| # This should be done more generic, more robust... But before # burning brain cells, verify if it's needed! - if (data.select {|i| i == str[0]}.size != 1) - raise RuntimeError, 'First string appears multiple times: %s (%s)' % - [str.reject{|i| i==''}.join(' '), str[0]] + log 1, str + matches=[] + data.each_with_index do |lin, idx| + if lin == str[0] + matches << idx + end + end + if matches.size == 0 + raise RuntimeError, 'Anchor string («%s» for «%s») not found' % + [str[0], str.reject {|word| word==''}.join(' ')] + elsif matches.size > 1 + raise RuntimeError, 'Anchor string (%s) appears multiple times: %s' % + [str[0], matches.map {|i| i.to_s}.join(', ')] end + log 2, 'Matches %s: %d - %s' % [str.join(' '), matches.size, matches.join(',')] len = str.size at = data.index(str[0]) @@ -62,6 +75,7 @@ end # # Try to keep this ordered as it appears within the book, as it will # help us spot omissions and mistakes! +log 0, 'Mark up headings' [ [2, 'Foreword'], [2, 'Introduction'], [1, 'Part 1'], @@ -143,6 +157,7 @@ end [2, 'Acknowledgments'], ].each do |item| + log 1, item.join(' -> ') at = data.index {|i| i == item[1]} if at.nil? raise RuntimeError, 'Heading string (level %d) not found: «%s»' % item @@ -152,9 +167,12 @@ end -# Join erroneously split paragraphs +# Join erroneously split paragraphs: Write the contents of the line +# _preceding_ the unneeded break, the break will be removed. +log 0, 'Join erroneously split paragraphs' ['content and, in turn, spend money and', 'still other', + 'content functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or', 'to the values symbolized by', 'the kinds of participative communities that drive open', 'At a minimum, a CC-', @@ -179,10 +197,12 @@ end 'Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye-', 'Helen', ].each do |line| + log 1, line at = data.index {|i| i == line} if !at.nil? and data[at+1] == '' data.delete_at(at+1) end end +log 0, 'Writing processed file' File.open(dstfile, 'w') {|f| f.puts data.join("\n")} diff --git a/po/es/mwcc.po b/po/es/mwcc.po index cd156d2..ae8b423 100644 --- a/po/es/mwcc.po +++ b/po/es/mwcc.po @@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 13:19-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:28-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-18 15:02+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Luis Enrique Amaya González " -"\n" -"Language-Team: Spanish " -"\n" +"Last-Translator: Luis Enrique Amaya González \n" +"Language-Team: Spanish \n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -172,8 +172,9 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " @@ -966,7 +967,14 @@ msgstr "" "finanzas pueden ser designadas para promover el procomún." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -985,12 +993,12 @@ msgstr "" "una estrategia para el éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "### Los cuatro aspectos de un recurso" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -1009,7 +1017,7 @@ msgstr "" "aplicar al procomún, el mercado y el Estado para este capítulo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -1024,12 +1032,19 @@ msgstr "" "el uso real del recurso junto con los resultados de ese uso (ver Fig. 2)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"6.5in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "#### Características" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -1043,7 +1058,7 @@ msgstr "" "inherente del recuros." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -1063,7 +1078,7 @@ msgstr "" "requieren que se involucren con el mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -1082,7 +1097,7 @@ msgstr "" "de la escasez, es una característica inherente de los recursos digitales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -1098,7 +1113,7 @@ msgstr "" "recursos digitales en el procomún los hace libres y abundantes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -1118,7 +1133,7 @@ msgstr "" "un recurso digital en uno físico." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -1138,12 +1153,12 @@ msgstr "" "sin disminuciones o mejorada." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "#### Personas y procesos" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -1154,7 +1169,7 @@ msgstr "" "tienen voz, así como la forma en que un recurso se gestiona." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -1171,7 +1186,7 @@ msgstr "" "recursos con base en prioridades y procedimientos del gobierno." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -1189,7 +1204,7 @@ msgstr "" "de una transacción de efectivo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -1220,12 +1235,19 @@ msgstr "" "personal." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "#### Normas y reglas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1237,7 +1259,7 @@ msgstr "" "disputas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1253,7 +1275,7 @@ msgstr "" "reglas que pasa." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1264,7 +1286,7 @@ msgstr "" "leyes financieras definidas por el Estado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -1280,12 +1302,12 @@ msgstr "" "equidad y sostenibilidad.9" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "#### Objetivos" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1299,7 +1321,7 @@ msgstr "" "el procomún." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -1315,7 +1337,7 @@ msgstr "" "objetivos del mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1332,7 +1354,7 @@ msgstr "" "reflejan en mediciones de calidad de vida." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1349,7 +1371,7 @@ msgstr "" "siendo usados de formas innovadoras para beneficio personal y social." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1362,12 +1384,12 @@ msgstr "" "diferentes aspectos de la gestión de recursos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "### Una corta historia del procomún" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1384,7 +1406,7 @@ msgstr "" "noticiosos o discursos acerca del procomún." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1399,7 +1421,7 @@ msgstr "" "historia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1419,7 +1441,14 @@ msgstr "" "relación a el Estado y el mercado.)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -1437,7 +1466,7 @@ msgstr "" "principal por la que los recursos se gestionaban. (Ver Fig. 5)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1462,7 +1491,14 @@ msgstr "" "son gestionados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." @@ -1472,7 +1508,7 @@ msgstr "" "la sobreexplotación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1492,7 +1528,7 @@ msgstr "" "mercados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " @@ -1528,7 +1564,7 @@ msgstr "" "de acción colectiva.14" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1550,7 +1586,7 @@ msgstr "" "precisa La tragedia del mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1572,7 +1608,7 @@ msgstr "" "que sea posible aplicar las normas y reglas usuales del mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1586,12 +1622,19 @@ msgstr "" "estos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "### La revolución digital" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1603,14 +1646,14 @@ msgstr "" "un conjunto de principios y libertades:" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" "La libertad de ejecutar un programa de software de la forma en que desee, " "para cualquier propósito." #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1621,18 +1664,18 @@ msgstr "" "haga la computación cómo usted lo desee." #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "La libertad de redistribuir copias." #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" "La libertad de distribuir a otras personas copias de versiones modificadas.16" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." @@ -1641,7 +1684,7 @@ msgstr "" "tipifican un procomún digital." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1670,7 +1713,7 @@ msgstr "" "protocolos centrales de Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1692,7 +1735,7 @@ msgstr "" "para aquellos Hechos con Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1718,7 +1761,7 @@ msgstr "" "accesarlo y usarlo sin el permiso del creador." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1733,12 +1776,12 @@ msgstr "" "importa. Compartir nos hace sentir más involucrados con el mundo.19" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "### El nacimiento de Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1757,7 +1800,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo creativo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1788,7 +1831,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenidos digitales en el procomún." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1804,7 +1847,7 @@ msgstr "" "recursos educativos, música y otras pistas de audio y vídeos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1822,7 +1865,7 @@ msgstr "" "diversidad.)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1846,7 +1889,7 @@ msgstr "" "el movimiento del software libre y de código abierto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1862,7 +1905,7 @@ msgstr "" "de forma libre." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1886,12 +1929,12 @@ msgstr "" "contribuyentes sean abiertos y libres para el público que pagó por estos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "### El mercado cambiante" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1917,7 +1960,7 @@ msgstr "" "ambiente natural y los rompimientos de la democracia.24" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1932,7 +1975,7 @@ msgstr "" "el mercado, el Estado y la comunidad.25" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1952,7 +1995,7 @@ msgstr "" "movilidad, la cohesión social y la seguridada.27" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1989,7 +2032,7 @@ msgstr "" "activo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -2013,7 +2056,7 @@ msgstr "" "cero.29" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -2039,7 +2082,7 @@ msgstr "" "objetivo común. El propósito es la abundancia sobre la escasez." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -2056,7 +2099,7 @@ msgstr "" "en este nuevo paisaje, ideando sus propios modelos y prácticas económicas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -2070,7 +2113,7 @@ msgstr "" "opera el mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -2094,7 +2137,7 @@ msgstr "" "alternativas de mercado están cambiando las reglas y normas del mercado.32" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -2110,7 +2153,7 @@ msgstr "" "países, este es marco de referencia útil acerca de modelos de negocios.33" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -2133,7 +2176,7 @@ msgstr "" "planear su modelo económico." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -2158,7 +2201,7 @@ msgstr "" "cuidadosamente usando un modelo predefinido." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -2184,12 +2227,12 @@ msgstr "" "reduce el riesgo y brinda múltiples rutas hacia la sostenibilidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "### Beneficios del procomún digital" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -2202,7 +2245,7 @@ msgstr "" "involucrarse con el procomún. El procomún digital ofrece muchos beneficios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -2218,7 +2261,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribución descentralizada amplifica el suministro y la experiencia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -2243,7 +2286,7 @@ msgstr "" "justicia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -2268,7 +2311,7 @@ msgstr "" "que benefician a la sociedad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -2295,7 +2338,7 @@ msgstr "" "y supervisar los recursos y la relación con la comunidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -2319,7 +2362,7 @@ msgstr "" "local como globalmente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -2344,7 +2387,7 @@ msgstr "" "al público y contribuye al valor del procomún en su totalidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -2373,7 +2416,7 @@ msgstr "" "unifica a las personas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -2386,12 +2429,12 @@ msgstr "" "opción favorecida." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "### Nuestros casos de estudio" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -2414,7 +2457,7 @@ msgstr "" "final." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2430,7 +2473,7 @@ msgstr "" "sostenible es la empresa." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2449,7 +2492,7 @@ msgstr "" "físicos. Otros nacen digitales pero pueden convertirse en recursos físicos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2465,7 +2508,7 @@ msgstr "" "monetarios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2478,7 +2521,7 @@ msgstr "" "Construir e interactuar en esta comunidad global conduce al éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2504,7 +2547,7 @@ msgstr "" "procomún." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2522,7 +2565,7 @@ msgstr "" "posible." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2540,19 +2583,19 @@ msgstr "" "ideas de cómo trabaja." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "### Notas" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." @@ -2561,22 +2604,22 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "Ibid., 15." #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "Ibid., 145." #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "Ibid., 175." #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " @@ -2589,7 +2632,7 @@ msgstr "" "York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." @@ -2598,7 +2641,7 @@ msgstr "" "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." @@ -2607,15 +2650,15 @@ msgstr "" "Knowledge Commons, 59." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 -#, no-wrap +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#, fuzzy, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" "10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" " a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" " Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n" -" 2015), 201–4.\n" +" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" +" 201–4.\n" "11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" " Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" " Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" @@ -2636,8 +2679,8 @@ msgid "" " 22, 2016.\n" "18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" " Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n" -" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" +" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" +" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" "19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" " Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" " Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" @@ -2646,8 +2689,8 @@ msgid "" "21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" " Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" "22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24,\n" -" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" +" September 24, 2016,\n" +" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" "23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" "24. Ibid., 116.\n" "25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" @@ -2656,8 +2699,8 @@ msgid "" "26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" +" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" +" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" "28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" @@ -2678,18 +2721,18 @@ msgid "" "33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" " (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" " available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n" -" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" +"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" +" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" +" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" +" Questions at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n" -" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" +" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" +" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" @@ -2779,17 +2822,17 @@ msgstr "" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "## Hecho con Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2820,7 +2863,7 @@ msgstr "" "público no solo accessarlo, sino también hacer uso de este." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2840,7 +2883,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ingresos, definiciones de éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2851,7 +2894,7 @@ msgstr "" "entrevistas e investigaciones." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2869,7 +2912,7 @@ msgstr "" "Creative Commons usando solo una perspectiva de negocio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -2888,7 +2931,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquier cosa que uno quiera que signifique.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2901,7 +2944,7 @@ msgstr "" "estudio), lo descartamos como nuestro rubro guía para el libro." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2921,7 +2964,7 @@ msgstr "" "de seguir leyendo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2944,7 +2987,7 @@ msgstr "" "estar un poco desviado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2959,7 +3002,7 @@ msgstr "" "simbolismo detrás de usar CC, y ese simbolismo tiene muchas capas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2986,7 +3029,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -3010,7 +3053,7 @@ msgstr "" "conexión." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -3026,7 +3069,7 @@ msgstr "" "del éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -3052,7 +3095,7 @@ msgstr "" "significado personal.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -3072,7 +3115,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencia Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -3092,7 +3135,7 @@ msgstr "" "es integral para el éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -3103,7 +3146,7 @@ msgstr "" "suficiente dinero para mantener las luces encendidas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -3125,7 +3168,7 @@ msgstr "" "antepasados por una fracción del precio.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -3149,7 +3192,7 @@ msgstr "" "la persona creadora se le pague o no, porque es un trabajo por amor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -3171,7 +3214,7 @@ msgstr "" "como realizar giras y entrenamiento personalizado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -3201,7 +3244,7 @@ msgstr "" "financieras de los esfuerzos creativos pueden ser mucho más modestas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -3227,7 +3270,7 @@ msgstr "" "mantener la operación funcionando día a día.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -3243,7 +3286,7 @@ msgstr "" "operar." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -3254,12 +3297,12 @@ msgstr "" "ayuda a resolver el «problema cero.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "### Problema Cero: ser descubierto" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -3293,7 +3336,7 @@ msgstr "" "físico no tuvo.»7 Ya no estamos limitados a lo que apela a las masas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -3321,7 +3364,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiene que llamar la atención de las personas correctas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -3351,7 +3394,7 @@ msgstr "" "que copien su trabajo y que lo compartan con otros es contraproducente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -3363,7 +3406,7 @@ msgstr "" "artístico.»12" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -3384,7 +3427,7 @@ msgstr "" "generado una inmensa cantidad de buena voluntad dentro de la comunidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -3400,7 +3443,7 @@ msgstr "" "criminalizados.»13" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -3418,7 +3461,7 @@ msgstr "" "creativo no tiene impacto en la capacidad de nadie más para usarlo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -3448,7 +3491,7 @@ msgstr "" "todas las oportunidades que el compartir desbloqueó para ellos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -3466,7 +3509,7 @@ msgstr "" "licencias CC demuestra que usted entiende la Internet.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -3488,7 +3531,7 @@ msgstr "" "hubieran podido hacer de otra manera." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." @@ -3497,12 +3540,12 @@ msgstr "" "beneficio. Aquí hay unas cuantas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "#### Usar CC para generar una audiencia más grande" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -3524,7 +3567,7 @@ msgstr "" "«©» significa), ¿cuál cree que sea más probable que las personas compartan?" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -3540,7 +3583,7 @@ msgstr "" "alcanzar tantas personas lectoras como sea posible." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -3567,7 +3610,7 @@ msgstr "" "prolifere." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -3585,12 +3628,12 @@ msgstr "" "por lo menos un indicador parcial de calidad o utilidad.18" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "#### Usar CC para obtener atribución y reconocimiento de nombre" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -3623,7 +3666,7 @@ msgstr "" "justicia, como dar crédito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -3650,7 +3693,7 @@ msgstr "" "citando su trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -3677,7 +3720,7 @@ msgstr "" "una parte especial del producto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -3695,14 +3738,14 @@ msgstr "" "confiable de información es más valioso que nunca." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" "#### Utilizar el contenido licenciado con CC como una herramienta " "publicitaria" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -3720,7 +3763,7 @@ msgstr "" "llevar a la gente al otro producto o servicio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -3750,7 +3793,7 @@ msgstr "" "de promoción." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -3781,14 +3824,14 @@ msgstr "" "libros de texto de OpenStax)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" "#### Utilizar CC para que otros se comprometan con tu trabajo y participen " "activamente" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -3801,7 +3844,7 @@ msgstr "" "para la participación pública en el trabajo creativo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -3825,7 +3868,7 @@ msgstr "" "la fotografía, la posibilidad de adaptar una foto es menos importante." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -3851,7 +3894,7 @@ msgstr "" "consumiendo algo creado por otro.25" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -3870,12 +3913,12 @@ msgstr "" "se conecte más profundamente con tu trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "#### Usar CC para diferenciarse" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -3902,12 +3945,12 @@ msgstr "" "reglas impuestas”, dijo David. “Cambia las reglas del juego.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "### Hacer dinero" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -3938,7 +3981,7 @@ msgstr "" "partir de un sentido de reciprocidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -3957,7 +4000,7 @@ msgstr "" "organizar las interacciones y cuándo no.”29" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -3975,12 +4018,12 @@ msgstr "" "alto de abstracción." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "#### Flujos de ganancia basados en el mercado" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -3998,7 +4041,7 @@ msgstr "" "añadido que uno le provee al producto.31" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -4028,7 +4071,7 @@ msgstr "" "contra de la fuerza de la gravedad.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -4046,11 +4089,11 @@ msgstr "" "\" Toda abundancia crea una nueva escasez,\" escribió. Sólo tienes que " "encontrar otra via para que el contenido provea valor a tu audiencia o " "clientela. Como dice Anderson, \"Es sencillo competir con la gratuidad: " -"simplemente ofrcece algo mejor o al menos diferente de la versión gratuita.\"" -"33" +"simplemente ofrcece algo mejor o al menos diferente de la versión gratuita." +"\"33" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -4067,12 +4110,13 @@ msgstr "" "detras de Hecho con Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " "lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content " -"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or" +"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" "Para los creadores y distribuidores de contenido, hay infinitos medios para " "proveer valor a los consumidores de su trabajo, por encima y más allá del " @@ -4081,26 +4125,21 @@ msgstr "" "con costo o" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709 -msgid "service." -msgstr "servicio." - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "Aquí hay algunas de la categorias superiores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730 msgid "" "#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED" "\\]*" msgstr "" -"#### Proveer servicio personalizado a los consumidores de tu trabajo *\\[" -"BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*" +"#### Proveer servicio personalizado a los consumidores de tu trabajo *" +"\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -4113,20 +4152,20 @@ msgstr "" "En esta era de la abundancia de la información, no sufriremos por falta de " "contenido. El truco es encontrar contenido que se ajuste a nuestras " "necesidades y preferencias, por lo que los servicios personalizados son " -"particularmente valiosos. Como escribió Anderson, \"Los bienes de contenido (" -"todos obtienen la misma versión) requieren ser libres. Los contenidos " +"particularmente valiosos. Como escribió Anderson, \"Los bienes de contenido " +"(todos obtienen la misma versión) requieren ser libres. Los contenidos " "personalizados ( obtienes algo único y significativo para ti) requieren un " "costo.\"34 Esto pude ser cualquier cosa desde los servicios de consultoria " "artistica y cultural provista por Ártica hasta el negocio de canciones " "personalizadas de Jonathan \"Una-canción-al-dia\" Mann." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741 msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "#### Cobrando por la copia física *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -4170,12 +4209,12 @@ msgstr "" "otro principio de trabajo tradicional." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "#### Cobrando por la versión en persona *\\[BASADA EN EL MERCADO\\]*" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -4194,12 +4233,12 @@ msgstr "" "capacitación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774 msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "#### Vendiendo mercancia *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -4212,7 +4251,7 @@ msgstr "" "Esto puede ser un flujo de ganancias importante para galerias y museos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -4238,13 +4277,13 @@ msgstr "" "servicios que tambien se pueden proveer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792 msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" "#### Cobrando a los anunciantes o promotores *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO\\]*" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -4270,12 +4309,12 @@ msgstr "" "particular, o de toda la empresa." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -4289,12 +4328,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817 msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -4307,12 +4346,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829 msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -4323,12 +4362,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838 msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -4341,12 +4380,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "#### Flujos de ganancia basados en el mercado" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -4355,7 +4394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -4369,7 +4408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -4379,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -4388,12 +4427,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -4408,12 +4447,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -4426,12 +4465,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -4449,7 +4488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -4460,12 +4499,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -4482,7 +4521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -4492,7 +4531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -4500,7 +4539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -4508,7 +4547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -4521,7 +4560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -4536,7 +4575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -4545,12 +4584,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -4561,7 +4600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -4576,7 +4615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -4590,7 +4629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -4602,12 +4641,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -4620,7 +4659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -4628,7 +4667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 msgid "" "avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " "collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " @@ -4641,12 +4680,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2062 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -4663,7 +4702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2071 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " @@ -4676,7 +4715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -4690,12 +4729,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2083 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " @@ -4707,7 +4746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -4715,7 +4754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -4730,12 +4769,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2111 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -4748,7 +4787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2130 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -4761,7 +4800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -4770,12 +4809,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2138 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2148 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -4796,7 +4835,7 @@ msgstr "" "y son atraídos para los valores que se simbolizan en el uso de CC." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2160 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -4811,7 +4850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -4826,19 +4865,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2189 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -4853,7 +4892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2201 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -4869,7 +4908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4881,12 +4920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2211 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -4900,12 +4939,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2224 msgid "commitment.68" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4917,7 +4956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2250 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -4937,7 +4976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2261 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4951,7 +4990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4964,12 +5003,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2272 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "#### Notas" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -4977,19 +5016,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -4997,33 +5036,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -5096,8 +5135,8 @@ msgid "" "64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" " reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" "65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n" -" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" +" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" +" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" "66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" "67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" "68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" @@ -5113,12 +5152,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## El nacimiento de Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -5145,12 +5184,19 @@ msgstr "" "registradas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -5164,7 +5210,14 @@ msgstr "" "y uso de los materiales licenciados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -5182,7 +5235,14 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo derivado también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -5193,7 +5253,14 @@ msgstr "" "sin modificaciones, y le den crédito como autor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -5207,7 +5274,14 @@ msgstr "" "estos mismos términos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -5219,7 +5293,14 @@ msgstr "" "creaciones bajo los mismos términos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2434 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -5232,7 +5313,7 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -5244,7 +5325,14 @@ msgstr "" "cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." @@ -5253,7 +5341,14 @@ msgstr "" "al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -5263,7 +5358,7 @@ msgstr "" "derecho autoral." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -5285,7 +5380,7 @@ msgstr "" "digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -5311,7 +5406,7 @@ msgstr "" "largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -5337,7 +5432,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuidora descubra su trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -5351,7 +5446,7 @@ msgstr "" "médicos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -5375,12 +5470,12 @@ msgstr "" "entre distintos dominios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "Note" msgstr "Notas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -5392,22 +5487,22 @@ msgstr "" "Your Work” en" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# Part 2" msgstr "# Parte 2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "# Los estudios de caso" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -5427,7 +5522,7 @@ msgstr "" "por nosotros." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -5442,12 +5537,12 @@ msgstr "" "en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "## Arduino" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -5456,12 +5551,12 @@ msgstr "" "hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "www.arduino.cc" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -5472,36 +5567,36 @@ msgstr "" "por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de febrero, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "Entrevistados: David Cuartielles y Tom Igoe, cofundadores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -5529,7 +5624,7 @@ msgstr "" "software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -5547,7 +5642,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer artes visuales)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -5564,7 +5659,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -5583,7 +5678,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -5600,7 +5695,7 @@ msgstr "" "se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -5615,7 +5710,7 @@ msgstr "" "cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -5641,7 +5736,7 @@ msgstr "" "vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -5670,7 +5765,7 @@ msgstr "" "accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -5687,7 +5782,7 @@ msgstr "" "altos para sostener el negocio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -5702,7 +5797,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -5725,7 +5820,7 @@ msgstr "" "asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -5747,7 +5842,7 @@ msgstr "" "incorpora en sus nuevos productos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -5769,7 +5864,7 @@ msgstr "" "tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -5793,7 +5888,7 @@ msgstr "" "problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -5817,7 +5912,7 @@ msgstr "" "no sufre por copias de mala calidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -5836,7 +5931,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ganancias para Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -5854,7 +5949,7 @@ msgstr "" "herramienta crítica para Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -5881,7 +5976,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales y aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -5897,7 +5992,7 @@ msgstr "" "cosas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -5913,7 +6008,7 @@ msgstr "" "alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -5924,38 +6019,38 @@ msgstr "" "precios, y bueno para la manufactura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "Web links" msgstr "Vínculos Web" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "## Ártica" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -5966,41 +6061,41 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "www.articaonline.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: cobrar por servicios personalizados" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 9 de marzo de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "Entravistados: Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, cofundadores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -6013,12 +6108,12 @@ msgstr "" "que ellos construyeron por sí mismos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -6040,7 +6135,7 @@ msgstr "" "crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -6066,7 +6161,7 @@ msgstr "" "intermediarios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -6086,7 +6181,7 @@ msgstr "" "personalizados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -6104,7 +6199,7 @@ msgstr "" "especializados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -6120,7 +6215,7 @@ msgstr "" "individuales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -6135,7 +6230,7 @@ msgstr "" "les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -6165,7 +6260,7 @@ msgstr "" "un acuerdo justo y ético.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -6181,7 +6276,7 @@ msgstr "" "oportunidades para su negocio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -6201,7 +6296,7 @@ msgstr "" "complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -6219,7 +6314,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante como el producto final." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -6234,7 +6329,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante son las relaciones.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -6245,7 +6340,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir sus conocimientos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -6271,7 +6366,7 @@ msgstr "" "cultura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -6288,7 +6383,7 @@ msgstr "" "eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -6303,7 +6398,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacerlo de forma sostenible y colaborativa." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -6318,12 +6413,12 @@ msgstr "" "cómo se ve.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "## Blender Institute" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -6332,12 +6427,12 @@ msgstr "" "utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "www.blender.org" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" @@ -6346,17 +6441,17 @@ msgstr "" "copias físicas, venta de mercancía" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 8 de marzo, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "Entrevistado: Francesco Siddi, coordinador de producción" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -6377,7 +6472,7 @@ msgstr "" "Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -6398,7 +6493,7 @@ msgstr "" "en conjunto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -6411,7 +6506,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -6433,7 +6528,7 @@ msgstr "" "bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -6457,7 +6552,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -6473,7 +6568,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -6494,7 +6589,7 @@ msgstr "" "programa Blender." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -6512,7 +6607,7 @@ msgstr "" "creerlo.'”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -6527,7 +6622,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -6552,7 +6647,7 @@ msgstr "" "limitantes presupuestales.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -6570,7 +6665,7 @@ msgstr "" "comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -6587,7 +6682,7 @@ msgstr "" "entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -6617,7 +6712,7 @@ msgstr "" "otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -6630,7 +6725,7 @@ msgstr "" "nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -6648,7 +6743,7 @@ msgstr "" "productos Blender." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -6661,7 +6756,7 @@ msgstr "" "abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -6680,17 +6775,17 @@ msgstr "" "presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -6700,39 +6795,39 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: Cobrar por copias físicas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 3 de febrero, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Max Temkin, cofundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " "it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." msgstr "" "Si se le pregunta al cofundador Max Temkin, no hay nada particularmente " -"interesante en el modelo de negocios de Cards Against Humanity. Dice Max, ”" -"hacemos un produto. Lo vendemos por dinero. Después, gastamos menos dinero " +"interesante en el modelo de negocios de Cards Against Humanity. Dice Max, " +"”hacemos un produto. Lo vendemos por dinero. Después, gastamos menos dinero " "del que ganamos”." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -6752,7 +6847,7 @@ msgstr "" "lograr un juego hilarante y divertido." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -6767,7 +6862,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -6780,7 +6875,7 @@ msgstr "" "contar las descargas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -6795,7 +6890,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego es todo un nuevo juego por sí solo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -6806,7 +6901,7 @@ msgstr "" "una base de seguidores masiva." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -6831,7 +6926,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtuvieron \\$15,000. El juego salió oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -6842,7 +6937,7 @@ msgstr "" "decidieran hacer de éste un negocio continuado. ”Simplemente ocurrió,” dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -6855,7 +6950,7 @@ msgstr "" "preguntas frecuentes de su sitio Web ”Tus tontas preguntas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -6884,7 +6979,7 @@ msgstr "" "su Venta de Todo Cuesta \\$5 Más." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " @@ -6895,7 +6990,7 @@ msgstr "" "hicimos. La gente aceptó perfectamente el chiste.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -6909,7 +7004,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacemos.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -6926,7 +7021,7 @@ msgstr "" "haciéndolo exitoso. Obtuvieron \\$70,000 en un sólo día." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -6951,7 +7046,7 @@ msgstr "" "veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -6967,7 +7062,7 @@ msgstr "" "del juego creadas por los seguidores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -6981,7 +7076,7 @@ msgstr "" "en la comercialización.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -7006,7 +7101,7 @@ msgstr "" "habido un puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -7026,7 +7121,7 @@ msgstr "" "cantidad de trabajo y de atención a las sutilezas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -7048,7 +7143,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -7063,7 +7158,7 @@ msgstr "" "más chistes y juegos,” dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -7080,7 +7175,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego hacia ellas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -7096,7 +7191,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtener más dinero de los clientes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -7109,12 +7204,12 @@ msgstr "" "quién es usted, y por qué está haciendo las cosas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -7122,24 +7217,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -7150,7 +7245,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -7160,7 +7255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -7181,7 +7276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -7196,7 +7291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -7210,7 +7305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -7222,7 +7317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -7238,7 +7333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -7252,7 +7347,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -7262,7 +7357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -7273,7 +7368,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -7285,7 +7380,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -7296,7 +7391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -7306,7 +7401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -7318,7 +7413,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -7328,7 +7423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -7336,7 +7431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -7346,49 +7441,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -7399,7 +7494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -7407,7 +7502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -7419,7 +7514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -7427,7 +7522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -7445,7 +7540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -7460,7 +7555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -7472,7 +7567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -7484,7 +7579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -7498,7 +7593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -7508,7 +7603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -7518,7 +7613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -7534,7 +7629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -7550,7 +7645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -7566,7 +7661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -7578,7 +7673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -7591,7 +7686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -7604,7 +7699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -7617,7 +7712,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -7627,17 +7722,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -7645,27 +7740,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -7678,7 +7773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -7686,7 +7781,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -7697,7 +7792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -7706,7 +7801,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -7714,7 +7809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -7725,7 +7820,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -7735,7 +7830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -7744,7 +7839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -7754,7 +7849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -7763,7 +7858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -7776,7 +7871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -7788,7 +7883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -7804,7 +7899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -7816,7 +7911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -7828,7 +7923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -7842,7 +7937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -7854,7 +7949,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -7865,7 +7960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -7878,7 +7973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -7891,7 +7986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -7904,7 +7999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -7914,7 +8009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -7929,60 +8024,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "" "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" "\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "" "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" "year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -8002,7 +8097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -8015,7 +8110,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -8030,7 +8125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -8048,7 +8143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -8065,7 +8160,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -8080,7 +8175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -8100,7 +8195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -8109,7 +8204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -8126,7 +8221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -8141,7 +8236,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -8151,7 +8246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " @@ -8159,7 +8254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -8168,7 +8263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -8182,7 +8277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -8194,7 +8289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -8209,7 +8304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -8220,7 +8315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -8228,7 +8323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -8236,7 +8331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -8249,7 +8344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -8258,7 +8353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -8269,7 +8364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -8279,35 +8374,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "" "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "" "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" "government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -8315,27 +8410,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -8352,7 +8447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -8361,7 +8456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -8370,7 +8465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -8388,7 +8483,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -8399,7 +8494,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -8410,7 +8505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -8420,7 +8515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -8433,35 +8528,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -8470,7 +8565,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -8478,7 +8573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -8486,7 +8581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -8498,7 +8593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -8511,7 +8606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -8524,7 +8619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -8540,7 +8635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -8548,7 +8643,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -8560,7 +8655,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -8568,7 +8663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -8576,7 +8671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " @@ -8588,7 +8683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -8600,7 +8695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -8612,7 +8707,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -8622,7 +8717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -8636,14 +8731,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -8656,7 +8751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -8669,64 +8764,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -8749,7 +8844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -8761,7 +8856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -8772,7 +8867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -8782,7 +8877,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -8797,33 +8892,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -8833,7 +8928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -8843,7 +8938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -8852,7 +8947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -8863,7 +8958,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -8881,7 +8976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -8894,7 +8989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -8907,7 +9002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -8917,7 +9012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -8930,7 +9025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -8940,7 +9035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -8954,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -8966,7 +9061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -8978,7 +9073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -8989,7 +9084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -9002,7 +9097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -9013,7 +9108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -9022,7 +9117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -9035,7 +9130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -9047,34 +9142,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -9082,12 +9177,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -9100,7 +9195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -9113,7 +9208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -9122,7 +9217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -9134,7 +9229,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -9151,7 +9246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -9162,7 +9257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -9173,7 +9268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -9183,7 +9278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -9195,7 +9290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -9205,7 +9300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -9217,7 +9312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -9230,7 +9325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -9246,7 +9341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -9255,7 +9350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -9269,7 +9364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -9280,7 +9375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -9290,7 +9385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -9300,7 +9395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -9308,12 +9403,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -9321,27 +9416,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -9349,7 +9444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -9360,7 +9455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -9370,7 +9465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -9380,7 +9475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -9392,7 +9487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -9402,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -9413,7 +9508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -9422,7 +9517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -9437,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -9449,7 +9544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -9459,7 +9554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -9475,7 +9570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -9490,7 +9585,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -9498,7 +9593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -9511,7 +9606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -9519,7 +9614,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -9528,7 +9623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -9543,7 +9638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -9553,7 +9648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -9561,7 +9656,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -9572,7 +9667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -9581,7 +9676,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -9593,7 +9688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -9602,7 +9697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -9614,7 +9709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -9626,29 +9721,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "" "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" "visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "## Open Data Institute" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -9656,29 +9751,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -9690,7 +9785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -9704,7 +9799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -9714,29 +9809,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -9747,7 +9842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -9757,7 +9852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -9767,7 +9862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -9777,14 +9872,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -9799,7 +9894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -9814,7 +9909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -9825,7 +9920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -9835,7 +9930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -9846,13 +9941,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -9860,7 +9955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -9870,7 +9965,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -9879,7 +9974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -9890,7 +9985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -9903,7 +9998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -9911,7 +10006,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -9922,7 +10017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -9932,7 +10027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -9941,7 +10036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -9950,7 +10045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -9969,7 +10064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -9977,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -9986,68 +10081,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "" "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" "business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "" "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -10055,28 +10150,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -10085,7 +10180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -10103,7 +10198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -10112,7 +10207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -10125,7 +10220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -10135,7 +10230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -10143,7 +10238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -10153,7 +10248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -10162,7 +10257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -10171,7 +10266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -10183,7 +10278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -10195,7 +10290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -10203,14 +10298,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -10218,14 +10313,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -10233,7 +10328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -10242,14 +10337,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -10258,17 +10353,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -10281,34 +10376,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -10316,7 +10411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -10326,7 +10421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -10337,7 +10432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -10347,7 +10442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -10357,7 +10452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -10369,7 +10464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -10379,29 +10474,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -10409,28 +10504,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -10442,7 +10537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -10452,7 +10547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -10460,32 +10555,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -10493,29 +10588,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -10529,7 +10624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -10542,7 +10637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -10556,7 +10651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -10568,7 +10663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -10579,7 +10674,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -10589,7 +10684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -10598,7 +10693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -10607,7 +10702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -10616,7 +10711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -10629,7 +10724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -10641,7 +10736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -10653,7 +10748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -10666,7 +10761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -10676,7 +10771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -10688,7 +10783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -10703,7 +10798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -10714,7 +10809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -10728,7 +10823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -10747,7 +10842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -10759,7 +10854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -10770,7 +10865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -10782,34 +10877,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -10818,7 +10913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -10827,7 +10922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -10837,7 +10932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -10850,33 +10945,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "" "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -10884,12 +10979,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -10897,7 +10992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -10906,7 +11001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -10917,7 +11012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -10932,7 +11027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -10944,7 +11039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -10957,7 +11052,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -10970,7 +11065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -10989,7 +11084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -10999,7 +11094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -11010,7 +11105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -11023,7 +11118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -11035,7 +11130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -11046,7 +11141,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -11058,7 +11153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -11070,7 +11165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -11080,7 +11175,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -11092,7 +11187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -11107,7 +11202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -11118,7 +11213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -11130,7 +11225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 msgid "" "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" "uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" @@ -11138,12 +11233,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -11151,29 +11246,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -11189,7 +11284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -11203,7 +11298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5822 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -11217,7 +11312,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -11231,7 +11326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -11245,7 +11340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -11257,7 +11352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -11265,7 +11360,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -11283,7 +11378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -11294,7 +11389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5882 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -11302,7 +11397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -11313,7 +11408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5895 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -11322,7 +11417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -11333,7 +11428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5910 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -11343,7 +11438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -11367,7 +11462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5935 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -11375,7 +11470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5940 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -11384,7 +11479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5950 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -11398,7 +11493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5955 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -11407,7 +11502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -11426,7 +11521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5978 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -11438,7 +11533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5990 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -11453,7 +11548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5999 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -11465,7 +11560,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -11477,7 +11572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -11485,22 +11580,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "## Rijksmuseum" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -11509,12 +11604,12 @@ msgstr "" "historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 msgid "" "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" msgstr "" @@ -11522,17 +11617,17 @@ msgstr "" "entrada" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "(admisión al museo), venta de mercancías" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6033 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" @@ -11541,7 +11636,7 @@ msgstr "" "sobre Colecciones" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -11571,7 +11666,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo para el museo, más abierto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -11599,7 +11694,7 @@ msgstr "" "un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6069 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -11617,7 +11712,7 @@ msgstr "" "toda la colección en línea?" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6081 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -11643,7 +11738,7 @@ msgstr "" "debería seguir el ejemplo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6092 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -11668,7 +11763,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolar." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6104 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -11696,7 +11791,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -11718,7 +11813,7 @@ msgstr "" "objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -11746,7 +11841,7 @@ msgstr "" "que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6134 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -11763,7 +11858,7 @@ msgstr "" "una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -11789,7 +11884,7 @@ msgstr "" "proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6153 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -11806,7 +11901,7 @@ msgstr "" "pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -11828,7 +11923,7 @@ msgstr "" "quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6167 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -11842,7 +11937,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolares." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6177 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -11864,7 +11959,7 @@ msgstr "" "público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6187 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -11886,7 +11981,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"El cisne amenazado\".3" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -11916,7 +12011,7 @@ msgstr "" "internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -11928,7 +12023,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6211 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -11945,7 +12040,7 @@ msgstr "" "mil visitas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -11971,7 +12066,7 @@ msgstr "" "pintura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -12007,22 +12102,22 @@ msgstr "" "generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\"" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" "en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" @@ -12033,47 +12128,47 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award-2015" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" "creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6274 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -12086,7 +12181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -12099,7 +12194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -12110,7 +12205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6300 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -12123,7 +12218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -12136,7 +12231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6319 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -12149,7 +12244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6331 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -12165,7 +12260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -12180,7 +12275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -12192,7 +12287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -12201,7 +12296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -12213,7 +12308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6374 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -12227,7 +12322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -12239,7 +12334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -12249,7 +12344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -12267,7 +12362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" @@ -12276,12 +12371,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -12289,27 +12384,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -12319,7 +12414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -12328,7 +12423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -12338,7 +12433,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -12349,7 +12444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -12359,7 +12454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -12368,7 +12463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -12379,7 +12474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -12389,7 +12484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -12405,7 +12500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -12416,7 +12511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -12425,7 +12520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -12436,7 +12531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -12446,7 +12541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -12457,7 +12552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -12471,7 +12566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -12480,7 +12575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -12491,7 +12586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -12502,7 +12597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -12513,7 +12608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -12522,7 +12617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6577 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -12533,7 +12628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -12546,7 +12641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -12557,7 +12652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6601 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -12567,7 +12662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -12577,7 +12672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -12589,7 +12684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6622 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -12600,7 +12695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -12613,7 +12708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -12625,7 +12720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -12635,7 +12730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -12648,7 +12743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -12657,7 +12752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -12667,7 +12762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -12683,32 +12778,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "## Sparkfun" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -12717,29 +12812,29 @@ msgstr "" "hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "www.sparkfun.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" "Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes " "electrónicos)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 29 de febrero de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -12754,7 +12849,7 @@ msgstr "" "hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -12767,7 +12862,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el mundo.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -12785,7 +12880,7 @@ msgstr "" "por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6729 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -12803,7 +12898,7 @@ msgstr "" "como propiedad intelectual." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " @@ -12814,7 +12909,7 @@ msgstr "" "laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -12833,7 +12928,7 @@ msgstr "" "nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6749 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -12852,7 +12947,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -12873,7 +12968,7 @@ msgstr "" "graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -12891,7 +12986,7 @@ msgstr "" "para los productos que crean." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -12908,7 +13003,7 @@ msgstr "" "para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -12924,7 +13019,7 @@ msgstr "" "tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -12935,7 +13030,7 @@ msgstr "" "trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6792 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -12956,7 +13051,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -12976,7 +13071,7 @@ msgstr "" "competencia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -13002,7 +13097,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo hace más significativo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6820 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -13021,7 +13116,7 @@ msgstr "" "porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6826 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -13036,7 +13131,7 @@ msgstr "" "que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -13058,7 +13153,7 @@ msgstr "" "identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -13078,7 +13173,7 @@ msgstr "" "dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6852 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -13097,7 +13192,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseños,» dijo Nathan." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -13123,39 +13218,39 @@ msgstr "" "propusieron ser." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -13164,7 +13259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -13179,7 +13274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -13200,7 +13295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6924 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -13214,7 +13309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6928 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -13222,7 +13317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -13238,7 +13333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -13249,7 +13344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6955 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -13260,7 +13355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6968 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -13276,7 +13371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6982 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -13293,7 +13388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -13313,7 +13408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7010 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -13328,7 +13423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -13341,7 +13436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -13353,7 +13448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -13368,7 +13463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -13379,7 +13474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -13390,12 +13485,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -13403,22 +13498,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -13429,7 +13524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -13441,7 +13536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -13453,7 +13548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -13463,7 +13558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -13473,7 +13568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7113 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -13485,7 +13580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -13506,7 +13601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -13521,7 +13616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -13531,7 +13626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7158 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -13544,7 +13639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -13556,7 +13651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -13569,7 +13664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -13579,7 +13674,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -13588,7 +13683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7195 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -13598,7 +13693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -13611,7 +13706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7212 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -13622,7 +13717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7223 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -13636,7 +13731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7238 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -13654,7 +13749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -13667,56 +13762,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -13726,7 +13821,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -13734,7 +13829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -13750,7 +13845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -13759,7 +13854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7304 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -13770,7 +13865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7314 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -13784,7 +13879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7334 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -13807,7 +13902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7347 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -13823,7 +13918,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -13837,7 +13932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -13856,7 +13951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -13868,7 +13963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -13880,7 +13975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -13892,7 +13987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -13901,7 +13996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -13910,7 +14005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -13919,17 +14014,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -13937,33 +14032,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." @@ -13971,7 +14066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" @@ -13979,7 +14074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -13988,14 +14083,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -14006,54 +14101,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7473 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7485 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -14064,7 +14159,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -14072,21 +14167,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" @@ -14094,7 +14189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -14103,21 +14198,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" @@ -14125,21 +14220,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -14147,124 +14242,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -14272,7 +14367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." @@ -14280,7 +14375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -14288,14 +14383,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -14305,7 +14400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" @@ -14313,7 +14408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -14322,7 +14417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -14330,7 +14425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -14338,74 +14433,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7647 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -14413,21 +14508,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -14437,7 +14532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" @@ -14445,26 +14540,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." "mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7683 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -14474,7 +14569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7687 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -14482,7 +14577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -14492,7 +14587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7698 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -14501,7 +14596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7745 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -14550,7 +14645,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8098 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -14885,6 +14980,9 @@ msgid "" "ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" +#~ msgid "service." +#~ msgstr "servicio." + #, fuzzy #~ msgid "" #~ "resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax " diff --git a/po/mwcc.pot b/po/mwcc.pot index df05753..140ac4a 100644 --- a/po/mwcc.pot +++ b/po/mwcc.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 13:19-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:47-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " @@ -680,7 +680,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -692,12 +699,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -709,7 +716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -719,12 +726,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"6.5in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " @@ -733,7 +747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -745,7 +759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -757,7 +771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -768,7 +782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -780,7 +794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -792,12 +806,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -805,7 +819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -816,7 +830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -827,7 +841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -844,12 +858,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -857,7 +878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -867,7 +888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -875,7 +896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -885,12 +906,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -899,7 +920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -909,7 +930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -920,7 +941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -931,7 +952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -940,12 +961,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -956,7 +977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " @@ -966,7 +987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -978,7 +999,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -989,7 +1017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " @@ -1004,14 +1032,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1023,7 +1058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1043,7 +1078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " @@ -1056,7 +1091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1069,7 +1104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1078,12 +1113,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1091,12 +1133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1104,24 +1146,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1137,7 +1179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1150,7 +1192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1165,7 +1207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1175,12 +1217,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1191,7 +1233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " @@ -1208,7 +1250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1218,7 +1260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1229,7 +1271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1243,7 +1285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1253,7 +1295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1267,12 +1309,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1287,7 +1329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1297,7 +1339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1309,7 +1351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1329,7 +1371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1342,7 +1384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1357,7 +1399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1368,7 +1410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1377,7 +1419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1392,7 +1434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1402,7 +1444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1415,7 +1457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1430,7 +1472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1445,12 +1487,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1459,7 +1501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1469,7 +1511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " @@ -1483,7 +1525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1497,7 +1539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1512,7 +1554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1526,7 +1568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1541,7 +1583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1558,7 +1600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1567,12 +1609,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1585,7 +1627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1595,7 +1637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1607,7 +1649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1617,7 +1659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1626,7 +1668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1641,7 +1683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1652,7 +1694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1663,39 +1705,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, " @@ -1704,29 +1746,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" "10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" " a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" " Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n" -" 2015), 201–4.\n" +" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" +" 201–4.\n" "11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" " Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" " Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" @@ -1747,8 +1789,8 @@ msgid "" " 22, 2016.\n" "18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" " Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n" -" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" +" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" +" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" "19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" " Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" " Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" @@ -1757,8 +1799,8 @@ msgid "" "21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" " Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" "22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24,\n" -" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" +" September 24, 2016,\n" +" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" "23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" "24. Ibid., 116.\n" "25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" @@ -1767,8 +1809,8 @@ msgid "" "26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), " +" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" +" " "www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" @@ -1790,20 +1832,20 @@ msgid "" "33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" " (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" " available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n" -" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" +"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" +" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n" -" at " +" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" +" " "docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions\n" -" at " +" Questions at\n" +" " "docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n" -" at " +" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" +" " "medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" @@ -1811,17 +1853,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1839,7 +1881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1851,7 +1893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1859,7 +1901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -1871,7 +1913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1883,7 +1925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1892,7 +1934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1904,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1917,7 +1959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -1927,7 +1969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -1942,7 +1984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -1956,7 +1998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -1966,7 +2008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -1981,7 +2023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -1993,7 +2035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2005,7 +2047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2013,7 +2055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2026,7 +2068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2040,7 +2082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2053,7 +2095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2070,7 +2112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2085,7 +2127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2095,7 +2137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2103,12 +2145,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2127,7 +2169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2143,7 +2185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2160,7 +2202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2168,7 +2210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2181,7 +2223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2191,7 +2233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2202,7 +2244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2219,7 +2261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2230,7 +2272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2243,19 +2285,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2268,7 +2310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " @@ -2278,7 +2320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2293,7 +2335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " @@ -2305,12 +2347,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " @@ -2328,7 +2370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2343,7 +2385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2358,7 +2400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " "credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " @@ -2369,12 +2411,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2385,7 +2427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2401,7 +2443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2418,12 +2460,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2432,7 +2474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2446,7 +2488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2461,7 +2503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " @@ -2473,12 +2515,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2493,12 +2535,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2515,7 +2557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2526,7 +2568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2537,12 +2579,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2553,7 +2595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2570,7 +2612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2583,7 +2625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2594,33 +2636,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " "lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content " -"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or" +"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709 -msgid "service." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730 msgid "" "#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * " "\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2633,12 +2670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741 msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2662,12 +2699,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2678,12 +2715,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774 msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2692,7 +2729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2707,12 +2744,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792 msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2727,12 +2764,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -2746,12 +2783,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817 msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -2764,12 +2801,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829 msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2780,12 +2817,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838 msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2798,12 +2835,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2812,7 +2849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2826,7 +2863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2836,7 +2873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2845,12 +2882,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2865,12 +2902,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -2883,12 +2920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -2906,7 +2943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " @@ -2917,12 +2954,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -2939,7 +2976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -2949,7 +2986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -2957,7 +2994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -2965,7 +3002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -2978,7 +3015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -2993,7 +3030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3002,12 +3039,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3018,7 +3055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3033,7 +3070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3047,7 +3084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3059,12 +3096,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3077,7 +3114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " @@ -3085,7 +3122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 msgid "" "avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " "collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " @@ -3099,12 +3136,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2062 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3121,7 +3158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2071 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " "self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " @@ -3134,7 +3171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3148,12 +3185,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2083 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " "fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even " @@ -3166,7 +3203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3174,7 +3211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " "kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " @@ -3189,12 +3226,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2111 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3207,7 +3244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2130 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3220,7 +3257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3229,12 +3266,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2138 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2148 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3247,7 +3284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2160 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3262,7 +3299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -3278,19 +3315,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2189 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3305,7 +3342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2201 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3321,7 +3358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3333,12 +3370,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2211 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3352,12 +3389,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2224 msgid "commitment.68" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3369,7 +3406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2250 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3389,7 +3426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2261 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3403,7 +3440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -3416,12 +3453,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2272 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3429,19 +3466,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3449,33 +3486,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3548,8 +3585,8 @@ msgid "" "64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" " reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" "65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n" -" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" +" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" +" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" "66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" "67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" "68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" @@ -3565,12 +3602,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3585,12 +3622,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3600,7 +3644,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3611,7 +3662,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3619,7 +3677,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3628,7 +3693,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3636,7 +3708,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2434 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3645,7 +3724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3653,21 +3732,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " @@ -3680,7 +3773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -3695,7 +3788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3710,7 +3803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3719,7 +3812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3733,12 +3826,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3746,22 +3839,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# Part 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3773,7 +3866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3783,24 +3876,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3808,22 +3901,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3839,7 +3932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3850,7 +3943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3861,7 +3954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " "school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " @@ -3873,7 +3966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3884,7 +3977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -3894,7 +3987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -3909,7 +4002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -3925,7 +4018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -3936,7 +4029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -3946,7 +4039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -3960,7 +4053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -3973,7 +4066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -3986,7 +4079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4001,7 +4094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4015,7 +4108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4027,7 +4120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4038,7 +4131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4054,7 +4147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4064,7 +4157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4074,7 +4167,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4082,27 +4175,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4110,32 +4203,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4144,12 +4237,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development " @@ -4162,7 +4255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4177,7 +4270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4189,7 +4282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4200,7 +4293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4210,7 +4303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4220,7 +4313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4237,7 +4330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4247,7 +4340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " "belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " @@ -4260,7 +4353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4271,7 +4364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4281,7 +4374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4289,7 +4382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4304,7 +4397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4315,7 +4408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4325,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4335,41 +4428,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4382,7 +4475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4394,7 +4487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4403,7 +4496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4416,7 +4509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4430,7 +4523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4440,7 +4533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4452,7 +4545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -4463,7 +4556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4473,7 +4566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4488,7 +4581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4499,7 +4592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4509,7 +4602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4526,7 +4619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4535,7 +4628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4546,7 +4639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4555,7 +4648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4567,44 +4660,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4612,7 +4705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " @@ -4624,7 +4717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4634,7 +4727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4643,7 +4736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4653,7 +4746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4661,7 +4754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4676,7 +4769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " "time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " @@ -4684,7 +4777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4693,7 +4786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4709,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with " @@ -4717,7 +4810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4726,7 +4819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4737,7 +4830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4752,7 +4845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4762,7 +4855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4771,7 +4864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4786,7 +4879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4798,7 +4891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4811,7 +4904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4821,7 +4914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4832,7 +4925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4842,7 +4935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4851,12 +4944,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " @@ -4864,24 +4957,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -4893,7 +4986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -4903,7 +4996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -4925,7 +5018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -4940,7 +5033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -4954,7 +5047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " @@ -4967,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -4983,7 +5076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -4997,7 +5090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5007,7 +5100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5018,7 +5111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5030,7 +5123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5041,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5051,7 +5144,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5063,7 +5156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5073,7 +5166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5081,7 +5174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5091,46 +5184,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5141,7 +5234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5149,7 +5242,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5162,7 +5255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5170,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5188,7 +5281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5203,7 +5296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5215,7 +5308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5227,7 +5320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5241,7 +5334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5251,7 +5344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5261,7 +5354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5277,7 +5370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5293,7 +5386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5309,7 +5402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " @@ -5322,7 +5415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5335,7 +5428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5348,7 +5441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5361,7 +5454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5371,17 +5464,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5389,27 +5482,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5422,7 +5515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5430,7 +5523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5441,7 +5534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5450,7 +5543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5458,7 +5551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5469,7 +5562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " "open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " @@ -5479,7 +5572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " @@ -5488,7 +5581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5498,7 +5591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5507,7 +5600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5520,7 +5613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5532,7 +5625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " "journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " @@ -5548,7 +5641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5560,7 +5653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5572,7 +5665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5586,7 +5679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5598,7 +5691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5609,7 +5702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " @@ -5622,7 +5715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5635,7 +5728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -5648,7 +5741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5658,7 +5751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5674,27 +5767,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -5702,29 +5795,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -5744,7 +5837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5757,7 +5850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5772,7 +5865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5790,7 +5883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5807,7 +5900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5822,7 +5915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -5842,7 +5935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5851,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5868,7 +5961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5883,7 +5976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -5893,7 +5986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those " @@ -5901,7 +5994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -5910,7 +6003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -5924,7 +6017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -5936,7 +6029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -5952,7 +6045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -5963,7 +6056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -5971,7 +6064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -5979,7 +6072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -5992,7 +6085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6001,7 +6094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6012,7 +6105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6022,32 +6115,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6055,27 +6148,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6092,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6101,7 +6194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6110,7 +6203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6128,7 +6221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6139,7 +6232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6150,7 +6243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6160,7 +6253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6173,35 +6266,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6210,7 +6303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6218,7 +6311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6226,7 +6319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6238,7 +6331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6251,7 +6344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6264,7 +6357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6281,7 +6374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6289,7 +6382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6301,7 +6394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6309,7 +6402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6317,7 +6410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 " @@ -6329,7 +6422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6341,7 +6434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6353,7 +6446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6363,7 +6456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6377,14 +6470,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " "grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " @@ -6397,7 +6490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6410,64 +6503,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " "education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " @@ -6490,7 +6583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6502,7 +6595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6513,7 +6606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6523,7 +6616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6539,33 +6632,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6575,7 +6668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6585,7 +6678,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6595,7 +6688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6606,7 +6699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6624,7 +6717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6637,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6650,7 +6743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6660,7 +6753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6673,7 +6766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6683,7 +6776,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -6698,7 +6791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6710,7 +6803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6722,7 +6815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6733,7 +6826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6746,7 +6839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6757,7 +6850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6766,7 +6859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " @@ -6780,7 +6873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6792,34 +6885,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6827,12 +6920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6845,7 +6938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6858,7 +6951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6867,7 +6960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6879,7 +6972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -6896,7 +6989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -6907,7 +7000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -6918,7 +7011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -6928,7 +7021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -6940,7 +7033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -6950,7 +7043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -6962,7 +7055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " "skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " @@ -6975,7 +7068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -6991,7 +7084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7000,7 +7093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7014,7 +7107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " "grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " @@ -7025,7 +7118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7035,7 +7128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7045,7 +7138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7053,12 +7146,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7066,27 +7159,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7094,7 +7187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7105,7 +7198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7115,7 +7208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7125,7 +7218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7137,7 +7230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7147,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " @@ -7158,7 +7251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7167,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7182,7 +7275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7194,7 +7287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7204,7 +7297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7220,7 +7313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7235,7 +7328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " "one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7243,7 +7336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7256,7 +7349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7264,7 +7357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7273,7 +7366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7288,7 +7381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7298,7 +7391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7306,7 +7399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7317,7 +7410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7326,7 +7419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7338,7 +7431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7347,7 +7440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7359,7 +7452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7371,27 +7464,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7399,29 +7492,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " "London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -7433,7 +7526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " "society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " @@ -7447,7 +7540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7457,29 +7550,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7490,7 +7583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7500,7 +7593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7510,7 +7603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7520,14 +7613,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -7542,7 +7635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7557,7 +7650,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " "demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " @@ -7568,7 +7661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7578,7 +7671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7589,12 +7682,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999 msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7602,7 +7695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7612,7 +7705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7621,7 +7714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " "Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " @@ -7632,7 +7725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -7646,7 +7739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7654,7 +7747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7665,7 +7758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7675,7 +7768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7684,7 +7777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7693,7 +7786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7712,7 +7805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7720,7 +7813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7729,64 +7822,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7794,27 +7887,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7823,7 +7916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -7841,7 +7934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7850,7 +7943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -7863,7 +7956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7873,7 +7966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -7881,7 +7974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -7891,7 +7984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -7900,7 +7993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -7909,7 +8002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -7922,7 +8015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -7934,7 +8027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -7942,14 +8035,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -7957,14 +8050,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -7972,7 +8065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " @@ -7981,14 +8074,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -7997,17 +8090,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8020,34 +8113,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8055,7 +8148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8065,7 +8158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8076,7 +8169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8086,7 +8179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8096,7 +8189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8108,7 +8201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8118,29 +8211,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8148,28 +8241,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8181,7 +8274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8191,7 +8284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8200,32 +8293,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " @@ -8233,29 +8326,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8269,7 +8362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8282,7 +8375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8296,7 +8389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8308,7 +8401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8319,7 +8412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8329,7 +8422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8338,7 +8431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8347,7 +8440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8356,7 +8449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " @@ -8369,7 +8462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8381,7 +8474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8393,7 +8486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " "efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " @@ -8407,7 +8500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8417,7 +8510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8429,7 +8522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8444,7 +8537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8455,7 +8548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8469,7 +8562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8488,7 +8581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " @@ -8500,7 +8593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8512,7 +8605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8524,34 +8617,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8560,7 +8653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8569,7 +8662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8579,7 +8672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8592,32 +8685,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8625,12 +8718,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8638,7 +8731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8647,7 +8740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8658,7 +8751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8673,7 +8766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8685,7 +8778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8698,7 +8791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8711,7 +8804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8730,7 +8823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8740,7 +8833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8751,7 +8844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8765,7 +8858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8777,7 +8870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8788,7 +8881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8800,7 +8893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8812,7 +8905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8822,7 +8915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -8834,7 +8927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8849,7 +8942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8860,7 +8953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -8872,17 +8965,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " @@ -8890,29 +8983,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -8928,7 +9021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -8942,7 +9035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5822 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -8956,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -8970,7 +9063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -8984,7 +9077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -8996,7 +9089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9005,7 +9098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9023,7 +9116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " "BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " @@ -9034,7 +9127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5882 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9042,7 +9135,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9053,7 +9146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5895 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9062,7 +9155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9073,7 +9166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5910 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9083,7 +9176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9107,7 +9200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5935 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9115,7 +9208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5940 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9124,7 +9217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5950 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9138,7 +9231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5955 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9147,7 +9240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9166,7 +9259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5978 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9178,7 +9271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5990 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9193,7 +9286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5999 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9205,7 +9298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9217,7 +9310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9225,56 +9318,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6033 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9291,7 +9384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9307,7 +9400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6069 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9318,7 +9411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6081 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9334,7 +9427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6092 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9348,7 +9441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6104 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9363,7 +9456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " @@ -9377,7 +9470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " "poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " @@ -9393,7 +9486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6134 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9404,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9419,7 +9512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6153 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9430,7 +9523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9443,7 +9536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6167 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9452,7 +9545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6177 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " @@ -9465,7 +9558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6187 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -9479,7 +9572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9496,7 +9589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9504,7 +9597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6211 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9515,7 +9608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9530,7 +9623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9550,22 +9643,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: " "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: " @@ -9573,44 +9666,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6274 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9623,7 +9716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9636,7 +9729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9647,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6300 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9660,7 +9753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9673,7 +9766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6319 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9686,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6331 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9702,7 +9795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9718,7 +9811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9730,7 +9823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9739,7 +9832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9751,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6374 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9765,7 +9858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -9777,7 +9870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9787,7 +9880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9805,7 +9898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " @@ -9814,12 +9907,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9827,27 +9920,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9857,7 +9950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9866,7 +9959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9876,7 +9969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -9887,7 +9980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -9897,7 +9990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -9906,7 +9999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -9917,7 +10010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -9927,7 +10020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -9943,7 +10036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -9954,7 +10047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -9963,7 +10056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -9974,7 +10067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -9984,7 +10077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -9995,7 +10088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10009,7 +10102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10018,7 +10111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10029,7 +10122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10040,7 +10133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10051,7 +10144,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10060,7 +10153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6577 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10071,7 +10164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " "up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10084,7 +10177,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10095,7 +10188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6601 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10105,7 +10198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10115,7 +10208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10127,7 +10220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6622 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10138,7 +10231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10151,7 +10244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10163,7 +10256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10173,7 +10266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10186,7 +10279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " @@ -10195,7 +10288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10205,7 +10298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10221,59 +10314,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " "hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10283,7 +10376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " "said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were " @@ -10292,7 +10385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10303,7 +10396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6729 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10314,7 +10407,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your " @@ -10322,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10334,7 +10427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6749 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -10346,7 +10439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10359,7 +10452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10370,7 +10463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10381,7 +10474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " @@ -10392,7 +10485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10400,7 +10493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6792 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10413,7 +10506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10425,7 +10518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10440,7 +10533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6820 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10452,7 +10545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6826 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10462,7 +10555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -10475,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -10487,7 +10580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6852 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10498,7 +10591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10513,12 +10606,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " @@ -10526,27 +10619,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10555,7 +10648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10570,7 +10663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10591,7 +10684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6924 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10605,7 +10698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6928 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10613,7 +10706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10629,7 +10722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10640,7 +10733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6955 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10651,7 +10744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6968 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10667,7 +10760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6982 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10684,7 +10777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -10704,7 +10797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7010 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -10719,7 +10812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10732,7 +10825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10744,7 +10837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya " @@ -10759,7 +10852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10770,7 +10863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " "education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " @@ -10781,12 +10874,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10794,22 +10887,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10820,7 +10913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -10832,7 +10925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10844,7 +10937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10854,7 +10947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10864,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7113 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -10876,7 +10969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -10897,7 +10990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -10912,7 +11005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -10922,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7158 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -10935,7 +11028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -10947,7 +11040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -10960,7 +11053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -10970,7 +11063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -10979,7 +11072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7195 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " "work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " @@ -10989,7 +11082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11002,7 +11095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7212 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11014,7 +11107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7223 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11028,7 +11121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7238 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11046,7 +11139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11059,56 +11152,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " @@ -11118,7 +11211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " @@ -11126,7 +11219,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11142,7 +11235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11151,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7304 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11162,7 +11255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7314 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11176,7 +11269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7334 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11199,7 +11292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7347 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11215,7 +11308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11229,7 +11322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11248,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11260,7 +11353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11272,7 +11365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11284,7 +11377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11293,7 +11386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11302,7 +11395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11311,17 +11404,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11329,33 +11422,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. " @@ -11364,7 +11457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " "Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. " @@ -11373,7 +11466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11382,14 +11475,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " "Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " @@ -11400,54 +11493,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7473 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7485 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -11457,7 +11550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11465,21 +11558,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. " @@ -11487,7 +11580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11496,21 +11589,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " "Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -11518,21 +11611,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " "Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11540,124 +11633,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " "Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -11665,7 +11758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -11673,7 +11766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11681,14 +11774,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -11698,7 +11791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. " @@ -11707,7 +11800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -11716,7 +11809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11724,7 +11817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11732,73 +11825,73 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " "Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7647 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11806,21 +11899,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11830,7 +11923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. " @@ -11838,26 +11931,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. " "web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " "Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7683 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11867,7 +11960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7687 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11875,7 +11968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11885,7 +11978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7698 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " @@ -11894,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7745 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -11943,7 +12036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8098 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/nb/mwcc.po b/po/nb/mwcc.po index 2402a93..3f0e4c0 100644 --- a/po/nb/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nb/mwcc.po @@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 12:59-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:28-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-01 06:21+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen \n" -"Language-Team: Norwegian BokmÃ¥l " -"\n" +"Language-Team: Norwegian BokmÃ¥l \n" "Language: nb\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " @@ -684,7 +684,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -696,12 +703,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -713,7 +720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -723,12 +730,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"6.5in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -737,7 +751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -749,7 +763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -761,7 +775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -771,7 +785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -783,7 +797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -795,12 +809,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -808,7 +822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -819,7 +833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -830,7 +844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -847,12 +861,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -864,7 +885,7 @@ msgstr "" "disputter." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -874,7 +895,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -882,7 +903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -892,12 +913,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -906,7 +927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -916,7 +937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -927,7 +948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -938,7 +959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -947,12 +968,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -963,7 +984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -973,7 +994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -985,7 +1006,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -996,7 +1024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1011,14 +1039,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1030,7 +1065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " @@ -1050,7 +1085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1063,7 +1098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1076,7 +1111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1085,12 +1120,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1098,12 +1140,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1111,24 +1153,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1144,7 +1186,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1157,7 +1199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1172,7 +1214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1182,12 +1224,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1198,7 +1240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1215,7 +1257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1225,7 +1267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1236,7 +1278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1250,7 +1292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1260,7 +1302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1274,12 +1316,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1294,7 +1336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1304,7 +1346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1316,7 +1358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1336,7 +1378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1349,7 +1391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1364,7 +1406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1375,7 +1417,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1384,7 +1426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1398,7 +1440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1408,7 +1450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1421,7 +1463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1435,7 +1477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1450,12 +1492,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1464,7 +1506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1474,7 +1516,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1488,7 +1530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1502,7 +1544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1517,7 +1559,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1531,7 +1573,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1546,7 +1588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1563,7 +1605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1572,12 +1614,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1590,7 +1632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1600,7 +1642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1612,7 +1654,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1622,7 +1664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1631,7 +1673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1646,7 +1688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1657,7 +1699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1668,40 +1710,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " @@ -1710,29 +1752,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" "10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" " a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" " Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n" -" 2015), 201–4.\n" +" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" +" 201–4.\n" "11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" " Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" " Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" @@ -1753,8 +1795,8 @@ msgid "" " 22, 2016.\n" "18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" " Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n" -" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" +" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" +" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" "19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" " Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" " Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" @@ -1763,8 +1805,8 @@ msgid "" "21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" " Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" "22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24,\n" -" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" +" September 24, 2016,\n" +" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" "23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" "24. Ibid., 116.\n" "25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" @@ -1773,8 +1815,8 @@ msgid "" "26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" +" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" +" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" "28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" @@ -1795,35 +1837,35 @@ msgid "" "33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" " (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" " available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n" -" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" +"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" +" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" +" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions\n" -" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" +" Questions at\n" +" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n" -" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" +" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" +" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1840,7 +1882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1852,7 +1894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1860,7 +1902,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -1871,7 +1913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1883,7 +1925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1892,7 +1934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1904,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1917,7 +1959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -1927,7 +1969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -1942,7 +1984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -1956,7 +1998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -1966,7 +2008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -1981,7 +2023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -1993,7 +2035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2005,7 +2047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2013,7 +2055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2026,7 +2068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2040,7 +2082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2053,7 +2095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2070,7 +2112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2085,7 +2127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2095,7 +2137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2103,12 +2145,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2127,7 +2169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2143,7 +2185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2160,7 +2202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2168,7 +2210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2181,7 +2223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2191,7 +2233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2202,7 +2244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2219,7 +2261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2230,7 +2272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2243,19 +2285,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2268,7 +2310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2278,7 +2320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2293,7 +2335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2304,12 +2346,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2327,7 +2369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2342,7 +2384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2357,7 +2399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2368,12 +2410,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2384,7 +2426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2400,7 +2442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2417,12 +2459,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2431,7 +2473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2445,7 +2487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2460,7 +2502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2472,12 +2514,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2492,12 +2534,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2514,7 +2556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2525,7 +2567,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2536,12 +2578,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2552,7 +2594,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2569,7 +2611,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2582,7 +2624,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2593,33 +2635,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " "lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content " -"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or" +"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709 -msgid "service." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730 msgid "" "#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED" "\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2631,12 +2668,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741 msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2660,12 +2697,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2676,12 +2713,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774 msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2690,7 +2727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2705,12 +2742,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792 msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2725,12 +2762,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -2744,12 +2781,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817 msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -2762,12 +2799,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829 msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2778,12 +2815,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838 msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2796,12 +2833,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2810,7 +2847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2824,7 +2861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2834,7 +2871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2843,12 +2880,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2863,12 +2900,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -2881,12 +2918,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -2904,7 +2941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -2915,12 +2952,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -2937,7 +2974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -2947,7 +2984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -2955,7 +2992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -2963,7 +3000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -2976,7 +3013,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -2991,7 +3028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3000,12 +3037,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3016,7 +3053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3031,7 +3068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3045,7 +3082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3057,12 +3094,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3075,7 +3112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3083,7 +3120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 msgid "" "avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " "collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " @@ -3096,12 +3133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2062 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3118,7 +3155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2071 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " @@ -3131,7 +3168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3145,12 +3182,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2083 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " @@ -3162,7 +3199,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3170,7 +3207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3185,12 +3222,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2111 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3203,7 +3240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2130 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3216,7 +3253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3225,12 +3262,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2138 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2148 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3243,7 +3280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2160 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3258,7 +3295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -3273,19 +3310,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2189 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3300,7 +3337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2201 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3316,7 +3353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3328,12 +3365,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2211 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3347,12 +3384,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2224 msgid "commitment.68" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3364,7 +3401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2250 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3384,7 +3421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2261 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3398,7 +3435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -3411,12 +3448,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2272 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3424,19 +3461,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3444,33 +3481,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3543,8 +3580,8 @@ msgid "" "64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" " reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" "65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n" -" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" +" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" +" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" "66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" "67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" "68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" @@ -3560,12 +3597,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3580,12 +3617,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3594,7 +3638,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3605,7 +3656,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3613,7 +3671,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3622,7 +3687,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3630,7 +3702,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2434 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3639,7 +3718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3647,21 +3726,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -3674,7 +3767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -3689,7 +3782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3704,7 +3797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3713,7 +3806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3727,12 +3820,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3740,22 +3833,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# Part 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3767,7 +3860,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3777,24 +3870,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3802,36 +3895,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3847,7 +3940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3858,7 +3951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3869,7 +3962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -3880,7 +3973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3891,7 +3984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -3901,7 +3994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -3916,7 +4009,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -3932,7 +4025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -3943,7 +4036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -3953,7 +4046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -3967,7 +4060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -3980,7 +4073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -3993,7 +4086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4007,7 +4100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4021,7 +4114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4033,7 +4126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4044,7 +4137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4060,7 +4153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4070,7 +4163,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4080,7 +4173,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4088,38 +4181,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4127,41 +4220,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4170,12 +4263,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4188,7 +4281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4203,7 +4296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4215,7 +4308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4226,7 +4319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4241,7 +4334,7 @@ msgstr "" "mindre prosjekter pÃ¥ oppdrag fra enkeltartister." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4251,7 +4344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4268,7 +4361,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4278,7 +4371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4290,7 +4383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4301,7 +4394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4311,7 +4404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4319,7 +4412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4334,7 +4427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4345,7 +4438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4355,7 +4448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4365,41 +4458,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4412,7 +4505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4424,7 +4517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4433,7 +4526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4446,7 +4539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4460,7 +4553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4470,7 +4563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4482,7 +4575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -4493,7 +4586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4503,7 +4596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4517,7 +4610,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4528,7 +4621,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4538,7 +4631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4555,7 +4648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4564,7 +4657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4575,7 +4668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4584,7 +4677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4596,44 +4689,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4641,7 +4734,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -4653,7 +4746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4663,7 +4756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4672,7 +4765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4682,7 +4775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4690,7 +4783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4705,7 +4798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -4713,7 +4806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4722,7 +4815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4738,7 +4831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " @@ -4746,7 +4839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4755,7 +4848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4766,7 +4859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4781,7 +4874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4791,7 +4884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4800,7 +4893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4815,7 +4908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4827,7 +4920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4840,7 +4933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4850,7 +4943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4861,7 +4954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4871,7 +4964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4880,12 +4973,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -4893,24 +4986,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -4921,7 +5014,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -4931,7 +5024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -4952,7 +5045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -4967,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -4981,7 +5074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -4993,7 +5086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5009,7 +5102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5023,7 +5116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5033,7 +5126,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5044,7 +5137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5056,7 +5149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5067,7 +5160,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5077,7 +5170,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5089,7 +5182,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5099,7 +5192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5107,7 +5200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5117,49 +5210,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5170,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5178,7 +5271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5190,7 +5283,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5198,7 +5291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5216,7 +5309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5231,7 +5324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5243,7 +5336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5255,7 +5348,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5269,7 +5362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5279,7 +5372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5289,7 +5382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5305,7 +5398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5321,7 +5414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5337,7 +5430,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5349,7 +5442,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5362,7 +5455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5375,7 +5468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5388,7 +5481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5398,17 +5491,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5416,27 +5509,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5449,7 +5542,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5457,7 +5550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5468,7 +5561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5477,7 +5570,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5485,7 +5578,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5496,7 +5589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -5506,7 +5599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -5515,7 +5608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5525,7 +5618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5534,7 +5627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5547,7 +5640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5559,7 +5652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -5575,7 +5668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5587,7 +5680,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5599,7 +5692,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5613,7 +5706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5625,7 +5718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5636,7 +5729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -5649,7 +5742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5662,7 +5755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -5675,7 +5768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5685,7 +5778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5700,60 +5793,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "" "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" "\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "" "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" "year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -5773,7 +5866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5786,7 +5879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5801,7 +5894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5819,7 +5912,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5836,7 +5929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5851,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -5871,7 +5964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5880,7 +5973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5897,7 +5990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5912,7 +6005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -5922,7 +6015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " @@ -5930,7 +6023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -5939,7 +6032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -5953,7 +6046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -5965,7 +6058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -5980,7 +6073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -5991,7 +6084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -5999,7 +6092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6007,7 +6100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6020,7 +6113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6029,7 +6122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6040,7 +6133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6050,35 +6143,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "" "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "" "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" "government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6086,27 +6179,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6123,7 +6216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6132,7 +6225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6141,7 +6234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6159,7 +6252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6170,7 +6263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6181,7 +6274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6191,7 +6284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6204,7 +6297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -6213,14 +6306,14 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -6229,14 +6322,14 @@ msgstr "" "som samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotektsleverandører i dag)." #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6245,7 +6338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6253,7 +6346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6261,7 +6354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6273,7 +6366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6286,7 +6379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6299,7 +6392,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6315,7 +6408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6323,7 +6416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6335,7 +6428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6343,7 +6436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6351,7 +6444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " @@ -6363,7 +6456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6375,7 +6468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6387,7 +6480,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6397,7 +6490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6411,14 +6504,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -6431,7 +6524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6444,64 +6537,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -6524,7 +6617,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6536,7 +6629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6547,7 +6640,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6557,7 +6650,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6572,33 +6665,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6608,7 +6701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6618,7 +6711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6627,7 +6720,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6638,7 +6731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6656,7 +6749,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6669,7 +6762,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6682,7 +6775,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6692,7 +6785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6705,7 +6798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6715,7 +6808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -6729,7 +6822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6741,7 +6834,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6753,7 +6846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6764,7 +6857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6777,7 +6870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6788,7 +6881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6797,7 +6890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -6810,7 +6903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6822,34 +6915,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6857,12 +6950,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6875,7 +6968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6888,7 +6981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6897,7 +6990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6909,7 +7002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -6926,7 +7019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -6937,7 +7030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -6948,7 +7041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -6958,7 +7051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -6970,7 +7063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -6980,7 +7073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -6992,7 +7085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7005,7 +7098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7021,7 +7114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7030,7 +7123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7044,7 +7137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7055,7 +7148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7065,7 +7158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7075,7 +7168,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7083,12 +7176,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7096,27 +7189,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7124,7 +7217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7135,7 +7228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7145,7 +7238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7155,7 +7248,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7167,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7177,7 +7270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7188,7 +7281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7197,7 +7290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7212,7 +7305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7224,7 +7317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7234,7 +7327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7250,7 +7343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7265,7 +7358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7273,7 +7366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7286,7 +7379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7294,7 +7387,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7303,7 +7396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7318,7 +7411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7328,7 +7421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7336,7 +7429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7347,7 +7440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7356,7 +7449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7368,7 +7461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7377,7 +7470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7389,7 +7482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7401,29 +7494,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "" "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" "visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7431,29 +7524,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -7465,7 +7558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -7479,7 +7572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7489,29 +7582,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7522,7 +7615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7532,7 +7625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7542,7 +7635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7552,14 +7645,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -7574,7 +7667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7589,7 +7682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -7600,7 +7693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7610,7 +7703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7621,13 +7714,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7635,7 +7728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7645,7 +7738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7654,7 +7747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -7665,7 +7758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -7678,7 +7771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7686,7 +7779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7697,7 +7790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7707,7 +7800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7716,7 +7809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7725,7 +7818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7744,7 +7837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7752,7 +7845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7761,68 +7854,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "" "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" "business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "" "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7830,28 +7923,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7860,7 +7953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -7878,7 +7971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7887,7 +7980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -7900,7 +7993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7910,7 +8003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -7918,7 +8011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -7928,7 +8021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -7937,7 +8030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -7946,7 +8039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -7958,7 +8051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -7970,7 +8063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -7978,14 +8071,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -7993,14 +8086,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8008,7 +8101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8017,14 +8110,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8033,17 +8126,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8056,34 +8149,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8091,7 +8184,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8101,7 +8194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8112,7 +8205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8122,7 +8215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8132,7 +8225,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8144,7 +8237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8154,29 +8247,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8184,28 +8277,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8217,7 +8310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8227,7 +8320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8235,32 +8328,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8268,29 +8361,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8304,7 +8397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8317,7 +8410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8331,7 +8424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8343,7 +8436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8354,7 +8447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8364,7 +8457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8373,7 +8466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8382,7 +8475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8391,7 +8484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -8404,7 +8497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8416,7 +8509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8428,7 +8521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -8441,7 +8534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8451,7 +8544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8463,7 +8556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8478,7 +8571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8489,7 +8582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8503,7 +8596,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8522,7 +8615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -8534,7 +8627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8545,7 +8638,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8557,34 +8650,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8593,7 +8686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8602,7 +8695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8612,7 +8705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8625,33 +8718,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "" "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8659,12 +8752,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8672,7 +8765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8681,7 +8774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8692,7 +8785,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8707,7 +8800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8719,7 +8812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8732,7 +8825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8745,7 +8838,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8764,7 +8857,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8774,7 +8867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8785,7 +8878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8798,7 +8891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8810,7 +8903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8821,7 +8914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8833,7 +8926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8845,7 +8938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8855,7 +8948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -8867,7 +8960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8882,7 +8975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8893,7 +8986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -8905,7 +8998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 msgid "" "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" "uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" @@ -8913,12 +9006,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -8926,29 +9019,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -8964,7 +9057,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -8978,7 +9071,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5822 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -8992,7 +9085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9006,7 +9099,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9020,7 +9113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9032,7 +9125,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9040,7 +9133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9058,7 +9151,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9069,7 +9162,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5882 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9077,7 +9170,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9088,7 +9181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5895 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9097,7 +9190,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9108,7 +9201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5910 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9118,7 +9211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9142,7 +9235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5935 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9150,7 +9243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5940 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9159,7 +9252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5950 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9173,7 +9266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5955 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9182,7 +9275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9201,7 +9294,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5978 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9213,7 +9306,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5990 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9228,7 +9321,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5999 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9240,7 +9333,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9252,7 +9345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9260,57 +9353,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 msgid "" "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6033 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9327,7 +9420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9343,7 +9436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6069 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9354,7 +9447,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6081 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9370,7 +9463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6092 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9384,7 +9477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6104 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9399,7 +9492,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -9412,7 +9505,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -9428,7 +9521,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6134 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9439,7 +9532,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9454,7 +9547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6153 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9465,7 +9558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9478,7 +9571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6167 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9487,7 +9580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6177 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -9500,7 +9593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6187 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -9513,7 +9606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9530,7 +9623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9538,7 +9631,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6211 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9549,7 +9642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9564,7 +9657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9584,22 +9677,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" "en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" @@ -9607,47 +9700,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" "creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6274 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9660,7 +9753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9673,7 +9766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9684,7 +9777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6300 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9697,7 +9790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9710,7 +9803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6319 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9723,7 +9816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6331 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9739,7 +9832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9754,7 +9847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9766,7 +9859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9775,7 +9868,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9787,7 +9880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6374 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9801,7 +9894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -9813,7 +9906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9823,7 +9916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9841,7 +9934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" @@ -9850,12 +9943,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9863,27 +9956,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9893,7 +9986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9902,7 +9995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9912,7 +10005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -9923,7 +10016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -9933,7 +10026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -9942,7 +10035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -9953,7 +10046,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -9963,7 +10056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -9979,7 +10072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -9990,7 +10083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -9999,7 +10092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10010,7 +10103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10020,7 +10113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10031,7 +10124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10045,7 +10138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10054,7 +10147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10065,7 +10158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10076,7 +10169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10087,7 +10180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10096,7 +10189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6577 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10107,7 +10200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10120,7 +10213,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10131,7 +10224,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6601 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10141,7 +10234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10151,7 +10244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10163,7 +10256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6622 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10174,7 +10267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10187,7 +10280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10199,7 +10292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10209,7 +10302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10222,7 +10315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10231,7 +10324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10241,7 +10334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10257,59 +10350,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10319,7 +10412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -10328,7 +10421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10339,7 +10432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6729 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10350,7 +10443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " @@ -10358,7 +10451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10370,7 +10463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6749 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -10382,7 +10475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10395,7 +10488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10406,7 +10499,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10417,7 +10510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -10427,7 +10520,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10435,7 +10528,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6792 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10448,7 +10541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10460,7 +10553,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10475,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6820 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10487,7 +10580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6826 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10497,7 +10590,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -10510,7 +10603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -10522,7 +10615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6852 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10533,7 +10626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10548,39 +10641,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10589,7 +10682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10604,7 +10697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10625,7 +10718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6924 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10639,7 +10732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6928 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10647,7 +10740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10663,7 +10756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10674,7 +10767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6955 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10685,7 +10778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6968 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10701,7 +10794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6982 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10718,7 +10811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -10738,7 +10831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7010 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -10753,7 +10846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10766,7 +10859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10778,7 +10871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -10793,7 +10886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10804,7 +10897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -10815,12 +10908,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10828,22 +10921,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10854,7 +10947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -10866,7 +10959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10878,7 +10971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10888,7 +10981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10898,7 +10991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7113 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -10910,7 +11003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -10931,7 +11024,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -10946,7 +11039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -10956,7 +11049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7158 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -10969,7 +11062,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -10981,7 +11074,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -10994,7 +11087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11004,7 +11097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11013,7 +11106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7195 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11023,7 +11116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11036,7 +11129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7212 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11047,7 +11140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7223 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11061,7 +11154,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7238 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11079,7 +11172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11092,56 +11185,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11151,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11159,7 +11252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11175,7 +11268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11184,7 +11277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7304 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11195,7 +11288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7314 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11209,7 +11302,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7334 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11232,7 +11325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7347 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11248,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11262,7 +11355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11281,7 +11374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11293,7 +11386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11305,7 +11398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11317,7 +11410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11326,7 +11419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11335,7 +11428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11344,17 +11437,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11362,33 +11455,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." @@ -11396,7 +11489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" @@ -11404,7 +11497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11413,14 +11506,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -11431,54 +11524,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7473 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7485 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -11489,7 +11582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11497,21 +11590,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" @@ -11519,7 +11612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11528,21 +11621,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" @@ -11550,21 +11643,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11572,124 +11665,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -11697,7 +11790,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." @@ -11705,7 +11798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11713,14 +11806,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -11730,7 +11823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" @@ -11738,7 +11831,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -11747,7 +11840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11755,7 +11848,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11763,74 +11856,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7647 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11838,21 +11931,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11862,7 +11955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" @@ -11870,26 +11963,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." "mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7683 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11899,7 +11992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7687 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11907,7 +12000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11917,7 +12010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7698 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -11926,7 +12019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7745 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -11975,7 +12068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8098 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " diff --git a/po/nl/mwcc.po b/po/nl/mwcc.po index 159c814..906e919 100644 --- a/po/nl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 12:59-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:28-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-10 13:29+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Heimen Stoffels \n" "Language-Team: Dutch