X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/a9f028c43e58b1214c256a0832743ea0b1504b10..739bc2fae4c93e2da3439ad13f6b5dcecbebf64e:/po/pl/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/pl/mwcc.po b/po/pl/mwcc.po index 4435e8b..9832bab 100644 --- a/po/pl/mwcc.po +++ b/po/pl/mwcc.po @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-23 05:59+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-30 10:47+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Stanisław Krukowski \n" "Language-Team: Polish =20) ? 1 : 2;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 2.17-dev\n" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2 +#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3 +msgid "en" +msgstr "pl" + +#. type: Content of: +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " +#| "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " +#| "purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, " +#| "provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you " +#| "remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your " +#| "contributions under the same license as the original. License details: " +#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" +msgid "" +"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " +"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " +"purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide " +"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, " +"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your " +"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: " +"" +msgstr "" +"Ta Książka jest wydana zgodnie z licencją CC BY-SA, co oznacza, że można ją " +"kopiować, rozpowszechniać ponownie, remiksować, przekształcać i tworzyć nowe " +"teksty na podstawie jej zawartości — w dowolnym celu, nawet komercyjnie, pod " +"warunkiem, że załączone zostaną odpowiednie podziękowania, udostępniony " +"zostanie odsyłacz do licencji i wskazane zostaną zmiany (jeśli zostały " +"wprowadzone). Jeśli remiksujesz, przekształcasz lub wykorzystujesz ten " +"materiał, musisz go rozpowszechniać na tej samej licencji, co oryginał. " +"Szczegóły licencji: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" + +#. type: Content of:
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:24 +#, no-wrap +msgid "" +" Mexico City\n" +" " +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:17 +msgid "" +" 2017 Creative Commons " +" Gunnar Wolf " +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:27 msgid "Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "Stworzone zgodnie z Creative Commons" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4 -msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -msgstr "Paul Stacey i Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:30 +msgid "Paul" +msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6 +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:31 +msgid "Stacey" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:34 +msgid "Sarah Hinchliff" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:35 +msgid "Pearson" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 msgid "Made With Creative Commons" msgstr "Made With Creative Commons" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8 -msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10 -msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons." +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons." +msgid "© 2017 by the Creative Commons Foundation." msgstr "© 2017, by Creative Commons." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13 +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44 msgid "" "Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" "SA), version 4.0." @@ -53,113 +123,42 @@ msgstr "" "Opublikowane na licencji Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), " "wersja 4.0." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15 -msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" -msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17 -msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" -msgstr "Okładka i projekt wewnętrzny: Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19 -msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma" -msgstr "Edycja treści: Grace Yaginuma" +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:46 +msgid "" +"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED " +"(Paperback)" +msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21 -msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" +msgid "" +"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmathers.com/\"/>" msgstr "Ilustracje: Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23 -msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc" -msgstr "E-book do pobrania z witryny: madewith.cc" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25 -msgid "Publisher:" +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:49 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Publisher:" +msgid "Publisher: Gunnar Wolf." msgstr "Wydawca:" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27 -msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" -msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29 -msgid "Husumgade 10, 5." -msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5." - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31 -msgid "2200 Copenhagen N" -msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33 -msgid "Denmark" -msgstr "Denmark" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35 -msgid "www.cadb.dk" -msgstr "www.cadb.dk" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37 -msgid "hey@cadb.dk" -msgstr "hey@cadb.dk" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39 -msgid "Printer:" -msgstr "Druk:" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41 -msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" -msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43 -msgid "88-100 Inowrocław," -msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław," - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45 -msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12," -msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12," - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47 -msgid "Poland" -msgstr "Polska" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55 -msgid "" -"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " -"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " -"purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide " -"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, " -"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your " -"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: " -"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:51 +msgid " " msgstr "" -"Ta Książka jest wydana zgodnie z licencją CC BY-SA, co oznacza, że można ją " -"kopiować, rozpowszechniać ponownie, remiksować, przekształcać i tworzyć nowe " -"teksty na podstawie jej zawartości — w dowolnym celu, nawet komercyjnie, pod " -"warunkiem, że załączone zostaną odpowiednie podziękowania, udostępniony " -"zostanie odsyłacz do licencji i wskazane zostaną zmiany (jeśli zostały " -"wprowadzone). Jeśli remiksujesz, przekształcasz lub wykorzystujesz ten " -"materiał, musisz go rozpowszechniać na tej samej licencji, co oryginał. " -"Szczegóły licencji: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59 +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc" +msgid "Downloadable e-book available at <ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>" +msgstr "E-book do pobrania z witryny: madewith.cc" + +#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:61 msgid "" "Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative " "Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com " @@ -169,12 +168,12 @@ msgstr "" "uprzejmemu wsparciu Creative Commons i osobom, wspierającym naszą kampanię " "finansowo-wydawniczą na platformie Kickstarter.com." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 +#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:69 #, fuzzy msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " -"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " +"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " "sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " @@ -187,18 +186,22 @@ msgstr "" "far closer attention and think at far more length about all sorts of " "different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives.”" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70 -msgid "- David Foster Wallace" +#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:77 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "- David Foster Wallace" +msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>" msgstr "- David Foster Wallace" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72 -msgid "## Foreword" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:82 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "## Foreword" +msgid "Foreword" msgstr "## Przedmowa" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84 msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " @@ -217,8 +220,8 @@ msgstr "" "ze mną, nazywając prowadzenie rentownych modeli biznesowych, zgodnych z CC, " "mianem \"fałszywego tropu\"." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:93 msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " @@ -234,8 +237,8 @@ msgstr "" "Pieniądze są środkami do osiągania celów społecznych, a nie celem samym w " "sobie\"." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:101 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " "words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts " @@ -250,12 +253,20 @@ msgstr "" "To może zadziałać, ale przeważnie nie ma szans powodzenia. Chociaż, " "oczzywiście, ktoś zawsze na loterii wygrywa ... \"." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " +#| "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " +#| "work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is " +#| "filled with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two " +#| "dollars we pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that " +#| "come from pursuing their passions and living their values." msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " -"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled " +"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled " "with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two dollars we " "pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from " "pursuing their passions and living their values." @@ -269,11 +280,18 @@ msgstr "" "korzyści z przeforsowania swoich osobistych pasji, zgodnie z własnymi " "wartościami życiowymi." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue " +#| "to create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of " +#| "Cards Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make " +#| "jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " +#| "games.”" msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " -"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " +"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " "Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and " "games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”" msgstr "" @@ -283,8 +301,8 @@ msgstr "" "swoim studium przypadku następująco: „Nie robimy dowcipów i gier, aby robić " "pieniądze — robimy pieniądze, abyśmy mogli robić więcej dowcipów i gier”." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:125 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -303,8 +321,8 @@ msgstr "" "okazali się idealnymi autorami do napisania książki «Stworzone zgodnie z " "Creative Commons»." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -323,11 +341,22 @@ msgstr "" "głos i ton wypowiedzi sprawia, że potrafi swoją pasją zainspirować kolegów i " "społeczności lokalne." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good " +#| "of people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over " +#| "the past year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes " +#| "from investing so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d " +#| "hoped. Today, she’s more determined than ever to live with her values " +#| "right out on her sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative " +#| "Commons to focus on our impact—to make the main thing the main thing. " +#| "She’s practical, detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team " +#| "that I enjoy debating more." msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " -"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " +"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " "year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes from investing " "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " @@ -348,8 +377,18 @@ msgstr "" "nie ma nikogo, z kim mógłbym tak przyjemnie debatować o wielu różnych " "sprawach." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " +#| "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together " +#| "and sometimes independently. They dove into the research and writing with " +#| "passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the " +#| "commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, " +#| "including the possibility that their initial theories would need " +#| "refinement or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has " +#| "made for a better book that is insightful, honest, and useful." msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -357,7 +396,7 @@ msgid "" "passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the " "commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, " "including the possibility that their initial theories would need refinement " -"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a " +"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a " "better book that is insightful, honest, and useful." msgstr "" "Jako współautorzy, Paul i Sarah doskonale się wzajemnie uzupełniają. " @@ -370,8 +409,8 @@ msgstr "" "okazać się całkowicie błędne. To była odważna postawa, która sprawiła, że " "książka stała się lepsza, bardziej wnikliwa i pożyteczna." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:166 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " @@ -387,8 +426,8 @@ msgstr "" "wynikające /zawarte w licencji. Jest to, sam w sobie, przykład otwartego " "modelu biznesowego." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:174 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -405,14 +444,23 @@ msgstr "" "darczyńców, z których większość to nowe osoby /instytucje wspierajace " "Creative Commons." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:183 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the " +#| "plans, drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they " +#| "engaged communities all over the world to help write this book. As their " +#| "opinions diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their " +#| "voices and decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working " +#| "in this way requires both humility and self-confidence, and without " +#| "question it has made Made with Creative Commons a better project." msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " "communities all over the world to help write this book. As their opinions " "diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their voices and " -"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way " +"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way " "requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made " "Made with Creative Commons a better project." msgstr "" @@ -428,10 +476,16 @@ msgstr "" "przyczyniły się do wysokiej jakości książki i sukcesu wydawniczego «Made " "with Creative Commons»." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:193 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They " +#| "are part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all " +#| "is a profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a " +#| "community." msgid "" -"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " +"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " "profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community." msgstr "" @@ -442,10 +496,18 @@ msgstr "" "— zyskują ich wdzięczność i stają się częścią wspólnoty powszechnego " "dziedzictwa." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " +#| "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " +#| "himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he " +#| "agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and " +#| "community as a key value, and because the CC licenses have helped so many " +#| "to share in the ways that they choose with a global audience." +msgid "" +"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " "himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he " "agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and " @@ -461,8 +523,8 @@ msgstr "" "wielu ludziom dzielić się swoją twórczością, na tak wiele sposobów, z " "odbiorcami na całym świecie." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208 msgid "" "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " @@ -489,13 +551,22 @@ msgstr "" "satysfakcjonującej nagrody po osiagnięciu ostatecznego celu, niż usłyszenie " "od kogoś, że »[...] to, co ty robisz, ma dla mnie wartość wyjątkową«”." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:222 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " +#| "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a " +#| "social end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a " +#| "powerful and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. " +#| "Made with Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly " +#| "articulated values and principles, some essential tools for exploring " +#| "your own business opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration." msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " "end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a powerful " -"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with " +"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with " "Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly articulated values " "and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business " "opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration." @@ -509,8 +580,8 @@ msgstr "" "udostępnia Tobie, czytelniku, narzędzia do eksploracji własnego biznesu, a " "także — dwa tuziny dawek „czystej inspiracji”." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:232 msgid "" "In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder " "Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They " @@ -528,13 +599,20 @@ msgstr "" "komputerowe; odczuwają to w grupach, w społecznościach, wśród obcych, wśród " "osób, których chcą poznać, i których czasami lubią”." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:241 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book " +#| "for the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful " +#| "to Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " +#| "communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " +#| "Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " -"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " +"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " "Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global " -"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " +"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member " "Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”" msgstr "" "Jestem niezmiernie dumny, że Creative Commons jest w stanie opublikować tę " @@ -544,39 +622,41 @@ msgstr "" "drogi czytelniku. Jak często mówi członek zarządu CC, Johnathan Nightingale: " "„To wszystko powstało z ludzi\"." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:249 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" "To jest właśnie prawdziwa wartość rzeczy, które „ ... są wykonane zgodnie z " "Creative Commons”." -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213 -#, no-wrap -msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n" -msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:252 +msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>" +msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215 -#, no-wrap -msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:255 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" +msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>" msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217 -msgid "## Introduction" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:259 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "## Introduction" +msgid "Introduction" msgstr "## Wprowadzenie" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:261 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -589,8 +669,8 @@ msgid "" "analyze their business model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " @@ -599,35 +679,35 @@ msgid "" "up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:285 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " -"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " +"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " "to make the world a better place, creating relationships and community " "around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited " "growth but to sustain the operation." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:298 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " "Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " "value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " "Commons is not “business as usual.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:306 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -637,27 +717,27 @@ msgid "" "dramatically over the course of a year and a half." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " "has been one of the great joys of this work, and, we hope, something that " "has made the final product much richer than it ever could have been if " -"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices " +"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices " "throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary " "approaches as you read through our different sections." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " "reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:330 msgid "" "Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " "He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " @@ -667,8 +747,8 @@ msgid "" "commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:338 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -679,8 +759,8 @@ msgid "" "values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:348 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -688,24 +768,24 @@ msgid "" "model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " "in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:361 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " "localize, and build upon this work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310 +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:366 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -714,100 +794,130 @@ msgid "" "economy and world for the better." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312 -#, no-wrap -msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373 +msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315 -msgid "# The Big Picture" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:377 +msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317 -msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:379 +msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:381 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:384 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " "web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " "So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of " "childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are " -"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such " -"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1" +"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such as " +"the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:396 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " "range of areas including cultural heritage, education, research, technology, " -"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced " +"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced " "works in all these areas are increasingly digital. The Internet is a kind of " "global, digital commons. The individuals, organizations, and businesses we " "profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources " "online over the Internet." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411 +msgid "" +"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " +"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:419 +msgid "Ibid., 15." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:407 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " -"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, " -"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. " -"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of " -"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of " -"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the " +"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " +"profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons " +"involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a " +"collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/> Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the " "costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special " "regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349 -msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:426 +msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 +msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:428 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " -"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms " -"today.4" +"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:441 +msgid "Ibid., 175." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " "state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate " -"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state.5 " -"Others are very much a part of the market or state, depending on them for " -"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the " -"commons with those of the market or state." +"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the " +"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate " +"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or " +"state." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:448 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:452 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -819,8 +929,8 @@ msgid "" "which they operate." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -830,8 +940,8 @@ msgid "" "strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:472 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -839,15 +949,32 @@ msgid "" "copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:485 +msgid "Enterprise engagements" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:481 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:900 +msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:491 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -858,25 +985,34 @@ msgid "" "success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401 -msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:502 +msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 +msgid "" +"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " +"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " +"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " +"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " -"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " -"considered things like the biophysical characteristics of common resources, " -"the community’s actors and the interactions that take place between them, " -"rules-in-use, and outcomes. That framework has been simplified and " -"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this " -"chapter." +"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the " +"biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and " +"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. " +"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " +"the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:520 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -885,20 +1021,27 @@ msgid "" "outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534 +msgid "Aspects of resource management" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"6.5in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 -msgid "#### Characteristics" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:540 +msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:542 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -906,11 +1049,11 @@ msgid "" "which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:549 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " -"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " +"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " "used, the supply becomes scarce or depleted. Scarcity can result in " "competing rivalry for the resource. Made with Creative Commons enterprises " "are usually digitally based but some of our case studies also produce " @@ -918,10 +1061,10 @@ msgid "" "physical good usually require them to engage with the market." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560 msgid "" -"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " +"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " "nonrivalrous. If I share a digital resource with you, we both have the " "resource. Giving it to you does not mean I no longer have it. Digital " @@ -930,66 +1073,66 @@ msgid "" "inherent characteristic of digital resources." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " -"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " +"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " "always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " "Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:578 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " "digital file of a book can be printed on paper and made into a physical " "book. A computer-rendered design for furniture can be physically " -"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably " -"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, " +"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably " +"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, " "but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:589 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " -"private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The state " -"sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. The " -"commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth extending " -"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to " -"future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " +"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " +"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. " +"The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth " +"extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " +"enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468 -msgid "#### People and processes" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:600 +msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:602 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " "and how a resource is managed." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:607 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " "resources are not directly involved; instead, that responsibility is given " -"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with public " -"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on " -"government priorities and procedures." +"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with " +"public servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based " +"on government priorities and procedures." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -999,45 +1142,59 @@ msgid "" "consumers on the basis of a cash transaction." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +msgid "" +"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " +"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:625 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " -"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " -"put them in the commons by personal choice. No permission from state or " -"market is required. Anyone can participate in the commons and determine for " -"themselves the extent to which they want to be involved—as a contributor, " -"user, or manager. The people involved include not only those who create and " -"use resources but those affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your " -"say, actions you can take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, " -"the community as a whole manages the resources. Resources put into the " -"commons using Creative Commons require users to give the original creator " -"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less " -"anonymous and more personal." +"directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Creators of human produced resources can put them in the commons by personal " +"choice. No permission from state or market is required. Anyone can " +"participate in the commons and determine for themselves the extent to which " +"they want to be involved—as a contributor, user, or manager. The people " +"involved include not only those who create and use resources but those " +"affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your say, actions you can " +"take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, the community as a " +"whole manages the resources. Resources put into the commons using Creative " +"Commons require users to give the original creator credit. Knowing the " +"person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more personal." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651 +msgid "Different views on resources" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:647 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506 -msgid "#### Norms and rules" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:658 +msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:660 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " "define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:666 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1046,31 +1203,37 @@ msgid "" "market and commons through the rules it passes." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " "defined by the state." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " "defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against " "the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not " -"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9" +"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530 -msgid "#### Goals" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:691 +msgid "Goals" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1078,18 +1241,28 @@ msgid "" "state, market, and commons have." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:705 +msgid "" +"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a Post-" +"Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of Human " +"Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: " +"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:700 msgid "" -"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " -"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " -"utility they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value " -"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and " -"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market." +"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " +"pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " +"they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value in the " +"economy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Units consumed translates " +"to sales, revenue, profit, and growth, and these are all ways to measure " +"goals of the market." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1099,19 +1272,19 @@ msgid "" "measures." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:724 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " -"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " +"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " "looking at how many people access and use a resource; how users are " "distributed across gender, income, and location; if a community to extend " "and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being " "used in innovative ways for personal and social good." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1119,13 +1292,13 @@ msgid "" "managing resources." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563 -msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:741 +msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1135,8 +1308,8 @@ msgid "" "about the commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -1145,43 +1318,73 @@ msgid "" "history." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:763 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " +"the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " +"2014), 42–43." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:759 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " -"many other things collectively as a commons.11 There was no market, no " -"global economy. The state in the form of rulers influenced the commons but " -"by no means controlled it. Direct social participation in a commons was the " -"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 " -"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" +"many other things collectively as a commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " +"rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " +"participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " +"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " +"state and the market.)" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +msgid "Long ago" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:776 +msgid "" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"3.389in\"}" +"Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " +"Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " +"and Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:785 msgid "" -"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " -"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " -"the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, fences " -"and hedges erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.13 " +"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " +"over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " +"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” " +"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and " +"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " "Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became " "the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " "With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " -"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " "into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " "the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " "revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " @@ -1190,34 +1393,49 @@ msgid "" "the primary means by which resources are managed." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +msgid "State takeover of the commons" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"3.389in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:827 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:832 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " "everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to " -"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " +"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then " "tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. " "Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a " "justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859 +msgid "" +"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " +"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg " +"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " @@ -1233,11 +1451,11 @@ msgid "" "situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural " "resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the " "commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of " -"collective action.14" +"collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:865 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1249,21 +1467,29 @@ msgid "" "accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:881 +msgid "" +"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, " +"Free Knowledge, 203." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:877 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " -"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " -"known about how abundance works.15 The emergence of information technology " -"and the Internet has led to an explosion in digital resources and new means " -"of sharing and distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An " -"absence of a theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the " -"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible " -"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied." +"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " +"known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an " +"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. " +"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for " +"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources " +"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and " +"rules to be applied." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:892 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1271,58 +1497,81 @@ msgid "" "the public that paid for them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905 +msgid "Today" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:901 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " -"height=\"3.389in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png\" width=\"100.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671 -msgid "### The Digital Revolution" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:911 +msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " "this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:921 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " "as you wish." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 -msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941 +msgid "" +"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software " +"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, " +"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939 +msgid "" +"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:950 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:965 +msgid "" +"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:954 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1332,26 +1581,36 @@ msgid "" "recognized and accepted. Customers liked the way open source gave them " "control without being locked into a closed, proprietary technology. Free and " "open-source software also generated a network effect where the value of a " -"product or service increases with the number of people using it.17 The " -"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has " -"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols." +"product or service increases with the number of people using it.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes " +"much to the fact that nobody has a proprietary lock on core Internet " +"protocols." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980 +msgid "" +"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: " +"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, rev. ed. " +"(Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/" +"writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " "standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that " "managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric " "Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the " -"economics and business models associated with open-source software.18 These " -"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with " -"Creative Commons." +"economics and business models associated with open-source software." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide examples " +"of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:989 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1365,23 +1624,33 @@ msgid "" "permission." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1008 +msgid "" +"New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " +"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " +"2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " "relationships, seeks to change opinions, encourages action, and informs " "others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more " -"involved with the world.19" +"involved with the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727 -msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" -msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1016 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" +msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" +msgstr "Made With Creative Commons" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1018 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1391,8 +1660,16 @@ msgid "" "standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039 +msgid "" +"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, " +"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1027 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1403,37 +1680,45 @@ msgid "" "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " "Web to know a work is Creative Commons–licensed by expressing permissions in " "a way that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology " -"can understand.20 Taken together, these three layers ensure creators, users, " -"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with " -"digital content in a commons." +"can understand.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Taken together, " +"these three layers ensure creators, users, and even the Web itself " +"understand the norms and rules associated with digital content in a commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " -"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " -"are using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four " +"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " +"using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four " "languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in " "journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +msgid "" +"Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " +"Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1055 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " "and publishers. Millions of websites use CC licenses, including major " -"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.21 Users of " -"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our " -"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)" +"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Users of Creative Commons are diverse and cut " +"across many different sectors. (Our case studies were chosen to reflect that " +"diversity.)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1068 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " -"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " +"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " "movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " @@ -1443,8 +1728,8 @@ msgid "" "software movement." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1453,97 +1738,160 @@ msgid "" "use, and modify." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093 msgid "" -"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " +"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, " +"2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership" +"\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088 +msgid "" +"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " "platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to " "citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to " -"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working " -"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. " -"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works " -"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for " -"them." +"seventy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In all these countries, " +"government and civil society are working together to develop and implement " +"ambitious open-government reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting " +"Creative Commons to ensure works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and " +"free to the public that paid for them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791 -msgid "### The Changing Market" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1104 +msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +msgid "Ibid., 116." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1106 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " "growth. A perception that the market is more efficient than the state has " "led to continual privatization of many public natural resources, utilities, " -"services, and infrastructures.23 While this system has been highly efficient " -"at generating consumerism and the growth of gross domestic product, the " -"impact on human well-being has been mixed. Offsetting rising living " -"standards and improvements to health and education are ever-increasing " -"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural " -"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24" +"services, and infrastructures.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"While this system has been highly efficient at generating consumerism and " +"the growth of gross domestic product, the impact on human well-being has " +"been mixed. Offsetting rising living standards and improvements to health " +"and education are ever-increasing wealth inequality, social inequality, " +"poverty, deterioration of our natural environment, and breakdowns of " +"democracy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1130 +msgid "" +"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm " +"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1124 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " "economically inclusive, that environmental sustainability is a requirement " "not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and " -"community.25" +"community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1141 +msgid "" +"City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " +"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " +"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1151 +msgid "" +"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" +">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" +"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " "collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care " -"and regeneration of urban commons.26 Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves " -"“sharing cities,” looking to make sustainable and more efficient use of " -"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public " -"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27" +"and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make " +"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as " +"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and " +"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1168 +msgid "" +"Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " +"Books, 2015), 42." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1158 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " -"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and " +"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and " "Uber are still largely operating under the usual norms and rules of the " "market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business " "seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons " "or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about " -"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives.28 While " -"none of the people we interviewed for our case studies would describe " -"themselves as part of the sharing economy, there are in fact some " -"significant parallels. Both the sharing economy and the commons make better " -"use of asset capacity. The sharing economy sees personal residents and cars " -"as having latent spare capacity with rental value. The equitable access of " -"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and " -"derive value from an asset." +"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " +"interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the " +"sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the " +"sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The " +"sharing economy sees personal residents and cars as having latent spare " +"capacity with rental value. The equitable access of the commons broadens and " +"diversifies the number of people who can use and derive value from an asset." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1190 +msgid "" +"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " +"Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " +"2010), 78." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1180 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" "processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " -"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " "getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " -"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29" +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1196 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1553,23 +1901,32 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the " "commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being " "digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many " -"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. " +"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. " "They aim for abundance over scarcity." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1215 +msgid "" +"Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " +"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " +"Macmillan, 2014), 273." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " "abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of " -"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.30 Those that are " -"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, " -"devising their own economic models and practice." +"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each " +"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and " +"practice." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1577,59 +1934,103 @@ msgid "" "looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1237 +msgid "" +"Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " +"Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " +"from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246 +msgid "" +"Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " +"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " "benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are " "benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business " "goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, " -"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-" -"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer " -"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative " -"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32" +"the community, and the environment.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Community-owned businesses, worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, " +"and other organizational forms offer alternatives to the traditional " +"corporation. Collectively, these alternative market entities are changing " +"the rules and norms of the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1259 +msgid "" +"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" +"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1252 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " -"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " +"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over " "nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five " -"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33" +"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268 +msgid "" +"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" +"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 +msgid "" +"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul " +"Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You can also find " +"the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at <ulink url=\"http://" +"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit" +"\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1266 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " -"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " -"anyone to design their own business model. We remixed this business model " -"canvas into an open business model canvas, adding three more building blocks " -"relevant to hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative " -"Commons license, and “type of open environment that the business fits in.”35 " -"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped " -"start-ups plan their economic model." +"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own " +"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business " +"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, " +"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of " +"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses " +"and helped start-ups plan their economic model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1286 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" "market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " -"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " "values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " "what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " "Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " "emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1638,18 +2039,18 @@ msgid "" "patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn " "revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to " "Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and " -"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more " +"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more " "than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple " "paths to sustainability." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919 -msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1313 +msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1315 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1657,8 +2058,8 @@ msgid "" "many benefits." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1321 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1667,53 +2068,62 @@ msgid "" "or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " "The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " "payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " -"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " "them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " "in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " "commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " "inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1343 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " "your own, and mixing yours with others to create new works are all dynamic " -"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with " +"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with " "Creative Commons means you’re engaging as many users with your resources as " -"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, localizing, " -"translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for people to " -"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and " -"many other socially beneficial practices." +"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, " +"localizing, translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for " +"people to directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even " +"democracy, and many other socially beneficial practices." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1365 +msgid "" +"Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " +"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" +"44." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " "customized, and improved results in derivative works never imagined by the " "original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " "deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate " -"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely inside " -"the organization to being in the community.37 Community-based innovation " -"will keep an organization or business on its toes. It must continue to " -"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, " -"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community." +"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely " +"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization " +"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb " +"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and " +"the relationship with the community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1374 msgid "" -"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " +"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " "wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders " "between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often " @@ -1724,8 +2134,8 @@ msgid "" "build on their work both locally and globally." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1387 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1734,30 +2144,29 @@ msgid "" "commons generates value for a broader range of beneficiaries including the " "business, the customer, the creator, the public, and the commons itself. The " "generative nature of the commons means that it is more cost-effective and " -"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in " +"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in " "financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to " "the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " "common good. The costs and benefits for the individual are balanced with the " -"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources " +"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources " "are not anonymous or mass produced. Their provenance is known and " "acknowledged through attribution and other means. Those that are Made with " "Creative Commons generate awareness and reputation based on their " "contributions to the commons. The reach, impact, and sustainability of those " "contributions rest largely on their ability to forge relationships and " -"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the " -"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies " -"people." +"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the basis " +"of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies people." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1416 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1765,36 +2174,36 @@ msgid "" "option of choice." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007 -msgid "### Our Case Studies" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423 +msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " -"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " -"they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make " -"the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, " -"not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, behavior, " -"and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact and " -"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, " -"and are not just about the financial bottom line." +"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " +"status, they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is " +"to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a " +"social end, not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, " +"behavior, and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact " +"and success are measured against social aims expressed in mission " +"statements, and are not just about the financial bottom line." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " "sustainability, they emphasized their mission, practices, and means by which " -"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are " -"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is." +"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals " +"are being met and how sustainable the enterprise is." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1445 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1805,8 +2214,8 @@ msgid "" "resources." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1455 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1815,8 +2224,8 @@ msgid "" "participation is open to all regardless of monetary means." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1824,8 +2233,8 @@ msgid "" "global community is conducive to success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1470 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1834,24 +2243,24 @@ msgid "" "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " "using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " -"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " "don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " "commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " -"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits " +"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits " "neither the market nor state can achieve on their own. Rather than the " "market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more " "balanced alternative is possible." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1492 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1861,164 +2270,20 @@ msgid "" "and insights on how it works." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269 -msgid "### Notes" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "" -"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "" -"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " -"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "Ibid., 15." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "Ibid., 145." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "Ibid., 175." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "" -"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " -"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " -"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New " -"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "" -"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " -"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -msgid "" -"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " -"Knowledge Commons, 59." -msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Made with Creative Commons" +msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" +msgstr "Stworzone zgodnie z Creative Commons" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 -#, no-wrap -msgid "" -"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" -"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" -" a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" -" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" -" 201–4.\n" -"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" -" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" -" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" -"12. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78.\n" -"13. Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal\n" -" System in Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA:\n" -" Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; and Bollier, Think Like a\n" -" Commoner, 88.\n" -"14. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J.\n" -" Strandburg, “Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison,\n" -" and Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12.\n" -"15. Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and\n" -" Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203.\n" -"16. “What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software\n" -" Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30,\n" -" 2016, www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.\n" -"17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November\n" -" 22, 2016.\n" -"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" -" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" -" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" -"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" -" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" -" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" -"20. “Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30,\n" -" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n" -"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" -" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" -"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24, 2016,\n" -" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" -"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" -"24. Ibid., 116.\n" -"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" -" Statement” accessed February 15, 2017,\n" -" sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\n" -"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" -" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" -" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" -" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" -"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" -" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" -"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n" -" York: OR Books, 2015), 42.\n" -"29. Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by\n" -" Giving Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York:\n" -" Hyperion, 2010), 78.\n" -"30. Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of\n" -" Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism\n" -" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 273.\n" -"31. Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next\n" -" American Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a\n" -" Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up (White River\n" -" Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39.\n" -"32. Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership\n" -" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n" -" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n" -"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" -" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" -" available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" -" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" -"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" -" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" -" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions at\n" -" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" -"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" -" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" -" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" -"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" -" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" -" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171 -msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1505 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2026,7 +2291,7 @@ msgid "" "Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the " "world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an " "individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics " -"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons " +"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons " "licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by " "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " @@ -2034,8 +2299,8 @@ msgid "" "way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2046,16 +2311,16 @@ msgid "" "licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1534 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " "research." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -2065,20 +2330,28 @@ msgid "" "about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1551 +msgid "" +"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " +"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " -"captures value.”1 Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing " -"value always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something " -"we heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us " -"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to " -"mean.”" +"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about " +"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately " +"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in " +"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, " +"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2086,8 +2359,8 @@ msgid "" "that as our guiding rubric for the book." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1569 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2098,10 +2371,10 @@ msgid "" "way of thinking before you read any further." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 msgid "" -"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " +"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " "there was one constant. Being Made with Creative Commons may be good for " "business, but that is not why they do it. Sharing work with Creative Commons " @@ -2111,18 +2384,18 @@ msgid "" "about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1591 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " "it was clear that it meant something more than using a copyright license. It " -"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and " +"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and " "that symbolism has many layers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1599 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2136,12 +2409,12 @@ msgid "" "reflect a belief in the promise of sharing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1613 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " -"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " +"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create " "something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the " "copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a " "marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be " @@ -2150,33 +2423,40 @@ msgid "" "connection." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1625 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " "what you do. In our interviews, we always asked what success looked like for " -"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper " +"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper " "purpose and a different vision of success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1638 msgid "" -"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " +"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " +"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +msgid "" +"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start " -"doing what they do for love.”2 But when you share your creative work under a " -"CC license, that dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for " -"technological innovators, it is often less about creating a specific new " -"thing that will make you rich and more about solving a specific problem you " -"have. The creators of Arduino told us that the key question when creating " -"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal " -"use and meaning.”" +"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But " +"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even " +"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less " +"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about " +"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that " +"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to " +"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2187,8 +2467,8 @@ msgid "" "OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1659 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2199,16 +2479,16 @@ msgid "" "connection are integral to success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " "enough money to keep the lights on." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2220,35 +2500,55 @@ msgid "" "advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1691 +msgid "Ibid., 55." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1686 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " "painting. Technology can’t change that. But other costs are dramatically " "reduced by technology, particularly in production-heavy domains like " -"filmmaking.3 CC-licensed content and content in the public domain, as well " -"as the work of volunteer collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs " -"if they’re being used as resources to create something new. And, of course, " -"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the " -"creator is paid because it is a labor of love." +"filmmaking.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-licensed content and " +"content in the public domain, as well as the work of volunteer " +"collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs if they’re being used as " +"resources to create something new. And, of course, there is the reality that " +"some content would be created whether or not the creator is paid because it " +"is a labor of love." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 +msgid "" +"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " +"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " +"224." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " -"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " -"The costs to distribute physical copies are still significant, but lower " -"than they have been historically. And it is now much easier to print and " -"distribute physical copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on " -"the endeavor, there can be a whole host of other possible expenses like " -"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways " -"money is being made, like touring or custom training." +"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical " +"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. " +"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, " +"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole " +"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even " +"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring " +"or custom training." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1725 +msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2258,18 +2558,19 @@ msgid "" "got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your " "time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.”5 Previously, distribution of creative work " -"involved the costs associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now " -"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of " -"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest." +"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with " +"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work themselves. " +"That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a lot more " +"modest." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " -"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " -"You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " +"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " +"need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit " "looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those " "Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot " "different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It " @@ -2279,8 +2580,8 @@ msgid "" "day to day.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1745 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2289,81 +2590,128 @@ msgid "" "pursue this new way of operating." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1753 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " "“problem zero.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371 -msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1765 +msgid "" +"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " +"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1779 +msgid "" +"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " +"2012), 64." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1760 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " "to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean " -"something, for anything to work at all.”6 There isn’t any magic to finding " -"your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to connect " -"with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some " -"ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so " -"there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This " -"is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less " -"about mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every " -"particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different " -"wants and needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way " -"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to " -"the masses." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is certainly " +"no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them some " +"artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. " +"Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every obscure " +"interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the " +"Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass “hits” and " +"more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We " +"are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " +"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"what appeals to the masses." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1792 +msgid "" +"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " +"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1798 +msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802 +msgid "" +"Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " +"York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1785 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " "get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows " "larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for " "attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing " -"against creativity generated outside the market as well.8 Anderson wrote, " -"“The greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people " -"spend consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”9 To top it " -"all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, " -"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, " -"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people." +"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the past " +"decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur content " +"instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> " +"To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too" +"—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " +"town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have " +"to get noticed by the right people." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1816 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " "is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for your work is " "part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost has a big effect " -"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between " +"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between " "something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of " -"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It " -"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on " -"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. " -"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting " -"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is " -"counterproductive." +"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That doesn’t mean it is wrong " +"to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the " +"effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to " +"restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get " +"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work " +"and sharing it with others is counterproductive." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 +msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1826 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " -"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12" +"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2375,82 +2723,100 @@ msgid "" "community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1851 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " "with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to " -"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13" +"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " +"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " "convenient to ever fully stop it. Try as the copyright industry might to " "persuade us otherwise, copying a copyrighted work just doesn’t feel like " -"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing " -"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it." +"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing a " +"creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " "playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your " "work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money " -"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they " -"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-" -"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and " -"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a " -"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared " -"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from " -"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all " -"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them." +"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will " +"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution " +"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them " +"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality " +"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this " +"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital images. " +"But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the opportunities " +"that sharing unlocked for them." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1884 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1880 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " -"potentially abundant resource it is.14 When you see information abundance as " -"a feature, not a bug, you start thinking about the ways to use the idling " -"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric " -"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " +"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.”" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1895 +msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " -"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " -"Similarly, the makers of the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop " -"people from copying their hardware, so they decided not to even try and " -"instead look for the benefits of being open. For them, the result is one of " -"the most ubiquitous pieces of hardware in the world, with a thriving online " -"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work " -"they never could have done otherwise." +"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the " +"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " +"hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits " +"of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of " +"hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and " +"innovators that have done things with their work they never could have done " +"otherwise." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1905 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 -msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1909 +msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1911 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2462,8 +2828,8 @@ msgid "" "what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1923 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2472,39 +2838,64 @@ msgid "" "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1939 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " -"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " +"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " "Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are " "doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying " "this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well " -"put things everywhere.”16 This strategy is what often motivates companies to " -"make their products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic " -"applies to making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is " -"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more " -"accessible and likely to spread." +"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This " +"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and " +"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content " +"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can " +"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to " +"spread." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +msgid "Ibid., 132." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958 +msgid "Ibid., 70." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1948 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " "The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " -"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply " -"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large " -"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18" +"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd " +"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial " +"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515 -msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1963 +msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1977 +msgid "" +"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " +"Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how rarely " +"they are invoked.”" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1965 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2514,15 +2905,15 @@ msgid "" "norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " "people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " "anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " -"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes " -"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people " -"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case " -"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of " -"fairness as providing credit." +"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the " +"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow " +"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward " +"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2536,14 +2927,14 @@ msgid "" "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " "came from—the source of a work is sometimes just as interesting as the work " "itself. Opendesk is a platform for furniture designers to share their " -"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local " +"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local " "makers who turn the designs into real-life furniture. The fact that I, " "sitting in the middle of the United States, can pick out a design created by " "a designer in Tokyo and then use a maker within my own community to " @@ -2551,8 +2942,8 @@ msgid "" "platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2017 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2562,13 +2953,13 @@ msgid "" "is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563 -msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027 +msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2029 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2578,8 +2969,13 @@ msgid "" "people to your other product or service." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2588,14 +2984,15 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " "Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " "music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " -"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion." +"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be " +"a form of promotion." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2055 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2605,19 +3002,19 @@ msgid "" "marketing. The textbook publisher OpenStax has also avoided hiring a " "marketing team. Their products are free, or cheaper to buy in the case of " "physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then " -"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service " +"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service " "providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money " "and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax " "textbooks)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599 -msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2072 +msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2075 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2625,129 +3022,202 @@ msgid "" "public participation in creative work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2089 +msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2082 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " -"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. " -"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content " -"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to " -"adapt a photo is less important." +"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing " +"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to " +"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. " +"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2107 +msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2110 +msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2115 +msgid "" +"Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " +"Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2097 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " "don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they " -"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”22 If even the tiny act of " -"volition of paying one penny for something changes our perception of that " -"thing, then surely the act of remixing it enhances our perception " -"exponentially.23 We know that people will pay more for products they had a " -"part in creating.24 And we know that creating something, no matter what " -"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be " -"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25" +"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one penny for " +"something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the act of " +"remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " +"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " +"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " +"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " +"created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2128 +msgid "Ibid., 21." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" "media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " "Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as " "if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the " -"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied " -"to your work." +"event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your " +"content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636 -msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2134 +msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143 +msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " "are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like using digital rights " "management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, can tie the hands of " -"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.27 Being Made " -"with Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in " -"many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David " -"Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know that " -"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the " -"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”" +"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can " +"function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " +"openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " +"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " +"“Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David said. " +"“Change the rules of engagement.”" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2155 +msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650 -msgid "### Making Money" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165 +msgid "" +"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit " +"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink url=" +"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " -"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " +"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " "Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually " "beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, " "governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out " "of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding " -"operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that " -"are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, " -"where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard " -"market transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo " -"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the " -"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." +"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the " +"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are " +"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for " +"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other " +"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " +"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " +"sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186 +msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " "for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets " -"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29" +"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " +"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " "interviewed. There is nuance hidden within the specific ways each of them " "makes money, so it is a bit dangerous to generalize too much about what we " -"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of " +"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of " "abstraction can be instructive." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682 -msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2199 +msgid "Market-based revenue streams" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2211 +msgid "" +"Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " +"(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " -"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " -"Made with Creative Commons, the content you provide is available for free " -"and not a market commodity. Like the ubiquitous freemium business model, any " -"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based " -"on some added value you provide.31" +"is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content " +"you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the " +"ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a " +"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2217 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2756,28 +3226,34 @@ msgid "" "industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the fact that at " "least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That means you may end " "up competing with free versions of your own content, whether you condone it " -"or not.32 If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to " -"buy it will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content " -"is more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright " -"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply " -"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”" +"or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find " +"your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, " +"particularly in a context where access to content is more important than " +"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether " +"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the " +"force of gravity.”" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 +msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " "or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the " -"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " +"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a " "new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the " "content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, " "“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least " -"different from the free version.”33" +"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2787,8 +3263,8 @@ msgid "" "with Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2259 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -2796,66 +3272,77 @@ msgid "" "functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2270 msgid "" -"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED" -"\\]*" +"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" +"BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2280 +msgid "Ibid., 97." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2273 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " -"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " -"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 " -"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services " -"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information " +"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " +"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything " +"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2287 +msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740 -msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2294 +msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2290 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " -"and atoms refer to a physical object).35 This is particularly successful in " -"domains where the digital version of the content isn’t as valuable as the " -"analog version, like book publishing where a significant subset of people " -"still prefer reading something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains " -"where the content isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture " -"designs. In those situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay " -"for the convenience of having someone else put the physical version together " -"for them. Some endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by " -"using a Creative Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which " -"means no one else can sell physical copies of their work in competition with " -"them. This strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly " -"important for items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is " -"likely to be the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one " -"publishing service from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture " -"or electronics, the provider of the physical goods can compete with other " -"providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional " -"business principles." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763 -msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771 +"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version " +"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing " +"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can " +"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it " +"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a " +"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having " +"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors " +"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons " +"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can " +"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy " +"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like " +"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same " +"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from " +"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the " +"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same " +"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2318 +msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2321 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2865,13 +3352,13 @@ msgid "" "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 -msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2332 +msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2335 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2879,51 +3366,68 @@ msgid "" "revenue stream for museums and galleries." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2352 +msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2342 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " -"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " +"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " "these revenue streams, the free content is being subsidized by an entirely " "different category of people or businesses. Often, those people or " "businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the " "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " -"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 " -"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—" -"there are other services you can provide as well." +"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the " +"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can " +"provide as well." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2359 +msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2367 +msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791 -msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2362 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " "reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their " -"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the " -"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become " -"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " +"audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made " +"this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available " +"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " "many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " "Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " "an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " "endeavor." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804 -msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2380 +msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2383 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " -"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " +"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " "available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " "The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” " "of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of " @@ -2933,31 +3437,38 @@ msgid "" "website." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816 -msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2397 +msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " -"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " -"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-" -"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when " -"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms " -"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for " -"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker " -"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform." +"transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun " +"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-" +"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " +"transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service " +"providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money " +"every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one " +"of the designs on the platform." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828 -msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2414 +msgid "" +"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2967,13 +3478,13 @@ msgid "" "the platform more discoverable and reusable." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 -msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2427 +msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2985,13 +3496,13 @@ msgid "" "abundance of CC content." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848 -msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2442 +msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2444 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2999,8 +3510,8 @@ msgid "" "scarcity." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2451 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3013,8 +3524,8 @@ msgid "" "given and received is strictly equal.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3023,22 +3534,34 @@ msgid "" "human species survive and evolve.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2474 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 +msgid "Ibid., 134." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2472 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " -"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " -"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of " -"value.41" +"that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"We almost can’t help but think of relationships in the market as being " +"centered on an even-steven exchange of value.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876 -msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2483 +msgid "" +"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2486 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3052,13 +3575,13 @@ msgid "" "a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890 -msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2502 +msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2505 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -3070,13 +3593,13 @@ msgid "" "situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902 -msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2518 +msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2521 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -3088,13 +3611,13 @@ msgid "" "community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " "Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are " "bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " -"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " +"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " "something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " "without hesitation: of course.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2539 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -3104,13 +3627,13 @@ msgid "" "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926 -msgid "### Making Human Connections" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550 +msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -3120,40 +3643,40 @@ msgid "" "Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay " "for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed " "educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation " -"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward " -"what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " +"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what " +"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the " "traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made " "with Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " -"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather " -"than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, " -"personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do." +"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than " +"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, " +"and creative connections with the people who value what they do." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2576 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " "Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2581 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " "wrong on so many counts." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3165,8 +3688,8 @@ msgid "" "with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2597 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3180,33 +3703,47 @@ msgid "" "with each other." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2611 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " -"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to " +"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to " "each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982 -msgid "#### Be human" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2618 +msgid "Be human" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2622 +msgid "" +"Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " +"Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " -"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " -"we are interacting, the less caring our behavior will be. While the " -"Internet has democratized cultural production, increased access to " -"knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy " -"forget we are dealing with another human." +"each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " +"removed we are from the person with whom we are interacting, the less caring " +"our behavior will be. While the Internet has democratized cultural " +"production, increased access to knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary " +"ways, it can also make it easy forget we are dealing with another human." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2646 +msgid "" +"Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " +"Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2633 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3217,11 +3754,12 @@ msgid "" "where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories " "you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and " "what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they " -"understand about your work affects how they value it.”43" +"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2652 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3229,70 +3767,108 @@ msgid "" "You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is " "suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a " "lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the " -"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the " -"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful " -"way." +"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy " +"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2672 +msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2664 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " "dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" -"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But " -"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. You " +"can’t fake being human." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2678 +msgid "Be open and accountable" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2687 +msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022 -msgid "#### Be open and accountable" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2692 +msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2680 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " "“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be " "honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda " "Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically " -"communicating.”45 It isn’t about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to " -"sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale " -"and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46" +"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about " +"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but " +"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it " +"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2701 +msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2708 +msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2696 msgid "" -"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " +"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" "denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " -"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking " -"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, " -"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you " -"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it " -"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get " -"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps " -"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested " -"in what you do." +"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and " +"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and " +"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to " +"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting " +"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when " +"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that " +"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and " +"invested in what you do." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 -msgid "#### Design for the good actors" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2720 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 +msgid "Ibid., 31." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2718 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " -"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " -"is a fiction—we are much more complicated beings with a whole range of " -"needs, emotions, and motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together " -"and ensure fairness.50 Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " +"own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " +"relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " +"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. " +"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " "assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " "motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As " "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try " @@ -3302,21 +3878,31 @@ msgid "" "design for the good actors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2743 +msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2737 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " "people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " "opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " -"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that " -"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, " -"we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social " -"instincts." +"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something " +"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that " +"encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2750 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3325,57 +3911,80 @@ msgid "" "make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any " "organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and " "workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—" -"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, " -"they do." +"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2765 +msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 -msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2778 +msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2767 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " -"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " -"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are " -"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. " -"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " -"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " -"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54" +"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one of the few to " +"reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering that the " +"people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to " +"answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends vast " +"quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making a " +"point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2782 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " "ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2793 +msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +msgid "Ibid., 105." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2788 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " "to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " -"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors " -"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important " -"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors " -"generate. That does not mean you can solve this problem by simply paying " -"contributors for their time or contributions. As soon as we introduce money " -"into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value " -"in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56" +"customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms " +"that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an " +"exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay " +"back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve " +"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. " +"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a " +"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can " +"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 -msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2808 +msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2810 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3387,12 +3996,12 @@ msgid "" "connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " -"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their " +"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their " "success to having been outspoken about the fundamental values that guide " "what they do. As a for-profit company, they think their expressed commitment " "to low-income students and open licensing has been critical to their " @@ -3400,77 +4009,152 @@ msgid "" "operate." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2837 +msgid "Ibid., 36." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " -"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It " -"attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust." +"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, " +"motivates contributors, and builds trust." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 -msgid "#### Build a community" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 +msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2851 +msgid "" +"Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " +"2012), 36." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2845 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "" +#| "Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when " +#| "community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " +#| "collaborating together to create something new, or it may simply be a " +#| "collection of like-minded people who get to know each other and rally " +#| "around common interests or beliefs. To a certain extent, simply being " +#| "Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +#| "community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +#| "are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC.” Amanda Palmer, the other " +#| "musician profiled in the book, would surely add this from her case study: " +#| "“There is no more satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that " +#| "what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " -"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 " -"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically " -"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-" -"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using " -"CC." +"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being " +"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." +msgstr "" +"Sara pisze: „Prace nad »Made with Creative Commons« nabierają rozmachu, " +"ponieważ wokół tego projektu jest budowana wspólnota celu. Może to oznaczać, " +"że ta społeczność współpracuje nad stworzeniem czegoś nowego, lub że tworzy " +"się zbiór ludzi podobnie myślących, wzajemnie się poznających, i " +"„maszerujących” w rytm wspólnych zainteresowań i przekonań. Do pewnego " +"stopnia, utożsamianie się z »Made with Creative Commons« niesie ze sobą " +"element społeczny, pomagający łączyć się z ludźmi podobnie myślącymi, " +"uznającymi — i kształtowanymi poprzez — wartości symbolizowane podczas " +"używania CC”. Amanda Palmer, również przedstawicielka „muzycznego” profilu " +"tej książki, mogłaby z pewnością od siebie dodać: „Nie ma bardziej " +"satysfakcjonującej nagrody po osiagnięciu ostatecznego celu, niż usłyszenie " +"od kogoś, że »[...] to, co ty robisz, ma dla mnie wartość wyjątkową«”." + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2867 +msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2874 +msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2859 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " "fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of " "Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda " "Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive " -"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little family.”59 For " -"organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or " -"goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping " -"into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " -"communities that drive open organizations.”60" +"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little " +"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red " +"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim " +"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is " +"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that " +"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2886 +msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2890 +msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2878 msgid "" -"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " -"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " +"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " +"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " "ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. " "And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which " "isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable " -"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building " -"true community requires giving people within the community the power to " -"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are " +"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community requires giving people " +"within the community the power to create or influence the rules that govern " +"the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> If the rules are " "created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a " "voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2896 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 -msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2902 +msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +msgid "" +"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " +"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink url=" +"\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +msgid "" +"Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " +"new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2904 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3478,30 +4162,38 @@ msgid "" "Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the " "anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are " -"purely about monetizing access.63 As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The " -"Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same " -"product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is " -"not sharing." +"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As " +"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing " +"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather " +"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2937 +msgid "" +"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” " +"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +"technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2927 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " "which to extract value. Part of giving back to the ecosystem is contributing " "content back to the public under CC licenses. But it doesn’t have to just be " -"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " +"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " "social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by " "incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with " -"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling.65 " -"Opendesk contributes to its community by committing to help its designers " -"make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its " -"platform effectively." +"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its " +"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " +"actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2946 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3512,27 +4204,50 @@ msgid "" "add outweighs the value provided by you." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 -msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957 +msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2962 +msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2966 +msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3037 +msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2959 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " -"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " -"make collaboration work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, " -"and the people within the group have to find satisfaction from being " -"involved.67 This is easier to facilitate for some types of creative work " -"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when " -"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for " -"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68" +"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, " +"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the " +"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " +"creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate " +"best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly " +"for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2986 +msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2977 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3540,234 +4255,126 @@ msgid "" "own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small " "contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, " "and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t " -"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247 -msgid "" -"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " -"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " -"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—perhaps " -"more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the equation, even " -"within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, “Sometimes the value of " -"professional work trumps the value of amateur sharing or a feeling of " -"belonging.70 The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its " -"material for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather " -"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they " -"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional " -"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for " -"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. " -"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement " -"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was " -"the writing, the music itself.”71" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258 -msgid "" -"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " -"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " -"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " -"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " -"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " -"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and " -"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) " -"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—" -"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73" +"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267 -msgid "" -"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " -"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " -"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. " -"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but " -"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The " -"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of " -"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into " -"active participants.75" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2998 +msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 -msgid "" -"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " -"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3010 +msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2990 msgid "" -"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " -"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." +"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " +"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " +"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " +"sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " +"free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping " +"the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they invest a " +"significant amount of time and money to develop professional content. For " +"individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for what they do, " +"community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician " +"Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, " +"said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the " +"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 -msgid "Ibid., 55." +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3021 +msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3028 msgid "" -"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " -"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " -"224." +"Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " +"within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 -msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3014 msgid "" -"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " -"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." +"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " +"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " +"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and " +"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called " +"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in " +"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a " +"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 " +"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance mentality—" +"treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an environment " +"where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3045 msgid "" -"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " -"2012), 64." +"Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " +"Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3034 msgid "" -"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " -"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." +"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " +"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " +"motivations.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> What that looks like " +"varies wildly depending on the project. Not every endeavor that is Made with " +"Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to " +"invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration " +"is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your " +"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 -#, no-wrap +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3054 +#, fuzzy +#| msgid "Made With Creative Commons" +msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" +msgstr "Made With Creative Commons" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3056 msgid "" -"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" -"10. Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy\n" -" (New York: Morgan James, 2016), 10.\n" -"11. Anderson, Free, 62.\n" -"12. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38.\n" -"13. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68.\n" -"14. Anderson, Free, 86.\n" -"15. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144.\n" -"16. Anderson, Free, 123.\n" -"17. Ibid., 132.\n" -"18. Ibid., 70.\n" -"19. James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books,\n" -" 2005), 124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and\n" -" contracts is how rarely they are invoked.”\n" -"20. Anderson, Free, 44.\n" -"21. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23.\n" -"22. Anderson, Free, 67.\n" -"23. Ibid., 58.\n" -"24. Anderson, Makers, 71.\n" -"25. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into\n" -" Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78.\n" -"26. Ibid., 21.\n" -"27. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43.\n" -"28. William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten\n" -" Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring\n" -" 2009, ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models.\n" -"29. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111.\n" -"30. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30.\n" -"31. Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and\n" -" Performance (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202.\n" -"32. Anderson, Free, 71.\n" -"33. Ibid., 231.\n" -"34. Ibid., 97.\n" -"35. Anderson, Makers, 107.\n" -"36. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89.\n" -"37. Ibid., 92.\n" -"38. Anderson, Free, 142.\n" -"39. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32.\n" -"40. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150.\n" -"41. Ibid., 134.\n" -"42. Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our\n" -" Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109.\n" -"43. Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and\n" -" Get Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93.\n" -"44. Kramer, Shareology, 76.\n" -"45. Palmer, Art of Asking, 252.\n" -"46. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145.\n" -"47. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203.\n" -"48. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80.\n" -"49. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25.\n" -"50. Ibid., 31.\n" -"51. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112.\n" -"52. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124.\n" -"53. Kleon, Show Your Work, 127.\n" -"54. Palmer, Art of Asking, 121.\n" -"55. Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87.\n" -"56. Ibid., 105.\n" -"57. Ibid., 36.\n" -"58. Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly\n" -" Media, 2012), 36.\n" -"59. Palmer, Art of Asking, 98.\n" -"60. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34.\n" -"61. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200.\n" -"62. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29.\n" -"63. Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about\n" -" Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28,\n" -" 2015, hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all.\n" -"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" -" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" -"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" -" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" -"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" -"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" -"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" -"69. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144.\n" -"70. Ibid., 154.\n" -"71. Palmer, Art of Asking, 163.\n" -"72. Anderson, Makers, 173.\n" -"73. Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the\n" -" Potential within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82.\n" -"74. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" -"75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of\n" -" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372 -msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385 -msgid "" -"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " +"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " -"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " +"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " "There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set " "of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic " -"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " +"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " "most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for " "commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses " "are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators " "might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3070 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3074 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3083 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3775,15 +4382,16 @@ msgid "" "Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3100 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3793,30 +4401,32 @@ msgid "" "also allow commercial use." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3119 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " "credit to you." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3125 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3824,30 +4434,32 @@ msgid "" "same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3150 msgid "" -"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " +"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " "credit you and license their new creations under the same terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " -"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3166 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3855,47 +4467,49 @@ msgid "" "change them or use them commercially." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3173 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " "existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3180 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" -"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3194 msgid "" -"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" -"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" +"<imageobject> <imagedata fileref=" +"\"Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png\" width=\"40.0%\"/> " +"</imageobject>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3208 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" "ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " "licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " "tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " @@ -3904,13 +4518,13 @@ msgid "" "involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3219 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " -"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " +"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " "license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" "SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " @@ -3919,8 +4533,8 @@ msgid "" "prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3233 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3928,14 +4542,14 @@ msgid "" "portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " "In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " "revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " -"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The " -"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. " +"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " "popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " "a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3246 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3943,8 +4557,8 @@ msgid "" "medical subject matter is particularly important to get right." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3253 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3957,107 +4571,104 @@ msgid "" "domains." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3265 msgid "Note" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3268 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " -"Your Work” at" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510 -msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." +"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 -msgid "# The Case Studies" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3276 +msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3279 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " "the global Creative Commons community. We selected eighty potential " "candidates that represented a mix of industries, content types, revenue " -"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected " +"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected " "from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other " "twelve were selected by us." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3289 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " -"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " +"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " "each case study is to tell the story about the endeavor and the role sharing " "plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we " "interviewed." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 -msgid "## Arduino" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3297 +msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3300 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 -msgid "www.arduino.cc" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 msgid "" -"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " -"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " -"sell Arduino products using their name)" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " +"copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " +"(fees paid by those who want to sell Arduino products using their name)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223 -msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4153 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 -msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3315 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " +"Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7398 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8922 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3323 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4072,8 +4683,8 @@ msgid "" "General Public License." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3337 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4083,19 +4694,19 @@ msgid "" "software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3347 msgid "" -"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " +"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " "Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different " -"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this “ended " -"up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " +"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this " +"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of " "building.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3355 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -4105,19 +4716,19 @@ msgid "" "lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3364 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " "Tinker, in London. Tinker designed products and services that bridged the " "digital and the physical, and they taught people how to use new technologies " -"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and " +"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and " "enhancing Arduino." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3373 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4126,23 +4737,23 @@ msgid "" "customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3381 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " "get them out into the world. They started out with two hundred boards, sold " "them, and made a little profit. They used that to make another thousand, " -"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, " +"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, " "they simply tried to generate enough funding to keep the venture going day " "to day. When they hit the ten thousand mark, they started to think about " "Arduino as a company. By then it was clear you can open-source the design " -"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality " +"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality " "product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3395 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4157,19 +4768,19 @@ msgid "" "helpful to novices and experts alike." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3409 msgid "" -"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " -"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " +"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " +"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " "wanted to make theirs available at a low price to people across a wide range " "of industries. As with any business, pricing was key. They wanted prices " "that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the " "business." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3417 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4178,8 +4789,8 @@ msgid "" "source way can only help you.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3425 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4192,8 +4803,8 @@ msgid "" "new version is equally free and open." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3437 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4205,21 +4816,27 @@ msgid "" "Arduino community use and incorporate into new products." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3448 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " "boards, new products have been added ranging from enhanced boards that " "provide advanced functionality and faster performance, to boards for " -"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " +"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " "full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller " "form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a " -"board to give it extra features), and kits.1" +"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3460 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4232,8 +4849,8 @@ msgid "" "solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3473 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4246,20 +4863,20 @@ msgid "" "low-quality copies." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3485 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " -"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " -"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " +"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " +"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " "Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " "Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " "The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" "generating model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3495 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4269,8 +4886,13 @@ msgid "" "critical tool for Arduino." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3516 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3504 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4282,21 +4904,22 @@ msgid "" "Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of " "explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played " "out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, " -"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2" +"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3519 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " "more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and " -"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that " -"help other people make things.”" +"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things " +"that help other people make things.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4305,89 +4928,67 @@ msgid "" "says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3535 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " "manufacturing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242 -msgid "Web links" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 -msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 -msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 -msgid "## Ártica" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3541 +msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3544 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " "culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739 -msgid "www.articaonline.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 -msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " +"services" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 -msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3554 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 -msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3556 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " +"Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5725 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3564 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4395,13 +4996,13 @@ msgid "" "themselves." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3570 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4413,8 +5014,8 @@ msgid "" "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3585 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4423,13 +5024,13 @@ msgid "" "by creating a MOOC (massive open online course) about remix culture and " "collaboration in the arts, which gave them a direct way to reach an " "international audience, attracting students from across Latin America and " -"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to " +"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to " "directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or " "intermediaries." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3598 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4440,8 +5041,8 @@ msgid "" "provide it for free and charge for the personalized services." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3608 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4451,8 +5052,8 @@ msgid "" "classes on more specialized topics." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4461,18 +5062,18 @@ msgid "" "commissioned by individual artists." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3625 msgid "" -"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " +"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " -"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " +"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " "the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new " "resource they create opens new doors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3633 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4482,14 +5083,14 @@ msgid "" "viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix " "their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online " "educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep " -"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " +"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do " "the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are " "willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a " "fair and ethical agreement.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3649 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4498,8 +5099,8 @@ msgid "" "open up new opportunities for their business." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3657 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4510,8 +5111,8 @@ msgid "" "evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3667 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4521,26 +5122,26 @@ msgid "" "ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3676 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " "people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” " -"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " +"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the " "relationships.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3684 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " "and share their knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3689 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4554,29 +5155,29 @@ msgid "" "and culture." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3702 msgid "" -"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " -"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " +"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " +"resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " "collaborators on a case-by-case basis and hire contractors for specific " "projects. Whenever possible, they draw from artistic and cultural resources " "in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, " "efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 msgid "" -"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " +"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " -"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " +"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For " "Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and " "purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4585,42 +5186,44 @@ msgid "" "what it looks like.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883 -msgid "## Blender Institute" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3727 +msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3730 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888 -msgid "www.blender.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3735 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3737 msgid "" -"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " -"copies, selling merchandise" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " +"(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893 -msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3741 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 -msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3743 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " +"production coordinator" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3751 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4632,8 +5235,8 @@ msgid "" "concrete ways." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3762 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4644,21 +5247,21 @@ msgid "" "the creative and technical community working together." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3772 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " -"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " +"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " "production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t " "make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " -"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in " +"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in " "the software, so he began marketing the software to the public, offering a " "free version in addition to a paid version. Sales were disappointing, and " "his investors gave up on the endeavor in the early 2000s. He made a deal " @@ -4666,8 +5269,8 @@ msgid "" "Blender software available under the GNU General Public License." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3790 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4680,8 +5283,8 @@ msgid "" "the project could live.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3802 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4690,22 +5293,22 @@ msgid "" "Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3810 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " "Blender software. Ton put a call online for all interested and skilled " "artists. Francesco said the idea was to get the best artists available, put " "them in a building together with the best developers, and have them work " -"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, " +"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, " "they would improve the Blender software in the process." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3820 msgid "" -"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " +"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " "succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible " @@ -4713,8 +5316,8 @@ msgid "" "“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3829 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4723,8 +5326,8 @@ msgid "" "and its animated characters were picked up by marketers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3837 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4733,40 +5336,40 @@ msgid "" "number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " "the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " "projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the " -"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with " -"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" +"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work " +"with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3850 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " -"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " +"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " "crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust " "Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective " "community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community " "who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3859 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " "some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a " -"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes " -"home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" +"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone " +"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3867 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " "Cloud, a subscription-style crowdfunding model akin to the online " "crowdfunding platform, Patreon. For about ten euros each month, subscribers " "get access to download everything the Blender Institute produces—software, " -"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an " +"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an " "Attribution license (CC BY) or placed in the public domain (CC0), but they " "are initially made available only to subscribers. Blender Cloud enables " "subscribers to follow Blender’s movie projects as they develop, sharing " @@ -4775,8 +5378,8 @@ msgid "" "assets used in various projects." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3882 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4784,10 +5387,10 @@ msgid "" "“and for artists, freedom is everything.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 msgid "" -"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " +"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " "toward software development and maintenance. The revenue streams of the " "Institute and Foundation are deliberately kept separate. Blender also has " @@ -4795,8 +5398,8 @@ msgid "" "DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4804,8 +5407,8 @@ msgid "" "Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3905 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4816,65 +5419,67 @@ msgid "" "reproduce what you did,” Ton said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3915 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 -msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3919 +msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044 -msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 -msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " +"copies" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 -msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3932 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 -msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3935 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3943 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " "it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3949 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" "the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " -"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " -"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " "of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity " "advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4883,8 +5488,8 @@ msgid "" "and international editions as well." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4892,8 +5497,8 @@ msgid "" "the numbers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3973 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4902,16 +5507,16 @@ msgid "" "new game unto itself." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3981 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " "cult following." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3986 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4920,54 +5525,54 @@ msgid "" "Eve because they were too nerdy to be invited to other parties. The game was " "a hit, so they decided to put it up online as a free PDF. People started " "asking if they could pay to have the game printed for them, and eventually " -"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their " -"Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially " +"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their " +"Kickstarter goal at $4,000—and raised $15,000. The game was officially " "released in May 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " "it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4005 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " -"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " +"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " "hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb " "questions.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4011 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " "illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United States, " "Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving holiday, the " "biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for " -"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " +"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they " "struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to " "support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, " "particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what " -"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " -"Costs \\$5 More sale." +"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything " +"Costs $5 More sale." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4025 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " "People totally caught the joke.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4030 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4975,44 +5580,43 @@ msgid "" "there is transparency about what you are doing.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " -"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5 event, where people " -"literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make " -"the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single " -"day." +"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally " +"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke " +"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " -"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards " +"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards " "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " "jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It " -"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost " -"of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " +"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of " +"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many " "benefits.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4058 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " -"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " +"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " "Creative Commons license gives fans of Cards Against Humanity the freedom to " "run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today " "there are thousands of fan expansions of the game." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4066 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5020,48 +5624,48 @@ msgid "" "world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4073 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " -"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " +"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also " "requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same " "licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also " "polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand " -"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " +"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the " "time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, " "and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where " "they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4087 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " -"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " +"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " "every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The " "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " -"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " +"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The " "slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to " "write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4097 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " -"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, " +"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, " "the eight initial creators remain the primary authors of expansion decks and " -"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity " -"of their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their " +"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity of " +"their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their " "original work is created and published when people make their own " "adaptations of the game." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4108 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -5070,19 +5674,18 @@ msgid "" "said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4115 msgid "" -"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " -"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " -"interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our " -"lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from " -"the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game " -"into it.”" +"In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " +"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests " +"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A " +"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest " +"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4123 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5091,8 +5694,8 @@ msgid "" "opportunities to extract more money from customers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4131 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -5100,38 +5703,40 @@ msgid "" "who you are and why you’re making things.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212 -msgid "## The Conversation" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4139 +msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4142 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " "Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218 -msgid "theconversation.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 msgid "" -"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " -"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " +"creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " +"writers), grant funding" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 -msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4164 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5141,8 +5746,8 @@ msgid "" "go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4174 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5151,8 +5756,8 @@ msgid "" "focus on the sensational and sexy." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4181 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5172,23 +5777,23 @@ msgid "" "at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4202 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " "about pairing professional editors with university and research experts, " "working one-on-one to refine everything from story structure to headline, " -"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic " -"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " +"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is " +"academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " "chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " "Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " "whatever they want." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5201,8 +5806,8 @@ msgid "" "in the Conversation is openly licensed with Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4228 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5213,24 +5818,30 @@ msgid "" "readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4241 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4239 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " -"conduct.1 These include fully disclosing who every author is (with their " -"relevant expertise); who is funding their research; and if there are any " -"potential or real conflicts of interest. Also important is where the content " -"originates, and even though it comes from the university and research " -"community, it still needs to be fully disclosed. The Conversation does not " -"sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes access to information is an issue of " -"equality—everyone should have access, like access to clean water. The " -"Conversation is committed to an open and free Internet. Everyone should have " -"free access to their content, and be able to share it or republish it." +"conduct.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These include fully " +"disclosing who every author is (with their relevant expertise); who is " +"funding their research; and if there are any potential or real conflicts of " +"interest. Also important is where the content originates, and even though it " +"comes from the university and research community, it still needs to be fully " +"disclosed. The Conversation does not sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes " +"access to information is an issue of equality—everyone should have access, " +"like access to clean water. The Conversation is committed to an open and " +"free Internet. Everyone should have free access to their content, and be " +"able to share it or republish it." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4254 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5243,18 +5854,18 @@ msgid "" "everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4266 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " -"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " -"primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and marketing, " -"they do promote their work through social media (including Twitter and " -"Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News." +"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " +"grown primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and " +"marketing, they do promote their work through social media (including " +"Twitter and Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4274 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5264,8 +5875,8 @@ msgid "" "this model. It takes no advertising and is a not-for-profit venture." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4283 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5276,8 +5887,8 @@ msgid "" "working with university scholars from even more parts of the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5287,8 +5898,8 @@ msgid "" "improve coverage and features." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4302 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5297,11 +5908,11 @@ msgid "" "the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4309 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " -"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " +"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " "get access to a large audience. Every author and member university has " "access to a special analytics dashboard where they can check the reach of an " "article. The metrics include what people are tweeting, the comments, " @@ -5309,8 +5920,8 @@ msgid "" "and the number of readers per article." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4319 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5319,16 +5930,16 @@ msgid "" "submit a journal paper, and consult a company on a topic." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4327 msgid "" -"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " +"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " "of value." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4332 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5337,50 +5948,39 @@ msgid "" "good and operational revenue at the same time." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410 -msgid "Web link" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 -msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4341 +msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 -msgid "## Cory Doctorow" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4344 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 -msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4347 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" +"\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4350 msgid "" -"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " -"selling translation rights to books" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " +"copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391 -msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4354 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4362 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5390,16 +5990,16 @@ msgid "" "important thing I know how to do.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4371 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " "sharing it." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4376 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5410,16 +6010,16 @@ msgid "" "Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4387 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " "his work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5427,7 +6027,7 @@ msgid "" "lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the public " "interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic Frontier " "Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that " -"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " +"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, " "but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more " "importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work " "is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I " @@ -5436,23 +6036,23 @@ msgid "" "people to like what I do would be gone.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4409 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " "stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get " "rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery " "tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it " -"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.” " -"He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but he says he " -"would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long " -"before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep " -"myself sane.”" +"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the " +"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but " +"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he " +"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing " +"to keep myself sane.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4422 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5463,8 +6063,8 @@ msgid "" "symbolizes his worldview." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4432 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5475,12 +6075,12 @@ msgid "" "thieves,” he said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4442 msgid "" -"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " +"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " -"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " +"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and " "his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, " "they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a " "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " @@ -5489,8 +6089,8 @@ msgid "" "and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4455 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5499,18 +6099,18 @@ msgid "" "can only do it because he is an established author." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4463 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " -"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " +"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for " "people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, " "but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4471 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5518,18 +6118,18 @@ msgid "" "interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool " "things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney " "that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a " -"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience " -"can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being " -"able to remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the " -"creative industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is " -"pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" +"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t " +"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to " +"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " +"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " +"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4486 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " -"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " +"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " "verbatim copying for noncommercial purposes. His later work is published " "under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which " "gives people the right to adapt his work for noncommercial purposes but only " @@ -5541,8 +6141,8 @@ msgid "" "are fan translations already available for free." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4501 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5552,29 +6152,29 @@ msgid "" "there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some " "other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the " "likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some " -"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " +"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that " "others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that " "I’ll get something.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" "for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " "platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " -"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " "Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to " "you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4525 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " -"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " +"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one " "hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed " "audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically " "sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for " @@ -5582,8 +6182,8 @@ msgid "" "try to take control over his work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4536 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5595,21 +6195,21 @@ msgid "" "soon." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4547 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " -"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " -"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " +"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you " +"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality " "means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when " -"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " +"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your " "artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to " "those people who have been touched by your work.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4558 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5618,67 +6218,69 @@ msgid "" "into other people’s hands and minds.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4566 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 -msgid "## Figshare" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4573 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " -"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK." +"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 -msgid "figshare.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 -msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " +"services to creators" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 -msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4584 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 -msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4587 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4595 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " "their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" "—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " -"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " +"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4606 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " "trusted? Answers have evolved over time." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4611 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5688,8 +6290,8 @@ msgid "" "complete research would lead to more citations and be better for his career." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4620 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5697,16 +6299,16 @@ msgid "" "online and share it with anyone. So he began working on a solution." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " "ensuring the research is citable for the long term." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5716,8 +6318,8 @@ msgid "" "for the provision of DOIs for research data." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4642 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -5726,36 +6328,36 @@ msgid "" "(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4650 msgid "" -"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " +"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " "People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " "opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4656 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " -"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " +"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " "code raised new licensing issues, as Creative Commons licenses are not used " "for software. To allow the sharing of software code, Mark chose the MIT " "license, but GNU and Apache licenses can also be used." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4664 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " -"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial " +"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial " "investment, and together they came up with a freemium-like business model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4671 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5767,8 +6369,8 @@ msgid "" "it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4682 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5779,8 +6381,8 @@ msgid "" "functionality for them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4692 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -5788,53 +6390,53 @@ msgid "" "Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " "this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " "also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" -"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. " -"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of " -"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, " -"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for " -"the data." +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and " +"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide " +"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and " +"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons " +"licenses for the data." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4706 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " -"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers " +"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers " "and academic institutions better manage and disseminate their research " "outputs. Institutions looking to comply with this new mandate became " "interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, " "adding services for institutions." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4716 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " "securely hosts research data of institutions in the cloud. Services include " "not just hosting but data metrics, data dissemination, and user-group " -"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for " +"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for " "institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, " "as well as of the researchers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4726 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " "the public domain). Funders who require researchers and institutions to use " "open licensing believe in the social responsibilities and benefits of making " -"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come " -"to be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some " -"institutions want to offer their researchers a choice, including less " -"permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " -"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." +"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to " +"be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions " +"want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses " +"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-" +"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5845,8 +6447,8 @@ msgid "" "negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4749 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5856,21 +6458,36 @@ msgid "" "license of choice." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4762 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" +"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4765 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" +"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4757 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " "As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " "subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " -"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into " -"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data " -"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing " -"any of the variables.2" +"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s " +"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely " +"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting " +"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4768 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5882,21 +6499,27 @@ msgid "" "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4783 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4779 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " -"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied " -"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would " -"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-" -"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated " -"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " +"subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s " +"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. " +"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is " +"now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4790 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5905,8 +6528,8 @@ msgid "" "others, including Wikipedia and news sources." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5920,66 +6543,49 @@ msgid "" "research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -msgid "" -"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" -"\\_universities/1186832" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -msgid "" -"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" -"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 -msgid "figshare.com/features" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 -msgid "## Figure.NZ" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4813 +msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " -"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." +"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " +"Zealand." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 -msgid "figure.nz" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4821 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4823 msgid "" -"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " -"sponsorships" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " +"services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783 -msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 -msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4828 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4836 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " "said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available " -"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this " +"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this " "meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that " "she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—" "not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their " @@ -5993,8 +6599,8 @@ msgid "" "to make data truly accessible to all, with a specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4856 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6006,13 +6612,13 @@ msgid "" "research that you often have to pay for." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4867 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " -"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " +"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " "New Zealand, the original idea was that people could contribute their data " -"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used " +"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used " "and shared, and there were no standards or consistency around the data and " "the visuals. Realizing the wiki model wasn’t working, Lillian brought the " "process of data aggregation, curation, and visual presentation in-house, and " @@ -6021,8 +6627,8 @@ msgid "" "those wanting to open their data and present it visually." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4881 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6033,37 +6639,45 @@ msgid "" "and data types. Figure.NZ has a chart-designing tool that makes simple bar, " "line, and area graphs from any data source. The graphs are posted to the " "Figure.NZ website, and they can also be exported in a variety of formats for " -"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using the " -"Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, " +"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using " +"the Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, " "and redistribute Figure.NZ data and graphs as long as they give attribution " "to the original source and to Figure.NZ." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4907 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" +"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4898 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " -"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " +"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " "spent time looking at what Creative Commons offered and thought it looked " "good, was clear, and made common sense. It was easy to use and easy for " "others to understand. Over time, she’s come to realize just how fortunate " "and important that decision turned out to be. New Zealand’s government has " "an open-access and licensing framework called NZGOAL, which provides " "guidance for agencies when they release copyrighted and noncopyrighted work " -"and material.2 It aims to standardize the licensing of works with government " -"copyright and how they can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons " -"licenses. As a result, 98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative " -"Commons licensed, fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision." +"and material.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It aims to " +"standardize the licensing of works with government copyright and how they " +"can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons licenses. As a result, " +"98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative Commons licensed, " +"fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4914 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " -"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a " +"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a " "nonprofit charity. It is purpose-driven but also strives to pay people well " -"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an " +"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an " "essential element for the mission and purpose of Figure.NZ. She believes " "Wikipedia would not work if it were for profit, and similarly, Figure.NZ’s " "nonprofit status assures people who have data and people who want to use it " @@ -6071,17 +6685,17 @@ msgid "" "wrangler and source." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " "perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds " "of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to " "collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and " -"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. " +"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. " "Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is " -"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused " +"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused " "on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to " "collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates " "value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions " @@ -6091,17 +6705,17 @@ msgid "" "market, and brand itself." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4946 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " -"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " +"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " "part of their business model has been focused on who is going to get value " "from the data and visuals." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4952 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6110,15 +6724,15 @@ msgid "" "they can. Customers are encouraged to help their users find, use, and make " "things from the data they make available on Figure.NZ’s website. Customers " "control what is released and the license terms (although Figure.NZ " -"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who " +"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who " "want a specific collection of charts created—for example, for their website " "or annual report. Charging the organizations that want to make their data " "available enables Figure.NZ to provide their site free to all users, to " "truly democratize data." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4968 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6132,35 +6746,46 @@ msgid "" "never been done before." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4986 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4981 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " "example, with their support Figure.NZ has been able to create Business " "Figures, a special way for businesses to find useful data without having to " -"know what questions to ask.3" +"know what questions to ask.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4989 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4989 msgid "" -"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " -"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " -"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded." +"Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " +"donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " +"data together to flesh out those areas. Patrons do not direct what data is " +"included or excluded." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4995 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " -"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations " +"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations " "are tax deductible." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5001 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6173,20 +6798,20 @@ msgid "" "external relationships." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5013 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " "environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, " "tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and " "graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or " -"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. " +"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. " "Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5023 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6200,8 +6825,8 @@ msgid "" "curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5037 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6211,28 +6836,28 @@ msgid "" "behalf of others, whether it was on behalf of a country or companies." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " "future is the one where everyone can make well-informed decisions." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5052 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " "numbers as a part of our thinking and part of our understanding yet." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5058 msgid "" -"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " +"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " -"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time " +"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time " "when many citizens in society couldn’t read or write. However, as a society, " "we’ve now come to believe that reading and writing skills should be " "something all citizens have. We haven’t yet adopted a similar belief around " @@ -6240,8 +6865,8 @@ msgid "" "specially trained people can analyze and think with numbers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5069 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6249,19 +6874,19 @@ msgid "" "can see on Figure.NZ are tens of thousands of graphs, maps, and data." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5076 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " -"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " +"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " "understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5085 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6270,64 +6895,44 @@ msgid "" "the network effect possible." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "" -"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "" -"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" -"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "figure.nz/business/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 -msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 -msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5097 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " -"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " +"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " "Founded in 2012 in the UK." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019 -msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5102 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 -msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5104 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " +"(specialized)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 -msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5107 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 -msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5110 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5118 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6337,23 +6942,23 @@ msgid "" "humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing " "this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative " "model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs " -"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long " +"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long " "term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, " "including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University " "Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5134 msgid "" -"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " +"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " "Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting " "content online and distributing it free to users." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5141 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6361,8 +6966,8 @@ msgid "" "up, not down." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5147 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6372,26 +6977,26 @@ msgid "" "NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " "getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " "online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " -"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, " -"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to " -"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the " -"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for " -"the print format." +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. " +"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these " +"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing " +"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing " +"vehicle for the print format." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5164 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " -"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " +"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " "with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the " "free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and " "the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5173 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6401,18 +7006,18 @@ msgid "" "book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " -"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " +"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " "imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-" "processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access " "version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5190 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6424,36 +7029,36 @@ msgid "" "enterprises) in 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5201 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5208 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5214 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5220 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5226 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6461,68 +7066,82 @@ msgid "" "cover the Title Fee." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5235 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " "the total collected from the libraries." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5245 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5242 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " -"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.1" +"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5250 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " "unlatched. The target was to have two hundred libraries participate. The " -"cost of the package per library was capped at \\$1,680, which was an average " +"cost of the package per library was capped at $1,680, which was an average " "price of sixty dollars per book, but in the end they had nearly three " "hundred libraries sharing the costs, and the price per book came in at just " "under forty-three dollars." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5261 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" +"availability-1/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " -"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " -"BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright holder, not the publisher, and negotiate " -"choice of license as part of the publishing agreement. Frances has found " -"that most authors want to retain control over the commercial and remix use " -"of their work. Publishers list the book in their catalogs, and the " -"noncommercial restriction in the Creative Commons license ensures authors " -"continue to get royalties on sales of physical copies." +"still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " +"have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright " +"holder, not the publisher, and negotiate choice of license as part of the " +"publishing agreement. Frances has found that most authors want to retain " +"control over the commercial and remix use of their work. Publishers list the " +"book in their catalogs, and the noncommercial restriction in the Creative " +"Commons license ensures authors continue to get royalties on sales of " +"physical copies." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5271 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " "books, and the individual price per book. The fee publishers charge for each " "title is a fixed charge, and Knowledge Unlatched calculates the total amount " -"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each " +"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each " "library is capped at a maximum based on a minimum number of libraries " "participating. If the number of participating libraries exceeds the minimum, " "then the cost of the order and the price per book go down for each library." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " "size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small " "packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, " -"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. " +"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. " "Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of " "the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just " "under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It " @@ -6531,16 +7150,16 @@ msgid "" "libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " "within acquisition cycles, budget cycles, and library-committee meetings." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5304 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6551,27 +7170,27 @@ msgid "" "more libraries involved." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5314 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " "make journals open access too." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " "problematic to keep going in the standard closed publishing model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5325 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " +"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " "Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " "sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " "makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " @@ -6579,20 +7198,27 @@ msgid "" "took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5342 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5335 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " -"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " +"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " "author is the awareness it brings to them; when their book is being read, it " "increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many " "more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, " "you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing " -"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)5" +"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5345 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6603,18 +7229,18 @@ msgid "" "print book, and if they do, they buy it separately from the digital version." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5356 msgid "" -"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " -"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " -"anyway, but instead of paying \\$95 for a print copy or \\$150 for a digital " -"multiple-use copy, they pay \\$50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it " -"opens the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world." +"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " +"the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " +"anyway, but instead of paying $95 for a print copy or $150 for a digital " +"multiple-use copy, they pay $50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it opens " +"the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5364 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6627,133 +7253,118 @@ msgid "" "thousand times in 175 countries." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5376 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5380 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " "Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " -"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " "in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " -"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " "is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " "unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5391 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " "access, and use your content without pay barriers. Knowledge Unlatched taps " "into the new possibilities and behaviors of the digital world. In the " "Knowledge Unlatched model, the content-creation process is exactly the same " -"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, " +"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, " "Knowledge Unlatched is connected to the past but moving into the future, an " "evolution rather than a revolution." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 -msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 -msgid "www.oapen.org" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 -msgid "www.hathitrust.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5403 +msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 -msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 -msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 -msgid "## Lumen Learning" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5406 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 -msgid "lumenlearning.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5413 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " +"services, grant funding" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 -msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5416 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 -msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5419 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " +"Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 -msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5433 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5427 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " "student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " "affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " "David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " -"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education " -"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with " -"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the " -"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the " -"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero " -"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when " -"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of " -"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this " -"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this " -"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding " -"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan " -"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they " -"decided to create Lumen Learning." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 +"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved " +"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges " +"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce " +"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students " +"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required " +"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-" +"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. " +"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five " +"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career " +"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-" +"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and " +"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " +"work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create " +"Lumen Learning." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5450 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " "education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking " -"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in " -"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way " +"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used " +"in certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way " "that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t " "a lot of flexibility to do so." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6763,8 +7374,8 @@ msgid "" "with its different model for and approach to sustainability." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5469 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6773,8 +7384,8 @@ msgid "" "permits free use and repurposing by others." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5477 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6782,40 +7393,40 @@ msgid "" "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " "they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " "Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " -"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " "learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " "they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " "very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5493 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5506 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6824,18 +7435,18 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons license." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 msgid "" -"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " +"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " "institution’s learning-management system, technical and pedagogical support, " -"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten " +"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten " "dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6843,19 +7454,19 @@ msgid "" "need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " "of complete OER degrees. Often called Z-Degrees, these programs eliminate " "textbook costs for students in all courses that make up the degree (both " -"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other expensive " -"resources with OER." +"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other " +"expensive resources with OER." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5550 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6872,8 +7483,8 @@ msgid "" "goodwill in the community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6885,21 +7496,21 @@ msgid "" "which the faculty reviews." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5578 msgid "" -"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " -"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " -"images, videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen " -"creates new content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items " -"and feedback for students on their progress are areas where new content is " -"frequently needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform " -"with all the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any " -"of Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license." +"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " +"open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " +"videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen creates new " +"content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items and feedback " +"for students on their progress are areas where new content is frequently " +"needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform with all " +"the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any of " +"Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5589 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6908,8 +7519,8 @@ msgid "" "however, when mixing different OER together." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5597 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6921,8 +7532,8 @@ msgid "" "each page." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5608 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6931,22 +7542,22 @@ msgid "" "number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " -"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " +"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " "the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " -"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-" -"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where " -"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, " -"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level " +"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are " +"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they " +"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5629 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6957,8 +7568,8 @@ msgid "" "keeping Lumen healthy." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5639 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6969,21 +7580,21 @@ msgid "" "community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5649 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " -"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the " -"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those " +"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the " +"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those " "using open resources to give back an amount that seems fair or even give " "back something that is generous." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5658 msgid "" -"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " +"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " "students are saving and encouraging them to switch to a paid model. Lumen " "explains the advantages of the paid model: a more interactive relationship " @@ -6993,19 +7604,19 @@ msgid "" "using." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5669 msgid "" -"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " +"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " "unique value, and is very transparent about what they are taking from " -"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen " +"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen " "believes these are the building blocks of a sustainable model and strives " "for a correct balance of all these factors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7013,8 +7624,8 @@ msgid "" "understandable and repeatable." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -7026,8 +7637,8 @@ msgid "" "Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5696 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7038,43 +7649,40 @@ msgid "" "trust." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 -msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 -msgid "## Jonathan Mann" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5710 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495 -msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" +"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5716 msgid "" -"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " -"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " -"and musical performances)" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " +"services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " +"in-person version (speaking engagements and musical performances)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 -msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5721 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5729 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -7086,8 +7694,8 @@ msgid "" "summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5740 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7099,8 +7707,8 @@ msgid "" "magazine." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -7108,23 +7716,23 @@ msgid "" "widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5758 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " "supposed to create a piece of art every day for thirty-one days straight. He " "was in need of a new project, so he decided to give it a try by writing and " -"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he " +"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he " "knew people were more likely to watch video online than simply listening to " "audio files." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5768 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " -"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " +"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " "to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " @@ -7137,10 +7745,10 @@ msgid "" "prepare ahead and have someone else post the song for him." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5784 msgid "" -"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " +"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " "variety of contests and winning a handful. The second was by having the " "occasional song and video go some varying degree of viral, which would bring " @@ -7148,29 +7756,29 @@ msgid "" "songs for them. Today he earns most of his money this way." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5793 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " -"fun and quirky song.” He charges \\$500 to create a produced song and \\$300 " -"for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " +"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for " +"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, " "conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the " "production of this book." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5802 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " "discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I " -"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " +"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an " "obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5810 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7181,8 +7789,8 @@ msgid "" "Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5820 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7191,8 +7799,8 @@ msgid "" "Jonathan said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5827 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -7203,8 +7811,8 @@ msgid "" "clients." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5837 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7212,17 +7820,17 @@ msgid "" "music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the " "process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired " "to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from " -"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " +"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he " "translated the technical concepts into something understandable." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5849 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " "song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things around, " -"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first " +"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first " "thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then " "he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process " "really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his " @@ -7232,17 +7840,17 @@ msgid "" "creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5864 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " -"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " +"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " "business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and " "he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7255,19 +7863,19 @@ msgid "" "others." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5883 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " "like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " "the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " -"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " "embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5892 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7276,78 +7884,81 @@ msgid "" "might be better." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5899 msgid "" -"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " -"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " -"work as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major " +"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " +"constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " +"as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major " "accomplishments he is proud of, like being in the Guinness World Records or " "having his song used by Steve Jobs, he says he never truly feels successful." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5907 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " "of what drives you would be gone.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 -msgid "## Noun Project" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5913 +msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " "the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 -msgid "thenounproject.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666 -msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " +"fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 -msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5926 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 -msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5929 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5937 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " "languages, and cultures." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5942 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " "of sketches and started to draw what used to fascinate him as a child, like " -"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be if " -"he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on the " -"planet." +"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be " +"if he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on " +"the planet." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5950 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7356,30 +7967,37 @@ msgid "" "actually help people in similar situations." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " "the Madman, which chronicles the use of crowdsourcing to create the Oxford " -"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and " +"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and " "symbols from volunteer designers around the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5969 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" +"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5966 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " "launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter " -"was in its infancy.1 They thought it’d be a good way to introduce the global " -"web community to their idea. Their goal was to raise \\$1,500, but in twenty " -"days they got over \\$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to " -"be something much bigger." +"was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought " +"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. " +"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. " +"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7388,8 +8006,8 @@ msgid "" "convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5983 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7399,8 +8017,8 @@ msgid "" "have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5992 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7408,8 +8026,8 @@ msgid "" "business model around free content." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5999 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7423,90 +8041,98 @@ msgid "" "they can use CC0 to put the work into the public domain." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6013 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " "icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible idea. They did " "get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if " -"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " +"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among " "others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free " "of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6023 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " -"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " +"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " "win-win. The idea that you could offer your designs for free and have a " "global audience and maybe even make some money was pretty exciting for most " "designers." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6030 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " -"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " -"a subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a " +"attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " +"subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a " "certain number of icons—ten, fifty, a hundred, or five hundred. However, " "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " "users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " -"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this " "model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " "the platform." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " "from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would " "be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly " -"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. " -"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without " -"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. " -"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it " -"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you " -"to purchase the API Pro version." +"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of " +"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons " +"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for " +"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how " +"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require " +"you to purchase the API Pro version." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6058 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6063 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " "subscriptions is divided by Noun Project’s total number of downloads, " -"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be \\$0.13 per " -"download for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent " -"to the designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s " -"per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time " -"as it’s providing more service to the user." +"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be $0.13 per download " +"for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent to the " +"designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s per use " +"instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time as it’s " +"providing more service to the user." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6147 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6074 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " -"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " -"building trust is the top priority." +"structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " +"communicate with creators about it because building trust is the top " +"priority." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6079 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7514,23 +8140,23 @@ msgid "" "pay the bills; and most successful of all, enough to pay the rent." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6086 msgid "" -"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " -"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " +"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " +"use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " "their photos, illustrations, UX designs, et cetera. You simply drag any " "visual item directly into Lingo to save it. Lingo also works for teams so " "people can share visuals with each other and search across their combined " -"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for \\$9.99 per " -"month lets you add guests. A team version for \\$49.95 per month allows up " -"to twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add " -"new assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, " -"you can access Noun Project from within Lingo." +"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for $9.99 per " +"month lets you add guests. A team version for $49.95 per month allows up to " +"twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add new " +"assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, you " +"can access Noun Project from within Lingo." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6100 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7539,27 +8165,27 @@ msgid "" "visually." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6107 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " "differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6113 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " -"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " +"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " "Noun Project mission, 2) to promote their own personal brand, and 3) to " "generate money. It’s striking to see that money comes third, and mission, " "first. If you want to engage a global network of contributors, it’s " "important to have a mission beyond making money." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6122 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7567,8 +8193,8 @@ msgid "" "CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6129 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7579,8 +8205,8 @@ msgid "" "initiatives and continue to nurture it.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7588,20 +8214,20 @@ msgid "" "search the icons by the creator’s name." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6146 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " -"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " -"comes up with a theme (e.g., sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla " -"gardening, human rights) and a list of icons that are needed, which " -"designers are invited to create at the event. The results are vectorized, " -"and added to the Noun Project using CC0 so they can be used by anyone for " -"free." +"icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " +"sponsoring organization, the Noun Project comes up with a theme (e.g., " +"sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla gardening, human rights) and a list " +"of icons that are needed, which designers are invited to create at the " +"event. The results are vectorized, and added to the Noun Project using CC0 " +"so they can be used by anyone for free." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6155 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7612,72 +8238,57 @@ msgid "" "been key to that goal." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 -msgid "" -"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" -"visual-sy/description" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 -msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 -msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 -msgid "## Open Data Institute" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6169 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " -"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " +"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " "in the UK." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 -msgid "theodi.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6176 msgid "" -"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " -"donations" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " +"funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 -msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6179 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 -msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " +"director" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6190 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " -"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people " +"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people " "around the world innovate with data." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -7690,8 +8301,8 @@ msgid "" "happening around them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6212 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7700,30 +8311,39 @@ msgid "" "initiatives.) It goes on to say that the ODI wants to—" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6228 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6234 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915 -msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." +"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 +msgid "" +"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6244 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7733,28 +8353,28 @@ msgid "" "ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6254 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " "science and technology. For this funding, ODI has to secure matching funds " -"from other sources, some of which were met through a \\$4.75-million " +"from other sources, some of which were met through a $4.75-million " "investment from the Omidyar Network." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6262 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " -"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " +"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " "from government departments available as open data. She joined ODI in 2012 " "when it was just starting up, as one of six people. It now has a staff of " "about sixty." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6269 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7763,18 +8383,23 @@ msgid "" "generate these matching funds in response to market needs." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6277 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 msgid "" -"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " -"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " +"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " +"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " "Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " "ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" "supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " @@ -7782,11 +8407,11 @@ msgid "" "corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " -"are listed on their website.)2" +"are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6295 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7800,8 +8425,8 @@ msgid "" "attend as a form of professional development." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6309 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -7811,8 +8436,8 @@ msgid "" "tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6318 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7821,8 +8446,8 @@ msgid "" "2014, there were four thematic tracks and over 750 attendees." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6326 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7832,22 +8457,22 @@ msgid "" "organizations." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6335 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6341 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " "their own goals if they open up their own data too. Big data is a hot topic." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6349 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7856,8 +8481,8 @@ msgid "" "autonomy." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6358 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7865,8 +8490,8 @@ msgid "" "accountable, they can miss out on efficiencies and opportunities." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6367 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -7876,50 +8501,63 @@ msgid "" "prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6376 msgid "" -"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " +"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " -"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " +"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " "events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " "There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " "are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6390 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" +"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " -"training, and even office space.3" +"training, and even office space.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 msgid "" -"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " +"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " -"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " +"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " "fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For " "ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to " "build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6408 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6403 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " "of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a " "globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, " -"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.4" +"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7927,8 +8565,8 @@ msgid "" "data at scale." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6417 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7936,8 +8574,8 @@ msgid "" "their own." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6423 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7946,7 +8584,7 @@ msgid "" "Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " "essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " "perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " -"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " "experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " @@ -7955,16 +8593,16 @@ msgid "" "completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " -"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " +"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " "are a few metrics as of April 27, 2016:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6449 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7972,98 +8610,74 @@ msgid "" "million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6457 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6463 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6468 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6474 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6479 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "" -"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" -"business-plan-may-release.pdf" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "" -"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "certificates.theodi.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6486 +msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095 -msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 -msgid "## OpenDesk" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6489 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " -"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK." +"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 -msgid "www.opendesk.cc" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055 -msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8912 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " +"fee" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 -msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6500 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 -msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " +"Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8071,8 +8685,8 @@ msgid "" "every sale that is made by a maker." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -8089,8 +8703,8 @@ msgid "" "nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8098,8 +8712,8 @@ msgid "" "had the intent, but fulfilling this vision was still a long way away." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6541 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -8111,8 +8725,8 @@ msgid "" "and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6552 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8121,16 +8735,16 @@ msgid "" "complex." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6559 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " "would have on the business model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6564 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8139,17 +8753,22 @@ msgid "" "themselves how open or closed they want to be." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6575 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6572 msgid "" -"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " +"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " "and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job " -"profiling the designers.1" +"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6578 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8157,20 +8776,25 @@ msgid "" "choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6585 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " -"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " +"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " -"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " +"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " "currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" "controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " "out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6602 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8178,49 +8802,50 @@ msgid "" "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " "how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of " -"makers in countries all around the world.2" +"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6605 msgid "" -"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " +"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " "website:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6610 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " "charged by the maker)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6623 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6629 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " "marketplace)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6636 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8228,15 +8853,15 @@ msgid "" "covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6645 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6652 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8244,87 +8869,94 @@ msgid "" "options)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219 -msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6661 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +msgid "" +"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6666 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6669 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " "Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting " "in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk " "file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk " -"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. " -"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and " -"are typically apportioned as follows:" +"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of " +"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost " +"and are typically apportioned as follows:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6682 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6689 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6694 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6699 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6704 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6709 msgid "" -"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " -"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " +"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " +"Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " "percent is more generous, and providing a higher value to the designer." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 msgid "" -"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " +"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " "designs have been downloaded over five thousand times in ninety-five " "countries. I.J. CNC Services is Ian Jinks, a professional maker based in the " "United Kingdom. Opendesk now makes up a large proportion of his business." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6723 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " "which uses only one type of material and one manufacturing technique. This " "allows them to be more strategic and more disruptive in the market, by " -"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects " +"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects " "their vision of creating reproducible and functional pieces." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6732 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8333,8 +8965,8 @@ msgid "" "way to buy custom-made products.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6740 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8343,20 +8975,25 @@ msgid "" "furniture from the usual mass-produced items from a store." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6753 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6748 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " "leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate " "Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an " -"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.4 People can submit " -"ideas and discuss the principles and business practices they’d like to see " -"used." +"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the principles " +"and business practices they’d like to see used." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6757 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8365,59 +9002,59 @@ msgid "" "Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6765 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6769 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6774 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6779 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6784 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " "compensation. For example, these qualify as noncommercial:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6792 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6799 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8428,81 +9065,63 @@ msgid "" "customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6823 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " -"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " +"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " "their mission, and they’ve begun to focus on success metrics that track how " "many makers and designers are engaged through Opendesk in revenue-making " "work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6830 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " "it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 -msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 -msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 -msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332 -msgid "openmaking.is" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 -msgid "## OpenStax" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837 +msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6840 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " "Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 -msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6845 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" -"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " -"physical copies (textbook sales)" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " +"for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345 -msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6851 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 -msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" +"chief" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6862 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8515,21 +9134,21 @@ msgid "" "available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6874 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " "investigating open educational resources (OER) and discovered Connexions. A " "year and a half later, Connexions received a grant to help grow the use of " "OER so that it could meet the needs of students who couldn’t afford " -"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became " +"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became " "OpenStax CNX; the program to create open textbooks became OpenStax College, " "now simply called OpenStax." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8542,20 +9161,28 @@ msgid "" "adoptions by faculty and students." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6903 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" +"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6897 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " "free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the " -"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " +"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " "proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they " -"could help and how much money they could help save.1 Professionally produced " -"content scales rapidly. All with no sales force!" +"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All " +"with no sales force!" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6907 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8565,8 +9192,8 @@ msgid "" "librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6916 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8575,8 +9202,8 @@ msgid "" "chapters, make changes, and customize any book to fit their needs." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6924 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8584,17 +9211,23 @@ msgid "" "presentations, test banks, answer keys, and so on." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6935 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6931 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " "calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps " -"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks.2" +"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8602,8 +9235,8 @@ msgid "" "network of partners." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6944 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -8615,8 +9248,8 @@ msgid "" "investment." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6955 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8627,33 +9260,33 @@ msgid "" "tutorial support. WebAssign resources are available to students for a fee." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6965 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " "student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " "Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " -"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " "published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " "using these funds." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6975 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " "freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " -"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide " -"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. " -"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through " -"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners " -"are out there showcasing their materials." +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can " +"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students " +"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but " +"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; " +"partners are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6987 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8662,35 +9295,35 @@ msgid "" "these findings with the community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6995 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " -"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of " +"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of " "thousands of print books. The price of an OpenStax sociology textbook is " "about twenty-eight dollars, a fraction of what sociology textbooks usually " "cost. OpenStax keeps the prices low but does aim to earn a small margin on " "each book sold, which also contributes to ongoing operations." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7005 msgid "" -"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " +"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " -"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " +"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " "While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " -"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. " -"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and " -"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break " -"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. " -"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is " -"virtually a hundred percent." +"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes " +"students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to " +"buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the " +"expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. This " +"is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is virtually a " +"hundred percent." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7018 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8700,8 +9333,8 @@ msgid "" "reasonable." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7026 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8714,27 +9347,27 @@ msgid "" "to develop a book from scratch, a good example being their biology book." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7039 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " "customer need? Where are students having challenges? Then they identify " "potential authors and put them through a rigorous evaluation—only one in ten " -"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come " +"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come " "together to develop a template for a chapter and collectively write the " "first draft (or revise it, in the acquisitions model). (OpenStax doesn’t do " "books with just a single author as David says it risks the project going " "longer than scheduled.) The draft is peer-reviewed with no less than three " "reviewers per chapter. A second draft is generated, with artists producing " -"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then " +"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then " "copyedited to ensure grammatical correctness and a singular voice. Finally, " "it goes into production and through a final proofread. The whole process is " "very time-consuming." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7057 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -8745,8 +9378,8 @@ msgid "" "they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7067 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8756,47 +9389,47 @@ msgid "" "frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7076 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " "from making copies and heavily invest in digital rights management to ensure " -"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal " -"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied " +"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal " +"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied " "and shared over and over again. CC BY changes the rules of engagement and " "takes advantage of traditional market inefficiencies." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7086 msgid "" -"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " +"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7093 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7098 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 -msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7103 +msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 -msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7108 +msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7114 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8804,8 +9437,8 @@ msgid "" "colleges and universities outside the U.S.)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7123 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8813,8 +9446,8 @@ msgid "" "necessary precursor to international interest." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7130 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8823,8 +9456,8 @@ msgid "" "entire curriculum of a nursing degree, for example." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7138 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8836,75 +9469,65 @@ msgid "" "possible for every student who wants access to education to get it." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577 -msgid "" -"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577 -msgid "openstax.org/adopters" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7151 +msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579 -msgid "## Amanda Palmer" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 -msgid "amandapalmer.net" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7158 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7160 msgid "" -"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " -"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " -"version (performances), selling merchandise" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " +"(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " +"and album sales), charg-ing for in-person version (performances), selling " +"merchandise" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 -msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7173 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " "sustain her creative work. 1" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7178 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " +"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " "which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " "their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7185 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " -"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " +"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the " "one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, " "you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy " "food so we can make more art.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8918,8 +9541,8 @@ msgid "" "rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7208 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8930,21 +9553,21 @@ msgid "" "for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7219 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " "without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you " -"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " -"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " +"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live " +"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try " "her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter " -"project started with a goal of \\$100,000, and she made \\$1.2 million. It " +"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It " "remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7231 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8956,8 +9579,8 @@ msgid "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8971,22 +9594,21 @@ msgid "" "later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. " "Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy " "decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what " -"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural " -"fit." +"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7260 msgid "" -"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " +"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " -"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather " -"than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got " -"into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." +"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than " +"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into " +"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7268 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8996,8 +9618,8 @@ msgid "" "of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7277 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9009,31 +9631,31 @@ msgid "" "“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7289 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " -"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about " +"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about " "incredibly personal events in her life, and she isn’t afraid to be " "vulnerable. Having that kind of trust in her fans—the trust it takes to be " "truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for " "the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7299 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " "exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just " -"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " +"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us " "otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself " "vulnerable is almost always worth it.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7308 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9044,8 +9666,8 @@ msgid "" "friends—you share." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9056,8 +9678,8 @@ msgid "" "your success." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7328 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -9066,8 +9688,8 @@ msgid "" "cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -9078,8 +9700,8 @@ msgid "" "you.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7345 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9093,8 +9715,8 @@ msgid "" "strengthens with human connection." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7358 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -9104,63 +9726,56 @@ msgid "" "someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7367 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " "provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " "Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " "what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " -"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " "help her, she lets them." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 -msgid "" -"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" -"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" -"\\#44e20ce46d67" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 -msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7378 +msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7381 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." "S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 -msgid "plos.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7386 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7388 msgid "" -"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " -"featured in the journal" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " +"creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780 -msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7392 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782 -msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7394 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9175,22 +9790,22 @@ msgid "" "Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " "considerations, the article is then peer-reviewed to determine if the " -"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the " +"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the " "publisher takes the article through the process of copyediting, typesetting, " -"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional " +"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional " "journal publishers recover costs and earn profit by charging a subscription " "fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or " "article." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7427 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9203,27 +9818,27 @@ msgid "" "field. It was time for a new model." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7439 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " "paywall and do not require a login. A key benefit of open access is that it " "allows people to freely use, copy, and distribute the articles, as they are " -"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only " +"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only " "requires the user to provide appropriate attribution). And more importantly, " "policy makers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, educators, and students around the " "world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on " "publication." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " "PLOS decided to turn the model on its head and charge a publication fee, " -"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by " +"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by " "the funder of the research or the author’s institution, covers the expenses " "such as editorial oversight, peer-review management, journal production, " "online hosting, and support for discovery. Fees are per article and are " @@ -9231,35 +9846,35 @@ msgid "" "on word length, figures, or other elements." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7463 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-" +"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-" "publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " -"\\$1,500." +"$1,500." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7472 msgid "" -"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " +"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " "institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7478 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " "in staff, buildings, and infrastructure to market their journal and convince " -"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools " +"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools " "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " -"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " +"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " "articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " "Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " @@ -9269,27 +9884,27 @@ msgid "" "to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7495 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " "provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " -"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " +"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7503 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " "repository and provide a data-availability statement." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9299,8 +9914,8 @@ msgid "" "journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7517 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9308,8 +9923,8 @@ msgid "" "though they are relatively new." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7523 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9319,8 +9934,8 @@ msgid "" "and generates more discovery and citations for authors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7532 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9329,8 +9944,8 @@ msgid "" "BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7540 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9338,12 +9953,12 @@ msgid "" "larger than a traditional journal, publishing thousands of articles per year " "and benefiting from economies of scale. PLOS ONE has a broad scope, covering " "science and medicine as well as social sciences and the humanities. The " -"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for " +"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for " "publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than " "perceived importance or relevance. This is very important in the current " "debate about the integrity and reproducibility of research because negative " "or null results can then be published as well, which are generally rejected " -"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online " +"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online " "only with no print version. PLOS passes on the financial savings accrued " "through economies of scale to researchers and the public by lowering the " "article-processing charges, which are below that of other journals. PLOS ONE " @@ -9353,25 +9968,25 @@ msgid "" "multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7564 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " "be adjusted to change current practice." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7569 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " -"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " +"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " "there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of " "articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9384,8 +9999,8 @@ msgid "" "now, credit is limited to the publisher and author." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7588 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9393,8 +10008,8 @@ msgid "" "the research wheel gets reinvented around the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7595 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9403,20 +10018,19 @@ msgid "" "practice of distributing pre-print documents that have not yet undergone " "peer review. Preprints broaden the peer-review process, allowing authors to " "receive early feedback from a wide group of peers, which can help revise and " -"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints " +"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints " "are author concerns over ensuring their primacy of being first to come up " -"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings " -"the preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help " -"researchers get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big " -"challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on " -"preprints." +"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings the " +"preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help researchers " +"get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big challenge is " +"that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on preprints." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7613 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " -"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " +"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " "online open up new possibilities, such as a living document evolving over " "time, inclusion of audio and video, and interactivity, like discussion and " "recommendations. Even the size of what gets published could change. With " @@ -9424,101 +10038,103 @@ msgid "" "article would undergo transformation." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7627 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7631 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " "drinking from a fire hose. To help mitigate this, PLOS aggregates and " -"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.1 It also " -"offers something called Article-Level Metrics, which helps users assess " -"research most relevant to the field itself, based on indicators like usage, " -"citations, social bookmarking and dissemination activity, media and blog " -"coverage, discussions, and ratings.2 Louise believes that the journal model " -"could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, " -"including a way for readers to communicate with authors." +"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level " +"Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field " +"itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and " +"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal " +"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " +"experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7636 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " "dissemination of research, while ensuring its integrity and reliability. The " -"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is not " -"linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in " +"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is " +"not linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in " "exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors " "and readers who are open to experimentation." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7646 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " -"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it " +"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it " "possible for PLOS to publish in a way that is unfettered, open, and fast, " -"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two " +"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two " "million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with " "more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7656 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " "science." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010 -msgid "collections.plos.org" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010 -msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662 +msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012 -msgid "## Rijksmuseum" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7665 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " +"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017 -msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7669 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7671 msgid "" -"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version " -"(museum admission), selling merchandise" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " +"funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " +"merchandise" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 -msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7675 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7678 msgid "" -"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " -"department" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " +"manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9534,24 +10150,24 @@ msgid "" "of these circumstances emerged a new and more open model for the museum." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7702 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " -"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " +"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " "that even with the new and larger space, it still wouldn’t be able to show " "very much of the whole collection—eight thousand of over one million works " "representing just 1 percent. Staff began exploring ways to express " "themselves, to have something to show for all of the work they had been " -"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there " +"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there " "a way for the museum provide benefit to the public while it was closed? They " "began thinking about sharing Rijksmuseum’s collection using information " "technology. And they put up a card-catalog like database of the entire " "collection online." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7716 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9561,24 +10177,29 @@ msgid "" "eventually led to why not put the whole collection online?" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7727 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7725 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " -"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " -"museum collections all across Europe, Europeana had become an important " -"online platform. In October 2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its " -"public-domain mark as tools people could use to identify works as free of " -"known copyright. Europeana was the first major adopter, using CC0 to release " -"metadata about their collection and the public domain mark for millions of " -"digital works in their collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially " -"found this change in business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it " -"stimulated even more discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow " -"suit." +"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across " +"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 " +"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people " +"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the " +"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection " +"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " +"collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in " +"business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more " +"discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7739 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9591,8 +10212,8 @@ msgid "" "access meant the people they were frustrating the most were schoolkids." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7752 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9602,12 +10223,12 @@ msgid "" "overseas customers. The administrative costs often offset revenue, and " "income above costs was relatively low. In addition, having to pay for an " "image of a work in the public domain from a collection owned by the Dutch " -"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating " +"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating " "for some. Lizzy says they had lots of fierce debates about what to do." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7766 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -9619,8 +10240,8 @@ msgid "" "the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7777 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -9635,19 +10256,19 @@ msgid "" "life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7792 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " -"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must " +"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must " "generate the rest of the funding through other means. The admission fee has " "long been a way to generate revenue generation, including for the " "Rijksmuseum." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7800 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9661,32 +10282,37 @@ msgid "" "from and this increases the museum’s visibility." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7820 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7814 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " "addition to redesigning their main website to be mobile friendly and " "responsive to devices like the iPad, the Rijksmuseum also created the " "Rijksstudio, where users and artists could use and do various things with " -"the Rijksmuseum collection.2" +"the Rijksmuseum collection.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7823 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " -"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " +"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " "in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is " -"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " +"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal " "favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of " "charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, " "and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even " "commercial purposes." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7834 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9694,8 +10320,8 @@ msgid "" "purposes including use for school exams." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7841 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -9707,46 +10333,71 @@ msgid "" "to the public, but within limits the artists have specified." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7861 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" +"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7852 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " -"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " +"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " +"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " "Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " "The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " -"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire " -"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a " -"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet " -"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3" +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to " +"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " +"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " +"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " +"Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7865 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " +"award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " +"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7877 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" +"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7864 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " -"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " -"Your Own Masterpiece, the competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio " -"images to make new creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and " -"curators selects ten finalists and three winners. The final award comes with " -"a prize of €10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 " -"top-class entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through " -"the Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a " -"specific color scheme of a work of art.5 The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled " -"with the results. Entries range from the fun to the weird to the " -"inspirational. The third international edition of the Rijksstudio Award " -"started in September 2016." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197 +"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the " +"competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new " +"creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten " +"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. " +"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. " +"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum " +"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color " +"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " +"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun " +"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the " +"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7883 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " "social elements so users can interact with each other more." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7889 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9756,14 +10407,14 @@ msgid "" "to three hundred thousand." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7898 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " "celebrating animals, they ran a successful bird-themed event. The museum put " "together a showing of two thousand works that featured birds and invited " -"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum " +"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum " "curators know a lot about the works in their collections, they may not know " "about certain details in the paintings such as bird species. Over eight " "hundred different birds were identified, including a specific species of " @@ -9771,91 +10422,63 @@ msgid "" "painting." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232 -msgid "" -"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " -"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " -"might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not come " -"true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great art.” " -"Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things related to " -"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at " -"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money " -"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For " -"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-" -"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of " -"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +msgid "" +"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " +"up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " +"people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not " +"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great " +"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things " +"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually " +"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of " +"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. " +"For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but " +"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose " +"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their " "collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous " "practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their " "experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people " "happy to join you and help out.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "" -"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" -"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" -"award-2015" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242 -msgid "" -"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" -"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 -msgid "## Shareable" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7931 +msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 -msgid "www.shareable.net" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7938 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940 msgid "" -"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " -"sponsorships" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " +"crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 -msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7943 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 -msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7946 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " +"and executive editor" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7954 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9867,10 +10490,10 @@ msgid "" "principle." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7965 msgid "" -"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " +"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " "the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on the Silicon " "Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of " @@ -9880,8 +10503,8 @@ msgid "" "it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7977 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9891,8 +10514,8 @@ msgid "" "the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7986 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9904,11 +10527,11 @@ msgid "" "grow their audience." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " -"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " +"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " "became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing " "movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” " "Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The " @@ -9917,8 +10540,8 @@ msgid "" "inequality, social isolation, and global warming." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8008 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9930,15 +10553,15 @@ msgid "" "changes in their own lives and communities." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8019 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " "priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal " "said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often " "for free, or written by other publications from their network of content " -"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " +"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which " "facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing " "group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present " "stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s " @@ -9946,8 +10569,8 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8033 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9961,8 +10584,8 @@ msgid "" "the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8047 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9973,65 +10596,65 @@ msgid "" "on their website." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " -"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer " +"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer " "the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8064 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " "grants from foundations, but they are actively moving toward a more " "diversified model. They have organizational sponsors and are working to " -"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a " +"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a " "hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully " "community-supported will better represent their vision of the world." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8074 msgid "" -"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " -"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " -"attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work " -"so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that " -"another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you " -"do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be " -"on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who " -"look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek " -"the comfort of hearth and home.”" +"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " +"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract " +"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard " +"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part " +"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something " +"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great " +"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the " +"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of " +"hearth and home.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8086 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " "spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " "The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start " "making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching " -"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, " -"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." +"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but " +"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " -"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have " +"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have " "also invested resources into building relationships between their readers " "and supporters." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8103 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -10048,60 +10671,62 @@ msgid "" "network to implement." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8120 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" -"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the " -"ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" +"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take " +"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 -msgid "## Siyavula" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8131 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " "Africa." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 -msgid "www.siyavula.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8136 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 -msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " +"services, sponsorships" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413 -msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8141 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415 -msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8143 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8150 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " -"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has " -"been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and " -"science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa." +"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has been " +"a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and science " +"subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8158 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10109,8 +10734,8 @@ msgid "" "survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8165 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10119,29 +10744,35 @@ msgid "" "colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8176 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " -"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.1 They chose LaTeX, a " -"typesetting program used to publish scientific documents, to author the " -"books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts " -"project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12." +"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> They chose LaTeX, a typesetting program used to publish " +"scientific documents, to author the books. Over a period of five years, the " +"Free High School Science Texts project produced math and physical-science " +"textbooks for grades 10 to 12." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8182 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " -"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " +"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " "the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of " "the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and " "Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8190 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10149,19 +10780,25 @@ msgid "" "enough to meet the need." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8200 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " -"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " +"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " "result was the Cape Town Open Education Declaration, a statement of " "principles, strategies, and commitment to help the open-education movement " -"grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content " -"for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula." +"grow.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Shuttleworth also invited " +"Mark to run a project writing open content for all subjects for K–12 in " +"English. That project became Siyavula." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8205 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10170,15 +10807,15 @@ msgid "" "significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8213 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " -"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " -"Although sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges " -"when you create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It " -"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but " -"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " +"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " +"sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges when you " +"create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It is " +"standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of " +"course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " "opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" "based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " @@ -10186,19 +10823,25 @@ msgid "" "share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8232 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8228 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " -"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up " +"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up " "putting all the books they’d acquired and authored on a platform called " -"Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved " -"to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited." +"Connexions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Siyavula trained many " +"teachers to use Connexions, but it proved to be too complex and the " +"textbooks were rarely edited." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8236 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10206,29 +10849,30 @@ msgid "" "an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8243 msgid "" -"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " -"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " +"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " +"tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " "teachers could share assessment items. They tried creating a service called " "Open Press, where teachers could ask for open educational resources to be " "aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really " "panned out." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8251 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " -"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school students " -"in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by " -"open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity." +"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school " +"students in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit " +"discouraged by open educational resources, they saw this as a big " +"opportunity." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8259 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10238,22 +10882,22 @@ msgid "" "to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8268 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " "in a printed textbook is demonstrate solutions. Typically, a one-line answer " "is given at the end of the book but nothing on the process for arriving at " -"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed " +"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed " "solutions, giving learners plenty of opportunity to test out what they’ve " "learned. Furthermore, an algorithm could adapt these practice items to the " "individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent " "Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8281 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10261,41 +10905,41 @@ msgid "" "targeting only the high end of the market." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8287 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " -"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " +"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " "schools who could afford it provided students with a different textbook. The " "Siyavula books were eventually distributed, but with well-off schools mainly " "using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent " "Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8296 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " "to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature " -"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " +"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading " "math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it " "was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8305 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " -"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a " +"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a " "harsh business-model lesson early on. As he describes it, it’s not just " "about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, " "and what the barriers to entry are." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8314 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10303,8 +10947,8 @@ msgid "" "customer." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8320 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10314,21 +10958,21 @@ msgid "" "for the same content without adding value." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8329 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " -"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " +"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " "subscription rates are provided when there are over two hundred students, " "and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to " "schools where both the science and math departments subscribe." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8340 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10338,40 +10982,45 @@ msgid "" "points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8349 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " -"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to " -"12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for " +"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to 12 " +"math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for " "grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8360 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8357 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " -"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.4 It’s a " -"complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other " -"resources." +"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It’s a complete curriculum that also comes with " +"teacher’s guides and other resources." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8364 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " -"nailed the production model. It cost roughly \\$150,000 to produce a book in " +"nailed the production model. It cost roughly $150,000 to produce a book in " "two languages. Sponsors liked the social-benefit aspect of textbooks " "unlocked via a Creative Commons license. They also liked the exposure their " -"brand got. For roughly \\$150,000, their logo would be visible on books " +"brand got. For roughly $150,000, their logo would be visible on books " "distributed to over one million students." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8374 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10381,8 +11030,8 @@ msgid "" "books." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8382 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10394,30 +11043,30 @@ msgid "" "government said no." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8393 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " -"costs around 250 rand per book (about US\\$18). Providing the Siyavula " -"version cost around 36 rand (about \\$2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per " +"costs around 250 rand per book (about US$18). Providing the Siyavula " +"version cost around 36 rand (about $2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per " "book. But none of those savings were passed on to Siyavula. In retrospect, " "Mark thinks this may have turned out in their favor as it allowed them to " "remain independent from the government." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8403 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " "costs, the government declared there would be only one authorized textbook " "for each grade and each subject. There was no guarantee that Siyavula’s " -"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors." +"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8411 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10429,8 +11078,8 @@ msgid "" "today." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10438,20 +11087,20 @@ msgid "" "out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 msgid "" -"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " -"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " -"the phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in " +"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " +"include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " +"phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in " "Africa, and setting up a consortium that makes Intelligent Practice free to " "all kids by selling the nonpersonal data Intelligent Practice collects." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8437 msgid "" -"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " +"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " @@ -10464,60 +11113,43 @@ msgid "" "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 -msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 -msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 -msgid "cnx.org" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 -msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8453 +msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 -msgid "## Sparkfun" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8456 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 -msgid "www.sparkfun.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8460 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 -msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8462 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " +"copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691 -msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8465 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693 -msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10526,8 +11158,8 @@ msgid "" "was glee." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8483 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -10535,8 +11167,8 @@ msgid "" "world.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8489 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10546,8 +11178,8 @@ msgid "" "their products on their own. Being copied is part of the design." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8498 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10557,16 +11189,16 @@ msgid "" "design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " "It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8513 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10577,55 +11209,55 @@ msgid "" "better for the customers.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8523 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " "the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " -"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual " -"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " +"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be " "competing on.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8532 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " "there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for " "something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and " "then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of " -"college, he registered sparkfun.com and started reselling products out of " -"his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own " -"products." +"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started " +"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making " +"and selling his own products." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8543 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " -"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " +"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " "research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he " "was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in " "simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and " "firmware for the products they create." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8552 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " -"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " +"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " "components and widgets to hobbyists, professionals, and artists remains a " "major part of SparkFun’s business. They sell their own products, but they " "also partner with Arduino (also profiled in this book) by manufacturing " "boards for resale using Arduino’s brand." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8561 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -10634,29 +11266,29 @@ msgid "" "young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8569 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " "hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8575 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " "share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with " -"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " +"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun " "uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” " "license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they " "provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing " "terms." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8586 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10667,8 +11299,8 @@ msgid "" "they open their doors to the public for a competition once a year." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10682,20 +11314,20 @@ msgid "" "human element, which makes it more meaningful." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8611 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " "they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the " -"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " +"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on " "having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the " "brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused " "on the bottom line." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8621 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10704,24 +11336,24 @@ msgid "" "unchanging content." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8628 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " "customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and " -"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. " -"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to " -"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to " -"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we " -"would design something to address it.”" +"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the " +"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " +"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been " +"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain " +"point, and we would design something to address it.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " -"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " +"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " "public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a " "particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people " "contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are " @@ -10729,8 +11361,8 @@ msgid "" "source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10740,8 +11372,8 @@ msgid "" "and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8660 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10755,49 +11387,52 @@ msgid "" "kind of company they set out to be." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859 -msgid "## TeachAIDS" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674 +msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8677 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865 -msgid "teachaids.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8682 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867 -msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8684 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869 -msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871 -msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8689 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " +"Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8697 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " -"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " +"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " "Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials " "TeachAIDS distributes." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8703 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10811,8 +11446,8 @@ msgid "" "license." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10832,8 +11467,8 @@ msgid "" "pieces of information." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8736 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10846,20 +11481,20 @@ msgid "" "Piya said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " "decided to use Creative Commons licenses on the materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8754 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " -"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " +"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the " "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " "content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for " @@ -10870,8 +11505,8 @@ msgid "" "worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10881,8 +11516,8 @@ msgid "" "everything we do.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8777 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10892,8 +11527,8 @@ msgid "" "version of the materials." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8786 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10908,8 +11543,8 @@ msgid "" "are more likely to accept information from someone of the same gender." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8801 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10925,15 +11560,15 @@ msgid "" "eleven times." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8817 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " "use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including " "teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in " "working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help " -"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. " +"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. " "Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to " "help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, " "but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who " @@ -10945,23 +11580,23 @@ msgid "" "push play and they will work.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " "organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" "kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators " "from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own " "materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The " "only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it " "completely free.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8849 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10973,20 +11608,20 @@ msgid "" "remains branded as TeachAIDS." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8860 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " -"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " +"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could " "get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” " "Shuman said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8870 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -11000,8 +11635,8 @@ msgid "" "a brand for many years to come." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8883 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11011,8 +11646,8 @@ msgid "" "initiatives." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8892 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -11022,47 +11657,49 @@ msgid "" "for TeachAIDS,” Piya said." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047 -msgid "## Tribe of Noise" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8902 +msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " "Netherlands." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053 -msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8910 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 -msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8915 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 -msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " +"cofounder" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8926 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " "online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to " -"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " +"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " "Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " "licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8935 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -11073,8 +11710,8 @@ msgid "" "readily available." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8945 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11085,8 +11722,8 @@ msgid "" "a platform." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8955 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11095,57 +11732,63 @@ msgid "" "trust relationship." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " -"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the " +"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the " "pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the " "problems the two had personally experienced finding this music." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8977 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8970 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" "listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " "the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " "In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " -"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1" +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " -"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " +"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " "collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their " "respective national markets. In addition, they require their members to " -"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. This " -"complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent artists, " -"or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached " -"out to collecting societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What " -"would be the best legal way forward that would respect the wishes of " -"composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like " -"the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and " -"said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with " -"unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where they " -"don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this convinced them " -"that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good " -"cause every single day.”" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. " +"This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent " +"artists, or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal " +"team reached out to collecting societies, starting with those in the " +"Netherlands. What would be the best legal way forward that would respect the " +"wishes of composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new " +"models like the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were " +"hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they " +"primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of " +"the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and " +"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still " +"fighting for a good cause every single day.”" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9001 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " "Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for example, " "sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business " -"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " +"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a " "similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and " "restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service " "into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do " @@ -11153,43 +11796,48 @@ msgid "" "happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9014 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " "share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the " "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " -"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" +"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9022 msgid "" -"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " -"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " +"A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " +"selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " "retailer with 1,000 stores nationwide. In this case the overall playlist " -"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license " -"fee agreed with this retailer is US\\$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% " -"is shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " -"you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per " -"month.2" +"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee " +"agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is " +"shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " +"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9033 msgid "" -"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " +"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " -"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " +"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " "one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" "SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9044 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11201,18 +11849,18 @@ msgid "" "reuse their song for a better deal." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9055 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " "the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " -"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire " -"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " +"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9063 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11220,8 +11868,8 @@ msgid "" "than the community area." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9069 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11230,8 +11878,8 @@ msgid "" "interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9077 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11243,8 +11891,8 @@ msgid "" "them." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9088 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11254,11 +11902,11 @@ msgid "" "to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9098 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " -"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " +"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " "music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " "Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " @@ -11268,8 +11916,8 @@ msgid "" "collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9110 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11286,8 +11934,8 @@ msgid "" "without litigation." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9127 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11299,57 +11947,47 @@ msgid "" "a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245 -msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245 -msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 -msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9139 +msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9142 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 -msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9147 +msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 -msgid "Revenue model: donations" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9149 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 -msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9151 +msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9154 msgid "" -"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " -"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " +"Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9163 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9166 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11358,16 +11996,16 @@ msgid "" "reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9174 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" "the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9179 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11382,8 +12020,8 @@ msgid "" "organization." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9193 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11391,19 +12029,19 @@ msgid "" "are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9200 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " -"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " +"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " "makes the projects successful—community, transparency, a strong mission, " "trust—are consistent with what it takes to be successfully Made with " "Creative Commons more generally. With Wikipedia, everything just happens at " "an unprecedented scale." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11416,37 +12054,37 @@ msgid "" "edits are made every hour." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9221 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " "improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community " "Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on " "Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by " -"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their " -"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule " -"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. " -"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve " -"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, " -"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " +"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of " +"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the " +"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their " +"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to " +"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject " +"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " "is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, " -"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " +"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the " "foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as " "effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical " "infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s " "budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9244 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " -"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " +"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly " "evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the " -"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " +"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, " "somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some " "portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place " "to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy " @@ -11455,11 +12093,11 @@ msgid "" "just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9259 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " -"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " +"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " "the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long " "as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the " @@ -11469,8 +12107,15 @@ msgid "" "everyone.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9283 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" +"mistakes/\"/>" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11482,26 +12127,27 @@ msgid "" "“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " "motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English " "Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles " -"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users " -"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " -"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” " -"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”" +"more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not " +"the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate " +"images, some donate financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all " +"contributors.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9289 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " -"donations, with about \\$15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the " +"donations, with about $15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the " "ten most popular websites in terms of total page views, donations from a " "small portion of that audience can translate into a lot of money. In the " -"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than \\$77 million from more than " -"five million donors." +"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than $77 million from more than five " +"million donors." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9299 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11512,11 +12158,11 @@ msgid "" "Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9310 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " -"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " +"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " "realize this vision by empowering people around the globe to create " "educational content made freely available under an open license or in the " "public domain. Stephen and Luis said the mission, which is rooted in the " @@ -11524,8 +12170,8 @@ msgid "" "does." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9319 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11533,8 +12179,8 @@ msgid "" "instills trust in their community." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9325 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11542,8 +12188,8 @@ msgid "" "an entire movement,” Stephen told us." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408 +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11551,553 +12197,556 @@ msgid "" "said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”" msgstr "" -#. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 -msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 -msgid "## Bibliography" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9341 +msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9343 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9349 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9357 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9361 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9365 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." -"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under " +"CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9372 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " -"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" -"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)." +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" +"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9378 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-" -"paradigm/." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9388 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" "Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " "cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " -"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more " -"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons." +"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-" +"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" +"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9398 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9402 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 msgid "" -"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " +"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468 -msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9409 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " +"BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9413 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9426 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-" -"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-" -"urban-commons1.pdf." +"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9438 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " -"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." +"Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9443 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " -"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" -"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all." +"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://hbr." +"org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9452 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " -"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " +"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " "of Regina Press, 2015. uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge (licensed " "under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9468 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " -"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" -"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models." +"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink url=" +"\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9474 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9478 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9483 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " "Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 msgid "" -"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " +"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9492 msgid "" -"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " -"Viking, 2013." +"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " +"York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9496 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9500 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9505 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9509 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9517 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9521 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9525 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9532 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9536 msgid "" -"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " +"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " -"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" +"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/" +"technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9545 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9549 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9553 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9557 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " -"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " -"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf." +"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " +"<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9563 msgid "" -"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." -"com/books/business-model-generation." +"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " +"NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " +"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9569 msgid "" -"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " +"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " -"book is available at strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design." +"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" +"proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9575 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro." -"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-" -"SA)." +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9587 msgid "" -"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" -"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed " +"under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/" -"cathedral-bazaar/." +"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink url=\"http://www.catb.org/" +"esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9599 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9604 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " -"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " +"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9609 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9613 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" -"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " +"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9621 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9625 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9633 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9641 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9645 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " -"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " +"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9654 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9658 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9662 msgid "" -"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " +"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. opendesignnow.org (licensed " -"under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9670 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" -"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9676 msgid "" -"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." -"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " +"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" +"NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670 -msgid "## Acknowledgments" +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9686 +msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9688 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12106,16 +12755,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " -"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " +"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9700 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12124,8 +12773,8 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9708 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12133,8 +12782,8 @@ msgid "" "Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12182,10 +12831,10 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091 +#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9765 msgid "" -"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " +"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " "Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam Procter, " "Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam Zimmerman, " @@ -12196,7 +12845,7 @@ msgid "" "Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, Alexander Klar, " "Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, Alexandre " "Rafalovitch, Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, Alfredo Louro, " -"Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison " +"Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison " "Pentecost, Alistair Boettiger, Alistair Walder, Alix Bernier, Allan " "Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, Allison Jane Smith, " "Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit Bagree, Amit Tikare, " @@ -12209,7 +12858,7 @@ msgid "" "Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, " "Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton " "Porsche, Antònia Folguera, António Ornelas, Antonis Triantafyllakis, aois21 " -"publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, " +"publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, " "Arithmomaniac, Arnaud Tessier, Arnim Sommer, Ashima Bawa, Ashley Elsdon, " "Athanassios Diacakis, Aurora Thornton, Aurore Chavet Henry, Austin " "Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel " @@ -12237,7 +12886,7 @@ msgid "" "Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, " "Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile, " "@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, " -"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, " +"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, " "Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, " "Chenpang Chou, Cheryl Corte, Cheryl Todd, Chip Dickerson, Chip McIntosh, " "Chris Bannister, Chris Betcher, Chris Coleman, Chris Conway, Chris Foote " @@ -12267,7 +12916,7 @@ msgid "" "Eriksson, David Gallagher, David H. Bronke, David Hartley, David Hellam, " "David Hood, David Hunter, David jlaietta, David Lewis, David Mason, David " "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " -"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " +"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " "Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " "Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, " @@ -12275,7 +12924,7 @@ msgid "" "Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " "Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " "Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " -"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " "Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " "Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " "Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " @@ -12299,7 +12948,7 @@ msgid "" "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George " "Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, " "Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, " -"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives " +"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives " "Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, " "Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg " "Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, " @@ -12348,7 +12997,7 @@ msgid "" "Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, Julia Devonshire, " "Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien Leroy, Juliet Chen, " "Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin Grimes, Justin Jones, " -"Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan " +"Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. Przybylski, Kaloyan " "Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " "Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " "Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, " @@ -12419,7 +13068,7 @@ msgid "" "Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele " "Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas " "Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick " -"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " +"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky " "Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek " "Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, " "Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah " @@ -12429,7 +13078,7 @@ msgid "" "Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, " "Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat " "Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, " -"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " +"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick " "McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik " "Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, " "Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul " @@ -12439,7 +13088,7 @@ msgid "" "Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter " "O’Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr " "Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip " -"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " +"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, " "Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, " "Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, " "Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, " @@ -12517,3 +13166,55 @@ msgid "" "Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " "ZeMarmot Open Movie" msgstr "" + +#, fuzzy +#~ msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" + +#~ msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" +#~ msgstr "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3" + +#~ msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" +#~ msgstr "Okładka i projekt wewnętrzny: Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk" + +#~ msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma" +#~ msgstr "Edycja treści: Grace Yaginuma" + +#~ msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" +#~ msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books" + +#~ msgid "Husumgade 10, 5." +#~ msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5." + +#~ msgid "2200 Copenhagen N" +#~ msgstr "2200 Copenhagen N" + +#~ msgid "Denmark" +#~ msgstr "Denmark" + +#~ msgid "www.cadb.dk" +#~ msgstr "www.cadb.dk" + +#~ msgid "hey@cadb.dk" +#~ msgstr "hey@cadb.dk" + +#~ msgid "Printer:" +#~ msgstr "Druk:" + +#~ msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" +#~ msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa" + +#~ msgid "88-100 Inowrocław," +#~ msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław," + +#~ msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12," +#~ msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12," + +#~ msgid "Poland" +#~ msgstr "Polska" + +#~ msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n" +#~ msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n" + +#~ msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#~ msgstr "Paul Stacey i Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"