X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/b9b5aff118241b5dba9c584a4639e023091061b5..9c9dcaf5a7643ff3d66e6a2c425cc56c1643a12a:/po/es/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/es/mwcc.po b/po/es/mwcc.po index c1e9f27..c2d9f6a 100644 --- a/po/es/mwcc.po +++ b/po/es/mwcc.po @@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:28-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-31 16:06+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Gunnar Wolf \n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-09-23 07:09+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Luis Enrique Amaya González " +"\n" "Language-Team: Spanish " "\n" "Language: es\n" @@ -2800,9 +2801,7 @@ msgstr "" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" " City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-" -"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-" -"urban-commons1.pdf.\n" +" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, ir a www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" "28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" @@ -2821,26 +2820,20 @@ msgstr "" " Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n" " Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n" "33. Alex Osterwalder y Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" -" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Una vista previa del libro " -"está\n" +" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Una vista previa del libro está\n" " disponible en strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" "34. Este lienzo de modelo de negocios está disponible para descarga\n" " en strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. Nosotros hicimos el “Open Business Model Canvas,” diseñado por el\n" " coautor Paul Stacey, disponible en línea\n" -" en " -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit." -"\n" +" en docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " También puede encontrar las Open Business Model Canvas\n" " Questions que lo acompañan.\n" -" en " -"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit." -"\n" +" en docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. Una lista más completa de flujos de ingreso están disponibles en este\n" " post que escribí en Medium en Marzo 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" " Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, disponible\n" -" en medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-" -"and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" +" en medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" " Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" @@ -4334,7 +4327,8 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" -msgstr "#### Cobrando a los creadores de contenido *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]\\*" +msgstr "" +"#### Cobrando a los creadores de contenido *\\[BASADO EN EL MERCADO]\\*" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 @@ -4646,8 +4640,8 @@ msgid "" "with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "Independientemente de como hagan dinero, en nuestras entrevistas, " -"repetidamente escuchamos lenguaje como \"persuadirlos a comprar\" y \"" -"invitarlos a pagar.\" Incluso las escuchamos en conexión con flujos de " +"repetidamente escuchamos lenguaje como \"persuadirlos a comprar\" y " +"\"invitarlos a pagar.\" Incluso las escuchamos en conexión con flujos de " "ganancias que encajan en el mercado. Cory Doctorow nos comentó, \" Tuve que " "convencer a mis lectores de que lo correcto era pagarme.\" Los fundadores de " "la compañía lucrativa Lumen Learning nos mostraron la carta que envían a " @@ -4842,8 +4836,8 @@ msgid "" "it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" "Este consejo es probablemente más importante para los negocios y las " -"organizaciones porque instintivamente los concebimos como no humanos (" -"aunque en los Estados Unidos, las corporaciones son personas!). Cuando las " +"organizaciones porque instintivamente los concebimos como no humanos " +"(aunque en los Estados Unidos, las corporaciones son personas!). Cuando las " "corporaciones y las organizaciones hacen a la gente detras de ellas más " "perceptible, le recuerda a la gente que están tratando con algo más que una " "entidad corporativa anónima. En el lenguaje de los negocios, esto es acerca " @@ -4877,27 +4871,20 @@ msgstr "" "de estar preparado para defenderlo cuando la gente es crítica.46" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" -"denominator solutions and" -msgstr "" -"Ser responsable no significa operar bajo concenso. De acuerdo con James " -"Surowiecki, los grupos que operan bajo concenso tienden a utilizar la " -"solución común más básica y" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 -msgid "" -"avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " -"collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " -"giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it " -"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. " -"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do." +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking " +"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, " +"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you " +"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it " +"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get " +"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps " +"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested " +"in what you do." msgstr "" "evitan el intercambio de ideas honesto y desprejuiciado que se cultiva en " "las colaboraciones sanas. 47 En cambio, puede ser tan simple como solicitar " @@ -4909,12 +4896,12 @@ msgstr "" "diversidad de pensamientos que ayuda a las empresas a distinguirse." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "#### Diseñar para los buenos actores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -4935,7 +4922,7 @@ msgstr "" "más complicados con un amplio rango de necesidades, emociones, y " "motivaciones. De hecho, estamos hechos para trabajar juntos y grantizar la " "equidad.50 Ser Hecho con Creative Commons requiere creer que la gente " -"actuará mayormente sobre esas motivaciones sociales, ,motivaciones que puden " +"actuará mayormente sobre esas motivaciones sociales, motivaciones que puden " "ser consideradas \"irracionales\" en un sentido económico. Como dijo Pinter " "de Knowledge Unlatched, \"Es mejor ignorar a la gente que trata de " "intimidarte acerca de los aventones. El miedo esta basado en una versión muy " @@ -4944,7 +4931,7 @@ msgstr "" "con Creative Commons están diseñados para los buenos actores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " @@ -4959,13 +4946,13 @@ msgstr "" "autocumplida. Shirky escribió en Cognitive Surplus, \"Los sistemas que " "presuponen que la gente actuará de manera que creen bienes públicos, y que " "darles la oportunidades y recompensas por hacerlo, comunmente les permite " -"trabajan juntos mejor que lo que hubieran predicho la economía neoclásica.\"" -"51 Cuando aceptamos que la gente es comunmente motivada por algo más que " +"trabajan juntos mejor que lo que hubieran predicho la economía neoclásica." +"\"51 Cuando aceptamos que la gente es comunmente motivada por algo más que " "interés personal financiero, diseñamos nuestras empresas de maneras que " "inspiren y acentuen nuestros instintos sociales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -4989,12 +4976,12 @@ msgstr "" "hacen." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "#### Trata a los seres humanos como, bueno, humanos" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " @@ -5014,7 +5001,7 @@ msgstr "" "público, haciendo un punto al escuchar tanto como habla. 54" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -5026,7 +5013,7 @@ msgstr "" "con los usuarios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -5053,12 +5040,12 @@ msgstr "" "dinámica dramáticamente.56" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "#### Establece tus principios y apégate a ellos" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -5080,7 +5067,7 @@ msgstr "" "parte de alguna empresa . Regularmente ambas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2130 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -5101,7 +5088,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad OER (recursos abiertos educativos) en la que ellos operan." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -5115,12 +5102,12 @@ msgstr "" "confianza." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "#### Construye una comunidad" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -5141,7 +5128,7 @@ msgstr "" "y son atraídos para los valores que se simbolizan en el uso de CC." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -5167,7 +5154,7 @@ msgstr "" "organizaciones abiertas.\"60" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -5193,7 +5180,7 @@ msgstr "" "desunión." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." @@ -5203,12 +5190,12 @@ msgstr "" "lo que se trata compartir." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "#### Da más a los comunes de lo que te llevas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -5224,8 +5211,8 @@ msgstr "" "La sabiduría común en el mercado dicta que la gente debería extraer la mayor " "cantidad de dinero posible de los recursos. Esto es lo que esencialmente " "define mucho de la así llamada \"economía del intercambio\". En un artículo " -"del sitio web del Harvard Business Review titulado \"The Sharing Economy Isn’" -"t about Sharing at All\" (\"La economía del intercambio no es para nada " +"del sitio web del Harvard Business Review titulado \"The Sharing Economy " +"Isn’t about Sharing at All\" (\"La economía del intercambio no es para nada " "sobre compartir\"), los autores Giana Eckhardt y Fleura Bardhi explicaron " "cómo las transacciones anónimas, orientadas por el mercado, en la mayoría de " "las empresas de la economía del intercambio son puramente para monetizar el " @@ -5235,7 +5222,7 @@ msgstr "" "es compartir." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -5253,17 +5240,17 @@ msgstr "" "valor que uno toma de él. No se puede tratar al contenido abierto " "simplemente como un pozo común de recursos del cual extraer valor. Parte del " "dar de vuelta al ecosistema es contribuir contenido de vuelta al público " -"bajo las licencias CC. Pero no tiene que ser solamente sobre crear contenido;" -" puede ser también sobre añadir valor de otras maneras. La plataforma social " -"de blogging Medium provee valor a su comunidad al incentivar un buen " -"comportamiento, y el resultado es un espacio online con contenido de " -"remarcada buena calidad generado por los usuarios y con pocos trolls.65 " -"Opendesk contribuye a su comunidad al comprometerse a ayudar a sus " +"bajo las licencias CC. Pero no tiene que ser solamente sobre crear " +"contenido; puede ser también sobre añadir valor de otras maneras. La " +"plataforma social de blogging Medium provee valor a su comunidad al " +"incentivar un buen comportamiento, y el resultado es un espacio online con " +"contenido de remarcada buena calidad generado por los usuarios y con pocos " +"trolls.65 Opendesk contribuye a su comunidad al comprometerse a ayudar a sus " "diseñadores a hacer dinero, en parte al curar y exhibir activamente su " "trabajo en la plataforma de una manera efectiva." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -5282,12 +5269,13 @@ msgstr "" "cuando el valor que ellos añaden sobrepasa el valor que tú añadiste." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "#### Involucra a la gente en lo que haces" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 +#, fuzzy msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -5297,7 +5285,7 @@ msgid "" "than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when " "people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for " "larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68" msgstr "" "Gracias a Internet, podemos utilizar los talentos y la experiencia de " "personas alrededor del mundo. Chris Anderson lo llama la Larga Cola del " @@ -5308,15 +5296,10 @@ msgstr "" "permanecen juntos colaboran mejor cuando la gente puede trabajar de manera " "independiente y asíncrona, y particularmente para los grupos más grandes con " "lazos más sueltos, donde los contribuyentes pueden hacer simples mejoras sin " -"un compromiso que demande mucho tiempo." +"un compromiso de tiempo demasiado pesado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2224 -msgid "commitment.68" -msgstr "68" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -5336,7 +5319,7 @@ msgstr "" "diferencia.69" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -5374,7 +5357,7 @@ msgstr "" "recibir aportes era en la escritura, en la música misma\".71" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -5399,7 +5382,7 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración florece.73" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -5421,12 +5404,12 @@ msgstr "" "participantes activos.75" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "#### Notas" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -5437,7 +5420,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponible en: strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation." #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." @@ -5446,12 +5429,12 @@ msgstr "" "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "Ibid., 55." #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -5462,12 +5445,12 @@ msgstr "" "Hyperion, 2010), 224." #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." @@ -5476,7 +5459,7 @@ msgstr "" "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." @@ -5485,7 +5468,7 @@ msgstr "" "2012), 64." #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." @@ -5494,7 +5477,7 @@ msgstr "" "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 #, fuzzy, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -5668,12 +5651,12 @@ msgstr "" " Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## Las Licencias Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -5700,12 +5683,12 @@ msgstr "" "patentes o marcas registradas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "A continuación se presentan las seis licencias:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391 #, fuzzy msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " @@ -5715,7 +5698,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -5729,7 +5712,7 @@ msgstr "" "de materiales licenciados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" @@ -5738,7 +5721,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -5756,7 +5739,7 @@ msgstr "" "derivada también permitirá el uso con fines comerciales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" @@ -5765,7 +5748,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -5776,7 +5759,7 @@ msgstr "" "modificaciones y te den crédito como autor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" @@ -5785,7 +5768,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -5798,7 +5781,7 @@ msgstr "" "creador, no tienen la obligación de licenciarlos bajo estos mismos términos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" @@ -5807,7 +5790,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -5819,7 +5802,7 @@ msgstr "" "creaciones bajo los mismos términos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" @@ -5828,7 +5811,7 @@ msgstr "" "height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -5841,7 +5824,7 @@ msgstr "" "posibilidad de modificarla de ninguna manera o utilizarla comercialmente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -5853,16 +5836,16 @@ msgstr "" "cuyos plazos de derechos de autor han expirado:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" "\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in\"" -" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." @@ -5871,16 +5854,16 @@ msgstr "" "al dominio público en todo el mundo (”ningún derecho reservado”)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" "\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in\"" -" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" +"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." @@ -5890,7 +5873,7 @@ msgstr "" "derecho autoral." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -5912,7 +5895,7 @@ msgstr "" "digital, amplifican su involucramiento y compromiso de compartir." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -5938,7 +5921,7 @@ msgstr "" "largometraje, o evitar que otra compañía venda copias físicas del mismo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -5964,7 +5947,7 @@ msgstr "" "distribuidora descubra su trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -5978,7 +5961,7 @@ msgstr "" "médicos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -6002,12 +5985,12 @@ msgstr "" "entre distintos dominios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 msgid "Note" msgstr "Notas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -6019,22 +6002,22 @@ msgstr "" "Your Work” en" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 msgid "# Part 2" msgstr "# Parte 2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "# Los estudios de caso" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -6054,7 +6037,7 @@ msgstr "" "por nosotros." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -6069,12 +6052,12 @@ msgstr "" "en buena medida la manera en que nos fue contado por quienes entrevistamos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "## Arduino" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." @@ -6083,12 +6066,12 @@ msgstr "" "hardware y software con fines de lucro. Fundada en Italia en 2005." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "www.arduino.cc" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -6099,36 +6082,36 @@ msgstr "" "por aquellos que quieren vender productos Arduino utilizando su nombre)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 4 de febrero, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "Entrevistados: David Cuartielles y Tom Igoe, cofundadores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Paul Stacey" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -6156,7 +6139,7 @@ msgstr "" "software bajo la Licencia Pública General (GPL) de GNU." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -6174,7 +6157,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer artes visuales)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -6191,7 +6174,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo que pensamos siquiera en construir.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -6210,7 +6193,7 @@ msgstr "" "de Tom, ”abrir las fuentes facilita confiar en un producto.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -6227,7 +6210,7 @@ msgstr "" "se invirtieron en sostener y mejorar a Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -6242,7 +6225,7 @@ msgstr "" "cliente lo hace a uno más confiado y convincente al vender el producto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -6268,7 +6251,7 @@ msgstr "" "vendido a un precio razonable, la gente lo comprará." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -6297,7 +6280,7 @@ msgstr "" "accesible, útil tanto para novatos como para expertos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -6314,7 +6297,7 @@ msgstr "" "altos para sostener el negocio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -6329,7 +6312,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir las cosas bajo un modelo abierto únicamente le ayudará.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -6352,7 +6335,7 @@ msgstr "" "asegurar que la mueva versión es igualmente libre y abierta." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -6374,7 +6357,7 @@ msgstr "" "incorpora en sus nuevos productos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -6396,7 +6379,7 @@ msgstr "" "tarjeta para darle mayor funcionalidad), y kits.1" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -6420,7 +6403,7 @@ msgstr "" "problemas de la gente. La comunidad creció orgánicamente desde ese punto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -6444,7 +6427,7 @@ msgstr "" "no sufre por copias de mala calidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -6463,7 +6446,7 @@ msgstr "" "generación de ganancias para Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -6481,7 +6464,7 @@ msgstr "" "herramienta crítica para Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -6508,7 +6491,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales y aquellas que son clones, derivados, compatibles, y falsificados.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -6524,7 +6507,7 @@ msgstr "" "cosas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -6540,7 +6523,7 @@ msgstr "" "alfabetización que todos debieran aprender.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -6551,38 +6534,38 @@ msgstr "" "precios, y bueno para la manufactura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246 msgid "Web links" msgstr "Vínculos Web" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "## Ártica" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -6593,41 +6576,41 @@ msgstr "" "colaboración en las artes y la cultura. Fundada en 2011 en Uruguay." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "www.articaonline.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: cobrar por servicios personalizados" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 9 de marzo de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "Entravistados: Mariana Fossatti y Jorge Gemetto, cofundadores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Perfil escrito por Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -6640,12 +6623,12 @@ msgstr "" "que ellos construyeron por sí mismos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "El trabajo de sus sueños no existía, así que lo crearon." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -6667,7 +6650,7 @@ msgstr "" "crean proyectos artísticos y culturales en la Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -6693,7 +6676,7 @@ msgstr "" "intermediarios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -6713,7 +6696,7 @@ msgstr "" "personalizados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -6731,7 +6714,7 @@ msgstr "" "especializados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -6747,7 +6730,7 @@ msgstr "" "individuales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -6762,7 +6745,7 @@ msgstr "" "les lleva a algo nuevo, cada nuevo recurso que crean abre nuevas puertas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -6792,7 +6775,7 @@ msgstr "" "un acuerdo justo y ético.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -6808,7 +6791,7 @@ msgstr "" "oportunidades para su negocio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -6828,7 +6811,7 @@ msgstr "" "complejo en el futuro, como un curso o un libro.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -6846,7 +6829,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante como el producto final." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -6861,7 +6844,7 @@ msgstr "" "importante son las relaciones.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -6872,7 +6855,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir sus conocimientos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -6898,7 +6881,7 @@ msgstr "" "cultura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -6915,7 +6898,7 @@ msgstr "" "eficiente y sostenible, y por esto, es un éxito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -6930,7 +6913,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacerlo de forma sostenible y colaborativa." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -6945,12 +6928,12 @@ msgstr "" "cómo se ve.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "## Blender Institute" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." @@ -6959,12 +6942,12 @@ msgstr "" "utilizando el software Blender. Fundado en 2006 en los Países Bajos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "www.blender.org" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" @@ -6973,17 +6956,17 @@ msgstr "" "copias físicas, venta de mercancía" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 8 de marzo, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "Entrevistado: Francesco Siddi, coordinador de producción" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -7004,7 +6987,7 @@ msgstr "" "Blender y a su comunidad de maneras concretas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -7025,7 +7008,7 @@ msgstr "" "en conjunto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -7038,7 +7021,7 @@ msgstr "" "contenido empleando tus propias herramientas, no estás haciendo nada.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -7060,7 +7043,7 @@ msgstr "" "bajo la Licencia Pública General GNU." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -7084,7 +7067,7 @@ msgstr "" "comunidad de desarrolladores para que el proyecto pudiera vivir.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -7100,7 +7083,7 @@ msgstr "" "administrar al desarrollo y mantenimiento de software." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -7121,7 +7104,7 @@ msgstr "" "programa Blender." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -7139,7 +7122,7 @@ msgstr "" "creerlo.'”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -7154,7 +7137,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus caracteres animados fueron recogidos por vendedores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -7179,7 +7162,7 @@ msgstr "" "limitantes presupuestales.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -7197,7 +7180,7 @@ msgstr "" "comprende el beneficio de estos proyectos,” dice Francesco." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -7214,7 +7197,7 @@ msgstr "" "entonces termina. Eso es un problema.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -7244,7 +7227,7 @@ msgstr "" "otros materiales utilizados en varios proyectos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -7257,7 +7240,7 @@ msgstr "" "nuesra libertad,” nos dice, ”y para los artistas, la libertad lo es todo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -7275,7 +7258,7 @@ msgstr "" "productos Blender." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -7288,7 +7271,7 @@ msgstr "" "abierto. Vender una licencia nunca fue parte de su modelo de negocios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -7307,17 +7290,17 @@ msgstr "" "presupuesto reproducir lo que hiciste”, dijo Ton." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "Para Ton y Blender, a fin de cuentas todo se trata de hacer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." @@ -7327,27 +7310,27 @@ msgstr "" "Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "Modelo de ganancia: Cobrar por copias físicas" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 3 de febrero, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Max Temkin, cofundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -7359,7 +7342,7 @@ msgstr "" "del que ganamos”." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -7379,7 +7362,7 @@ msgstr "" "lograr un juego hilarante y divertido." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -7394,7 +7377,7 @@ msgstr "" "oficiales, así como ediciones internacionales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -7407,7 +7390,7 @@ msgstr "" "contar las descargas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -7422,7 +7405,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego es todo un nuevo juego por sí solo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -7433,7 +7416,7 @@ msgstr "" "una base de seguidores masiva." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -7458,7 +7441,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtuvieron \\$15,000. El juego salió oficialmente a mercado en mayo de 2011." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -7469,7 +7452,7 @@ msgstr "" "decidieran hacer de éste un negocio continuado. ”Simplemente ocurrió,” dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -7482,7 +7465,7 @@ msgstr "" "preguntas frecuentes de su sitio Web ”Tus tontas preguntas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -7511,7 +7494,7 @@ msgstr "" "su Venta de Todo Cuesta \\$5 Más." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " @@ -7522,7 +7505,7 @@ msgstr "" "hicimos. La gente aceptó perfectamente el chiste.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -7536,7 +7519,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacemos.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -7553,7 +7536,7 @@ msgstr "" "haciéndolo exitoso. Obtuvieron \\$70,000 en un sólo día." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -7578,7 +7561,7 @@ msgstr "" "veces, porque los beneficios son muchísimos.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -7594,7 +7577,7 @@ msgstr "" "del juego creadas por los seguidores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -7608,7 +7591,7 @@ msgstr "" "en la comercialización.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -7633,7 +7616,7 @@ msgstr "" "habido un puñado de casos en los que involucraron a un abogado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -7653,7 +7636,7 @@ msgstr "" "cantidad de trabajo y de atención a las sutilezas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -7675,7 +7658,7 @@ msgstr "" "publicado, una vez que la gente crea sus propias adaptaciones del juego." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -7690,7 +7673,7 @@ msgstr "" "más chistes y juegos,” dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -7707,7 +7690,7 @@ msgstr "" "juego hacia ellas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -7723,7 +7706,7 @@ msgstr "" "obtener más dinero de los clientes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -7736,12 +7719,12 @@ msgstr "" "quién es usted, y por qué está haciendo las cosas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "## The Conversation (La conversación)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -7752,12 +7735,12 @@ msgstr "" "través de Internet. Fundado en el 2011 en Australia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "theconversation.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" @@ -7767,12 +7750,12 @@ msgstr "" "escritores), donaciones" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Andrew Jaspan, fundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -7784,13 +7767,13 @@ msgstr "" "Andrew Jaspan pasó muchos años como editor de periódicos importantes " "incluyendo el the Observer en Londres, el the Sunday Herald en Glasgow, y el " "the Age en Melbourne, Australia. Experimentó de primera mano el declinar de " -"los periódicos, incluyendo el colapso de las ganancias, inactividad , y la " +"los periódicos, incluyendo el colapso de las ganancias, inactividad, y la " "presión constante de la reducción de costos. Después de que dejó the Age en " "2005, su preocupación por el futuro del periodismo no desapareció. Andrew " "realizó un compromiso de regresar con un modelo alternativo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -7806,7 +7789,7 @@ msgstr "" "sexy." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -7845,7 +7828,7 @@ msgstr "" "público pero no tan bueno al exhibir su experiencia ante amplias audiencias." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -7871,7 +7854,7 @@ msgstr "" "escribiendo lo que ellos quieran." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -7895,7 +7878,7 @@ msgstr "" "licenciado con Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -7915,7 +7898,7 @@ msgstr "" "fidedigna de información basada en evidencia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -7944,7 +7927,7 @@ msgstr "" "republicarlo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -7968,7 +7951,7 @@ msgstr "" "que hace The Conversation." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -7984,7 +7967,7 @@ msgstr "" "través de ser un proveedor acreditado para el feed de Noticias de Google." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -8002,7 +7985,7 @@ msgstr "" "no recibe ningún anuncio y es una empresa sin ánimo de lucro." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -8022,7 +8005,7 @@ msgstr "" "del mundo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -8040,7 +8023,7 @@ msgstr "" "y las características distintivas del servicio." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -8056,7 +8039,7 @@ msgstr "" "editorial asesor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -8076,7 +8059,7 @@ msgstr "" "dónde se está republicando el artículo y el número de lecturas por artículo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -8093,7 +8076,7 @@ msgstr "" "consulta de una empresa sobre un tema." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -8104,7 +8087,7 @@ msgstr "" "y moestrar por qué son de valor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -8120,25 +8103,25 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 msgid "Web link" msgstr "Sitio web" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "theconversation.com/us/charter" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "## Cory Doctorow" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." @@ -8147,12 +8130,12 @@ msgstr "" "periodista. Vive en los Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "craphound.com y boingboing.net" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" @@ -8161,12 +8144,12 @@ msgstr "" "lo-que-quiera, vender derechos de traducción de los libros" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 12 de enero de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -8184,7 +8167,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -8195,7 +8178,7 @@ msgstr "" "camino para que ellos lo compartieran." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -8215,7 +8198,7 @@ msgstr "" "que los creadores pueden ganarse la vida en la era de Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -8226,7 +8209,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelos de pague-lo-que-quiera para su trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -8244,8 +8227,8 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Mientras que el trabajo de ficción de Cory tiene muchos seguidores, es " "igualmente reconocido por su activismo. Es un destacado oponente del derecho " -"de autor restrictivo y de las tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales (" -"DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizadas para encerrar el contenido, porque " +"de autor restrictivo y de las tecnologías de gestión de derechos digitales " +"(DRM, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizadas para encerrar el contenido, porque " "piensa que ambas socavan a los creadores y al interés público. Actualmente " "es un asesor especial en la Electronic Frontier Foundation, donde está " "involucrado en un juicio que desafía a la ley estadounidense que protege el " @@ -8283,7 +8266,7 @@ msgstr "" "estaba escribiendo para mantenerme cuerdo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -8303,7 +8286,7 @@ msgstr "" "simboliza su visión de mundo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -8322,7 +8305,7 @@ msgstr "" "su trabajo. \"Empecé por no llamarlos ladrones\", dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -8334,19 +8317,19 @@ msgid "" "book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time and energy, " "and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" msgstr "" -"Cory comenzó a utilizar las lciencias CC al poco tiempo de que fueran " +"Cory comenzó a utilizar las licencias CC al poco tiempo de que fueran " "creadas. En el momento en que su primera novela salió, el género de la " "ciencia ficción estaba lleno de gente digitalizando y descargando libros sin " "permiso. Cuando él y su editor miraron más de cerca a quienes estaban " "haciendo ese tipo de cosas online, se dieron cuenta de que se parecía un " -"montón a promocionar un libro. \"Sabía que había una relación entre tener " -"lectores entusiastas y tener una carrera exitosa como escritor\", dice. \"En " +"montón a promocionar un libro. ”Sabía que había una relación entre tener " +"lectores entusiastas y tener una carrera exitosa como escritor,” dice. ”En " "ese momento, tomaba ocho horas hacerle reconocimiento de caracteres a un " "libro, lo que es un gran esfuerzo. Decidí liberarles el tiempo y la energía, " -"y darles el libro de manera gratuita en un formato destinado a difundirlo\"." +"y darles el libro de manera gratuita en un formato destinado a difundirlo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -8362,7 +8345,7 @@ msgstr "" "establecido." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -8378,7 +8361,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo hace\", dice." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -8393,21 +8376,21 @@ msgid "" "pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" msgstr "" "Hacer su trabajo disponible bajo una licencia Creative Commons le permite " -"ver a sus fans más grandes como sus embajadores. \"Estar abierto a la " +"ver a sus fans más grandes como sus embajadores. ”Estar abierto a la " "actividad de los fans te hace parte de la conversación sobre lo que los fans " -"hacen con tu trabajo y cómo interactúan con él\", dice. El propio sitio web " +"hacen con tu trabajo y cómo interactúan con él,” dice. El propio sitio web " "de Cory destaca de manera rutinaria las cosas interesantes que su audiencia " "ha hecho con su trabajo. A diferencia de las corporaciones como Disney, que " "tienden a tener una relación de poco interés con la actividad de sus fans, " -"él tiene una relación simbiótica con su audiencia. \"Comprometerte con tu " -"audiencia no te garantiza el éxito\", dice. \"Y Disney es un ejemplo de ser " -"capaz de permancer distante y aún así ser la compañía más exitosa en la " -"historia de las industrias creativas. Pero me di cuenta de que mis " -"probabilidades de ser Disney son bastante estrechas, de modo que tengo que " -"tomar toda la ayuda que pueda obtener\"." +"él tiene una relación simbiótica con su audiencia. ”Comprometerse con la " +"audiencia no garantiza el éxito,” dice. ”Y Disney es un ejemplo de ser capaz " +"de permancer distante y aún así ser la compañía más exitosa en la historia " +"de las industrias creativas. Pero me di cuenta de que mis probabilidades de " +"ser Disney son bastante estrechas, de modo que tengo que tomar toda la ayuda " +"que pueda obtener.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -8435,7 +8418,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponibles de manera gratuita." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -8452,18 +8435,18 @@ msgstr "" "En su libro Information Doesn't Want to Be Free, Cory compara su filosofía " "con las flores de los dientes de león o panaderos. Estas flores producen " "miles de semillas cada primavera, y se dispersan en el aire en todas las " -"direcciones. La estrategia es maximizar el número de chances azarosas que " -"estas flores tienen de continuar su línea genética. De manera similar, dice " -"que hay un montón de gente ahí afuera que quizás quiera comprar obras " -"creativas o compensar a los autores por ellas de alguna otra manera. \"La " -"mayor cantidad de lugares que tu trabajo pueda encontrar, más alta es la " -"posibilidad de que encontrará uno de esos potenciales clientes en un hueco " -"insospechado del asfalto metafórico\", escribió. \"Las copias que otras " -"personas hacen de mi trabajo no me cuesta nada y me presentan la posibilidad " -"de que conseguiré algo\"." +"direcciones. La estrategia es maximizar el número de posibilidades azarosas " +"que estas flores tienen de continuar su línea genética. De manera similar, " +"dice que hay un montón de gente ahí afuera que quizás quiera comprar obras " +"creativas o compensar a los autores por ellas de alguna otra manera. ”Entre " +"mayor sea la cantidad de lugares que el trabajo pueda encontrar, más alta es " +"la posibilidad de que encontrará uno de esos potenciales clientes en un " +"hueco insospechado del asfalto metafórico,” escribió. ”Las copias que otras " +"personas hacen de mi trabajo no me cuestan nada y me presentan la " +"posibilidad de obtener algo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -8473,17 +8456,17 @@ msgid "" "Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " "you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" msgstr "" -"Aplicar una licencia CC a su trabajo aumenta sus chances de que su trabajo " -"será compartido más ampliamente en la web. Él no utiliza DRM —y se opone " -"abiertamente a la práctica de utilizarlo— por razones similares. El DRM " -"tiene el efecto de atar una obra a una plataforma en particular. A cambio, " -"este candado digital le quita al autor el control sobre su propia obra y se " -"lo entrega a la plataforma. Llama a este efecto la Primera Ley de Cory: \"" -"Cada vez que alguien pone un candado sobre algo que te pertenece y no te " -"entrega la llave, ese candado no está puesto ahí para tu beneficio\"." +"Aplicar una licencia CC a su trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de que su " +"trabajo sea compartido más ampliamente en la web. Él no utiliza DRM —y se " +"opone abiertamente a la práctica de utilizarlo— por razones similares. El " +"DRM tiene el efecto de atar una obra a una plataforma en particular. A " +"cambio, este candado digital le quita al autor el control sobre su propia " +"obra y se lo entrega a la plataforma. Llama a este efecto la Primera Ley de " +"Cory: ”Cada vez que alguien pone un candado sobre algo que te pertenece y no " +"te entrega la llave, ese candado no está puesto ahí para tu beneficio.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -8498,14 +8481,14 @@ msgstr "" "más lugares, en vez de menos, donde las personas pueden acceder a su " "trabajo. La Internet ha abierto esas avenidas, pero el DRM está diseñada " "para limitarls. \"Por un lado, podemos hacer que nuestro trabajo esté " -"disponible de manera convincente para una audiencia muy dispersa\", dice. \"" -"Por el otro lado, los intermediarios a los que históricamente les vendimos " +"disponible de manera convincente para una audiencia muy dispersa\", dice. " +"\"Por el otro lado, los intermediarios a los que históricamente les vendimos " "están haciendo más difícil evadirlos\". Cory continuamente busca formas de " "alcanzar a su audiencia sin depender de las grandes plataformas que tratarán " "de tomar control sobre su trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -8527,7 +8510,7 @@ msgstr "" "experimento de pague-lo-que-quiera." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -8541,16 +8524,16 @@ msgstr "" "Los fans están particularmente dispuestos a pagar cuando se sienten " "conectados personalmente al artista. Cory se esfuerza para crear esa " "conexión personal. Una de las formas en que hace esto es respondiendo " -"personalmente cada correo que le llega. \"Si se observa la historia de los " -"artistas, la mayoría mueren en la penuria\", dice. \"Esa realidad significa " +"personalmente cada correo que le llega. ”Si se observa la historia de los " +"artistas, la mayoría mueren en la penuria,” dice. ”Esa realidad significa " "que los artistas tenemos que encontrar formas de apoyarnos cuando el público " "cambia de gustos, cuando el derecho de autor deja de producir ingresos. " "Hacer carrera artística a prueba del futuro significa en muchos sentidos " "descubrir cómo permanecer conectado con esa gente que ha sido tocada por tu " -"trabajo\"." +"trabajo.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -8561,22 +8544,21 @@ msgstr "" "El realismo de Cory sobre la dificultad de ganarse la vida en el mundo del " "arte no refleja un pesimismo sobre la era de Internet. En cambio, él dice " "que el hecho de que es difícil ganarse la vida como artista no es nada " -"nuevo. Lo que es nuevo, escribe en su libro, \"es cuántas formas hay de " -"hacer las cosas y cómo llevarlas a la mente y a las manos de otras personas\"" -"." +"nuevo. Lo que es nuevo, escribe en su libro, ”es cuántas formas hay de hacer " +"las cosas y cómo llevarlas a la mente y a las manos de otras personas.”" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "Nunca ha sido más fácil pensar como un diente de león." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "## Figshare" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -8588,28 +8570,28 @@ msgstr "" "videos. Fundado en el año 2011 en Gran Bretaña." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "figshare.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" "Model de negocios: la plataforma le provee servicios pagos a los creadores" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 28 de enero de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Hahnel, fundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -8631,7 +8613,7 @@ msgstr "" "forma tal que el modelo actual de publicación académica no permite." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -8643,7 +8625,7 @@ msgstr "" "tiempo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -8661,7 +8643,7 @@ msgstr "" "sería mejor para su carrera." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -8674,7 +8656,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquiera. Así que empezó a trabajar en una solución." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -8686,7 +8668,7 @@ msgstr "" "un período largo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -8704,7 +8686,7 @@ msgstr "" "de DOIs para datos de investigación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -8719,7 +8701,7 @@ msgstr "" "CC BY (Atribución) para figuras, videos y conjuntos de datos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -8733,7 +8715,7 @@ msgstr "" "ellos también lo utilizaran." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -8750,7 +8732,7 @@ msgstr "" "utilizadas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -8764,7 +8746,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo de negocios del tipo freemium." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -8787,7 +8769,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nosotros simplemente nos aseguramos de que persista.\"" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -8807,7 +8789,7 @@ msgstr "" "proveyera esa funcionalidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -8821,9 +8803,22 @@ msgid "" "to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for " "the data." msgstr "" +"Figshare diversificó su modelo de negocios para incluir servicios para " +"revistas. Figshare empezó a hospedar grandes cantidades de datos para los " +"artículos en línea de las revistas. Estos datos adicionales mejoraron la " +"calidad de los artículos. La externalización de este servicio a Figshare " +"liberó a las editoriales de tener que desarrollar esta funcionalidad como " +"parte de su propia infraestructura. Los datos hospedados por Figshare " +"también brindaban un enlace de vuelta al artículo, generando más visitas y " +"mayor número de personas lectoras—un beneficio tanto para las editoriales de " +"revistas y las personas investigadoras. Figshare ahora brinda una " +"infraestructura de datos de investigación para una gran variedad de " +"editoriales, incluyendo Wiley, Springer, Nature, PLOS y Taylor and Francis, " +"para nombrar algunas, y las ha convencido de usar licencias Creative Commons " +"para los datos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -8833,9 +8828,17 @@ msgid "" "interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, " "adding services for institutions." msgstr "" +"Los gobiernos asignan fondos públicos significativos para investigación. En " +"paralelo con el lanzamiento de Figshare, gobiernos alrededor del mundo " +"empezaron a solicitar que la investigación que estos financian sea abierta y " +"accesible. Estos mandaron que las personas investigadoras y las " +"instituciones académicas administraran mejor y diseminaran los resultados de " +"sus investigaciones. Instituciones buscando cumplir con este nuevo mandato " +"se interesaron en Figshare. Figshare de nuevo diversificó su modelo de " +"negocios, agregando servicios para instituciones." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -8845,9 +8848,17 @@ msgid "" "institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, " "as well as of the researchers." msgstr "" +"Figshare ahora ofrece una serie de servicios de pago para instituciones, " +"incluyendo un espacio de Figshare con su propia marca (llamado Figshare para " +"Instituciones) que hospeda de forma segura en la nube datos de " +"investigaciones de instituciones. Los servicios no sólo incluyen hospedaje, " +"sino también métricas de datos, diseminación de datos y administración de " +"grupos de usuarios. El flujo de trabajo de Figshare, y los servicios que " +"ofrecen para instituciones, toman en cuenta las necesidades de personas " +"bibliotecarias y administradoras, tanto como investigadoras." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -8859,9 +8870,20 @@ msgid "" "permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" +"Como con personas investigadoras y editoriales, Figshare incitó a que las " +"instituciones compartieran sus investigacines con CC BY (Atribución), y sus " +"datos con CC0 (en el dominio público. Patrocinadoras que requieren que las " +"personas investigadoras e instituciones usen licenciamiento abierto creen en " +"las responsabilidades sociales y los beneficios de hacer investigación " +"accesible para todos y todas. Publicar investigaciones en esta forma abierta " +"se ha venido a llamar acceso abierto. Pero no todas las patrocinadoras " +"especifican CC BY; algunas instituciones quieren ofrecer opciones a sus " +"investigadoras, incluyendo licencias menos permisivas como CC BY_NC " +"(Atribución-NoComercial), CC BY-SA (Atribución-CompartirIgual), o CC BY-ND " +"(Atribución-SinDerivados)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -8871,9 +8893,17 @@ msgid "" "an open-source CERN project offer all Creative Commons licenses without any " "negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit." msgstr "" +"Para Mark esto ha creado conflicto. En una mano, los principios y beneficios " +"de la ciencia abierta está en el corazón de Figshare, y Mark cree que CC BY " +"es la mejor licencia para esto. En la otra mano, las instituciones estaban " +"diciendo que no usarían Figshare a menos que ofreciera opciones en sus " +"licencias. Él inicialmente se reusó a ofrecer nada más allá de CC0 y CC BY, " +"pero después de ver un proyecto de código abierto del CERN que ofrecía todas " +"las licencias Creative Commons sin repercusiones negativas, decidió seguir " +"el ejemplo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -8882,9 +8912,15 @@ msgid "" "believes more and more researchers and institutions will make it their " "license of choice." msgstr "" +"Mark está pensando en hacer un estudio de Figshare que rastrea la " +"diseminación de investigaciones de acuerdo a la licencia Creative Commons, y " +"recolectar métricas en vistas, citas y descargas. Se podría ver cuál " +"licencia genera el impacto más grande. Si los datos mostraran que CC BY es " +"más impactante, Mark cree que más y más personas investigadoras e " +"instituciones la harán su licencia de elección." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -8895,9 +8931,18 @@ msgid "" "into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing " "any of the variables.2" msgstr "" +"Figshare tiene una interfaz de programación de aplicaciones (API por sus " +"siglas en Inglés) que hace posible que los datos sean tomados de Figshare y " +"usados en otras aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, Mark compartió un conjunto de " +"datos de Figshare mostrando subscripciones a revistas que instituciones de " +"educación superior en el Reino Unido pagaron a 10 grandes editoriales.1 La " +"API de Figshare permite que los datos sean puestos en una aplicación " +"desarrollada por personas investigadoras completamente diferentes que " +"convierte los datos en un gráfico visualmente interesante, el cual cualquier " +"persona espectadora puede alterar cambiando cualquiera de las variables.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -8908,9 +8953,18 @@ msgid "" "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" +"La versión gratuita de Figshare ha construido una comunidad de personas " +"académicas, quienes a través del boca a boca y presentaciones han promovido " +"y difundido acerca de Figshare. Para amplificar y premiar a la comunidad, " +"Figshare estableció un programa de personas consejeras, brindando a quienes " +"promovieron Figshare sudaderas y camisas, acceso temprano a funcionalidades " +"nuevas y gastos de viaje cuando dan presentaciones fuera de su área. Estas " +"consejeras también ayudaron a Mark sobre cuál licencia usar para código de " +"software, y si debían ofrecer a universidades una opción de usar licencias " +"Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -8921,9 +8975,19 @@ msgid "" "career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated " "open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" +"Mark dice que su éxito es parcialmente sobre estar en el lugar correcto en " +"el momento correcto. Él también cree que la diversificación del modelo de " +"Figshare a través del tiempo ha sido clave para el éxito. Figshare ahora " +"ofrece un exhaustivo conjunto de servicios para personas investigadoras, " +"editoriales e instituciones.3 Si él hubiera confiado solamente en los " +"ingresos por subscripciones premium, él cree que Figshare hubiera sufrido. " +"En los primeros días de Figshare, sus personas usuarias principales eran " +"personas académicas empezando o terminando sus carreras. Fue solo porque " +"patrocinadoras mandaron licenciamiento abierto que Figshare ahora está " +"siendo usado por las principales instituciones." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -8931,9 +8995,15 @@ msgid "" "from Google. A sister company called Altmetric tracks the use of Figshare by " "others, including Wikipedia and news sources." msgstr "" +"Hoy Figshare tiene más de 26 millones de vistas en su página, más de 7.5 " +"millones millones de descargas, más de 800,000 subidas de usuarios, más de 2 " +"millones de artículos, más de 500,000 colecciones, y más de 5,000 proyectos. " +"El sesenta por ciento de su tráfico viene de Google. Una compañía hermana " +"llamada Altmetric rastrea el uso de Figshare por otras, incluyendo Wikipedia " +"y fuentes de noticias." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -8946,67 +9016,82 @@ msgid "" "Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " "research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" +"Figshare usa los ingresos que genera de las subscripciones premium, " +"editoriales de revistas e instituciones para financiar y expandir lo que " +"puede ofrecer de gratis para personas investigadoras. Figshare se ha " +"mantenido públicamente siguiendo sus principios—mantener el servicio " +"gratuito y requerir el uso de CC BY y CC0 desde el inicio—y desde la " +"perspectiva de Mark, esta es la razón por la que la gente confía en " +"Figshare. Mark ve como nuevas competidoras aparecen que solo están en esto " +"por el dinero. Si Figshare estuviera en esto por el dinero, no les hubiera " +"interesado ofrecer una versión gratuita. Los principios de Figshare y su " +"apoyo por la apertura son diferenciadores clave. En el futuro, Mark ve a " +"Figshare no solo apoyando el acceso abierto en investigación, sino también " +"permitiendo que las personas colaboren y hagan nuevos descubrimientos." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 #, fuzzy msgid "" "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" "\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" -"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\" -"_universities/1186832" +"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" +"\\_universities/1186832" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 msgid "" "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" "year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" -"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\" -"_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" +"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" +"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "figshare.com/features" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "## Figure.NZ" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" +"Figure.NZ es una organización de caridad sin fines de lucro que hace una " +"plataforma de datos en línea designada para hacer que los datos sean " +"reusables y fáciles de entender. Fundada en 2012 en Nueva Zelanda." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "figure.nz" -msgstr "" +msgstr "figure.nz" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: mayo 3 de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -9026,7 +9111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -9039,7 +9124,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -9054,7 +9139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -9072,7 +9157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -9089,7 +9174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -9104,7 +9189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -9124,7 +9209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -9133,7 +9218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -9150,7 +9235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -9165,7 +9250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -9175,7 +9260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " @@ -9183,7 +9268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -9192,7 +9277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -9206,7 +9291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -9218,7 +9303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -9233,7 +9318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -9244,7 +9329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -9252,7 +9337,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -9260,7 +9345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -9273,7 +9358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -9282,7 +9367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -9293,7 +9378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -9303,35 +9388,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 msgid "" "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 msgid "" "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" "government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -9339,27 +9424,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -9376,7 +9461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -9385,7 +9470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -9394,7 +9479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -9412,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -9423,7 +9508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -9434,7 +9519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -9444,7 +9529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -9457,35 +9542,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -9494,7 +9579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -9502,7 +9587,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -9510,7 +9595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -9522,7 +9607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -9535,7 +9620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -9548,7 +9633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -9564,7 +9649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -9572,7 +9657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -9584,7 +9669,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -9592,7 +9677,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -9600,7 +9685,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " @@ -9612,7 +9697,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -9624,7 +9709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -9636,7 +9721,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -9646,7 +9731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -9660,14 +9745,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -9680,7 +9765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -9693,64 +9778,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -9773,7 +9858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -9785,7 +9870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -9796,7 +9881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -9806,7 +9891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -9821,33 +9906,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -9857,7 +9942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -9867,7 +9952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -9876,7 +9961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -9887,7 +9972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -9905,7 +9990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -9918,7 +10003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -9931,7 +10016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -9941,7 +10026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -9954,7 +10039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -9964,7 +10049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -9978,7 +10063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -9990,7 +10075,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -10002,7 +10087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -10013,7 +10098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -10026,7 +10111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -10037,7 +10122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -10046,7 +10131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -10059,7 +10144,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -10071,34 +10156,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -10106,12 +10191,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -10124,7 +10209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -10137,7 +10222,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -10146,7 +10231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -10158,7 +10243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -10175,7 +10260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -10186,7 +10271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -10197,7 +10282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -10207,7 +10292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -10219,7 +10304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -10229,7 +10314,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -10241,7 +10326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -10254,7 +10339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -10270,7 +10355,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -10279,7 +10364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -10293,7 +10378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -10304,7 +10389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -10314,7 +10399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -10324,7 +10409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -10332,12 +10417,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -10345,27 +10430,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -10373,7 +10458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -10384,7 +10469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -10394,7 +10479,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -10404,7 +10489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -10416,7 +10501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -10426,7 +10511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -10437,7 +10522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -10446,7 +10531,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -10461,7 +10546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -10473,7 +10558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -10483,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -10499,7 +10584,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -10514,7 +10599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -10522,7 +10607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -10535,7 +10620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -10543,7 +10628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -10552,7 +10637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -10567,7 +10652,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -10577,7 +10662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -10585,7 +10670,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -10596,7 +10681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -10605,7 +10690,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -10617,7 +10702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -10626,7 +10711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -10638,7 +10723,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -10650,29 +10735,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 msgid "" "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" "visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "## Open Data Institute" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -10680,29 +10765,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -10714,7 +10799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -10728,7 +10813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -10738,29 +10823,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -10771,7 +10856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -10781,7 +10866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -10791,7 +10876,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -10801,14 +10886,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -10823,7 +10908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -10838,7 +10923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -10849,7 +10934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -10859,7 +10944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -10870,13 +10955,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -10884,7 +10969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -10894,7 +10979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -10903,7 +10988,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -10914,7 +10999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -10927,7 +11012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -10935,7 +11020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -10946,7 +11031,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -10956,7 +11041,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -10965,7 +11050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -10974,7 +11059,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -10993,7 +11078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -11001,7 +11086,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -11010,68 +11095,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "" "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" "business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "" "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -11079,28 +11164,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -11109,7 +11194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -11127,7 +11212,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -11136,7 +11221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -11149,7 +11234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -11159,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -11167,7 +11252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -11177,7 +11262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -11186,7 +11271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -11195,7 +11280,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -11207,7 +11292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -11219,7 +11304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -11227,14 +11312,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -11242,14 +11327,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -11257,7 +11342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -11266,14 +11351,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -11282,17 +11367,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -11305,34 +11390,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -11340,7 +11425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -11350,7 +11435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -11361,7 +11446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -11371,7 +11456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -11381,7 +11466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -11393,7 +11478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -11403,29 +11488,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -11433,28 +11518,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -11466,7 +11551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -11476,7 +11561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -11484,32 +11569,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "## OpenStax" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -11520,12 +11605,12 @@ msgstr "" "demanda y cursos de posicionamiento avanzado. Fundado en 2012 en los EUA." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" @@ -11534,17 +11619,17 @@ msgstr "" "por copias físicas (ventas de libros de texto)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Diciembre 16,2015" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "Entrevistado: David Harris, Editor en Jefe" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -11568,7 +11653,7 @@ msgstr "" "cualquier momento— sin costo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -11590,7 +11675,7 @@ msgstr "" "OpenStax College, ahora simplemente OpenStax." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -11614,7 +11699,7 @@ msgstr "" "fácil adopción por parte de los estudiantes y profesores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -11634,7 +11719,7 @@ msgstr "" "de ventas!" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -11643,8 +11728,8 @@ msgid "" "appealing. OpenStax encourages students to talk to their professor and " "librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use." msgstr "" -"Los libros de texto de OpenStax todos son licenciados con Attribution (CC BY)" -", y cada libro de texto esta disponible como PDF, e-book, o página web. " +"Los libros de texto de OpenStax todos son licenciados con Attribution (CC " +"BY), y cada libro de texto esta disponible como PDF, e-book, o página web. " "Aquellos que deseen una copia física pueden comprar uno por un precio " "asequible. Dado el costo de la educación y las deudas estudiantiles en Norte " "America, los libros sin costo o de bajo costo son muy atractivos. OpenStax " @@ -11652,7 +11737,7 @@ msgstr "" "acerca de estos libros de texto y que promuevan su uso." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -11668,7 +11753,7 @@ msgstr "" "adecúe a sus necesidades." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -11682,7 +11767,7 @@ msgstr "" "clave, y más." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -11697,7 +11782,7 @@ msgstr "" "sus libros de texto. 2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -11710,7 +11795,7 @@ msgstr "" "red extensiva de asociados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -11731,7 +11816,7 @@ msgstr "" "inversión filantrópica." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -11747,12 +11832,12 @@ msgstr "" "principal de OpenStax y agrega características de las cuales se pueda obtner " "ingresos. Por ejemplo, WebAssign, una herramienta de evaluación y tareas en " "linea, toma en libro de física y agrega problemas de física generados " -"algorítmicamente , con retroalimentación específica del problema, soluciones " +"algorítmicamente, con retroalimentación específica del problema, soluciones " "detalladas y un tutorial de apoyo. Los recursos de WebAssign estan " -"disponibles por una cuota." +"disponibles a los alumnos por una cuota." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -11771,7 +11856,7 @@ msgstr "" "Introducción a la Sociología 2da Ed, usando estos fondos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -11793,7 +11878,7 @@ msgstr "" "fuerza de ventas; sus participantes estan afuera mostrando sus materiales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -11808,7 +11893,7 @@ msgstr "" "compartir estos hallazgos con la comunidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -11829,7 +11914,7 @@ msgstr "" "corrientes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -11855,7 +11940,7 @@ msgstr "" "impresos es prácticamente del cien por ciento." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -11873,7 +11958,7 @@ msgstr "" "que sea razonable." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -11897,7 +11982,7 @@ msgstr "" "cero, un buen ejemplo es su libro de biología." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -11931,7 +12016,7 @@ msgstr "" "muy laborioso." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -11951,7 +12036,7 @@ msgstr "" "por adelantado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -11969,7 +12054,7 @@ msgstr "" "profesore el control y libertad académica." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -11990,7 +12075,7 @@ msgstr "" "compromiso y toma ventaja de las ineficiencias del mercado tradicional." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" @@ -12000,29 +12085,29 @@ msgstr "" "de su reciente material para la prensa:" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "Libros publicados: 23" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "Estudiantes que han usado OpenStax: 1.6 millones" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes: \\$ 155 millones" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" "Dinero ahorrado por los estudiantes en el ciclo académico 2016-17: \\$77 " "millones" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -12035,21 +12120,21 @@ msgstr "" "años y universidades, y 344 colegios y universidades fuera de los E.U.A.)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " "math (STEM) fields. Large scale adoption in the United States is seen as a " "necessary precursor to international interest." msgstr "" -"Mientras , hasta la fecha, OpenStax se ha enfoncado en los Estados Unidos , " -"allende hay adopción especialmente en los campos (STEM) de la ciencia, " -"tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas. La adopción a gran escala en los " -"Estados Unidos se ve como un precursor necesario para el interes " +"Si bien hasta ahora OpenStax se ha enfoncado en los Estados Unidos, fuera de " +"sus fronteras hay adopción especialmente en los campos de la ciencia, " +"tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas (STEM). La adopción a gran escala en " +"los Estados Unidos se ve como un precursor necesario para el interes " "internacional." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -12065,7 +12150,7 @@ msgstr "" "carrera de enfermería, por ejemplo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -12078,42 +12163,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Finalmente, para OpenStax el exito no es únicamente acerca de la adopción de " "sus libros de texto y los ahorros estudiantiles. Hay un aspecto humano en el " -"trabajo que es difícil de medir pero que es increíblemente importante. Se " -"reciben correos electrónicos de estudiante comentando cómo OpenStax los " -"salvo de tomar decisiones difíciles como comprar comida o un libro de texto. " -"OpenStax quisiera evaluar el impacto que sus libros tienen en la eficiencia " -"en el aprendizaje, la persistencia y la completitud. Al contruir un modelo " -"de negocios abierto basado en Creative Commons, OpenStax hace posible para " -"cada estudiante que quiere acceder a la educación , obtenerla." +"trabajo que es difícil de medir pero que es increíblemente importante. Han " +"recibido correos electrónicos de estudiantes comentando cómo OpenStax los ha " +"salvado de tomar decisiones difíciles, como elegir entre comprar comida o un " +"libro de texto. OpenStax quisiera evaluar el impacto que sus libros tienen " +"en la eficiencia en el aprendizaje, la persistencia y su terminación. Al " +"construir un modelo de negocios abierto basado en Creative Commons, OpenStax " +"hace posible para cada estudiante que quiere acceder a la educación, " +"alcanzarla." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 msgid "" "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "Amanda Palmer es música, artista, y escritora. Vive en los E.U.A." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -12124,12 +12210,12 @@ msgstr "" "cobros para versiones en vivo (performances), venta de mercancia" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Diciembre 15, 2015" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -12140,7 +12226,7 @@ msgstr "" "nuevas vias de continuar su trabajo creativo. 1" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -12154,7 +12240,7 @@ msgstr "" "haciendolo.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -12172,7 +12258,7 @@ msgstr "" "seguir haciendo arte.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -12200,7 +12286,7 @@ msgstr "" "haciendo arte.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -12220,7 +12306,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo que Amanda y the Dresden Dolls querían hacer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -12242,7 +12328,7 @@ msgstr "" "kickstarter de todos los tiempos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -12263,7 +12349,7 @@ msgstr "" "costo bajo la licencia Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -12297,7 +12383,7 @@ msgstr "" "NonCommercial fueron como hechas a la medida." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -12313,7 +12399,7 @@ msgstr "" "disfrute de la música, » dijo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -12330,7 +12416,7 @@ msgstr "" "habían estado en mi cosina,» escribió Amanda en The Art of Asking." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -12353,7 +12439,7 @@ msgstr "" "mismo,» escribió Amanda." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -12363,9 +12449,17 @@ msgid "" "truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for " "the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her." msgstr "" +"Otra parte de la conexión que sienten los fans con Amanada es cuanto saben " +"ellos de su vida. En vez de tratar de crear una imagen o un personaje " +"público, ella esencialmente vive su vida como un libro abierto. Ha escrito " +"públicamente acerca de evento personales increíbles en su vida, y ella no " +"esta atemorizada de estar vulnerable. Tener tal tipo de confianza en sus " +"fans—la confianza que toma ser verdaderamente honesto—geneta confianza en " +"retorno de sus fans. Cuando ella se reune con sus fans por primera vez " +"después de un espectáculo, ellos pueden sentir legitimamente que la conocen." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -12374,9 +12468,15 @@ msgid "" "otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " "vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" msgstr "" +"«Con los medios de interacción social en línea, estamos tan preocupados de " +"que la imágen sea aceptable y consumible que olvidamos que mostrarse " +"humano, exhibir los errores y exponer la vulnerabilidad ciertamente crea " +"una conexión más profunda que solo verse fantastica,» comentó Amanda.«Todo " +"en nuestra cultura nos dice lo contrario. Pero mi experiencia me ha mostrado " +"que el riesgo de hacerte vulnerable casi siempre vale la pena. »" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -12386,9 +12486,16 @@ msgid "" "her use of Creative Commons licenses. Because that is what you do with your " "friends—you share." msgstr "" +"Ella no solo descubre detalles íntimos de su vida a ellos, duerme en sus " +"sofás, escucha sus historias, llora con ellos. En corto, trata a sus fans " +"cómo amigos en casi todos los aspectos, incluso cuando sean completos " +"extraños. Esta mentalidad—que los fans son amigos—esta completamente " +"entrelazda con el exito de Amanda como artista. Esta también entretejida con " +"el uso de las licencias Creative Commons que hace ella. Porque eso es lo que " +"haces con los amigos—compartes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -12398,9 +12505,16 @@ msgid "" "from people who know and trust you. People who feel personally invested in " "your success." msgstr "" +"Despues de años de invertir tiempo y energía en construir confianza con sus " +"fans, ella tiene una relación con ellos para solicitar apoyo—a través de " +"donaciones paga-lo-que-quieras, Kickstarter, Patreon, e incluso pedirles que " +"den una mano en un concierto. Como Amanda lo explica, el financiamiento " +"comunitario ( que es realmente lo que todas estas diferentes opciones son) " +"es acerca de solicitar apoyo de la gente que te conoce y confía en tí. " +"Personas que se sienten involucradas en su exito." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -12408,9 +12522,15 @@ msgid "" "band encouraged people to dress up for their shows. They consciously " "cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" msgstr "" +"«Cuando confias en la gente, decidida y radicalmente, no solo te cuidan, se " +"vuelven tus aliados, tu familia,» ella escribió. Existe un sentimiento de " +"solidaridad dentro del núcleo de la base de fans. Desde el comienzo, Amanda " +"y su banda motivaron a las personas a preparase para asistir a sus " +"espectáculos. Ellos cultivaron conscientemente un sentimiento de pertenencia " +"a su «pequeña familia rara.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -12420,9 +12540,16 @@ msgid "" "them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to " "you.”" msgstr "" +"Este tipo de intimidad con los fans no es posible o incluso deseable para " +"cualquier creador. «No doy por hecho que yo sea el tipo de persona que guste " +"engancharse con extraños,» comentó Amanda. « Reconozco que no es " +"necesariamente la idea de un buen momento de cualquiera. Todos lo hacen " +"diferente. Repetir lo que hice no le funcionará a los demas si no es " +"placentero para ellos. Es acerca de encontrar un medio de canalizar energía " +"en una forma que sea placentera para tí.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -12435,9 +12562,19 @@ msgid "" "describes it as casting a net. It starts with the art and then the bond " "strengthens with human connection." msgstr "" +"Mientas Amanda interactúa placenteramente con sus fans y los involucra en su " +"trabajo tanto como sea posible, ella se guarda un trabajo principalmente " +"para sí misma—escribir música. Ella ama la creatividad con la que sus fans " +"usan y adaptan su trabajo, pero ella intencionalmente no los involucra en la " +"primer etapa de su trabajo artístico. Y, por supuesto, las canciones y la " +"música son lo que inicialmente atrajo a la gente hacia Amanda Palmer. Es " +"únicamente cuando se ha conectado con la gente a través de su música que " +"entonces ella comienza a vincularse con ellos en un nivel más personal, en " +"persona y en línea. En su libro, Amanda lo describe como crear una red. " +"Comineza con el arte y entonces el nexo se fortalece con la conexión humana." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -12446,9 +12583,16 @@ msgid "" "through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying end goal than having " "someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" msgstr "" +"Para Amanda, el punto de ser una artista es establecer y mantener esta " +"conexión. «Suena muy cursi,» dice ella,«pero mi experiencia en cuarenta años " +"en este planeta me ha señalado una verdad obvia—que las conexiones con seres " +"humanos se sienten mucho mejor y son más satisfactorias que acercarse al " +"arte a través de la óptica capitalista. No hay meta más satisfactoria que " +"tener alguien que te diga que lo que hace es genuinamente valioso para " +"ellos.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -12458,9 +12602,16 @@ msgid "" "artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " "help her, she lets them." msgstr "" +"Como ella explica, cuando un fan le da diez dolares, usualmente lo que ellos " +"dicen es que el dinero simboliza algun valor profundo que la música les " +"proporcionó. Para Amanda, el arte no es solo un producto; es una relación. " +"Visto desde esta óptica, lo que Amanda hace hoy no es tán diferente de lo " +"que hizo como una joven artista de la calle. Ella comparte su música y " +"otros obsequiso artísticos. Ella se comparte a sí misma. Y en vez de forzar " +"a la gente a ayudarla, los deja hacer." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 msgid "" "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" "uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" @@ -12468,42 +12619,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." "S." msgstr "" +"PLOS (Public Library of Science/Biblioteca pública de ciencia) es una " +"entidad sin ánimo de lucro que publica una biblioteca de revistas académicas " +"y otra literatura científica. Fundada en el 2000 en los E.U.A." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" +"modelo de ganacias: cobrar a los creadores de contenido un cargo por " +"procesamiento de autor para ser incluido en la revista" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Marzo 7, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Entrevistado: Louise Page, Editor" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -12517,9 +12673,22 @@ msgid "" "access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " "Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" +"La biblioteca pública de ciencia (PLOS) comenzó en el año 2000 cuando tres " +"científicos prominentes—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, y Michael Eisen—" +"empezaron una solicitud enlinea. Llamaron a los demás científicos a dejar de " +"enviar sus publicaciones a las revistas especializadas que no liberaran " +"inmediatamente o en los seis meses siguientes el texto completo de sus " +"publicaciones enviadas. Aunque decenas de miles firmaron la petición, la " +"mayoría no siguia adelante. En agosto del 2001, Patrick y Michael anunciaron " +"que ellos comenzarian su propia publicación sin ánimo de lucro para llevar a " +"cabo lo que la petición prometia. Con el financiamiento inicial de la " +"fundación Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS fue lanzado para " +"proporcionar publicaciones especializadas de acceso abierto para " +"biomedicina, con artículos de investigación que son sacados bajo licencias " +"Attribution (CC BY)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -12531,9 +12700,18 @@ msgid "" "fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or " "article." msgstr "" +"Tradicionalmente, las publicaciones académicas comienzan con un autor " +"enviando un manuscrito a un editor. Después de las consideraciones éticas y " +"técnicas internas, el artículo es revisado por pares para determinar si la " +"calidad del trabajo es aceptable para su publicación. Una vez aceptado, el " +"editor toma el artículo a través de un proceso de copia y edición, " +"transcripción, y eventualmente los publica impresos o enlinea. Los editores " +"tradicionales recuperan costos y ganan ingresos al cobrar una cuota por " +"suscripción a las bibliotecas o una cuota de acceso a los usuario que " +"quieran leer la revista especializada o un artículo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5822 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -12545,9 +12723,19 @@ msgid "" "research slows the dissemination of this research and advancement of the " "field. It was time for a new model." msgstr "" +"Para Louise Page, el actual editor de PLOS, este modelo tradicional resulta " +"en desigualdades. El acceso esta restringido para aquellos que pueden pagar. " +"La mayoría de la investigación esta financiada a través de instituciones " +"gubernamentales, esto es, con fondos públicos. Es injusto que el público que " +"financió la investigación se le requiera pagar nuevamente para acceder al " +"resultado. No todos pueden pagar las cuotas de subscripción siempre en " +"aumento, que los editores cobran, especialmente cuando los presupuestos de " +"las bibliotecas estan siendo reducidos. Restringir el acceso a los " +"resultados de las investigaciones científicas ralentizan la diseminación de " +"la investigación y avance del campo. Era tiempo para un nuevo modelo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -12559,9 +12747,20 @@ msgid "" "world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on " "publication." msgstr "" +"Ese nuevo modelo se conoció como acceso abierto. Esto es, disponibilidad " +"abierta y sin costo en la Internet. Los artículos de investigación con " +"acceso abierto no estan detrás de un acceso restringido por pago y no " +"requieren credenciales de acceso. Un beneficio fundamental del acceso " +"abierto es que le permite a la gente usar libremente, copiar, y distribuir " +"los artículos, en tanto sean publicados bajo una licencia Attribution (CC " +"BY) (la cual únicamente solicita al usuario dar la apropiada autoría ). Y " +"más importante, los creadores de políticas , profesionales clínicos de la " +"salud emprendedores, educadores, y los estudiantes alrededor del mundo " +"tienen acceso libre y en tiempo a la última investigación inmediatamente en " +"publicación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -12573,9 +12772,20 @@ msgid "" "billed upon acceptance for publishing. There are no additional charges based " "on word length, figures, or other elements." msgstr "" +"No obstante, el libre acceso requiere repensar el modelo de negocios de las " +"publicaciones de investigación. En vez de cobrar una cuota de subscripción " +"para acceder a la publicación especializada, PLOS decidió cambiar el modelo " +"completamente y cobrar una cuota de publicación, conocida como cobro por " +"procesamiento de artículo.Esta cuaota inicial, generalmente pagada por el " +"financiador de la investigación o la institución del autor, cubre los gastos " +"tales como supervisión editorial , gestión de la revisión por pares, " +"producción de la revista especializada, servicios de alojamiento enlinea, y " +"apoyo para el descubrimiento. Las cuotas son por artículo y son cobradas " +"cuando se acepta para publicación. No hay cargos adicionales basados en " +"logitud de palabras, figuras, u otros elementos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -12585,17 +12795,29 @@ msgid "" "publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " "\\$1,500." msgstr "" +"Calcular el cobro por procesamiento de artículo involucra tomar todos los " +"costos asociados con la publicación de una revista especializada y " +"determinar un costo por artículo que colectivamente recupere los costos. " +"Para las revistas especializadas de PLOS en biología, medicina, genética, " +"biología computacional, enfermedades tropicales descuidadas, y patógenos, el " +"cobro pro procesamiento por artículo va de \\$2,250 a \\$2,900. Los cobros " +"de publicación por artículo para PLOS ONE, una revista especializada que " +"comenzó en 2006, son debajo de los \\$1,500." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " "institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" +"PLOS cree que la falta de fondos no debería ser una barrera para la " +"publicación. Desde sus comienzos, PLOS ha dado apoyo a los individuos e " +"instituciones para ayudar a los autores que no pueden pagar los cargos por " +"procesamiento por artículo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -12611,9 +12833,25 @@ msgid "" "community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " "to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 +"Louise identifica la mercadotecnia como una de las áreas de gran diferencia " +"entre las editoriales de revistas especializadas tradicionales y PLOS. Las " +"revistas especializadas tradicionales tienen que invertir fuertemente en " +"staff, instalaciones, e infraestructura para vender su revista especializada " +"y convencer a los usuarios de suscribirse. Restringir el acceso a los " +"suscriptores significa que son necesarias herramientas de gestión de control " +"de accesos. Ellos gastan millones de dolares en sistemas de control de " +"accesos, personal para manejarlos, y equipos de ventas. Con las " +"publicaciones de acceso abierto de PLOS, no hay necesidad de esos gastos " +"masivos; los artículos son sin costo, abiertos, y accesibles para todos " +"desde la publicación. Adicionalmente, los editores tradicionales tienden a " +"gastar más en mercadear para las bibliotecas, quienes pagan las cuotas de " +"suscripción finalmente. PLOS provee un mejor servicio para los autores al " +"promover sus investigaciones directamente a la comunidad investigadora y " +"darles exposición a los autores. Y esto motiva a otros autores para enviar " +"su trabajo para publicación." + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -12622,17 +12860,27 @@ msgid "" "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" +"Para Louise, PLOS no podría existir sin la licencia Attribution (CC BY). " +"Esto hace muy claro que derechos estan asociados con el contenido y proveen " +"un medio seguro para los investigadores para hacer su trabajo disponible " +"mientras se aseguran de obtener reconocimiento por el mismo ( autoría " +"apropiada ). Para PLOS, todo esto se alinea con la idea que tienen acerca de " +"cómo debería ser publicado y difundido el contenido de investigación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " "repository and provide a data-availability statement." msgstr "" +"PLOS también tiene una política amplia de datos abiertos. Para que el paper " +"de investigación, los autores de PLOS también deben poner sus datos " +"disponibles en un repositorio público y proporcionar un declaración de " +"disponibilidad de datos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -12641,18 +12889,31 @@ msgid "" "notch. PLOS has to function as well as or better than other premier " "journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish." msgstr "" +"Los costos de operaciones asociados con el modelo de acceso abierto en gran " +"medida aún siguen el modelo de publicación existente. Las revistas " +"especializadas PLOS estan únicamente enlinea, pero la editorial, la revisión " +"por pares, la producción, transcripción y las etapas de publicación son " +"todas iguales que las de un editor tradicional. Los equipos editoriales " +"deben de ser de primer nivel. PLOS tiene que funcionar tan bien o mejor que " +"otras revistas especializadas prominentes, porque los investigadores tienen " +"opciones en donde publicar." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " "journal, and the prestige associated with it. PLOS journals rank high, even " "though they are relatively new." msgstr "" +"Los investigadores estan influenciados por las clasificaciones, las cuales " +"reflejan el lugar de la revista especializada en su campo, la relativa " +"dificultad de ser publicado en esa revista especializada, y el prestigio " +"asociado con ello. Las revistas especializadas PLOS se clasifican alto, " +"incluso cuando ellas son relativamente nuevas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -12661,9 +12922,16 @@ msgid "" "CC BY licensing of PLOS research articles ensures easy access for readers " "and generates more discovery and citations for authors." msgstr "" +"La posición y la promoción de los investigadores está parcialmente basada en " +"cuantas veces otros investigadores citen sus artículos. Louise dice que " +"cuando los investigadores quieren encontrar y leér el trabajo de otros en el " +"campo, van a un agregador enlinea o un motor de busquedas, y no tipicamente " +"a una revista especializada en particular. Los artículos de investigación de " +"PLOS licenciados bajo CC BY garantizan el fácil acceso a los lectores y " +"generan más descubrimientos y citas a los autores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -12671,9 +12939,15 @@ msgid "" "big impact. In 2012 to 2014, they published more open-access articles than " "BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else." msgstr "" +"Louise cree que el acceso abierto ha sido un gran éxito, progresando de un " +"movimiento llevado por un pequeño grupo de investigadores hacia algo que se " +"ha esparcido y es usado de alguna forma por las editoriales de revistas " +"especializadas. PLOS ha tenido un gran impacto. De 2012 a 2014, han " +"publicado más artículos de acceso abierto que BioMed Central, la editorial " +"de acceso abierto inicial, o que cualquiera." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -12695,26 +12969,58 @@ msgid "" "the value of the PLOS ONE model and are now offering their own " "multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science." msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5935 +"Posteriormente PLOS provocó una brusca ruptura en el modelo tradicional de " +"publicación de las revistas especializadas al crear el concepto de mega " +"revista especializada. La PLOS ONE megajournal, lanzada en 2006, es una " +"revista especializada académica de acceso abierto revisada por pares que es " +"mucho más extensa que una revista especializada tradicional, publicando " +"miles de artículos por año y beneficiandose de las economías de escala. PLOS " +"ONE tiene un enfoque amplio, cubriendo medicina y ciencia asi como ciencias " +"sociales y humanidades. La revisión y el proceso editorial es menos " +"subjetivo. Los artículos son aceptados para su publicación basandose en su " +"solidez técnica en vez de la percepción de relevancia o importancia. Esto es " +"muy importante en el debate actual acerca de la integridad y la " +"reproducibilidad de las investigaciones porque los resultados nulos o " +"negativos pueden ser publicados también, lo cual es generalmente rechazado " +"por la revistas especializadas tradicionales. PLOS ONE, como todas las " +"revistas especializadas PLOS, es únicamente enlinea sin versión impresa. " +"PLOS transfiere los ahorros financieros obtenidos de las economías de escala " +"a los investigadores y el público al reducir los costos por procesamiento de " +"artículos, que son inferiores a los de otras revistas. PLOS ONE es la " +"revista especializada más grande en el mundo y realmente ha puesto el " +"estándar para las publicaciones académicas de revistas especializadas a gran " +"escala. Otros editores han visto el valor del modelo PLOS ONE y están " +"ofreciendo sus propios foros multidisciplinarios para la publicación de todo " +"lo referente a la ciencia." + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " "be adjusted to change current practice." msgstr "" +"Louise esbozo algunos otros aspectos del modelo de negocios PLOS que las " +"revistas especializadas de investigación están experimentando, " +"describiendolos como un tipo de deslizador que puede ser ajustado para " +"cambiar la práctica actual." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " "there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of " "articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes." msgstr "" +"Un deslizador es el tiempo de publicación. El tiempo de publicación puede " +"ser reducido cuando las revistas especializadas se vuelven mejores al " +"proveer rapidamente sus decisiones a los autores. Aunque, siempre existe un " +"tema con la escala, mientras más grande sea el volumen de los artículos, " +"más tiempo requerirá inevitablemente el tiempo de aprobación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -12726,18 +13032,33 @@ msgid "" "public. An open-review process can also ensure everyone gets credit; right " "now, credit is limited to the publisher and author." msgstr "" +"La revisión por pares es otra parte del proceso que puede cambiar. Es " +"posible redefinir que es realmente la revisión por pares. cuando revisar, y " +"qué constituye el artículo final para publicación. Louise comentó acerca de " +"la capacidad para cambiar a un proceso de revisión abierta, poniendo el " +"énfasis en la transparencia en vez de revisiones de doble-ciego. Louise " +"piensa que nos estamos moviendo hacia una dirección donde es cientamente " +"benéfico para el autor saber quien esta revisando su paper y por el revisor " +"saber que su revisión será publicada. Un proceso de revisión abierta también " +"puede asegurar a todos obtener credito; en este momento, los créditos están " +"limitados al autor y la editorial." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " "outcomes, we’d learn from what didn’t work. It could also reduce how much " "the research wheel gets reinvented around the world." msgstr "" +"Louise comenta que los investigadores con resultados negativos son casi tan " +"importantes como los resultados positivos. Si las revistas especializadas " +"publicaran más investigaciones con resultados negativos, aprenderiamos de lo " +"que no funcionó. También podría disminuír la cantidad de veces que la rueda " +"de la investigación se reinventa alrededor del mundo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -12754,9 +13075,26 @@ msgid "" "challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on " "preprints." msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5978 +"Otra práctica ajustable es la distribución de artículos en las etapas " +"iniciales de preimpresión. La publicación de la investigación en una revista " +"especializada con revisión por pares puede tomar mucho tiempo porque los " +"artículos deben de pasar por por una revisión por pares extensiva. La " +"necesidad de hacer circular rápidamente los resultados actuales dentro de " +"una comunidad científica ha llevado a la práctica de distribución de " +"documentos preprint que todavía no han pasado por la revisión por pares. " +"Los documentos preprint amplian el proceso de revisión por pares, " +"permitiendo a los autores recibir realimentación temprana de un amplio grupo " +"de pares, los cuales pueden ayudar a revisar y preparar el artículo para su " +"envio. Balancear las ventajas de los preprints son las preocupaciones de los " +"autores por encima de garantizar su primacía al ser los primeros en mostrar " +"resultados basados en su investigación. Otros investigadores pueden ver " +"hallazgos que los autores del preprint no han pensado todavía. De todas " +"maneras, los preprints ayudan a los investigadores muestran sus " +"descubrimientos temprano y establecen precedencia. Un gran desafío es que " +"los investigadores no tienen mucho tiempo para comentar los preprints." + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -12766,9 +13104,17 @@ msgid "" "these changes the current form factor for what constitutes a research " "article would undergo transformation." msgstr "" +"Lo que constituye un artículo de revista especializada puede cambiar. La " +"idea de un artículo de investigación impreso, listo, y en un estante de " +"biblioteca es obsoleta. La disponibilidad digital y enlinea abren nuevas " +"posibilidades, tales como un documento viviente que evoluciona a través del " +"tiempo, la inclusión del audio y del video, e interactividad, como " +"discusiones y recomendaciones. Con estos cambios el actual factor de forma " +"para lo que constituye un artículo de investigación sufriría " +"transformaciones." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -12781,9 +13127,21 @@ msgid "" "could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, " "including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" +"Mientras las revistas especializadas crecen, y nuevas revistas " +"especializadas son introducidas, más y más información es empujada a los " +"lectores; haciendo a la experiencia como beber de una manguera contra " +"incendios. Para ayudar a mitigar esto, PLOS agrega y cura el contenido de " +"las revistas especializadas PLOS y de su red de blogs. 1 También ofrece algo " +"llamado métricas artículo-nivel, las que ayudan al usuario a evaluar las " +"investigaciones más relevantes para el campo mísmo, basadas en indicadores " +"como uso, citas, marcadores sociales y diseminación de la actividad, medios " +"y cubrimiento por blogs, discusiones, e índices de audiencias. 2 Louise cree " +"que el modelo de revista especializada puede evolucionar para proveer una " +"experiencia de uso más amigable e interactiva, incluyendo una via para los " +"lectores para comunicarse con los autores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -12793,9 +13151,17 @@ msgid "" "exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors " "and readers who are open to experimentation." msgstr "" +"El panorama general para PLOS en el futiro es combinar y ajustar estas " +"prácticas experimentales de manera que continúen mejorando el acceso y la " +"difusión de la investigación, mientras asegura su integridad y fiabilidad. " +"La forma en que se entrelazan es compleja. El proceso de cambio y ajuste es " +"no lineal. PLOS se ve a sí mismo como una editorial muy flexible interesada " +"en explorar todas las permutaciones que pueda haber entre investigador-" +"editorial, con autores y lectores quienes estan abiertos a la " +"experimentación." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -12805,32 +13171,43 @@ msgid "" "million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with " "more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free." msgstr "" +"Para PLOS, el éxito no se refiere a las ganancias. El éxito es probar que la " +"investigación científica puede ser comunicada rápida y económicamente a " +"escala, para el beneficio de los investigadores y la sociedad. La licencia " +"CC BY hace posible para PLOS publicar de una manera sin restricciones, " +"abierta, y rápida, mietras asegura que los autores obtengan el " +"reconocimiento por su trabajo. Más de dos millones de científicos, erúditos, " +"y especialistas profesionales de la salud visitan PLOS cada mes, con más de " +"135,000 articulos de calidad para su lectura sin costo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " "science." msgstr "" +"En última instancia, para PLOS, sus autores y sus lectores, el éxito " +"consiste en hacer que la investigación sea visible, disponible y " +"reproducible para el avance de la ciencia." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "## Rijksmuseum" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" @@ -12839,30 +13216,27 @@ msgstr "" "historia. Fundado en 1800 en Holanda (Países Bajos)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "www.rijksmuseum.nl" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025 +#, fuzzy msgid "" -"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" +"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version " +"(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" "Modelo de ingresos: subvenciones y financiamiento gubernamental, cobro de " "entrada" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 -msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" -msgstr "(admisión al museo), venta de mercancías" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 11 de diciembre, 2015" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" @@ -12871,7 +13245,7 @@ msgstr "" "sobre Colecciones" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -12901,7 +13275,7 @@ msgstr "" "modelo para el museo, más abierto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -12929,7 +13303,7 @@ msgstr "" "un catálogo de fichas de toda la colección en línea." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -12947,7 +13321,7 @@ msgstr "" "toda la colección en línea?" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -12973,7 +13347,7 @@ msgstr "" "debería seguir el ejemplo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -12998,7 +13372,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolar." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -13026,7 +13400,7 @@ msgstr "" "hacer." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -13048,7 +13422,7 @@ msgstr "" "objetivo de eventualmente tener toda la colección en Internet." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -13076,7 +13450,7 @@ msgstr "" "que la gente quiere verla en la vida real visitando de hecho el museo real." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -13093,7 +13467,7 @@ msgstr "" "una forma de generar ingresos, incluso para el Rijksmuseum." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -13119,7 +13493,7 @@ msgstr "" "proviene la imagen y esto incrementa la visibilidad del Museo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -13136,7 +13510,7 @@ msgstr "" "pueden utilizar y hacer varias cosas con la colección del Rijksmuseum.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -13158,7 +13532,7 @@ msgstr "" "quieran, para fines privados o incluso comerciales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -13172,7 +13546,7 @@ msgstr "" "escolares." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -13194,7 +13568,7 @@ msgstr "" "público, pero dentro de los límites establecidos por los artistas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6187 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -13216,7 +13590,7 @@ msgstr "" "\"El cisne amenazado\".3" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -13246,7 +13620,7 @@ msgstr "" "internacional del Premio Rijksstudio comenzó en septiembre de 2016." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -13258,7 +13632,7 @@ msgstr "" "usuarios puedan interactuar más entre sí." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -13275,7 +13649,7 @@ msgstr "" "mil visitas." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -13301,7 +13675,7 @@ msgstr "" "pintura." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -13337,22 +13711,22 @@ msgstr "" "generosidad hace que la gente esté feliz de acompañarte y ayudarte.\"" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" "en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" @@ -13363,47 +13737,51 @@ msgstr "" "rijksstudio-award-2015" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" "creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" +"Shareable es una revista enlinea acerca de compartir. Fundada en 2009 en los " +"E.U.A." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" +"Modelo de ingresos: subsidios, financiamiento comunitario ( basado en " +"proyectos), donaciones, patrocinios" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: Febrero 24, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Entrevistado: Neal Gorenflo, cofundador y editor ejecutivo" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -13414,9 +13792,19 @@ msgid "" "advocate for them. The magazine faced a choice: ride the wave or stand on " "principle." msgstr "" +"En el 2013, Shareable enfrentó a un impasse. La publicación enlinea sin " +"ánimo de lucro había ayudado a comenzar un movimiento colaborativo en los " +"cuatro años anteriores, pero durante el tiempo, observaron que una parte del " +"movimiento es alejaba de sus ideales. Mientras gigantes como Uber y Airnbnb " +"ganaban terreno, la atención comenzó a centrarse en la «economía " +"colaborativa» que conocemos ahora—dirigida por la ganancia, transaccional, y " +"cargado con dinero de capital de riesgo. Los líderes de las start-ups " +"corporativas en este dominio invitaron a Shareable a abogar por ellos. La " +"revista enfrentó una elección: seguir la corriente o mantenerse en sus " +"principios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -13427,9 +13815,18 @@ msgid "" "more. He wrote, “It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is dead, " "it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" msgstr "" +"Como organización, Shareable decidió establecer su posición. En 2013, el " +"cofundador y editor ejecutivo Neal Gorenflo escribió una opinión en el " +"PandoDaily que dibujó la nueva actitúd crítica de Shareable acerca de la " +"versión del Silicon Valley de la economía colaborativa, mientras la " +"constrastó con los aspectos de la verdadera economía colaborativa como el " +"software de código abierto, presupuesto participativo (donde los ciudadanos " +"deciden cómo un presupuesto público es gastado), cooperativas, y más. " +"Escribió, «No es tanto de que el consumo colaborativo esté muerto, es más " +"acerca del riesgo de morir mientras es absorbido por los «Borg».»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -13438,9 +13835,15 @@ msgid "" "small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been able to weather " "the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" msgstr "" +"Neal dice que su crítica pública de la economía colaborativa corporativa " +"definió lo que Shareable era y es. El piensa que la revista no estaría en el " +"circuito todavía de haber escogido diferente. «Habríamos obtenido una " +"audiencia diferente, pero eso hubiera conjurado nuestro fin,» comento.«Somo " +"una oranización pequeña, conducidad por una misión. Nunca hubieramos sido " +"capaces de soportar las críticas que Airbnb y Uber estan teniendo ahora.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -13451,9 +13854,18 @@ msgid "" "magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to " "grow their audience." msgstr "" +"Interesantemente, los seguidores desapasionados son sólo una pequeña " +"porción de la audiencia total de Shareable. La mayoría son lectores " +"ocasionales quienes vienen a través de una historia de Shareable porque " +"ocurre que se alinea con un proyecto o interés que que ellos tengan. Pero " +"escoger principios por encima de la posibilidad de montarse de los grandes " +"corporativos en el espacio colaborativo salvó a Shareable. A pesar de que " +"ellos se separaron de la economía colaborativa corporativa, la revista " +"enlinea se volvió la voz de la «verdadera economía colaborativa» y continuo " +"creciendo su audiencia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -13464,9 +13876,18 @@ msgid "" "central to solving some of the major problems human beings face—resource " "inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" +"Shareable es una revista, pero el contenido que publican es un medio para " +"promover su rol como líder y catalizador del movimiento. Shareable se volvió " +"líder en el movimiento en 2009. « En esos momentos, había un movimiento " +"colaborativo burbujeando debajo de la superficie, pero nadie estaba uniendo " +"los puntos,» dijo Neal. «Decidimos entrar en ese espacio y tomar ese rol.» " +"El pequeño equipo detras de la publicación sin ánimo delucro verdaderamente " +"creyo que la colaboración podría ser una solución central para resolver " +"algunos de los grandes problemas que los seres humanos enfrentan—desigualdad " +"de recursos, aislamientos sociales, y calentamiento global." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -13477,9 +13898,18 @@ msgid "" "They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make " "changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" +"Han trabajado duro para hallar vias para contar historias que exhiban " +"diferentes medidas para triunfar. «Queríamos cambiar la noción de lo que " +"constituye la buena vida,» comentó Neal. Mientras habían comenzado con una " +"visión muy amplia acerca de la colaboración en general, hoy enfatizan " +"historias acerca los bienes púbicos como «ciudades colaborativas» (i.e., " +"áreas urbanas gestionadas de manera sostenible y cooperativa), asi como " +"también plataformas digitales que se manejan democraticamente. " +"Particularmente ellos se enfocan en contenido cómo-hacer que ayude a sus " +"lectores a realizar cambios en sus propias vidas y comunidades." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -13493,9 +13923,21 @@ msgid "" "stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed with " "Creative Commons." msgstr "" +"Más de la mitad de las historias en Shareable son escritas por periodístas " +"que son contratados por la revista.«Particularmente en áreas cuyo contenido " +"sea una prioridad para nosotros, ciertamente queremos ír profundo y " +"controlar la calidad,» dijo Neal. El resto del contenido es contribución de " +"los escritores invitados, a menudo de forma gratuita, o escrito por otras " +"publicaciones de su red de editoriales de contenido. Shareable es un miembro " +"del Post Growth Alliance, el cuál facilita el intercambio de contenido y " +"audiencias entr un gran y creciente grupo mayoritario de entidades sin ánimo " +"de lucro. Cada organización tiene oportunidad de presentar historias al " +"grupo, y las organizaciones pueden usar y promover las historias de cada " +"uno. Mucho del contenido creado por la red es licenciado con Creative " +"Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -13508,9 +13950,21 @@ msgid "" "It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of " "the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" msgstr "" +"Todo el contenido original de Shareable es publicado bajo la licencia " +"Attibution (CC BY), lo que significa que puede ser usado para cualquier " +"propósito en tanto de los créditos a Shareable. El licenciamiento con " +"Creative Commons está alineado con la visión de Shareable, misión, e " +"identidad. Eso explica la aceptación de la organización de las licencias " +"para su contenido, pero Neal también cree que el licenciamiento CC los ayuda " +"a incrementar su alcance. «Al usar el licenciamiento CC,» comenta, «nos " +"dimos cuenta de que podriamos alcanzar muchas más gente a través de una red " +"formal e informal de republicadores o afiliados. Eso definitivamente ha sido " +"el caso. Es difícil para nosotros medir el alcance de otras propiedades de " +"los medios, pero la mayoría de los medios que republican nuestro trabajo " +"tienen audiencias más grandes que las nuestras.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -13520,18 +13974,31 @@ msgid "" "Policies for Shareable Cities—are two of the biggest generators of traffic " "on their website." msgstr "" +"Adicionalmente a sus noticias regulares y comentarios enlinea, Shareable " +"también ha experimentado con la publicación de libros. En 2012, trabajaron " +"con un editor tradicional para sacar el libro Share or Die: Voices of the " +"Get Lost Generation in an Age of Crisis. El libro licenciado bajo CC estuvo " +"disponible para su compra en formato impreso o enlinea sin costo. Hasta " +"este dia, el libro—junto con su guía licenciada bajo CC Policies for " +"Shareable Cities—son dos de los mayores generadores de tráfico en su sitio " +"web." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " "a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer " "the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns." msgstr "" +"En 2016, Shareable auto-publicó un libro de cuidadas y trabajadas historias " +"de Shareable titulado How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. El libro " +"estaba disponible para su vente, pero una versión en formato PDF del libro " +"estuvo disponible sin costo. Shareable planea ofrecer el libro en las " +"siguientes campañas de recaudación de fondos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -13541,9 +14008,17 @@ msgid "" "hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully " "community-supported will better represent their vision of the world." msgstr "" +"Este libro reciente es uno de muchos experimentos de recaudación de fondos " +"que Shareable ha conducido en los años recientes. Actualmente, Shareable es " +"financiado principalmente por donaciones de fundaciones, pero se estan " +"moviendo activamente hacia un modelo más diversificado. Tienen promotores en " +"la organización y están trabajando para ampliar su base de donadores " +"individuales. Idealmente, serán financiados eventualemente al ciento " +"porciento por su audiencia. Neal cree que ser totalmente financiados por la " +"comunidad representará mejor su visión del mundo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -13555,9 +14030,18 @@ msgid "" "look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek " "the comfort of hearth and home.”" msgstr "" +"Para Shareable, el éxito es mucho acerca de su impacto en el mundo. Esto es " +"ciento para Neal, pero también para cualquiera que trabaje para Shareable. « " +"Atraemos gente apasionada,» comentó Neal. Alguna veces, eso significa que " +"los empleados trabajan tan duro que se consumen. Neal intenta hacer hincapié " +"al equipo de Shareable que otra parte del éxito es divertirse y cuidarse " +"mientras haces algo que te apasiona. «Una parte central de ser humanos es " +"que estamos en una gran aventura con gente que amamos,» dijo. «Somos una " +"especie que observa sobre el horizonte e imagina y crea nuevos mundos, pero " +"también buscamos el bienestar del hogar y el corazón.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -13567,9 +14051,18 @@ msgid "" "their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, " "but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" +"En 2013m Shareable comenzó su primera campaña de financiamiento comunitario " +"para lanzar su Sharing Cities Network < Red de Ciudades Colaborativas>. Neal " +"comentó que al principio estaban preparados para fallar espectacularmente. " +"Llamaron a sus asesores en pánico y solicitaron ayuda. El consejo que " +"recibieron fue simple—«Sienta tú trasero en una silla y empieza a realizar " +"llamadas.» Eso fue exactamente lo que hicieron, y terminaron alcanzando su " +"meta de \\$50,000. Neal dijo que la campaña los ayudó para alcanzar nuevas " +"personas, pero que la vasta mayoría de los participantes fue gente de su " +"base existente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -13577,9 +14070,13 @@ msgid "" "also invested resources into building relationships between their readers " "and supporters." msgstr "" +"Para Neal, esto simboliza como gran parte del exito se debe a las " +"relaciones. Durante el tiempo, Shareable ha invertido tiempo y energía en " +"las relaciones que han forjado con sus lectores y seguidores. Han invertido " +"recursos en construir relaciones entre sus lectores y seguidores." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -13595,51 +14092,72 @@ msgid "" "will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their " "network to implement." msgstr "" +"Shareable comenzó a realizar eventos en 2010. Estos eventos fueron " +"designados para traer a la comunidad colaborativa junta. Pero durante el " +"tiempo se dieron cuenta que podrían alcanzar mucha más gente si ellos " +"ayudaban a sus lectores a realizar sus propios eventos. «Si quisieramos ir " +"en grande en una conferencia, había un gran riesgo y grandes necesidades de " +"personal, además sólo una fracción de nuestra comunidad podría viajar al " +"evento,» comentó Neal. Ayudar a otros para crear sus propios eventos " +"alrededor del mundo les permitió incrementar su trabajo más efectivamente y " +"alcanzar a mucha más getnte. Shearable catalizó trescientos eventos " +"diferentes alcanzando más de veinte mil personas desde que implementó esta " +"estrategia hace tres años. Siguiendo adelante, Shareable está enfocando a la " +"red en crear y distribuir contenido destinado a estimular la acción local. " +"Por ejemplo, Shareable publicará un nuevo libro bajo licencia CC en 2017 " +"lleno de ideas para que las implemente su red." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" "fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the " "ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" +"Neal comentó que Shareable accidentalmente descubrió esta estrategia, pero " +"parece que encapsula perfectamente como se supone que deben de trabajar los " +"bienes comunes. En vez de tener un acercamiento único, Shareable pone las " +"herramientas al alcance de la gente para que tome las ideas y las adapte a " +"sus propias comunidades." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " "Africa." msgstr "" +"Siyavula es una compañía tecnológica educativa que crea libros de texto e " +"integra experiencias de aprendizaje. Fundada en 2012 en Sudafrica." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Modelo de ingresos: cargos por servicios personalizados, patrocinios" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: Abril 5, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Entrevistado: Mark Horner, CEO" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -13647,18 +14165,28 @@ msgid "" "been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and " "science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa." msgstr "" +"La franqueza es un valor principal para Siyavula. Ellos creen que cualquier " +"estudiante y maestrodebería tener acceso a recursos educativos de alta " +"calidad, ya que estos forman la base para un crecimiento y desarrollo " +"prolongado. Siyavula ha sido pionero en crear libros de texto de alta " +"calidad en temas de matemática y ciencia para los grados 4 al 12 en " +"Sudáfrica." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " "times. Siyavula has significantly shifted directions and strategies to " "survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic." msgstr "" +"En terminos de crear un un modelo de negocios abierto que involucre Creative " +"Commons, Siyavula—y su fundador, Mark Horner— han tenido alguna experiencia. " +"Siyavula ha cambiado significativamente su dirección y estrategia para " +"sobrevivir y prosperar. Mark dice que ha sido muy orgánico." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -13666,9 +14194,16 @@ msgid "" "to high-quality, comprehensive science and math textbooks, so Mark and his " "colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available." msgstr "" +"Todo comenzó en 2002, cuando Mark y varios colegas en la Universidad del " +"Cabo en Sudáfrica fundaron el proyecto libre de libros de texto de ciencias " +"para nivel medio superior . La " +"mayoría de los estudiantes en el nivel medio superior de Sudáfrica no tenían " +"acceso a libros de texto exhaustivos de alta calidad de matemáticas y " +"ciencias, asi que Mark y sus colegas se dieron a la tarea de editarlos y " +"ponerlos disponibles libremente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -13677,9 +14212,16 @@ msgid "" "books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts " "project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12." msgstr "" +"Como físicos, Mark y sus colegas eran partidarios del software de código " +"abierto. Para hacer a los libros abiertos y gratuitos, adoptaron la licencia " +"GNU de documentación libre de la Free Software Foundation.1 Escogieron " +"LaTeX, un programa de composición de texto usado para publicar documentos " +"científicos, para escribir los libros. Durante un periodo de cinco años, el " +"proyecto de libros de texto libres para nivel medio superior produjo libros " +"de matemáticas y ciencias físicas para los grados 10 al 12." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -13687,18 +14229,30 @@ msgid "" "the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and " "Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment." msgstr "" +"En 2007, la fundación Shuttleworth ofreció apoyo financiero para hacer a los " +"libros de texto disponibles para su uso de prueba en más escuelas. Las " +"encuestas realizadas antes y después de que los libros de texto fueran " +"adapotados mostraron que no había señalamientos substanciales acerca del " +"contenido pedagógico de los libros de texto. Esto agradó tanto a los autores " +"como a la fundación Shuttlewoth; Mark continúa sintiendo profundo orgullo de " +"este logro." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " "the printing and distribution options. A few sponsors came on board but not " "enough to meet the need." msgstr "" +"Pero el desarrollo de nuevos libros de texto se congeló en esta etapa. Mark " +"cambió su interés hacia las escuelas rurales, quienes no tenían ningun libro " +"de texto en absoluto, y buscó las opciones de impresión y distribución. " +"Algunos promotores se unieron pero no los necesarios para cubrir las " +"necesidades." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -13707,9 +14261,17 @@ msgid "" "grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content " "for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula." msgstr "" +"En 2007, Shuttleworth y el instituto Open Society reunieron a un grupo de " +"activistas de la educación abierta para una reunión pequeña pero vivida en " +"ciudad del Cabo. Uno de los resultados fue la declaración de educación " +"abierta de la ciudad del Cabo, una declaración de principios, estrategias, y " +"compromisos para ayudar al movimiento de educación abierta para crecer. 2 " +"Shuttleworth también invitó a Mark para comenzar un proyecto escribiendo " +"contenido abierto para todos los temas del K-12 en inglés. Ese proyecto se " +"volvió Siyavula." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -13717,9 +14279,15 @@ msgid "" "was struck, and all the acquired content was licensed with Creative Commons, " "significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books." msgstr "" +"Escribieron seis libros de texto iniciales. Una pequeña compañía editorial " +"ofreció a Shuttleworth la opción de comprar el contenido K-9 existente de la " +"editorial para cada tema en las escuela sudafricanas tanto en inglés como en " +"afrikaans. Se logró un acuerdo, y todos el contenido adquirido fue " +"licenciado con Creative Commons, ampliando significativamente la colección " +"mas allá de los seis libros iniciales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -13733,9 +14301,21 @@ msgid "" "resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " "share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" +"Mark quería generar la curricula pendiente de manera colaborativa a través " +"de comunidades de práctica—esto es, con compañeros educadores y escritores. " +"A pesar de que compartir es fundamental para la enseñanza, pueden existir " +"algunos desafíos cuando se crean recursos educativos colectivamente. Un " +"aspecto es el legal. Es una práctica estándar en educación copiar diagramas " +"y fragmentos de un texto, por supuesto esto no siempre cumple con la " +"legislación del copyright. Otro aspecto es la transparencia. Compartir lo " +"que has generado significa que cualquiera puede verlo y te expone a las " +"críticas. Para aliviar estas preocupaciones, Mark adoptó un acercamiento en " +"forma de equipo para crear e insistió que la curricula estuviera basada " +"enteramente en recursos bajo licencias Creative Commons, asegurandose que de " +"esa manera estarían seguros para compartir y libres de repercusiones legales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -13744,18 +14324,30 @@ msgid "" "Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved " "to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited." msgstr "" +"Mark no solo quería que los recursos se pudieran compartir, quería que todos " +"los maestros fueran capaced de editar y combinar el contenido. Mark y su " +"equipo tuvieron que proporcionar un formato abierto editable y herramientas " +"para la edición. Terminaron colocando todos los libros que habían adquirido " +"y creado en una plataforma llamada Connexions.3 Siyavula entrenó a varios " +"maestros para usar Connexions, pero probo ser demasiado complejo y los " +"libros de texto rara vez fueron editados." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " "Siyavula). As part of that transition in 2009–10, Mark inherited Siyavula as " "an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow." msgstr "" +"Entonces la fundación Shuttleworth decidió restructurar completamente su " +"trabajo como fundación en un modelo de tutorías ( por razones completamente " +"sin relación con Siyavula ). Como parte de esa transición en 2009–10, Mark " +"heredó Siyavula como una entidad independiente y tomó posesión de esta como " +"un fellow de Shuttleworth." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -13764,9 +14356,16 @@ msgid "" "aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really " "panned out." msgstr "" +"Mark y su equipo experimentaron con varias estrategias diferentes. " +"Intentaron crear una plataforma de almacenamiento y creación llamada Full " +"Marks de tal manera que los maestros pudieran compartir elementos de " +"evaluación. Intentaron crear un servicio llamado Open Press, donde los " +"maestros pudieran perguntar por recursos educativos abiertos para ser " +"agregados en un paquete e impreso para ellos. Estos servicios nunca " +"funcionaron realmente." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -13774,9 +14373,15 @@ msgid "" "in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by " "open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity." msgstr "" +"Entonces el gobierno de Sudáfrica se acerco a Siyavula con el interés de " +"imprimir los seis libros libres de text de ciencias para nivel medio " +"superior (libros de texto de matemáticas y ciencias–física para los grados " +"10 a 12) para todos los estudiantes de medio-superior en Sudáfrica. Aunque " +"en este punto Siyavula estaba un poco decepcionado de los recursos " +"educativos abiertos, vieron esto como una gran oportunidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -13785,9 +14390,16 @@ msgid "" "make the books available on their website, making it possible for learners " "to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone." msgstr "" +"Comenzaron a pensar de los seis libros que tenían un potencial masívo de " +"mercadeo para Siyavula. Imprimir los libros de Siyavula para cada niño en " +"Sudáfrica le daría a su marca una amplía exposición y podría dirigir grandes " +"cantidades de tráfico a sus sitios web. Además de imprimir libros, Siyavula " +"también podría poner sus libros disponibles en sus sitios web, haciendo " +"posible para los estudiantes tener acceso a ellos usando cualquier " +"dispositivo—computadora, tableta, o teléfono móvil." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -13799,18 +14411,33 @@ msgid "" "individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent " "Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks." msgstr "" +"Mark y su equipo comenzaron a imaginar qué podrían desarrollar más alla de " +"lo que estuviera en los libros de texto como un servicio por el que se " +"pudiera cobrar. Algo fundamental que no puedes hacer bien en un libro de " +"texto impreso es demostrar soluciones. Tipicamente, una solución en una " +"línea es dada al final del libro pero nada del proceso para llegar a esa " +"solución. Mark y su equipo desarrollaron materiales de práctica y soluciones " +"detalladas, dando a los estudiantes amplias oportunidades para prácticar lo " +"que hubieran aprendido. Además, unu algoritmo podría adaptar estos " +"materiales de práctica a las necesidades individuales de cada estudiante. " +"Llamaron a este servicio Intelligent Practice y agregaron vínculos a el " +"dentro de los libros de texto abiertos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " "for large volumes and wide-scale use rather than an expensive product " "targeting only the high end of the market." msgstr "" +"El costo por usar Intelligent Practice se fijó muy bajo, haciendolo " +"accesible incluso para aquellos con limitados medios financieros. Siyavula " +"iba por grandes volúmenes y amplio uso en vez de un producto costoso " +"dirigido únicamente a la parte más alta del mercado." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -13819,9 +14446,16 @@ msgid "" "using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent " "Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners." msgstr "" +"El gobierno distribuyó los libros a 1.5 millones de estudiantes, pero hubo " +"un hecho inesperado: los libros fueron distribuidos tarde. En vez de " +"esperar, las escuelas que los podían adquirir les dieron a los estudiantes " +"un libro de texto diferente. Los libros de Siyavula eventualmente se " +"distribuyeron, pero con las escuelas adineradas usando un libro diferente, " +"el mercado primario para el servicio Intelligent Practice de Siyavula " +"involuntariamente se volvió los estudiantes de bajos ingresos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -13830,9 +14464,16 @@ msgid "" "math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " "was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." msgstr "" +"El sitio de Siyavula contempló un dramático incremento en su tráfico. " +"Tuvieron quinientos mil visitantes por mes a su sitio de matemáticas y la " +"misma cantidad para su sitio de ciencias. Dos quintos del tráfico estaban " +"leyendo en un «teléfono básico» (teléfono móvil de características limitadas " +"). Las personas con teléfonos básicos leían matemáticas y ciencia en una " +"pantalla de dos pulgadas durante todo el día. Para Mark, era bastante " +"sorprendente y hablaba de una necesidad de lo que estaban atendiendo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -13841,18 +14482,29 @@ msgid "" "about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, " "and what the barriers to entry are." msgstr "" +"Al principio, el servicio de Intelligent Practice podía ser pagado " +"únicamente usando una tarjeta de crédito. Esto demostró ser problemático, " +"especialmente para aquellos en el sector demográfico de bajos ingresos, " +"donde las tarjetas de crédito no son predominantes. Mark comenta que " +"Siyavula tuvo una dura lección de modelo de negocios tempranamente. Como él " +"lo describe, no es acerca del producto, sino de cómo lo vendes, quién es el " +"mercado, cuál es el precio, y que barreras para acceder hay." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " "where you can offer a related service and convert some people into a paid " "customer." msgstr "" +"Mark describe esto como la primera versión del modelo de negocios de " +"Siyavula: libros de texto abiertos funcionando como material de " +"mercadotecnia y dirigiendo tráfico a ti sitio, donde puede ofrecer un " +"servicio relacionado y convertir algunas personas en clientes de pago." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -13861,9 +14513,15 @@ msgid "" "contrasts this with traditional publishers who charge over and over again " "for the same content without adding value." msgstr "" +"Para Mark una decisión clave para el negocio de Siyavula fue enfocarse en " +"cómo pueden agregar valor por encima de sus servicios básicos. Ellos " +"cobrarán únicamente si están agregando valor único. El contenido presente en " +"los libros de texto no es único, entonces Siyavula no ve ningún valor en " +"cerrarlo y cobrar por el. Mark contrasta esto con los editores tradicionales " +"quienes cobran una y otra vez por el mismo contenido sin agregar valor." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -13874,9 +14532,19 @@ msgid "" "and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to " "schools where both the science and math departments subscribe." msgstr "" +"La segunda versión del modelo de negocios de Siyavula fue una gran y " +"ambiciosa idea—aumentada proporcionalmente. También decidieron vender el " +"servicio Intelligent Practice a las escuelas directamente. Las escuelas " +"pueden suscribirse de una forma por estudiante, por tema. Una suscripción " +"individual le da al estudiante acceso a un tema individual, incluyendo " +"contenido de práctico para cada grado disponible para ese tema. Bajas tasas " +"de suscripción son proporcionadas cuando hay más de doscientos estudiantes, " +"y las escuelas tienen un tope de precio. Un descuento del 40 porciento se " +"ofrece a las escuelas donde los departamentos de matemáticas y de ciencias " +"se suscriben." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -13885,9 +14553,16 @@ msgid "" "dashboard, where they can view the sections they’ve practiced, how many " "points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving." msgstr "" +"Los profesores obtienen un panel que les permite monitorear el progreso de " +"una clase entera o ver los resultados de un estudiante. Pueden ver las " +"preguntas en las que los estudiantes están trabajando, identificar áreas de " +"dificultad, y ser más estratégicos en sus enseñazas. Los estudiantes también " +"pueden tener sus propio panel personalizado, donde pueden ver las secciones " +"que han practicado, cuantos puntos han obtenido, y como se va mejorando su " +"desempeño." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -13895,9 +14570,15 @@ msgid "" "12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for " "grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9." msgstr "" +"Basado en el éxito de este esfuerzo, Siyavula decidió incrementar " +"sustancialmente la producción de los recursos educativos abiertos de tal " +"manera que pudieran ofrecer el servicio de Intelligent Practice para un " +"rango más amplio de libros. Los libros de matemáticas y ciencias para los " +"grados 10 al 12 fueron retrabajados cada año, y nuevos libros fueron creados " +"para los grados 4 al 6 y depués para los grados 7 al 9." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -13905,9 +14586,14 @@ msgid "" "complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other " "resources." msgstr "" +"En asociación, y patrocinado por, la fundación Sasol Inzalo, Siyavula " +"produjo una serie de libros de trabajo de ciencias naturales y tecnología " +"para los grados 4 al 6 titulados Thunderbolt Kids que usa un estilo " +"divertido de cuento de cómic. Es un curriculum completo que también viene " +"con una guía de maestro y otros recursos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -13919,7 +14605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -13930,7 +14616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -13943,7 +14629,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -13955,7 +14641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -13965,7 +14651,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -13978,7 +14664,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -13987,7 +14673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -13997,7 +14683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -14013,32 +14699,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "## Sparkfun" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." @@ -14047,29 +14733,29 @@ msgstr "" "hardware abierto. Fundada en 2003 en Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "www.sparkfun.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" "Modelo de ingresos: cobrar por copias físicas (ventas de componentes " "electrónicos)" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "Fecha de entrevista: 29 de febrero de 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "Entrevistado: Nathan Seidle, fundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -14084,7 +14770,7 @@ msgstr "" "hecha por alguien más. Su reacción fue de júbilo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -14097,7 +14783,7 @@ msgstr "" "en el mundo.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -14115,7 +14801,7 @@ msgstr "" "por su cuenta. Ser copiados es parte del diseño." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -14133,7 +14819,7 @@ msgstr "" "como propiedad intelectual." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " @@ -14144,7 +14830,7 @@ msgstr "" "laureles. Da una red de seguridad. Nosotros quitamos esa red de seguridad.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -14163,7 +14849,7 @@ msgstr "" "nosotros, es mejor para los clientes.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -14182,7 +14868,7 @@ msgstr "" "Nathan. «Esto es con lo que deberían competir.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -14203,7 +14889,7 @@ msgstr "" "graduarse, empezó a hacer y vender sus propios productos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -14221,7 +14907,7 @@ msgstr "" "para los productos que crean." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -14238,7 +14924,7 @@ msgstr "" "para producir placas para revender usando la marca de Arduino." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -14254,7 +14940,7 @@ msgstr "" "tecnología es una extensión natural de su negocio central." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -14265,7 +14951,7 @@ msgstr "" "trescientos y cincuenta mil estudiantes de colegio para el 2020.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -14286,7 +14972,7 @@ msgstr "" "disponible bajo los mismo términos de licenciamiento." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -14306,7 +14992,7 @@ msgstr "" "competencia." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -14332,7 +15018,7 @@ msgstr "" "lo hace más significativo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -14351,7 +15037,7 @@ msgstr "" "porque no se enfocan de forma singular en el resultado final." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -14366,7 +15052,7 @@ msgstr "" "que vienen a su sitio no solo encuentren contenido sin cambios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -14388,7 +15074,7 @@ msgstr "" "identifican puntos débiles, y nosotros diseñamos algo para solucionarlos.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -14408,7 +15094,7 @@ msgstr "" "dijo Nathan. «Eso no es realmente cierto.»" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -14427,7 +15113,7 @@ msgstr "" "diseños,» dijo Nathan." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -14453,39 +15139,39 @@ msgstr "" "propusieron ser." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -14494,7 +15180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -14509,7 +15195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -14530,7 +15216,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -14544,7 +15230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -14552,7 +15238,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -14568,7 +15254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -14579,7 +15265,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -14590,7 +15276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -14606,7 +15292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -14623,7 +15309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -14643,7 +15329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -14658,7 +15344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -14671,7 +15357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -14683,7 +15369,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -14698,7 +15384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -14709,7 +15395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -14720,35 +15406,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" -msgstr "" +msgstr "## Tribe of Noise" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " "Netherlands." msgstr "" +"Tribe of Noise es una plataforma de música con fines de lucro que sirve a " +"las industrias fílmica, de TV, video, juegos, y de medios en tienda. Fue " +"fundada en 2008 en los Países Bajos (Holanda)." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" -msgstr "" +msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Fecha de la entrevista: 26 de enero, 2016" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Entrevistado: Hessel van Oorschot, cofundador" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -14757,9 +15446,16 @@ msgid "" "Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " "licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" +"A principios de los años 2000, Hessel van Oorschot era un empresario que " +"dirigía un negocio donde asesoraba a otros empresarios de tamaño mediano " +"acerca de cómo crear un negocio en línea. Fue también el coautor de diversos " +"cuadernos de trabajo para que las pequeñas y medianas empresas utilizaran " +"para optimizar sus negocios para la Web. Por medio de su trabajo temprano, " +"Hessel se familiarizó con los principios del licenciamiento permisivo, " +"incluyendo el uso de software de fuentes abiertas y Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -14769,9 +15465,17 @@ msgid "" "2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " "readily available." msgstr "" +"En 2005, Hessel y Sandra Brandenburg lanzaron una iniciativa de producción " +"de videos para nicho. Casi inmediatamente, se toparon con problemas " +"relacionados con encontrar y licenciar pistas de música. Todo lo que podían " +"encontrar era la música fría y estándar de _stock._ Pensaron buscar sitios " +"Web donde pudieran licenciar la música directamente de su creador sin tener " +"que pasar a través de etiquetas o agentes. Pero en 2005, la posibilidad de " +"licenciar música directamente del titular de sus derechos no era " +"suficientemente fácil de encontrar." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -14781,9 +15485,17 @@ msgid "" "after some more research, in early 2008, Hessel and Sandra decided to build " "a platform." msgstr "" +"Contrataron a dos abogados para investigar a mayor profundidad, y si bien " +"encontraron cinco o seis ejemplos, Hessel encontró que los modelos de " +"negocio que éstos seguían eran insuficientes. Los abogados expresaron su " +"interés en ser su equipo legal si decidían perseguir esto como una " +"oportunidad de negocios. Hessel dice, ”cuando los abogados están interesados " +"en una empresa de este tipo, puede ser que sea algo especial.” Entonces, " +"después de hacer algo más de investigación, a principios de 2008 Hessel y " +"Sandra se decidieron a construir una plataforma." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -14791,9 +15503,15 @@ msgid "" "works. Community willingness to try new music business models requires a " "trust relationship." msgstr "" +"Construir una plataforma representó un problema real comparable con el del " +"huevo y la gallina. La plataforma tenía que construir una comunidad en línea " +"de titulares de derechos en el campo de la música y, al mismo tiempo, dar a " +"la comunidad la información y las ideas acerca de cómo trabaja esta nueva " +"economía. La disposición de la comunidad para probar nuevos modelos de " +"negocio musicales requiere de una relación de confianza." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -14801,9 +15519,15 @@ msgid "" "pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the " "problems the two had personally experienced finding this music." msgstr "" +"En julio de 2008, Tribe of Noise abrió sus puertas virtuales con un par de " +"cientos de músicos dispuestos a utilizar la licencia CC BY-SA (Atribución-" +"CompartirIgual) para una parte limitada de sus repertorios. Los dos " +"empresarios querían liberar del dolor a los creadores de medios que quieren " +"licenciar música, y resolver los problemas que ambos habían experimentado " +"personalmente para encontrar dicha música." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -14813,9 +15537,18 @@ msgid "" "In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " "Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1" msgstr "" +"Al tiempo que su comunidad iba creciendo, Hessel recibió una llamada " +"telefónica de una compañía que creaba listas de reproducción para su uso " +"dentro de negocios, preguntando si tenían suficiente material con licencias " +"tipo Creative Commons que pudieran utilizar. Los negocios requieren de " +"música de calidad, de fácil escucha, aunque no necesariamente _hits_, un " +"poco como un programa de radio sin DJ. Esto abrió una nueva oportunidad para " +"Tribe of Noise. Iniciaron su servicio de música dentro del negocio, " +"utilizando música (licenciada bajo CC BY-SA) subida por la comunidad de " +"músicos de Tribe of Noise.1" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -14834,9 +15567,27 @@ msgid "" "that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good " "cause every single day.”" msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +"En la mayor parte de los países, los artistas, autores y músicos se unen a " +"una sociedad recaudatoria que gestiona el licenciamiento y ayuda a cobrar " +"las regalías. En la Unión Europea, las sociedades de recolección de " +"copyright típicamente confoman monopolios en sus respectivos mercados " +"nacionales. Además de lo anterior, requieren que sus miembros les " +"transfieran derechos exclusivos de administración por todos sus trabajos. " +"Esto complica el panorama para Tribe of Noise, que quiere representar a los " +"artistas, o por lo menos a una porción de su repertorio. Hessel y su equipo " +"legal se pusieron en contacto con estas sociedades recaudadoras, iniciando " +"con las holandesas. ¿Cuál sería la mejor manera legal que respetara los " +"deseos de los compositores y los músicos que estuvieran interesados en " +"nuevos modelos, como el Servicio de Música Dentro del Negocio? Las " +"sociedades recaudadoras en un principio se vieron reacias y se negaron a " +"cooperar, pero Tribe of Noise persistió, argumentando que ellos trabajan de " +"forma primaria con _artistas unicornio_ y les brindan exposición en partes " +"del mundo donde no es fácil llegar en avión, y ha resultado una fuente de " +"ingresos — Y esto los convenció de que estaba bien. Pero, dice Hessel, ”" +"Seguimos luchando por una buena causa todos los días.”" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -14849,9 +15600,21 @@ msgid "" "with Creative Commons. Outside of the Netherlands, early adoptions have " "happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" +"En vez de construir una fuerza de ventas más grande, Tribe of Noise se alió " +"con las grandes organizaciones que tienen muchos clientes y pueden actuar " +"como una especie de revendedores de Tribe of Noise. La red de comunicaciones " +"más grande de los Países Bajos, por ejemplo, vende suscripciones al servicio " +"de música en el negocio de Tribe a sus clientes empresariales, los cuales " +"incluyen a los vendedores de artículos de moda y centros de entrenamiento " +"físico. Tienen un trato similar con la principal asociación profesional que " +"representa a hoteles y restaurantes en el país. Hessel espera ”copiar y " +"pegar” este servicio hacia otros países en que las sociedades recaudadoras " +"comprendan lo que puede hacerse con Creative Commons. Fuera de los países " +"bajos, se han presentado adopciones tempranas en Escandinavia, Bélgica y los " +"Estados Unidos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -14859,9 +15622,15 @@ msgid "" "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " "significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" msgstr "" +"Tribe of Noise no le paga directamente a los músicos; les pagan cuando su " +"música aparece en los canales de música en el negocio de Tribe of Noise. La " +"cantidad de recursos que reciben los músicos es del 42.5%. No es fuera de lo " +"común en el modelo tradicional que el artista reciba únicamente 5 a 10%, con " +"lo que una participación del 40% es un negocio significativamente mejor. Así " +"es como presentan el ejemplo en su sitio Web:" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -14872,9 +15641,18 @@ msgid "" "you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per " "month.2" msgstr "" +"Algunas de sus canciones \\[licenciadas bajo CC BY-SA\\], cinco en total por " +"poner un ejemplo, han sido seleccionadas para un canal de música en el " +"negocio, que se transmite a un conglomerado con 1,000 tiendas en el país. En " +"este caso, la lista de reproducción global contiene 350 canciones, con lo " +"que la proporción del músico es 5/350 = 1.43%. El costo de licenciamiento " +"acordado con el conglomerado es de US\\$12 por mes por reproducción. Así que " +"si 42.5% de esto es compartido con los músicos de Tribe en esta lista, y su " +"participación es de 1.43%, termina recibiendo US\\$12 \\* 1000 tiendas \\*" +"0.425 \\* 0.142 = US\\$73 por mes.2" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -14884,9 +15662,17 @@ msgid "" "one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" "SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" +"Tribe of Noise tiene otro modelo que no involucra a Creative Commons. En una " +"encuesta a sus miembros, la mayor parte dijeron que les gusta la exposición " +"que Creative Commons les da y la forma en que les permite llegar a otros " +"para compartir y remezclar. Sin embargo, les ha costado aceptar el hecho de " +"que las licencias Creative Commons sean perpetuas. Muchos músicos comparten " +"la mentalidad de que, un día, una de sus canciones se volverá un _hit_ de la " +"noche a la mañana. Si eso ocurriera, el licenciamiento CC BY-SA les " +"impediría volverse ricos por las ventas de dicha canción." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -14897,9 +15683,18 @@ msgid "" "Tribe of Noise platform within one to two months. This lets the musician " "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" +"El equipo legal de Hesse obtuvo esta retroalimentación y creó un segundo " +"modelo, así como un área separada de la plataforma llamada Tribe of Noise " +"Pro. Las canciones subidas a Tribe of Noise Pro no llevan licenciamiento " +"Creative Commons; Tribe of Noise creó, en vez de esto, un contrato de ”" +"explotación no exclusiva”, similar a una licencia Creative Commons, pero que " +"permite a los músicos abandonarlo cuando quieran. Cuando lo abandonan, Tribe " +"of Noise retira su música de la plataforma de Tribe of Noise en el lapso de " +"entre uno y dos meses. Esto permite al músico reutilizar su canción en un " +"posible mejor acuerdo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -14907,18 +15702,29 @@ msgid "" "This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire " "at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" +"Tribe of Noise Pro está principalmente enfocado a los creadores de medios " +"que buscan música. Si compran una licencia de éste catálogo, no hace falta " +"que indiquen el nombre del creador; únicamente licencian la canción por un " +"monto específico. Esto representa una buena ganancia para los creadores de " +"medios. Y los músicos pueden retirar su repertorio en el momento que lo " +"consideren mejor. Hessel opina que esto lleva a acuerdos más directos y " +"limpios." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " "upload only to Tribe of Noise Pro, which has a smaller repertoire of music " "than the community area." msgstr "" +"Muchos músicos de Tribe of Noise suben canciones tanto a Tribe of Noise Pro " +"como al área comunitaria de Tribe of Noise. No hay muchos artistas que suban " +"su contenido únicamente a Tribe of Noise Pro, el cual tiene un mucho menor " +"repertorio musical que el área comunitaria." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -14926,9 +15732,15 @@ msgid "" "exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " "interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" +"Hessel considera que ambos son mutuamente complementarios. Ambos son " +"necesarios para que el modelo funcione. Con toda una generación de músicos " +"interesada en la economía de compartir, el área comunitaria de Tribe of " +"Noise es donde pueden construir confianza, crear exposición, y generar " +"dinero. Después de eso, los músicos pueden desarrollar mayor interés en " +"explorar otros modelos como el de Tribe of Noise Pro." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -14939,9 +15751,18 @@ msgid "" "really like having people working for the platform who truly engage with " "them." msgstr "" +"Cada músico que se une a Tribe of Noise recibe su propia página personal y " +"un espacio Web ilimitado gratuito para subir toda la música de su creación " +"que quieran. Tribe of Noise es también una red social; colegas músicos y " +"profesionales pueden votar por, comentar en, y gustar de la música. Los " +"administradores de comunidad interactúan con los miembros y les brindan " +"soporte, y los supervisores musicales seleccionan y eligen de entre las " +"canciones subidas, ya sea para reproducción en el negocio o para promoverlas " +"a productores de medios. Los miembros realmente gustan de que haya gente en " +"la plataforma que genuinamente se involucran con ellos." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -14950,9 +15771,17 @@ msgid "" "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " "to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" +"Otra manera en que Tribe of Noise crea comunidad e interés es con concursos, " +"que se organizan en conjunto con los clientes de Tribe of Noise. El cliente " +"especifica lo que quiera, y cualquier miembro puede proponer una canción. " +"Los concursos típicamente incluyen premios, exposición y dinero. Además de " +"impulsar al involucramiento de los miembros, los concursos ayudan a los " +"miembros a aprender cómo es que se trabaja con los clientes: Escuchándolos, " +"comprendiendo lo que quieren, y creando una canción que cubra dicha " +"necesidad." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -14964,9 +15793,20 @@ msgid "" "licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " "collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" +"Tribe of Noise tiene ahora veintisiete mil miembros de 192 países, y muchos " +"están explorando modelos tipo hágalo-usted-mismo para obtener mayores " +"ingresos. Algunos provienen de los sellos y editores musicales, quienes, " +"después de cruzar la forma tradicional de licenciamiento de la música, " +"vieron el sentido que este modelo tiene para ellos. Otros son jóvenes " +"músicos, que crecieron con una mentalidad de hágalo-usted-mismo y ven muy " +"pocas razones para comprometerse con un tercero o entregar parte del " +"control. Como sea, un pequeño pero creciente grupo de los miembros de Tribe " +"están persiguiendo un modelo híbrido licenciando algunas de sus canciones " +"bajo CC BY-SA y adoptando junto con otros a los contratos societales como " +"ASCAP o BMI." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -14982,9 +15822,23 @@ msgid "" "represent. So far, Tribe of Noise has been able to make all this work " "without litigation." msgstr "" +"No es poco común que organizaciones de derechos performáticos, sellos " +"musicales, o editores musicales firmen sus contratos con los músicos " +"demandando la exclusividad. Esos acuerdos no permiten a los músicos subir " +"sus creaciones a Tribe of Noise. En los Estados Unidos, puede otorgarse a " +"una asociación autoral la administración de únicamente un conjunto de " +"piezas, pero en varios países de Europa, estas asociaciones prefieren " +"representar el repertorio entero del artista (aunque la Comisión Europea " +"está haciendo algunos cambios). Tribe of Noise trata con este asunto todo el " +"tiempo y emite una advertencia al usuario cuando sube una canción. Si las " +"asociaciones autorales están dispuestas a ser abiertas y flexibles, y hacer " +"lo máximo por sus miembros, pueden considerar a organizaciones como Tribe of " +"Noise como un lindo agregado, generando más exposición y ganancia para los " +"músicos a quienes representan. Hasta ahora, Tribe of Noise ha podido operar " +"sin tener que enfrentar batallas legales." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -14995,58 +15849,67 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " "a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" +"Para Hessel, la llave del éxito de Tribe of Noise es la confianza. El hecho " +"de que las licencias Creative Commons funcionen de la misma manera en todo " +"el mundo y que hayan sido traducidas a todos los lenguajes verdaderamente " +"ayuda a construir dicha confianza. Tribe of Noise cree en crear un modelo " +"donde puedan trabajar junto con músicos. Sólo pueden hacerlo cuando hay una " +"comunidad viva y con energías, con gente que piensa que Tribe of Noise actúa " +"con el mejor interés de todos los involucrados en mente. Creative Commons " +"posibilita crear un nuevo modelo de negocios para la música, un modelo " +"basado en la confianza." #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" -msgstr "" +msgstr "www.instoremusicservice.com" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" -msgstr "" +msgstr "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -15056,7 +15919,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -15064,7 +15927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -15080,7 +15943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -15089,7 +15952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7304 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -15100,7 +15963,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -15114,7 +15977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -15137,7 +16000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -15153,7 +16016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -15167,7 +16030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -15186,7 +16049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -15198,7 +16061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -15210,7 +16073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -15222,7 +16085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -15231,7 +16094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -15240,7 +16103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -15249,17 +16112,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -15267,33 +16130,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." @@ -15301,7 +16164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" @@ -15309,7 +16172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -15318,14 +16181,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -15336,54 +16199,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -15394,7 +16257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -15402,21 +16265,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" @@ -15424,7 +16287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -15433,21 +16296,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" @@ -15455,21 +16318,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -15477,124 +16340,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -15602,7 +16465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." @@ -15610,7 +16473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -15618,14 +16481,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -15635,7 +16498,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" @@ -15643,7 +16506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -15652,7 +16515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -15660,7 +16523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -15668,74 +16531,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -15743,21 +16606,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -15767,7 +16630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" @@ -15775,26 +16638,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." "mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "## Agradecimientos" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -15809,7 +16672,7 @@ msgstr "" "inicial que nos permitió empezar este proyecto." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -15820,7 +16683,7 @@ msgstr "" "los comunes tengan vida. Gracias por la inspiración." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -15836,7 +16699,7 @@ msgstr "" "trabajo." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -15850,7 +16713,7 @@ msgstr "" "invaluable. Gracias de todo corazón a todos ustedes." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -15943,7 +16806,7 @@ msgstr "" "Xavier Antoviaque, Yancey Strickler" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095 #, fuzzy msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " @@ -16382,20 +17245,20 @@ msgstr "" "Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio " "Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano " "Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand " -"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, " -"fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian " -"Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-" -"Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François " -"Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, " -"Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, " -"Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de " -"Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, " -"Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, " -"George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil " -"Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, " -"Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, " -"Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-" -"Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory " +"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac." +"uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, " +"Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, " +"Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred " +"Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, " +"Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, " +"Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, " +"Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff " +"Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George " +"Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, " +"Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn " +"Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham " +"Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, " +"Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory " "Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, " "Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym " "Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes " @@ -16416,6 +17279,21 @@ msgstr "" "Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, Janos Kovacs, Jasmina " "Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu" +#~ msgid "" +#~ "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to " +#~ "James Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +#~ "denominator solutions and" +#~ msgstr "" +#~ "Ser responsable no significa operar bajo concenso. De acuerdo con James " +#~ "Surowiecki, los grupos que operan bajo concenso tienden a utilizar la " +#~ "solución común más básica y" + +#~ msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" +#~ msgstr "(admisión al museo), venta de mercancías" + +#~ msgid "commitment.68" +#~ msgstr "68" + #~ msgid "service." #~ msgstr "servicio."