X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/801b2c7edf633130ba2cbe43726e6545e24f735e..a5143f95219cae31a509a48d356112ea69c0bca4:/po/mwcc.pot diff --git a/po/mwcc.pot b/po/mwcc.pot index df05753..140ac4a 100644 --- a/po/mwcc.pot +++ b/po/mwcc.pot @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 13:19-0500\n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-18 10:47-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66 msgid "" -"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " +"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " @@ -680,7 +680,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.5417in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -692,12 +699,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -709,7 +716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -719,12 +726,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"6.5in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " @@ -733,7 +747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -745,7 +759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -757,7 +771,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -768,7 +782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -780,7 +794,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -792,12 +806,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -805,7 +819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -816,7 +830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -827,7 +841,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -844,12 +858,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"4.2362in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -857,7 +878,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -867,7 +888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -875,7 +896,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -885,12 +906,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -899,7 +920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -909,7 +930,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -920,7 +941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -931,7 +952,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -940,12 +961,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -956,7 +977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " @@ -966,7 +987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -978,7 +999,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -989,7 +1017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " @@ -1004,14 +1032,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1023,7 +1058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1043,7 +1078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " @@ -1056,7 +1091,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1069,7 +1104,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1078,12 +1113,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " +"height=\"3.389in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1091,12 +1133,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1104,24 +1146,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1137,7 +1179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1150,7 +1192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1165,7 +1207,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1175,12 +1217,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1191,7 +1233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " @@ -1208,7 +1250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1218,7 +1260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1229,7 +1271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1243,7 +1285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1253,7 +1295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1267,12 +1309,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1287,7 +1329,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1297,7 +1339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1309,7 +1351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1329,7 +1371,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1342,7 +1384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1357,7 +1399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1368,7 +1410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1377,7 +1419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1392,7 +1434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1402,7 +1444,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1415,7 +1457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1430,7 +1472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1445,12 +1487,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1459,7 +1501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1469,7 +1511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " @@ -1483,7 +1525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1497,7 +1539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1512,7 +1554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1526,7 +1568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1541,7 +1583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1558,7 +1600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1567,12 +1609,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1585,7 +1627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1595,7 +1637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1607,7 +1649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1617,7 +1659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1626,7 +1668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1641,7 +1683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1652,7 +1694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1663,39 +1705,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, " @@ -1704,29 +1746,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" "10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n" " a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n" " Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n" -" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n" -" 2015), 201–4.\n" +" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n" +" 201–4.\n" "11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n" " Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n" " Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n" @@ -1747,8 +1789,8 @@ msgid "" " 22, 2016.\n" "18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n" " Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n" -" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n" -" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" +" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n" +" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n" "19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n" " Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n" " Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n" @@ -1757,8 +1799,8 @@ msgid "" "21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n" " Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n" "22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n" -" September 24,\n" -" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" +" September 24, 2016,\n" +" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n" "23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n" "24. Ibid., 116.\n" "25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n" @@ -1767,8 +1809,8 @@ msgid "" "26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n" " the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n" " LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n" -" City of Bologna,\n" -" 2014), " +" City of Bologna, 2014),\n" +" " "www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n" "27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n" " Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n" @@ -1790,20 +1832,20 @@ msgid "" "33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n" " (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n" " available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n" -"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n" -" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" +"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n" +" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n" "35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n" -" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n" -" at " +" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n" +" " "docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n" " You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n" -" Questions\n" -" at " +" Questions at\n" +" " "docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n" "36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n" " post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n" -" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n" -" at " +" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n" +" " "medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n" "37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n" " and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n" @@ -1811,17 +1853,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1839,7 +1881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1851,7 +1893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1859,7 +1901,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -1871,7 +1913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1883,7 +1925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1892,7 +1934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1904,7 +1946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1917,7 +1959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -1927,7 +1969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -1942,7 +1984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -1956,7 +1998,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -1966,7 +2008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -1981,7 +2023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -1993,7 +2035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2005,7 +2047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2013,7 +2055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2026,7 +2068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2040,7 +2082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2053,7 +2095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2070,7 +2112,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2085,7 +2127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2095,7 +2137,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2103,12 +2145,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2127,7 +2169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2143,7 +2185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2160,7 +2202,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2168,7 +2210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2181,7 +2223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2191,7 +2233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2202,7 +2244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2219,7 +2261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2230,7 +2272,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2243,19 +2285,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2268,7 +2310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " @@ -2278,7 +2320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2293,7 +2335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " @@ -2305,12 +2347,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " @@ -2328,7 +2370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2343,7 +2385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2358,7 +2400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " "credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " @@ -2369,12 +2411,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2385,7 +2427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2401,7 +2443,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2418,12 +2460,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2432,7 +2474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2446,7 +2488,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2461,7 +2503,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " @@ -2473,12 +2515,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2493,12 +2535,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2515,7 +2557,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2526,7 +2568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2537,12 +2579,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2553,7 +2595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2570,7 +2612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2583,7 +2625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2594,33 +2636,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " "lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content " -"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or" +"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709 -msgid "service." -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730 msgid "" "#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * " "\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2633,12 +2670,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741 msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2662,12 +2699,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2678,12 +2715,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774 msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2692,7 +2729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2707,12 +2744,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792 msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2727,12 +2764,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -2746,12 +2783,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817 msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -2764,12 +2801,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829 msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2780,12 +2817,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838 msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2798,12 +2835,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2812,7 +2849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2826,7 +2863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2836,7 +2873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2845,12 +2882,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2865,12 +2902,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -2883,12 +2920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -2906,7 +2943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " @@ -2917,12 +2954,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -2939,7 +2976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1930 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -2949,7 +2986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -2957,7 +2994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -2965,7 +3002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -2978,7 +3015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -2993,7 +3030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3002,12 +3039,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3018,7 +3055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3033,7 +3070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3047,7 +3084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3059,12 +3096,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3077,7 +3114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " @@ -3085,7 +3122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 msgid "" "avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy " "collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then " @@ -3099,12 +3136,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2062 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3121,7 +3158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2071 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " "self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that " @@ -3134,7 +3171,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3148,12 +3185,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2083 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " "fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even " @@ -3166,7 +3203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3174,7 +3211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " "kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " @@ -3189,12 +3226,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2111 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3207,7 +3244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2130 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3220,7 +3257,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3229,12 +3266,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2138 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2148 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3247,7 +3284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2160 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3262,7 +3299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -3278,19 +3315,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2189 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3305,7 +3342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2201 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3321,7 +3358,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3333,12 +3370,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2211 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3352,12 +3389,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2224 msgid "commitment.68" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3369,7 +3406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2250 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3389,7 +3426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2261 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3403,7 +3440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -3416,12 +3453,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2272 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3429,19 +3466,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3449,33 +3486,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3548,8 +3585,8 @@ msgid "" "64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n" " reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n" "65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n" -" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n" -" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" +" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n" +" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n" "66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n" "67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n" "68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n" @@ -3565,12 +3602,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2375 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3585,12 +3622,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3600,7 +3644,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3611,7 +3662,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3619,7 +3677,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2419 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3628,7 +3693,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3636,7 +3708,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2434 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2439 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3645,7 +3724,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3653,21 +3732,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453 +msgid "" +"![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in\" " +"height=\"1.4689in\"}" +msgstr "" + +#. type: Plain text +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2457 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " @@ -3680,7 +3773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2478 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -3695,7 +3788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3710,7 +3803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3719,7 +3812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3733,12 +3826,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3746,22 +3839,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# Part 2" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2517 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2525 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3773,7 +3866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3783,24 +3876,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3808,22 +3901,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2548 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3586 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4031 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4890 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5355 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5790 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6035 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6424 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2519 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2560 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3839,7 +3932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2568 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3850,7 +3943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2575 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3861,7 +3954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " "school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " @@ -3873,7 +3966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2591 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3884,7 +3977,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2598 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -3894,7 +3987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2610 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -3909,7 +4002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2623 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -3925,7 +4018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2630 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -3936,7 +4029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2636 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -3946,7 +4039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2646 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -3960,7 +4053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2656 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -3973,7 +4066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2665 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -3986,7 +4079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2676 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4001,7 +4094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2686 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4015,7 +4108,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4027,7 +4120,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2701 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4038,7 +4131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2714 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4054,7 +4147,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2720 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4064,7 +4157,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2685 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4074,7 +4167,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4082,27 +4175,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6013 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4110,32 +4203,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3397 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4509 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6265 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6702 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4144,12 +4237,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2768 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development " @@ -4162,7 +4255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2779 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4177,7 +4270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2788 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4189,7 +4282,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4200,7 +4293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2801 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4210,7 +4303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2807 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4220,7 +4313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2821 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4237,7 +4330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2827 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4247,7 +4340,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2836 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " "belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " @@ -4260,7 +4353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4271,7 +4364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4281,7 +4374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4289,7 +4382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2865 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4304,7 +4397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2873 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4315,7 +4408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2879 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4325,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4335,41 +4428,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2910 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4382,7 +4475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2919 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4394,7 +4487,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2925 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4403,7 +4496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2935 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4416,7 +4509,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2904 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2945 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4430,7 +4523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4440,7 +4533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2961 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4452,7 +4545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2968 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -4463,7 +4556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2974 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4473,7 +4566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4488,7 +4581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2993 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4499,7 +4592,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4509,7 +4602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4526,7 +4619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3019 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4535,7 +4628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4546,7 +4639,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3031 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4555,7 +4648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4567,44 +4660,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4612,7 +4705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3069 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " @@ -4624,7 +4717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4634,7 +4727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3080 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4643,7 +4736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4653,7 +4746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4661,7 +4754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4676,7 +4769,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " "time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " @@ -4684,7 +4777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3111 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4693,7 +4786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4709,7 +4802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with " @@ -4717,7 +4810,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4726,7 +4819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3139 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4737,7 +4830,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3150 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4752,7 +4845,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4762,7 +4855,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4771,7 +4864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4786,7 +4879,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4798,7 +4891,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4811,7 +4904,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3196 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4821,7 +4914,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3203 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4832,7 +4925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4842,7 +4935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4851,12 +4944,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " @@ -4864,24 +4957,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3239 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -4893,7 +4986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3245 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -4903,7 +4996,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3263 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -4925,7 +5018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3274 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -4940,7 +5033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3285 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -4954,7 +5047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3294 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " @@ -4967,7 +5060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3307 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -4983,7 +5076,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3318 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -4997,7 +5090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3325 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5007,7 +5100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3333 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5018,7 +5111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5030,7 +5123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5041,7 +5134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3355 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5051,7 +5144,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5063,7 +5156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5073,7 +5166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3373 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5081,7 +5174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5091,46 +5184,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7417 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5141,7 +5234,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3408 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5149,7 +5242,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5162,7 +5255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3421 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5170,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3436 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5188,7 +5281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3447 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5203,7 +5296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3455 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5215,7 +5308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3463 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5227,7 +5320,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3474 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5241,7 +5334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3480 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5251,7 +5344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3446 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3487 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5261,7 +5354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3500 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5277,7 +5370,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3513 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5293,7 +5386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3525 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5309,7 +5402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3534 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " @@ -5322,7 +5415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5335,7 +5428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3552 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5348,7 +5441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3561 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5361,7 +5454,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5371,17 +5464,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5389,27 +5482,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5422,7 +5515,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3599 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5430,7 +5523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5441,7 +5534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5450,7 +5543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5458,7 +5551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3624 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5469,7 +5562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " "open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " @@ -5479,7 +5572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " @@ -5488,7 +5581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3601 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3642 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5498,7 +5591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3648 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5507,7 +5600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3658 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5520,7 +5613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3666 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5532,7 +5625,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3678 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " "journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " @@ -5548,7 +5641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3645 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3686 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5560,7 +5653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3694 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5572,7 +5665,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3705 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5586,7 +5679,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3713 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5598,7 +5691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3720 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5609,7 +5702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " @@ -5622,7 +5715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5635,7 +5728,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3749 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -5648,7 +5741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3756 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5658,7 +5751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5674,27 +5767,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -5702,29 +5795,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3808 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -5744,7 +5837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5757,7 +5850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3829 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5772,7 +5865,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3844 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5790,7 +5883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3858 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5807,7 +5900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3828 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3869 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5822,7 +5915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -5842,7 +5935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3891 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5851,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3904 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5868,7 +5961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3874 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3915 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5883,7 +5976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -5893,7 +5986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those " @@ -5901,7 +5994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3930 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -5910,7 +6003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3940 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -5924,7 +6017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3949 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -5936,7 +6029,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3961 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -5952,7 +6045,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -5963,7 +6056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -5971,7 +6064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3977 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -5979,7 +6072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3987 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -5992,7 +6085,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6001,7 +6094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4001 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6012,7 +6105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6022,32 +6115,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6055,27 +6148,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6092,7 +6185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6101,7 +6194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4055 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6110,7 +6203,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4069 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6128,7 +6221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4076 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6139,7 +6232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4083 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6150,7 +6243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4090 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6160,7 +6253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4099 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6173,35 +6266,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4102 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6210,7 +6303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6218,7 +6311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4120 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6226,7 +6319,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6238,7 +6331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4137 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6251,7 +6344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4147 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6264,7 +6357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4119 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6281,7 +6374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4165 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6289,7 +6382,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6301,7 +6394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6309,7 +6402,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6317,7 +6410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 " @@ -6329,7 +6422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4198 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6341,7 +6434,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4207 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6353,7 +6446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6363,7 +6456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4224 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6377,14 +6470,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4236 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " "grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " @@ -6397,7 +6490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6410,64 +6503,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4288 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " "education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " @@ -6490,7 +6583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6502,7 +6595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4305 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6513,7 +6606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4311 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6523,7 +6616,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4323 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6539,33 +6632,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4338 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6575,7 +6668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4344 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6585,7 +6678,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6595,7 +6688,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4357 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6606,7 +6699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4372 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6624,7 +6717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6637,7 +6730,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4391 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6650,7 +6743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4397 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6660,7 +6753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4365 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6673,7 +6766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4414 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6683,7 +6776,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4425 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -6698,7 +6791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4433 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6710,7 +6803,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4442 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6722,7 +6815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4408 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6733,7 +6826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6746,7 +6839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6757,7 +6850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4470 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6766,7 +6859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4480 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " @@ -6780,7 +6873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6792,34 +6885,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6827,12 +6920,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4519 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6845,7 +6938,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6858,7 +6951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4533 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6867,7 +6960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4541 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6879,7 +6972,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -6896,7 +6989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -6907,7 +7000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -6918,7 +7011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4576 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -6928,7 +7021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -6940,7 +7033,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4590 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -6950,7 +7043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4598 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -6962,7 +7055,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4608 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " "skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " @@ -6975,7 +7068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -6991,7 +7084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4628 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7000,7 +7093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7014,7 +7107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " "grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " @@ -7025,7 +7118,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7035,7 +7128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7045,7 +7138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7053,12 +7146,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7066,27 +7159,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7094,7 +7187,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7105,7 +7198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7115,7 +7208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7125,7 +7218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7137,7 +7230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4716 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7147,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4724 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " @@ -7158,7 +7251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7167,7 +7260,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4741 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7182,7 +7275,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7194,7 +7287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7204,7 +7297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4768 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7220,7 +7313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7235,7 +7328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4783 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " "one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7243,7 +7336,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7256,7 +7349,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7264,7 +7357,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4803 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7273,7 +7366,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7288,7 +7381,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4821 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7298,7 +7391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7306,7 +7399,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4833 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7317,7 +7410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7326,7 +7419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4846 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7338,7 +7431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4851 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7347,7 +7440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4859 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7359,7 +7452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7371,27 +7464,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7399,29 +7492,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " "London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -7433,7 +7526,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " "society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " @@ -7447,7 +7540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7457,29 +7550,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7490,7 +7583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7500,7 +7593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7510,7 +7603,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7520,14 +7613,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4951 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -7542,7 +7635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4974 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7557,7 +7650,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " "demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " @@ -7568,7 +7661,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7578,7 +7671,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7589,12 +7682,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4999 msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7602,7 +7695,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7612,7 +7705,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7621,7 +7714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5022 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " "Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " @@ -7632,7 +7725,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -7646,7 +7739,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7654,7 +7747,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7665,7 +7758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7675,7 +7768,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5055 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7684,7 +7777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7693,7 +7786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7712,7 +7805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5080 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7720,7 +7813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7729,64 +7822,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7794,27 +7887,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7062 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7823,7 +7916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -7841,7 +7934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5143 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7850,7 +7943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -7863,7 +7956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7873,7 +7966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -7881,7 +7974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5169 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -7891,7 +7984,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5174 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -7900,7 +7993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5179 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -7909,7 +8002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -7922,7 +8015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -7934,7 +8027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5200 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -7942,14 +8035,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -7957,14 +8050,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -7972,7 +8065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " @@ -7981,14 +8074,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -7997,17 +8090,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5227 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5236 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8020,34 +8113,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5244 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8055,7 +8148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5256 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8065,7 +8158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8076,7 +8169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8086,7 +8179,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5276 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8096,7 +8189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8108,7 +8201,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8118,29 +8211,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5302 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8148,28 +8241,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5311 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8181,7 +8274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8191,7 +8284,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8200,32 +8293,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " @@ -8233,29 +8326,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5366 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8269,7 +8362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5375 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8282,7 +8375,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5385 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8296,7 +8389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5394 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8308,7 +8401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8319,7 +8412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8329,7 +8422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5414 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8338,7 +8431,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8347,7 +8440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5424 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8356,7 +8449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " @@ -8369,7 +8462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5442 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8381,7 +8474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5450 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8393,7 +8486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " "efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " @@ -8407,7 +8500,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5466 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8417,7 +8510,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5475 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8429,7 +8522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8444,7 +8537,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5493 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8455,7 +8548,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8469,7 +8562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5519 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8488,7 +8581,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5528 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " @@ -8500,7 +8593,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5536 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8512,7 +8605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5545 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8524,34 +8617,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5557 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8560,7 +8653,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8569,7 +8662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5568 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8579,7 +8672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8592,32 +8685,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8625,12 +8718,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8638,7 +8731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8647,7 +8740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8658,7 +8751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5626 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8673,7 +8766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5635 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8685,7 +8778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5645 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8698,7 +8791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5655 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8711,7 +8804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8730,7 +8823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5677 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8740,7 +8833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5685 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8751,7 +8844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5695 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8765,7 +8858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8777,7 +8870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5711 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8788,7 +8881,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5719 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8800,7 +8893,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8812,7 +8905,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8822,7 +8915,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5742 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -8834,7 +8927,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5753 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8849,7 +8942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8860,7 +8953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -8872,17 +8965,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " @@ -8890,29 +8983,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -8928,7 +9021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5812 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -8942,7 +9035,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5822 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -8956,7 +9049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5832 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -8970,7 +9063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5843 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -8984,7 +9077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5851 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -8996,7 +9089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5856 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9005,7 +9098,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9023,7 +9116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " "BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " @@ -9034,7 +9127,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5882 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9042,7 +9135,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9053,7 +9146,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5895 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9062,7 +9155,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9073,7 +9166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5910 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9083,7 +9176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9107,7 +9200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5935 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9115,7 +9208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5940 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9124,7 +9217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5950 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9138,7 +9231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5955 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9147,7 +9240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9166,7 +9259,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5978 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9178,7 +9271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5990 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9193,7 +9286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5999 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9205,7 +9298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9217,7 +9310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9225,56 +9318,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6018 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026 msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6033 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9291,7 +9384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9307,7 +9400,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6069 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9318,7 +9411,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6081 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9334,7 +9427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6092 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9348,7 +9441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6104 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9363,7 +9456,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6114 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " @@ -9377,7 +9470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6086 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " "poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " @@ -9393,7 +9486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6134 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9404,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9419,7 +9512,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6153 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9430,7 +9523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9443,7 +9536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6167 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9452,7 +9545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6177 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " @@ -9465,7 +9558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6187 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -9479,7 +9572,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9496,7 +9589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9504,7 +9597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6211 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9515,7 +9608,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9530,7 +9623,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9550,22 +9643,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: " "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: " @@ -9573,44 +9666,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6261 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6263 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6274 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9623,7 +9716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9636,7 +9729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9647,7 +9740,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6300 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9660,7 +9753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9673,7 +9766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6319 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9686,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6331 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9702,7 +9795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9718,7 +9811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9730,7 +9823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9739,7 +9832,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6364 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9751,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6374 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9765,7 +9858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -9777,7 +9870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9787,7 +9880,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9805,7 +9898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " @@ -9814,12 +9907,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9827,27 +9920,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6418 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9857,7 +9950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9866,7 +9959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9876,7 +9969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -9887,7 +9980,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -9897,7 +9990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -9906,7 +9999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -9917,7 +10010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6436 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -9927,7 +10020,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -9943,7 +10036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6498 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -9954,7 +10047,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -9963,7 +10056,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -9974,7 +10067,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -9984,7 +10077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6526 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -9995,7 +10088,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10009,7 +10102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10018,7 +10111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10029,7 +10122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10040,7 +10133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10051,7 +10144,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10060,7 +10153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6577 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10071,7 +10164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " "up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10084,7 +10177,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10095,7 +10188,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6601 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10105,7 +10198,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10115,7 +10208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10127,7 +10220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6622 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10138,7 +10231,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10151,7 +10244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10163,7 +10256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10173,7 +10266,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10186,7 +10279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " @@ -10195,7 +10288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10205,7 +10298,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10221,59 +10314,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " "hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6696 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10283,7 +10376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan " "said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were " @@ -10292,7 +10385,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10303,7 +10396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6729 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10314,7 +10407,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your " @@ -10322,7 +10415,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10334,7 +10427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6749 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -10346,7 +10439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10359,7 +10452,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10370,7 +10463,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10381,7 +10474,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " @@ -10392,7 +10485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10400,7 +10493,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6792 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10413,7 +10506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10425,7 +10518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10440,7 +10533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6820 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10452,7 +10545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6826 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10462,7 +10555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -10475,7 +10568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -10487,7 +10580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6852 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10498,7 +10591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10513,12 +10606,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " @@ -10526,27 +10619,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6874 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6876 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6885 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10555,7 +10648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10570,7 +10663,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10591,7 +10684,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6924 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10605,7 +10698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6928 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10613,7 +10706,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10629,7 +10722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10640,7 +10733,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6955 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10651,7 +10744,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6968 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10667,7 +10760,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6982 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10684,7 +10777,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6999 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -10704,7 +10797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7010 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -10719,7 +10812,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10732,7 +10825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10744,7 +10837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya " @@ -10759,7 +10852,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7004 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10770,7 +10863,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " "education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " @@ -10781,12 +10874,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10794,22 +10887,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7066 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10820,7 +10913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -10832,7 +10925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7092 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10844,7 +10937,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10854,7 +10947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10864,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7113 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -10876,7 +10969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -10897,7 +10990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -10912,7 +11005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -10922,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7158 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -10935,7 +11028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -10947,7 +11040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -10960,7 +11053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -10970,7 +11063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -10979,7 +11072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7195 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " "work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " @@ -10989,7 +11082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11002,7 +11095,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7212 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11014,7 +11107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7223 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11028,7 +11121,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7238 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11046,7 +11139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11059,56 +11152,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7270 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " @@ -11118,7 +11211,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " @@ -11126,7 +11219,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11142,7 +11235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11151,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7304 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11162,7 +11255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7314 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11176,7 +11269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7334 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11199,7 +11292,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7347 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11215,7 +11308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11229,7 +11322,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11248,7 +11341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7382 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11260,7 +11353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11272,7 +11365,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11284,7 +11377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11293,7 +11386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11302,7 +11395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11311,17 +11404,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11329,33 +11422,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. " @@ -11364,7 +11457,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " "Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. " @@ -11373,7 +11466,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11382,14 +11475,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " "Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " @@ -11400,54 +11493,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7473 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7444 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7485 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -11457,7 +11550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11465,21 +11558,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. " @@ -11487,7 +11580,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11496,21 +11589,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " "Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " @@ -11518,21 +11611,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " "Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11540,124 +11633,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " "Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7538 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -11665,7 +11758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -11673,7 +11766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11681,14 +11774,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -11698,7 +11791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. " @@ -11707,7 +11800,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -11716,7 +11809,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7617 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11724,7 +11817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11732,73 +11825,73 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " "Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7647 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11806,21 +11899,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7659 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11830,7 +11923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. " @@ -11838,26 +11931,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. " "web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " "Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7677 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7683 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11867,7 +11960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7687 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11875,7 +11968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11885,7 +11978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7698 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " @@ -11894,7 +11987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7745 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -11943,7 +12036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8098 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "