X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/6298b20bcba9fede86b50b51e0b45e6ea74dc05c..a6fce00e108abdc74e713696ace52d7ada851d54:/po/nb/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/nb/mwcc.po b/po/nb/mwcc.po index d13da71..0b09b93 100644 --- a/po/nb/mwcc.po +++ b/po/nb/mwcc.po @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-08-31 12:00-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-08-01 06:21+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-13 12:28-0500\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-09-23 07:09+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Allan Nordhøy \n" "Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål \n" "Language: nb\n" @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ msgstr "" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" -"X-Generator: Weblate 2.16-dev\n" +"X-Generator: Weblate 2.17-dev\n" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2 @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ msgstr "av Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10 msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons." -msgstr "" +msgstr "© 2017, av Creative Commons." #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13 @@ -560,27 +560,22 @@ msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314 -msgid "# Part 1" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315 msgid "# The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317 msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319 msgid "Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the " "web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. " @@ -591,7 +586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -604,7 +599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " @@ -618,12 +613,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349 msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " @@ -632,7 +627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " @@ -644,14 +639,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365 msgid "" "Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " "engagement with commons, state, and market." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -664,7 +659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -675,7 +670,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -684,14 +679,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.5417in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -703,12 +698,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401 msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework " @@ -720,7 +715,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " @@ -730,19 +725,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"6.5in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420 msgid "#### Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " "they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" @@ -751,7 +746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -763,7 +758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -775,7 +770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " @@ -785,7 +780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -797,7 +792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " "conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as " @@ -809,12 +804,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468 msgid "#### People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -822,7 +817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:481 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -833,7 +828,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -844,7 +839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can " @@ -861,19 +856,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"4.2362in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506 msgid "#### Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -885,7 +880,7 @@ msgstr "" "disputter." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -895,7 +890,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -903,7 +898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " @@ -913,12 +908,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530 msgid "#### Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -927,7 +922,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What " "we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the " @@ -937,7 +932,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -948,7 +943,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -959,7 +954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -968,12 +963,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563 msgid "### A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -984,7 +979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " "around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " @@ -994,7 +989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1006,14 +1001,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) " "taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of " @@ -1024,7 +1019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " "political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " @@ -1039,21 +1034,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The " "Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that " @@ -1065,7 +1060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:642 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the " "Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. " @@ -1085,7 +1080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " "model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" @@ -1098,7 +1093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " @@ -1111,7 +1106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1120,19 +1115,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png){width=\"6.5in\" " "height=\"3.389in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671 msgid "### The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1140,12 +1135,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1153,24 +1148,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683 msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1186,7 +1181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1199,7 +1194,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1214,7 +1209,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1224,12 +1219,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727 msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1240,7 +1235,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " "each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " @@ -1257,7 +1252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People " @@ -1267,7 +1262,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1278,7 +1273,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " @@ -1292,7 +1287,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1302,7 +1297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1316,12 +1311,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791 msgid "### The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1336,7 +1331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1346,7 +1341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1358,7 +1353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:835 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1378,7 +1373,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " @@ -1391,7 +1386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1406,7 +1401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " @@ -1417,7 +1412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1426,7 +1421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1440,7 +1435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886 msgid "" "“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s " "Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as " @@ -1450,7 +1445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895 msgid "" "It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model " "as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for " @@ -1463,7 +1458,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " @@ -1477,7 +1472,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1492,12 +1487,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919 msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1506,7 +1501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1516,7 +1511,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " "putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " @@ -1530,7 +1525,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:954 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1544,7 +1539,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1559,7 +1554,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975 msgid "" "The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " "Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " @@ -1573,7 +1568,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1588,7 +1583,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1001 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1605,7 +1600,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1614,12 +1609,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1008 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007 msgid "### Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, " @@ -1632,7 +1627,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -1642,7 +1637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -1654,7 +1649,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1038 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -1664,7 +1659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -1673,7 +1668,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1054 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -1688,7 +1683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -1699,7 +1694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -1710,40 +1705,40 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069 msgid "### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. " @@ -1752,21 +1747,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 msgid "" "Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing " "Knowledge Commons, 59." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n" @@ -1855,17 +1850,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171 msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -1882,7 +1877,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -1894,7 +1889,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -1902,7 +1897,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " @@ -1913,7 +1908,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and " @@ -1925,7 +1920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -1934,7 +1929,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -1946,7 +1941,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1240 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -1959,7 +1954,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -1969,7 +1964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1257 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -1984,7 +1979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -1998,7 +1993,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2008,7 +2003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " @@ -2023,7 +2018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2035,7 +2030,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2047,7 +2042,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2055,7 +2050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2068,7 +2063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2082,7 +2077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " "is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 " @@ -2095,7 +2090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2112,7 +2107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1360 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. " @@ -2127,7 +2122,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2137,7 +2132,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2145,12 +2140,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371 msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1387 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has " @@ -2169,7 +2164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399 msgid "" "While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the " "analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually " @@ -2185,7 +2180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2202,7 +2197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of " @@ -2210,7 +2205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2223,7 +2218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " @@ -2233,7 +2228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2244,7 +2239,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2261,7 +2256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " @@ -2272,7 +2267,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " "work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 " @@ -2285,19 +2280,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476 msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2310,7 +2305,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " "academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" @@ -2320,7 +2315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " @@ -2335,7 +2330,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " "consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " @@ -2346,12 +2341,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515 msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " "and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " @@ -2369,7 +2364,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " @@ -2384,7 +2379,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2399,7 +2394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561 msgid "" "Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " "Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " @@ -2410,12 +2405,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563 msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2426,7 +2421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2442,7 +2437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2459,12 +2454,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599 msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2473,7 +2468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " @@ -2487,7 +2482,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often " @@ -2502,7 +2497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " "consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" @@ -2514,12 +2509,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636 msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2534,12 +2529,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650 msgid "### Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " "have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " @@ -2556,7 +2551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " @@ -2567,7 +2562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2578,12 +2573,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682 msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are " @@ -2594,7 +2589,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1704 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -2611,7 +2606,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -2624,7 +2619,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1720 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -2635,7 +2630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -2644,19 +2639,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729 msgid "" "#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED" "\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " @@ -2668,12 +2663,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740 msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " @@ -2697,12 +2692,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763 msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " @@ -2713,12 +2708,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773 msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -2727,7 +2722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -2742,12 +2737,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1792 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791 msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " @@ -2762,12 +2757,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804 msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " @@ -2781,12 +2776,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816 msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this " @@ -2799,12 +2794,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828 msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -2815,12 +2810,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1838 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837 msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -2833,12 +2828,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848 msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -2847,7 +2842,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -2861,7 +2856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -2871,7 +2866,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of " @@ -2880,12 +2875,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876 msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -2900,12 +2895,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890 msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " @@ -2918,12 +2913,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902 msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " @@ -2941,7 +2936,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " "particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." @@ -2952,12 +2947,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926 msgid "### Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We " @@ -2974,7 +2969,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -2984,7 +2979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -2992,7 +2987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3000,7 +2995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " @@ -3013,7 +3008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3028,7 +3023,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3037,12 +3032,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982 msgid "#### Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom " @@ -3053,7 +3048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3068,7 +3063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, " @@ -3082,7 +3077,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " @@ -3094,12 +3089,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022 msgid "#### Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3112,7 +3107,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " "Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" @@ -3128,12 +3123,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047 msgid "#### Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this " @@ -3150,7 +3145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069 msgid "" "The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" "fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume " @@ -3163,7 +3158,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3177,12 +3172,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081 msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090 msgid "" "For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " "As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you " @@ -3194,7 +3189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3202,7 +3197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107 msgid "" "When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " "It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " @@ -3217,12 +3212,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109 msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3235,7 +3230,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3248,7 +3243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " @@ -3257,12 +3252,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136 msgid "#### Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2147 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " @@ -3275,7 +3270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3290,7 +3285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to " @@ -3305,19 +3300,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176 msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " @@ -3332,7 +3327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2200 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3348,7 +3343,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -3360,12 +3355,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209 msgid "#### Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " "around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to " @@ -3379,7 +3374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2231 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -3391,7 +3386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " @@ -3411,7 +3406,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2259 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -3425,7 +3420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -3438,12 +3433,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269 msgid "#### Notes" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at " @@ -3451,19 +3446,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -3471,33 +3466,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '7. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '8. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370 #, no-wrap msgid "" "9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n" @@ -3587,12 +3582,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372 msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " @@ -3607,19 +3602,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " @@ -3628,14 +3623,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -3646,14 +3641,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -3661,14 +3656,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -3677,14 +3672,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -3692,14 +3687,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png){width=\"4.198in\" " "height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -3708,7 +3703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2442 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -3716,35 +3711,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png){width=\"4.1665in" "\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450 msgid "" "![](Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png){width=\"4.1665in" "\" height=\"1.4689in\"}" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " "several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" @@ -3757,7 +3752,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " @@ -3772,7 +3767,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " @@ -3787,7 +3782,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2493 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -3796,7 +3791,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -3810,12 +3805,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share " @@ -3823,22 +3818,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510 msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513 -msgid "# Part 2" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2515 msgid "# The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -3850,7 +3840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -3860,24 +3850,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529 msgid "## Arduino" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534 msgid "www.arduino.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, " "shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to " @@ -3885,36 +3875,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223 msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542 msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2546 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3584 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3789 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4029 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5788 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063 msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -3930,7 +3920,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -3941,7 +3931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571 msgid "" "“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. " "Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of " @@ -3952,7 +3942,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580 msgid "" "For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " "He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " @@ -3963,7 +3953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -3974,7 +3964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -3984,7 +3974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2608 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -3999,7 +3989,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4015,7 +4005,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4026,7 +4016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " @@ -4036,7 +4026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4050,7 +4040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4063,7 +4053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2663 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4076,7 +4066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " @@ -4090,7 +4080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4104,7 +4094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " @@ -4116,7 +4106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2699 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4127,7 +4117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " @@ -4143,7 +4133,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4153,7 +4143,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the " @@ -4163,7 +4153,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4171,38 +4161,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3768 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4008 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4245 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5092 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6238 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 msgid "Web links" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731 msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2735 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733 msgid "## Ártica" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4210,41 +4200,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739 msgid "www.articaonline.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743 msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745 msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4507 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6262 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6699 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4253,12 +4243,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " "to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " @@ -4271,7 +4261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4286,7 +4276,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " @@ -4298,7 +4288,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2793 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4309,7 +4299,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2799 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4324,7 +4314,7 @@ msgstr "" "mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister." #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803 msgid "" "Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " "Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " @@ -4334,7 +4324,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4351,7 +4341,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4361,7 +4351,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832 msgid "" "This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" "in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " @@ -4373,7 +4363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to " @@ -4384,7 +4374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846 msgid "" "People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the " "educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to " @@ -4394,7 +4384,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4402,7 +4392,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is " "not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a " @@ -4417,7 +4407,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. " "Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4428,7 +4418,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875 msgid "" "“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is " "easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and " @@ -4438,7 +4428,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4448,41 +4438,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883 msgid "## Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888 msgid "www.blender.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical " "copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893 msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895 msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -4495,7 +4485,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -4507,7 +4497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -4516,7 +4506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -4529,7 +4519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -4543,7 +4533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " "quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software " @@ -4553,7 +4543,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -4565,7 +4555,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2966 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " @@ -4576,7 +4566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -4586,7 +4576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " @@ -4600,7 +4590,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -4611,7 +4601,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -4621,7 +4611,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -4638,7 +4628,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3017 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -4647,7 +4637,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -4658,7 +4648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3029 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " @@ -4667,7 +4657,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -4679,44 +4669,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039 msgid "## Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044 msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048 msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050 msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3059 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " "about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell " @@ -4724,7 +4714,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3067 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " "the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" @@ -4736,7 +4726,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -4746,7 +4736,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -4755,7 +4745,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -4765,7 +4755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3089 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -4773,7 +4763,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -4788,7 +4778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102 msgid "" "The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " "Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " @@ -4796,7 +4786,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107 msgid "" "But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the " "game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is " @@ -4805,7 +4795,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -4821,7 +4811,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123 msgid "" "“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were " "going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. " @@ -4829,7 +4819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3130 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -4838,7 +4828,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3137 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little " "subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One " @@ -4849,7 +4839,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -4864,7 +4854,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -4874,7 +4864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158 msgid "" "Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -4883,7 +4873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -4898,7 +4888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -4910,7 +4900,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -4923,7 +4913,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " @@ -4933,7 +4923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities " "and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other " @@ -4944,7 +4934,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -4954,7 +4944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210 msgid "" "“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max " "said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best " @@ -4963,12 +4953,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212 msgid "## The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " "and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " @@ -4976,24 +4966,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218 msgid "theconversation.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees " "to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225 msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " @@ -5004,7 +4994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5014,7 +5004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " @@ -5035,7 +5025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3272 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5050,7 +5040,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5064,7 +5054,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " "democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " @@ -5076,7 +5066,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3305 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5092,7 +5082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " @@ -5106,7 +5096,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown " @@ -5116,7 +5106,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5127,7 +5117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5139,7 +5129,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5150,7 +5140,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " @@ -5160,7 +5150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5172,7 +5162,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5182,7 +5172,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5190,7 +5180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375 msgid "" "With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation " "represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed " @@ -5200,49 +5190,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 msgid "Web link" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379 msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381 msgid "## Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, " "selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391 msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is " "not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has " @@ -5253,7 +5243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5261,7 +5251,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5273,7 +5263,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5281,7 +5271,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5299,7 +5289,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5314,7 +5304,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5326,7 +5316,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5338,7 +5328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5352,7 +5342,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5362,7 +5352,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5372,7 +5362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes " @@ -5388,7 +5378,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5404,7 +5394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5420,7 +5410,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " "more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" @@ -5432,7 +5422,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5445,7 +5435,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5458,7 +5448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " @@ -5471,7 +5461,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -5481,17 +5471,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567 msgid "## Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -5499,27 +5489,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574 msgid "figshare.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576 msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578 msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " @@ -5532,7 +5522,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -5540,7 +5530,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -5551,7 +5541,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -5560,7 +5550,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3615 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -5568,7 +5558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -5579,7 +5569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626 msgid "" "As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" "science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " @@ -5589,7 +5579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " "had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " @@ -5598,7 +5588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -5608,7 +5598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -5617,7 +5607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -5630,7 +5620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -5642,7 +5632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674 msgid "" "Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " "Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " @@ -5658,7 +5648,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -5670,7 +5660,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -5682,7 +5672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -5696,7 +5686,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -5708,7 +5698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -5719,7 +5709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " "possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " @@ -5732,7 +5722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " @@ -5745,7 +5735,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3747 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " @@ -5758,7 +5748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -5768,7 +5758,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " @@ -5783,60 +5773,60 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 msgid "" "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK" "\\_universities/1186832" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 msgid "" "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?" "year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770 msgid "figshare.com/features" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772 msgid "## Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778 msgid "figure.nz" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781 msgid "" "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783 msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785 msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3806 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " "the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace " @@ -5856,7 +5846,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -5869,7 +5859,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3827 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -5884,7 +5874,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -5902,7 +5892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -5919,7 +5909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -5934,7 +5924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -5954,7 +5944,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -5963,7 +5953,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -5980,7 +5970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -5995,7 +5985,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6005,7 +5995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, " "directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. " @@ -6013,7 +6003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6022,7 +6012,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6036,7 +6026,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6048,7 +6038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6063,7 +6053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We " @@ -6074,7 +6064,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969 msgid "" "“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6082,7 +6072,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973 msgid "" "“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6090,7 +6080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983 msgid "" "“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6103,7 +6093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6112,7 +6102,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997 msgid "" "“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze " "what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " @@ -6123,7 +6113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6133,35 +6123,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 msgid "" "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 msgid "" "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-" "government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 msgid "figure.nz/business/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011 msgid "figure.nz/patrons/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013 msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " "brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " @@ -6169,27 +6159,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019 msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021 msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023 msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025 msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6206,7 +6196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6215,7 +6205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6224,7 +6214,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4067 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " @@ -6242,7 +6232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " @@ -6253,7 +6243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " @@ -6264,7 +6254,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " @@ -6274,7 +6264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6287,7 +6277,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" @@ -6296,14 +6286,14 @@ msgstr "" "Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." @@ -6312,14 +6302,14 @@ msgstr "" "som samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotektsleverandører i dag)." #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6328,7 +6318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6336,7 +6326,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '6. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4118 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " @@ -6344,7 +6334,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6356,7 +6346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC " @@ -6369,7 +6359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6382,7 +6372,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4158 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6398,7 +6388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4163 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6406,7 +6396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6418,7 +6408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6426,7 +6416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6434,7 +6424,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4187 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " "\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. " @@ -6446,7 +6436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -6458,7 +6448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -6470,7 +6460,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many " "of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -6480,7 +6470,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -6494,14 +6484,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232 msgid "" "In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " "In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " @@ -6514,7 +6504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -6527,64 +6517,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 msgid "www.oapen.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 msgid "www.hathitrust.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249 msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251 msgid "## Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256 msgid "lumenlearning.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260 msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262 msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4286 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284 msgid "" "Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" "technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " @@ -6607,7 +6597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -6619,7 +6609,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -6630,7 +6620,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -6640,7 +6630,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4321 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " @@ -6655,33 +6645,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -6691,7 +6681,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -6701,7 +6691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " @@ -6710,7 +6700,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -6721,7 +6711,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -6739,7 +6729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -6752,7 +6742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. " "The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from " @@ -6765,7 +6755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4395 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -6775,7 +6765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " @@ -6788,7 +6778,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -6798,7 +6788,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " @@ -6812,7 +6802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -6824,7 +6814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -6836,7 +6826,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -6847,7 +6837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -6860,7 +6850,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -6871,7 +6861,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -6880,7 +6870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " "working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" @@ -6893,7 +6883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -6905,34 +6895,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488 msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490 msgid "## Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song " "A Day” guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495 msgid "jonathanmann.net and" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4497 msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements " @@ -6940,12 +6930,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503 msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4515 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly " "every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from " @@ -6958,7 +6948,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4524 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -6971,7 +6961,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4529 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He " "is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He " @@ -6980,7 +6970,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4537 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -6992,7 +6982,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4551 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " @@ -7009,7 +6999,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4558 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7020,7 +7010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4565 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple " "to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, " @@ -7031,7 +7021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4572 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " @@ -7041,7 +7031,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7053,7 +7043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4586 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " @@ -7063,7 +7053,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4594 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really " @@ -7075,7 +7065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604 msgid "" "Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " "Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " @@ -7088,7 +7078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4618 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7104,7 +7094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4624 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7113,7 +7103,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " @@ -7127,7 +7117,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641 msgid "" "Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " "Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " @@ -7138,7 +7128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4649 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4647 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7148,7 +7138,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He " "is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his " @@ -7158,7 +7148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658 msgid "" "“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative " "person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much " @@ -7166,12 +7156,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4660 msgid "## Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7179,27 +7169,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666 msgid "thenounproject.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670 msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672 msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4678 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7207,7 +7197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7218,7 +7208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7228,7 +7218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4698 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7238,7 +7228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4706 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " @@ -7250,7 +7240,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4712 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " @@ -7260,7 +7250,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4720 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " "the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" @@ -7271,7 +7261,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4725 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7280,7 +7270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7295,7 +7285,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4746 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7307,7 +7297,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4752 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7317,7 +7307,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4764 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added " @@ -7333,7 +7323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4775 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7348,7 +7338,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4779 msgid "" "The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" "off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " @@ -7356,7 +7346,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4788 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7369,7 +7359,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4793 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because " @@ -7377,7 +7367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4799 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7386,7 +7376,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4813 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use " "Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7401,7 +7391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7411,7 +7401,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4822 msgid "" "For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” " "is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It " @@ -7419,7 +7409,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7430,7 +7420,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " @@ -7439,7 +7429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4842 msgid "" "Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community " "around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you " @@ -7451,7 +7441,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -7460,7 +7450,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4855 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project " @@ -7472,7 +7462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -7484,29 +7474,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 msgid "" "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-" "visual-sy/description" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869 msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4871 msgid "## Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -7514,29 +7504,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877 msgid "theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, " "donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882 msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4886 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884 msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894 msgid "" "Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" "based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " @@ -7548,7 +7538,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 msgid "" "Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " "Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " @@ -7562,7 +7552,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -7572,29 +7562,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4919 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4917 msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4925 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " @@ -7605,7 +7595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4931 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -7615,7 +7605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4937 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -7625,7 +7615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4946 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -7635,14 +7625,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4947 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " "membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " @@ -7657,7 +7647,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4970 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -7672,7 +7662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4978 msgid "" "ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " "Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " @@ -7683,7 +7673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4985 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -7693,7 +7683,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -7704,13 +7694,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995 msgid "" "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -7718,7 +7708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -7728,7 +7718,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -7737,7 +7727,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5018 msgid "" "During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " "But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " @@ -7748,7 +7738,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " @@ -7761,7 +7751,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5034 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5032 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -7769,7 +7759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5040 msgid "" "A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " "Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " @@ -7780,7 +7770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " @@ -7790,7 +7780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -7799,7 +7789,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5056 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -7808,7 +7798,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " @@ -7827,7 +7817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -7835,7 +7825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -7844,68 +7834,68 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 msgid "" "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-" "business-plan-may-release.pdf" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 msgid "directory.theodi.org/members" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 msgid "" "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 msgid "certificates.theodi.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097 msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5099 msgid "## OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -7913,28 +7903,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105 msgid "www.opendesk.cc" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109 msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111 msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -7943,7 +7933,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5135 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " @@ -7961,7 +7951,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5141 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5139 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -7970,7 +7960,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5149 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " @@ -7983,7 +7973,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -7993,7 +7983,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8001,7 +7991,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5165 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8011,7 +8001,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5170 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " @@ -8020,7 +8010,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5175 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8029,7 +8019,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " @@ -8041,7 +8031,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5192 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8053,7 +8043,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8061,14 +8051,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5199 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8076,14 +8066,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8091,7 +8081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " "moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" @@ -8100,14 +8090,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8116,17 +8106,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221 msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5232 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8139,34 +8129,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5240 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5245 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick " "and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8174,7 +8164,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8184,7 +8174,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5260 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8195,7 +8185,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5266 msgid "" "On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: " "“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and " @@ -8205,7 +8195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5272 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8215,7 +8205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5280 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought " @@ -8227,7 +8217,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8237,29 +8227,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5294 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8267,28 +8257,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8300,7 +8290,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5322 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8310,7 +8300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " @@ -8318,32 +8308,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334 msgid "openmaking.is" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5336 msgid "## OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " "high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " @@ -8351,29 +8341,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342 msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for " "physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349 msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5364 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5362 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " @@ -8387,7 +8377,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5371 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8400,7 +8390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5381 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8414,7 +8404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5390 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " @@ -8426,7 +8416,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5398 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -8437,7 +8427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5405 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -8447,7 +8437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5410 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -8456,7 +8446,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5415 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " @@ -8465,7 +8455,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5420 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -8474,7 +8464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5431 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5429 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " "expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " @@ -8487,7 +8477,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -8499,7 +8489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5448 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5446 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " @@ -8511,7 +8501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456 msgid "" "In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " "OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " @@ -8524,7 +8514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5462 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -8534,7 +8524,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5473 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5471 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -8546,7 +8536,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5484 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5482 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " @@ -8561,7 +8551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5491 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? " "Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded " @@ -8572,7 +8562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -8586,7 +8576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5515 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -8605,7 +8595,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5524 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " "volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" @@ -8617,7 +8607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5532 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” " "It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in " @@ -8628,7 +8618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -8640,34 +8630,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544 msgid "" "As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " "From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553 msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '- ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5553 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -8676,7 +8666,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5558 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -8685,7 +8675,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5564 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -8695,7 +8685,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -8708,33 +8698,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579 msgid "" "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579 msgid "openstax.org/adopters" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581 msgid "## Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585 msgid "amandapalmer.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589 msgid "" "Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, " "charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person " @@ -8742,12 +8732,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5593 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591 msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to " @@ -8755,7 +8745,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " "she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in " @@ -8764,7 +8754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5610 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " @@ -8775,7 +8765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5624 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5622 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -8790,7 +8780,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5631 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” " @@ -8802,7 +8792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5641 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -8815,7 +8805,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5651 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -8828,7 +8818,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5668 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5666 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -8847,7 +8837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5673 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -8857,7 +8847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5683 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5681 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -8868,7 +8858,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -8881,7 +8871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5700 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -8893,7 +8883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5707 msgid "" "“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable " "and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and " @@ -8904,7 +8894,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5715 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -8916,7 +8906,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5723 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -8928,7 +8918,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730 msgid "" "“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, " "they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling " @@ -8938,7 +8928,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person " @@ -8950,7 +8940,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5751 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -8965,7 +8955,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5757 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty " @@ -8976,7 +8966,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " @@ -8988,7 +8978,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769 msgid "" "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-" "uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/" @@ -8996,12 +8986,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771 msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " "academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." @@ -9009,29 +8999,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777 msgid "plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780 msgid "" "Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be " "featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782 msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784 msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5798 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9047,7 +9037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5808 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9061,7 +9051,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9075,7 +9065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9089,7 +9079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5839 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9103,7 +9093,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5847 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " @@ -9115,7 +9105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5852 msgid "" "PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " "Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " @@ -9123,7 +9113,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9141,7 +9131,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5874 msgid "" "For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " "This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " @@ -9152,7 +9142,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5880 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5878 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9160,7 +9150,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5886 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9171,7 +9161,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5891 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9180,7 +9170,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5901 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9191,7 +9181,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9201,7 +9191,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5927 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9225,7 +9215,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5931 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9233,7 +9223,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5936 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9242,7 +9232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5946 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9256,7 +9246,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9265,7 +9255,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9284,7 +9274,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5976 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5974 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9296,7 +9286,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9311,7 +9301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5995 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9323,7 +9313,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6003 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9335,7 +9325,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9343,53 +9333,53 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012 msgid "collections.plos.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012 msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014 msgid "## Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " "Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6019 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023 msgid "" "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version " "(museum admission), selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025 msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028 msgid "" "Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information " "department" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9406,7 +9396,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6058 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6056 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9422,7 +9412,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6064 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -9433,7 +9423,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6076 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " "library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to " @@ -9449,7 +9439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6089 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6087 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -9463,7 +9453,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6099 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -9478,7 +9468,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6109 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " "licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " @@ -9491,7 +9481,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6122 msgid "" "Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" "quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " @@ -9507,7 +9497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6129 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -9518,7 +9508,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6141 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -9533,7 +9523,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6148 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -9544,7 +9534,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6157 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -9557,7 +9547,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -9566,7 +9556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6172 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " "contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " @@ -9579,7 +9569,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6182 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " @@ -9592,7 +9582,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6195 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make " @@ -9609,7 +9599,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6199 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -9617,7 +9607,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6206 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -9628,7 +9618,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -9643,7 +9633,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6236 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up " "with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people " @@ -9663,22 +9653,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/" "en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" @@ -9686,47 +9676,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '5. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244 msgid "" "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/" "creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246 msgid "## Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249 msgid "" "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251 msgid "www.shareable.net" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254 msgid "" "Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, " "sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256 msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -9739,7 +9729,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6279 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -9752,7 +9742,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6286 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " @@ -9763,7 +9753,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6295 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " @@ -9776,7 +9766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6305 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -9789,7 +9779,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6314 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the " @@ -9802,7 +9792,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6326 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a " @@ -9818,7 +9808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6338 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " @@ -9833,7 +9823,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6346 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -9845,7 +9835,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6351 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -9854,7 +9844,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6359 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -9866,7 +9856,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This " "is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We " @@ -9880,7 +9870,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6380 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6378 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " @@ -9892,7 +9882,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6384 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -9902,7 +9892,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6398 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " @@ -9920,7 +9910,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " "encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-" @@ -9929,12 +9919,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6405 msgid "## Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -9942,27 +9932,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411 msgid "www.siyavula.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413 msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415 msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6419 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417 msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -9972,7 +9962,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6430 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -9981,7 +9971,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -9991,7 +9981,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6445 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10002,7 +9992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10012,7 +10002,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10021,7 +10011,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6465 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10032,7 +10022,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6472 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10042,7 +10032,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. " @@ -10058,7 +10048,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6493 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10069,7 +10059,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6499 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10078,7 +10068,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6506 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried " "creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10089,7 +10079,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6515 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6513 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10099,7 +10089,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6521 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10110,7 +10100,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6532 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10124,7 +10114,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6539 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6537 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10133,7 +10123,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6545 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10144,7 +10134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6553 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10155,7 +10145,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10166,7 +10156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6565 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10175,7 +10165,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6572 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10186,7 +10176,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6584 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6582 msgid "" "Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " "They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " @@ -10199,7 +10189,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10210,7 +10200,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6596 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10220,7 +10210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6602 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10230,7 +10220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6610 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10242,7 +10232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6617 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10253,7 +10243,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " @@ -10266,7 +10256,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6636 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6634 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10278,7 +10268,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10288,7 +10278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6650 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10301,7 +10291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " "Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" @@ -10310,7 +10300,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6662 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. " "These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over " @@ -10320,7 +10310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6677 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " @@ -10336,59 +10326,59 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '3. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 msgid "cnx.org" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '4. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682 msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684 msgid "## Sparkfun" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687 msgid "" "SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " "Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689 msgid "www.sparkfun.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691 msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693 msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695 msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6703 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10398,7 +10388,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708 msgid "" "“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. " "“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never " @@ -10407,7 +10397,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -10418,7 +10408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our " "natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it " @@ -10429,7 +10419,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6728 msgid "" "“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory " "with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. " @@ -10437,7 +10427,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6736 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years " @@ -10449,7 +10439,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6744 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " @@ -10461,7 +10451,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6753 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " @@ -10474,7 +10464,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -10485,7 +10475,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -10496,7 +10486,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6774 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " "curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " @@ -10506,7 +10496,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6778 msgid "" "“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three " @@ -10514,7 +10504,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6789 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6787 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -10527,7 +10517,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6796 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -10539,7 +10529,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6807 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -10554,7 +10544,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6815 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -10566,7 +10556,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6821 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -10576,7 +10566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -10589,7 +10579,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6841 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -10601,7 +10591,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6847 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -10612,7 +10602,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -10627,39 +10617,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6861 msgid "## TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " "teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867 msgid "teachaids.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869 msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871 msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6875 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873 msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6880 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " "model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " @@ -10668,7 +10658,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6891 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -10683,7 +10673,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6909 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " @@ -10704,7 +10694,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6919 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -10718,7 +10708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6925 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6923 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -10726,7 +10716,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6936 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -10742,7 +10732,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6943 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " @@ -10753,7 +10743,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6950 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -10764,7 +10754,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6963 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -10780,7 +10770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6977 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -10797,7 +10787,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6994 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -10817,7 +10807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7005 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " @@ -10832,7 +10822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7014 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -10845,7 +10835,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7022 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " @@ -10857,7 +10847,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7033 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. " @@ -10872,7 +10862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7040 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -10883,7 +10873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047 msgid "" "The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" "—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " @@ -10894,12 +10884,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7049 msgid "## Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -10907,22 +10897,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059 msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061 msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7071 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " @@ -10933,7 +10923,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7079 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " @@ -10945,7 +10935,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7089 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7087 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -10957,7 +10947,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7093 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -10967,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7100 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -10977,7 +10967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " @@ -10989,7 +10979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11010,7 +11000,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7137 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11025,7 +11015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7144 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " @@ -11035,7 +11025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7153 msgid "" "A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, " "are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11048,7 +11038,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7162 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " @@ -11060,7 +11050,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7173 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11073,7 +11063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7178 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " @@ -11083,7 +11073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7183 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11092,7 +11082,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7190 msgid "" "Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " "With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " @@ -11102,7 +11092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7199 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11115,7 +11105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7207 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " @@ -11126,7 +11116,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " @@ -11140,7 +11130,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7233 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11158,7 +11148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " @@ -11171,56 +11161,56 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '2. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247 msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249 msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254 msgid "wikimediafoundation.org" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256 msgid "Revenue model: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258 msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261 msgid "" "Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and " "Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7267 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7265 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " "created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " @@ -11230,7 +11220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7275 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " "295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" @@ -11238,7 +11228,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " @@ -11254,7 +11244,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7294 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7292 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it " @@ -11263,7 +11253,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11274,7 +11264,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7309 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11288,7 +11278,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7329 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11311,7 +11301,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7342 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11327,7 +11317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11341,7 +11331,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7369 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11360,7 +11350,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11372,7 +11362,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7388 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7386 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " @@ -11384,7 +11374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -11396,7 +11386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7399 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -11405,7 +11395,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7404 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -11414,7 +11404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it " @@ -11423,17 +11413,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Bullet: '1. ' -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414 msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7416 msgid "## Bibliography" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7421 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -11441,33 +11431,33 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7433 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " "Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler." @@ -11475,7 +11465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7443 msgid "" "Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " "Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-" @@ -11483,7 +11473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " @@ -11492,14 +11482,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7453 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451 msgid "" "———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " "Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " "Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" @@ -11510,54 +11500,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7470 msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7480 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " @@ -11568,7 +11558,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural " "Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11576,21 +11566,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7500 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing " "at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-" @@ -11598,7 +11588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " @@ -11607,21 +11597,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508 msgid "" "Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " "New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7511 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-" "Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit " "Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/" @@ -11629,21 +11619,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " "New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7522 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " "Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526 msgid "" "Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " "“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -11651,124 +11641,124 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: " "Viking, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556 msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562 msgid "" "———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " "New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568 msgid "" "Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” " "BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7577 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7581 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " @@ -11776,7 +11766,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer." @@ -11784,7 +11774,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " @@ -11792,14 +11782,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " @@ -11809,7 +11799,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " "Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The" @@ -11817,7 +11807,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " @@ -11826,7 +11816,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " @@ -11834,7 +11824,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " @@ -11842,74 +11832,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7620 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618 msgid "" "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633 msgid "" "Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " "New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7644 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " @@ -11917,21 +11907,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7653 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7656 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " @@ -11941,7 +11931,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " "3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/" @@ -11949,26 +11939,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web." "mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670 msgid "" "Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " "Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7674 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672 msgid "## Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -11978,7 +11968,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7682 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " @@ -11986,7 +11976,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -11996,7 +11986,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7693 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " "backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" @@ -12005,7 +11995,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7742 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7740 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12054,7 +12044,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8095 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8093 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "