X-Git-Url: https://pere.pagekite.me/gitweb/text-madewithcc.git/blobdiff_plain/10b95e3c72bcd2e9ad50b0b42c008b50897a30ad..71ea7715bccbad08c5d6e136e873db85a8aab0d6:/po/fr/mwcc.po diff --git a/po/fr/mwcc.po b/po/fr/mwcc.po index 1d7f1d5..8973dcb 100644 --- a/po/fr/mwcc.po +++ b/po/fr/mwcc.po @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n" -"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-06-12 13:18-0500\n" -"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-09-13 20:23+0000\n" -"Last-Translator: Alexis Raison \n" +"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-26 21:48+0100\n" +"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-12-14 17:29+0000\n" +"Last-Translator: Julien Lepiller \n" "Language-Team: French \n" "Language: fr\n" @@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ msgstr "" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n" -"X-Generator: Weblate 3.9-dev\n" +"X-Generator: Weblate 4.4-dev\n" #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3 msgid "en" msgstr "fr" -#. type: Content of: -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 +#. type: Content of: +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5 msgid "Made with Creative Commons" -msgstr "Fait avec Creative Commons" +msgstr "Créé avec Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8 @@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ msgstr "<publishername>Institut des investigations économiques</publishername>" msgid "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" msgstr "Université autonome de Mexico" -#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 +#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:28 msgid "" "This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can " "copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any " @@ -80,180 +80,180 @@ msgstr "" "citez les auteurs, que vous fournissez le lien de la licence, et que vous " "indiquez si des changements ont été faits. Si vous ré-écrivez, transformez, " "ou vous appuyez sur le contenu, vous devez publier vos contributions sous la " -"même licence que l'original. Détails de la licence:\n" -"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>" +"même licence que l'original. Détails de la licence :<ulink url=\"http" +"://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42 -msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -msgstr "Par Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41 +msgid "Made with Creative Commons by Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgstr "Créé avec Creative Commons de Paul Stacey et Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42 msgid "© 2017 by the Creative Commons Foundation." -msgstr "©2017 par la fondation Creative Commons." +msgstr "© 2017 par la fondation Creative Commons." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43 msgid "" -"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC " -"BY-SA), version 4.0." +"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-" +"SA), version 4.0." msgstr "" "Publié avec une attribution Creative Commons-Licence ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), " "version 4.0." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:46 -msgid "" -"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED " -"(Paperback)" -msgstr "" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:45 +msgid "" +"The license means that you can copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and " +"build upon the content for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you " +"give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if " +"changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you " +"must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. " +"License details: <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" +"\"/>" +msgstr "" +"Cette licence signifie que vous pouvez copier, transformer, redistribuer, " +"réécrire, transformer, vous appuyer sur le contenu pour toute raison, même " +"commerciale, tant que vous citez les auteurs, que vous fournissez le lien de " +"la licence, et que vous indiquez si des changements ont été faits. Si vous " +"ré-écrivez, transformez, ou vous appuyez sur le contenu, vous devez publier " +"vos contributions sous la même licence que l'original. Détails de la licence " +":<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48 -msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52 +msgid "" +"Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." msgstr "" -"Illustrations par Bryan Mathers,\n" -"<ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." +"Illustrations par Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmmathers.com/\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:50 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54 msgid "Publisher: Gunnar Wolf." msgstr "Éditeur : Gunnar Wolf." #. space for information about translators #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:56 msgid " " -msgstr "" +msgstr " " #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54 -msgid "Downloadable e-book available at <ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:58 +msgid "" +"Made With Creative Commons was originally published with the kind support of " +"Creative Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter." +"com platform." msgstr "" -"E-book téléchargeable sur\n" -"<ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>." +"Créé avec Creative Commons a d'abord été publié avec l'aimable soutien de " +"Creative Commons et des parraineurs de notre campagne de financement " +"participatif sur la plateforme Kickstarter.com." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:63 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:61 msgid "" -"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative " -"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com " -"platform." +"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations are maintained on <ulink " +"url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any " +"error in the book, please let us know." msgstr "" -"Fait avec Creative Commons est publié avec le support de Creative Commons et " -"de nos partenaires de notre campagne de financement sur la plateforme " -"Kickstarter.com." +"La publication du livre est tenue à jour sur <ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/" +"gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/> et les traductions sont tenues à jours sur " +"<ulink url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/> Si vous " +"trouvez des erreurs dans le livre, faites-le nous savoir." #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> #: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:66 msgid "" -"This edition of the book is maintained on <ulink " -"url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/>, and the translations " -"are maintained on <ulink " -"url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>. If you find any " -"error in the book, please let us know via Gitlab or Weblate." -msgstr "" -"La publication du livre est tenue à jour sur\n" -"<ulink url=\"https://gitlab.com/gunnarwolf/madewithcc-es/\"/> \n" -"et les traductions sont tenues à jours sur \n" -"<ulink url=\"https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/\"/>\n" -"So vous trouvez des erreurs dans le livre, dites le nous via Gitlab ou " -"Weblate." +"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED " +"(Paperback)" +msgstr "ISBN : A-DEFINIR (PDF), A-DEFINIR (ePub), A-DEFINIR (Paperback)" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:72 -msgid "Classifications:" -msgstr "Classifications:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:69 +msgid "<ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>" +msgstr "<ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:75 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:72 msgid "(Dewey) 346.048, 347.78" msgstr "(Dewey) 346.048, 347.78" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:78 -msgid "(UDK) ?" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:81 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:75 msgid "(US Library of Congress) Z286 O63 S73 2017" -msgstr "(librairie du congrès américain) Z286 O63 S73 2017" +msgstr "(Bibliothèque du Congrès américain) Z286 O63 S73 2017" #. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:78 msgid "(Melvil) 025.523" msgstr "(Melvil) 025.523" -#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:87 -msgid "(ACM CRCS) ?" -msgstr "(ACM CRCS) ?" +#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84 +msgid "David Foster Wallace" +msgstr "David Foster Wallace" #. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:93 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:85 msgid "" "I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I " "think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like " "this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably " "average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all " -"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily " -"lives." +"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily lives." msgstr "" - -#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:99 -msgid "David Foster Wallace" -msgstr "David Foster Wallace" +"Je n'y connais pas grand chose en journalisme… La manière dont je pense à " +"ces choses, et ce que je peux en faire… des essais comme celui-ci sont " +"l'occasion de voir quelqu'un de raisonnablement intelligent mais aussi " +"raisonnablement moyen concentrer bien plus son attention et réfléchir de " +"manière bien plus avancée à toutes sortes de choses différentes que la " +"plupart d'entre nous n'en avons l'occasion dans nos vies quotidiennes." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:103 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:94 msgid "Foreword" -msgstr "Préface" +msgstr "Avant-propos" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:105 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:96 msgid "" "Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met " "with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of " "CC’s most well-known proponents—one who has also had a successful career as " "a writer who shares his work using CC—I told him I thought CC had a role in " "defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called " -"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red " -"herring.</quote>" -msgstr "" -"Il y a trois ans, juste après que je sois employé en tant que PDG de " -"Creative Commons, j'ai rencontré Cory Doctorow dans le bar de l'hôtel " -"Gladstone à Toronto. En tant que l'un des promoteur de CC les plus connus- " -"qui a réussi une carrière d'écrivain partageant sont travail en utilisant CC-" -" je lui ai dis que je pensais que CC avait un rôle dans la définition et " -"dans la progression des modèles \"open business\". Il a gentiment nié, " -"préférant la poursuite des modèles de business viable via CC<quote>une " -"fausse piste.</quote>" +"the pursuit of viable business models through CC <quote>a red herring.</" +"quote>" +msgstr "" +"Il y a trois ans, juste après avoir été employé en tant que PDG de Creative " +"Commons, j'ai rencontré Cory Doctorow dans le bar de l'hôtel Gladstone, à " +"Toronto. En tant qu'un des promoteurs de CC les plus connus – qui a réussi " +"une carrière d'écrivain partageant sont travail en utilisant CC – je lui ai " +"dit que je pensais que CC avait un rôle dans la définition et dans la " +"progression des modèles commerciaux ouverts. Il a gentiment dit son " +"désaccord et a appelé la poursuite des modèles d'affaires viables via " +"CC<quote>un leurre</quote>." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:114 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:105 msgid "" "He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative " "Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: " "<quote>Regardless of legal status, they all have a social mission. Their " -"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to " -"profit. Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" +"primary reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. " +"Money is a means to a social end, not the end itself.</quote>" msgstr "" "Il avait, dans un sens, complètement raison-ceux qui font des choses avec " "Creative Commons ont d'autres motivations, comme Paul Stacey l'explique dans " -"son livre: <quote>En dehors du statut légal, il ont tous une mission " +"son livre : <quote>En dehors du statut légal, il ont tous une mission " "sociale. Leur première raison d'être est de rendre le monde un meilleur " "endroit, pas de s'enrichir. L'argent est un moyen d'atteindre un " -"aboutissement social, mais pas l'aboutissement lui-même." +"aboutissement social, mais pas l'aboutissement lui-même.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:113 msgid "" "In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s " "words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: <quote>Entering the " @@ -262,15 +262,15 @@ msgid "" "course, someone always wins the lottery.</quote>" msgstr "" "Dans l'étude de cas sur Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cite les mots " -"de Cory provenant de son livre \"Information doesn't want to be free\":\n" -"<quote>Entrer dans les arts parce que l'on veut s'enrichir est comme acheter " -"des tickets de lotterie pour s'enrichir. Ça peut marcher, mais c'est presque " -"certain que ça ne marchera pas. Même si, évidemment, il y a toujours " -"quelqu'un qui remporte le gros lot.</quote>" +"de Cory provenant de son livre Information doesn't want to be free " +"(« L'information ne veut pas être libre ») : <quote>Entrer dans les arts " +"parce qu’on veut s'enrichir est comme acheter des tickets de loterie pour " +"s’enrichir. Ça peut marcher, mais c’est presque certain que ça ne marchera " +"pas. Même si, évidemment, il y a toujours quelq’uun qui remporte le gros lot." +"</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:130 -#, fuzzy +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:121 msgid "" "Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost " "nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your " @@ -279,16 +279,16 @@ msgid "" "pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from " "pursuing their passions and living their values." msgstr "" -"Aujourd'hui, le copyright c'est comme un ticket de lotterie: tout le monde " -"en a un, mais presque personne ne gagne. Ce qu'ils ne vous disent pas c'est " -"que si vous choisissez de partager votre travail, les retours peuvent être " +"Aujourd'hui, le copyright c'est comme un ticket de loterie : tout le monde " +"en a un, mais presque personne ne gagne. Ce qu'on ne vous dit pas, c'est que " +"si vous choisissez de partager votre travail, les retours peuvent être " "significatifs et durer dans le temps. Ce livre est rempli d'histoires de " "ceux qui ont pris de bien plus grands risques que les deux dollars que l'on " -"paye pour un ticket de lotterie, et qui ont récoltés les fruits de la " +"paye pour un ticket de loterie, et qui ont récoltés les fruits de la " "poursuite de leurs passions et du fait de vivre avec leurs valeurs." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:130 msgid "" "So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to " "create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards " @@ -296,9 +296,15 @@ msgid "" "jokes and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " "games.</quote>" msgstr "" +"Donc ce n’est pas une question d’argent. Mais ça l’est aussi. Trouver les " +"moyens de continuer à créer et à partager demande souvent un certain niveau " +"de revenus. Max Temkin de Cards Against Humanity le dit le mieux dans leur " +"étude de cas : <quote>Nous ne faisons pas de blagues et de jeux pour gagner " +"de l’argent – nous gagnons de l’argent pour pouvoir faire des blagues et des " +"jeux.</quote>" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:137 msgid "" "Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by " "collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the " @@ -309,7 +315,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:146 msgid "" "Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation " "overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of " @@ -321,7 +327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155 msgid "" "Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of " "people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past " @@ -329,13 +335,12 @@ msgid "" "so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, " "she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her " "sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our " -"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, " -"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating " -"more." +"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-" +"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:167 msgid "" "As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They " "researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and " @@ -348,17 +353,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:187 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:178 msgid "" "From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles " "and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, " -"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC " -"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " +"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-" +"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in " "itself, an example of an open business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:186 msgid "" "For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a " "Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The " @@ -369,7 +374,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:195 msgid "" "Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, " "drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged " @@ -381,7 +386,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:205 msgid "" "Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are " "part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a " @@ -389,7 +394,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:211 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I " "reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer " @@ -400,7 +405,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:220 msgid "" "Sarah writes, <quote>Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive " "when community is built around what they do. This may mean a community " @@ -416,7 +421,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:234 msgid "" "This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a " "roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social " @@ -428,11 +433,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:244 msgid "" -"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of " -"Cyberspace</quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a " -"place. People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " +"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article <quote>The Zones of Cyberspace</" +"quote>, CC founder Lawrence Lessig wrote, <quote>Cyberspace is a place. " +"People live there. They experience all the sorts of things that they " "experience in real space, there. For some, they experience more. They " "experience this not as isolated individuals, playing some high tech computer " "game; they experience it in groups, in communities, among strangers, among " @@ -440,7 +445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:254 msgid "" "I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for " "the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to " @@ -450,34 +455,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:262 msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:275 -msgid "<attribution>Ryan Merkley</attribution>" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265 +msgid "Ryan Merkley," msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:278 -msgid "<attribution>CEO, Creative Commons</attribution>" -msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265 +msgid "CEO, Creative Commons" +msgstr "DG, Creative Commons" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:270 msgid "Introduction" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Introduction" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:272 msgid "" "This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a " "twist." msgstr "" +"Ce livre montre au monde comment le partage peut être bon pour les affaires –" +" mais avec un détour." #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:289 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:276 msgid "" "We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and " "businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work " @@ -491,25 +498,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:288 msgid "" "Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this " "project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, " -"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral " -"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and " -"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the " -"literature." +"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—" +"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote " +"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:296 msgid "" "But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way " "of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:314 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:301 msgid "" "Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and " "seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing " @@ -519,17 +525,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:309 msgid "" "They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business " -"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something " -"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and " -"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with " -"Creative Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" +"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. " +"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural " +"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative " +"Commons is not <quote>business as usual.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:317 msgid "" "We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen " "overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in " @@ -540,7 +546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:339 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:326 msgid "" "Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of " "understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other " @@ -552,26 +558,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:336 msgid "" "While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section " -"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main " -"parts." +"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:341 msgid "" -"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by " -"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, " -"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared " -"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking " -"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing " -"and enlarging the digital commons." +"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. " +"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the " +"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the " +"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market " +"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:349 msgid "" "The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means " "to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one " @@ -579,12 +584,11 @@ msgid "" "of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section " "outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed " "bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their " -"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they " -"share." +"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:372 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:359 msgid "" "And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different " "Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more " @@ -593,7 +597,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:366 msgid "" "Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, " "businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated " @@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:372 msgid "" "Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative " "Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, " @@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><preface><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:390 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:377 msgid "" "Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at " "and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has " @@ -618,45 +622,46 @@ msgid "" "economy and world for the better." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:398 -msgid "<attribution>Paul and Sarah </attribution>" +#. type: Content of: <book><preface><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:384 +msgid "Paul and Sarah" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:389 msgid "The Big Picture" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391 msgid "The New World of Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:407 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:393 msgid "Paul Stacey" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Paul Stacey" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:417 -msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:404 +msgid "" +"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:410 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:397 msgid "" "Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as <quote>the air and oceans, " "the web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the " "commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the " "stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the " "commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are " -"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and " -"calligraphy.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:409 msgid "" "In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital " "commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad " @@ -669,24 +674,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:424 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432 msgid "Ibid., 15." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:420 msgid "" "The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the " "social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to " -"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " +"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we " "profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons " "involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a " "collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -696,51 +701,52 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:439 msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:445 msgid "Ibid., 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:454 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:441 msgid "" "Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share " "wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the " -"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms " -"today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms today." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:454 msgid "Ibid., 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:449 msgid "" "The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way " "they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or " "state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate " -"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or " -"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part " -"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All " -"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the " -"market or state." +"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part of the " +"market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All operate " +"as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the market or " +"state." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:474 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:461 msgid "" -"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of " -"engagement with commons, state, and market." +"Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-1\"/> is a depiction of " +"how an enterprise can have varying levels of engagement with commons, state, " +"and market." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:478 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:465 msgid "" "Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with " "little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies " @@ -753,7 +759,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:476 msgid "" "All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and " "sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate " @@ -764,7 +770,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:485 msgid "" "The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of " "the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and " @@ -773,22 +779,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:512 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:499 msgid "Enterprise engagement with commons, state and market." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:496 msgid "Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:803 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:845 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:933 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:918 msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:505 msgid "" "It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage " "resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves " @@ -800,12 +812,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:516 msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:521 msgid "" "Daniel H. Cole, <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Governing Knowledge " @@ -814,53 +826,55 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:518 msgid "" "As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework " "for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the " "biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and " -"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and " -"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the " -"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter." +"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and outcomes. " +"That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the commons, " +"the market, and the state for this chapter." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534 msgid "" "To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state " "work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource " "characteristics, the people involved and the process they use, the norms and " "rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with " -"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)." +"outcomes of that use (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-2\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:555 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:548 msgid "Four aspects of resource management" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:558 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:545 msgid "Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:554 msgid "Characteristics" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:569 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:556 msgid "" "Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way " -"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human " -"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or " -"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential." +"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—" +"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, " +"which affects a resource’s inherent potential." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:563 msgid "" "Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource " "and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and " @@ -872,7 +886,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:574 msgid "" "Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital " "resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and " @@ -884,18 +898,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:584 msgid "" "The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital " "resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be " "different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not " -"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially " -"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and " -"abundant." +"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. " +"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:592 msgid "" "Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as " "digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The " @@ -907,24 +920,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:603 msgid "" "Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state " -"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources " -"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The " -"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state " -"citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common " -"wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or " -"enhanced form to future generations." +"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-3\"/>). The market sees resources as private goods—commodities " +"for sale—from which value is extracted. The state sees resources as public " +"goods that provide value to state citizens. The commons sees resources as " +"common goods, providing a common wealth extending beyond state boundaries, " +"to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to future generations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:613 msgid "People and processes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:615 msgid "" "In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes " "are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say " @@ -932,7 +945,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:620 msgid "" "In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing " "resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those " @@ -943,7 +956,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:643 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:629 msgid "" "In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and " "consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce " @@ -954,14 +967,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:640 msgid "" "Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:638 msgid "" "In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more " "directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -978,22 +991,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:665 msgid "How the market, commons and state concieve of resources." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:662 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:672 msgid "Norms and rules" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674 msgid "" "The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, " "market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules " @@ -1001,7 +1015,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:694 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:680 msgid "" "State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to " "priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and " @@ -1011,7 +1025,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:688 msgid "" "Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce " "resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws " @@ -1019,28 +1033,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:700 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693 msgid "" "As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, " "regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely " "defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against " "the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not " -"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and " -"sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:705 msgid "Goals" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:707 msgid "" "The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s " "inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape " @@ -1049,16 +1063,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:719 msgid "" "Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, <quote>The Economics of Information in a " "Post-Carbon Economy,</quote> in Free Knowledge: Confronting the " -"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl " -"H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." +"Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. " +"Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:714 msgid "" "In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we " "pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility " @@ -1069,7 +1083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:729 msgid "" "The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the " "economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, " @@ -1080,7 +1094,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:738 msgid "" "In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, " "participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by " @@ -1091,7 +1105,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:747 msgid "" "As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success " "and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their " @@ -1100,12 +1114,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:755 msgid "A Short History of the Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:757 msgid "" "Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical " "continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state " @@ -1116,17 +1130,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:766 msgid "" "But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons " -"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the " -"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of " -"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " +"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. " +"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the " +"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its " "history." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:791 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:777 msgid "" "Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for " "the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, " @@ -1134,7 +1148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:773 msgid "" "For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed " "resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and " @@ -1142,27 +1156,28 @@ msgid "" "id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of " "rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social " "participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were " -"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the " -"state and the market.)" +"managed and needs met. (Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=" +"\"fig-4\"/> illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:793 msgid "In preindustrialized society." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:805 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:790 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:802 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:806 msgid "" "Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; " @@ -1170,64 +1185,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:799 msgid "" "This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking " "over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the " "commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, " "<quote>commoners</quote> were evicted from the land, fences and hedges " -"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " +"erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Gradually, resources became the property of the " "state and the state became the primary means by which resources were " -"managed. (See Fig. 5)." +"managed. (See Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" linkend=\"fig-5\"/>)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 msgid "" "Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and " -"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to " -"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources " -"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies " -"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money " -"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws " -"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and " -"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a " -"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how " -"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed." +"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. " +"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became " +"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved " +"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating " +"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were " +"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over " +"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of " +"living, improved health, and education. Fig. <xref xrefstyle=\"template:%n\" " +"linkend=\"fig-6\"/> shows how today the market is the primary means by which " +"resources are managed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:844 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:850 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:835 msgid "The commons is gradually superseded by the state." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:832 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:856 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:841 msgid "" "However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of " "the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:846 msgid "" "Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay " -"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in " -"1968. Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal " -"gain and will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are " -"reached. The commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can " -"no longer support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an " -"economic truism and a justification for private property and free markets." +"<quote>The Tragedy of the Commons,</quote> published in Science in 1968. " +"Hardin argues that everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and " +"will continue to do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The " +"commons is then tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer " +"support anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism " +"and a justification for private property and free markets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:874 msgid "" "Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " "<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons,</quote> in Frischmann, Madison, and " @@ -1235,7 +1252,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:872 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:857 msgid "" "However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s <quote>The Tragedy of the " "Commons</quote>—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons " @@ -1255,11 +1272,11 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:896 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:881 msgid "" "Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His " -"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure " -"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " +"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-" +"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom " "found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and " "encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help " "people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, " @@ -1268,28 +1285,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:897 msgid "" "Farley and Kubiszewski, <quote>Economics of Information,</quote> in Elliott " "and Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:908 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:893 msgid "" "Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists " "have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is " "known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an " -"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and " -"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a " -"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make " -"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual " -"market norms and rules to be applied." +"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and distribution. " +"Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a theory or model for " +"how abundance works, however, has led the market to make digital resources " +"artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual market norms and " +"rules to be applied." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:909 msgid "" "When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there " "is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state " @@ -1298,22 +1315,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:931 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:923 msgid "How the market, the state and the commons look today." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:920 msgid "Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:930 msgid "The Digital Revolution" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:947 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:932 msgid "" "In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each " "other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified " @@ -1321,12 +1339,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:940 msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:961 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:946 msgid "" "The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the " "source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing " @@ -1334,12 +1352,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:953 msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:974 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:959 msgid "" "<quote>What Is Free Software?</quote> GNU Operating System, the Free " "Software Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, " @@ -1347,28 +1365,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:958 msgid "" -"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to " -"others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:968 msgid "" "These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that " "typify a digital commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:983 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open-source software,</quote> last modified November " "22, 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:987 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972 msgid "" "In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more " "appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these " @@ -1385,16 +1403,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:998 msgid "" "Eric S. Raymond, <quote>The Magic Cauldron,</quote> in The Cathedral and the " "Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, " -"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink url=\"http://www." +"catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:990 msgid "" "While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and " "markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and " @@ -1407,7 +1425,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1022 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1007 msgid "" "It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also " "about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, " @@ -1415,14 +1433,14 @@ msgid "" "participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, " "books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily " "created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for " -"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright " -"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by " -"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " +"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. " +"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law " +"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s " "permission." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1041 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1026 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, " @@ -1430,7 +1448,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1020 msgid "" "But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing " "valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes " @@ -1440,12 +1458,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1049 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1034 msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1036 msgid "" "In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those " "who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses " @@ -1456,20 +1474,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1056 msgid "" "<quote>Licensing Considerations,</quote> Creative Commons, accessed December " -"30, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>." +"30, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-" +"considerations/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1045 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of " -"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by " -"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and " -"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " +"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. " +"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are " +"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the " "permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly " "understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer " "beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the " @@ -1481,7 +1499,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1079 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1064 msgid "" "In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a " "global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are " @@ -1491,14 +1509,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1092 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1077 msgid "" "Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1072 msgid "" "Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative " "Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, " @@ -1510,21 +1528,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1085 msgid "" "Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of " "getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply " "committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, " "participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social " -"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative " -"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant " -"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange " -"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " +"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. " +"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits " +"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a " +"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source " "software movement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1097 msgid "" "Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including " "open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The " @@ -1534,15 +1552,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1125 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1110 msgid "" "Wikipedia, s.v. <quote>Open Government Partnership,</quote> last modified " -"September 24, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." +"September 24, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" +"Open_Government_Partnership\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1105 msgid "" "The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open " "Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international " @@ -1556,22 +1574,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1121 msgid "The Changing Market" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1144 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1129 msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1137 msgid "Ibid., 116." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1123 msgid "" "Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial " "systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate " @@ -1587,15 +1605,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1162 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1147 msgid "" "The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, <quote>Stockholm " -"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink " -"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" +"Statement</quote> accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink url=\"http://sida.se/" +"globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1141 msgid "" "In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth " "should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and " @@ -1605,25 +1623,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1174 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1159 msgid "" "City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory " "for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 msgid "" -"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink " -"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to " -"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." +"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/" +">; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to <ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/" +"amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1154 msgid "" "These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a " "means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are " @@ -1636,14 +1655,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1186 msgid "" "Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR " "Books, 2015), 42." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1191 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1176 msgid "" "The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with " "businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term " @@ -1652,8 +1671,8 @@ msgid "" "market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business " "seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons " "or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about " -"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our " -"lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " +"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we " "interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the " "sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the " "sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The " @@ -1663,7 +1682,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1208 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, " @@ -1671,21 +1690,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1198 msgid "" "One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the " "sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources " "function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where " -"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an " -"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly " -"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital " -"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything " -"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-" +"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but " +"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are " +"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these " +"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1214 msgid "" "Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique " "inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The " @@ -1700,7 +1719,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1233 msgid "" "Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave " @@ -1708,19 +1727,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1228 msgid "" "The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is " "next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on " "abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of " -"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are " -"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models " -"and practice." +"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are each " +"pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models and " +"practice." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1241 msgid "" "Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate " "as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business " @@ -1729,7 +1748,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1255 msgid "" "Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " @@ -1737,15 +1756,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1279 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1264 msgid "" "Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " -"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), " -"8–9." +"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1263 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1248 msgid "" "For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations " "is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially " @@ -1760,44 +1778,44 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1291 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " -"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." +"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink url=" +"\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1269 msgid "" "<quote>A book on open business models</quote> is how we described it in this " "book’s Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model " -"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model " -"is. Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving " -"470 coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for " -"talking about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"Generation as our reference for defining just what a business model is. " +"Developed over nine years using an <quote>open process</quote> involving 470 " +"coauthors from forty-five countries, it is useful as a framework for talking " +"about business models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1286 msgid "" -"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." +"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink url=\"http://" +"strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1294 msgid "" "We’ve made the <quote>Open Business Model Canvas,</quote> designed by the " -"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. " -"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." +"coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at <ulink url=\"http://docs.google." +"com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. You " +"can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at " +"<ulink url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/" +"d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1283 msgid "" "It contains a <quote>business model canvas,</quote> which conceives of a " "business model as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " @@ -1805,38 +1823,38 @@ msgid "" "own business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open " "business model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid " "market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and " -"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits " -"in.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas " -"proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their " -"economic model." +"<quote>type of open environment that the business fits in.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved " +"useful when we analyzed businesses and helped start-ups plan their economic " +"model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1304 msgid "" "In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing " "themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested " -"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the " -"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a " -"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources " -"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or " -"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with " -"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been " -"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a " -"predefined model." +"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-" +"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business " +"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons " +"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting " +"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative " +"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, " +"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1341 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1326 msgid "" "A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this post I " "wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. <quote>What Is an Open Business Model and " -"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." +"How Can You Generate Revenue?</quote>, available at <ulink url=\"http://" +"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-" +"can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1317 msgid "" "The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the " "market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary " @@ -1844,19 +1862,19 @@ msgid "" "but physical for a fee,</quote> crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add " "services, patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how " "to earn revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see " -"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised " -"ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying " -"revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." +"How to Bring In Money in the next section.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> There is no single magic bullet, and each endeavor has devised ways " +"that work for them. Most make use of more than one way. Diversifying revenue " +"streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to sustainability." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1353 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1338 msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1340 msgid "" "While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and " "engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious " @@ -1865,7 +1883,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1346 msgid "" "The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons " "offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with " @@ -1875,21 +1893,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1355 msgid "" "The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by " -"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before " -"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front " -"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no " -"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM " -"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to " -"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way " -"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and " -"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." +"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. " +"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without " +"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of " +"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees " +"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage " +"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the " +"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes " +"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1368 msgid "" "The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used " "and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing " @@ -1903,15 +1921,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1390 msgid "" "Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and " -"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), " -"31–44." +"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), 31–" +"44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1381 msgid "" "The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can " "use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, " @@ -1919,21 +1937,21 @@ msgid "" "original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons " "deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate " "them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely " -"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an " -"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new " -"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the " -"resources and the relationship with the community." +"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an organization " +"or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new ideas, absorb " +"and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the resources and " +"the relationship with the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1399 msgid "" -"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is " -"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go " -"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no " -"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are " -"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " +"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. " +"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and " +"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders " +"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often " +"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally " "distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being " "globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The " "digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and " @@ -1941,7 +1959,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1412 msgid "" "The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds " "value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through " @@ -1956,7 +1974,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1426 msgid "" "The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests " "people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the " @@ -1972,7 +1990,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1441 msgid "" "The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the " "goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state " @@ -1981,12 +1999,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1448 msgid "Our Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1450 msgid "" "The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as " "nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal " @@ -1999,7 +2017,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1462 msgid "" "The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key " "staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and " @@ -2009,7 +2027,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1470 msgid "" "Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and " "manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the " @@ -2021,7 +2039,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1480 msgid "" "They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing " "existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, " @@ -2031,7 +2049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1488 msgid "" "And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a " "global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come " @@ -2040,7 +2058,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1495 msgid "" "Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of " "resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than " @@ -2048,14 +2066,14 @@ msgid "" "we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set " "of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more " "than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are " -"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are " -"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop " -"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be " -"transparent. Defend the commons." +"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. " +"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; " +"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the " +"commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1523 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508 msgid "" "The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case " "studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still " @@ -2066,7 +2084,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1532 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1517 msgid "" "Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in " "this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over " @@ -2077,17 +2095,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1528 msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1545 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1530 msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1534 msgid "" "When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about " "business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant " @@ -2100,12 +2118,11 @@ msgid "" "others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative " "work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these " "endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a " -"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of " -"it." +"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1564 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1550 msgid "" "We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of " "each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under " @@ -2117,7 +2134,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1560 msgid "" "In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite " "different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and " @@ -2125,19 +2142,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1565 msgid "" "It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative " "Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor " "were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want " -"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could " -"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to " -"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business " -"lens." +"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. " +"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book " +"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1578 msgid "" "Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: " "John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " @@ -2145,20 +2161,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1574 msgid "" "According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business " "model <quote>describes the rationale of how an organization creates, " -"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value " -"always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we " -"heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in " -"our interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it " -"to mean.</quote>" +"delivers, and captures value.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always " +"felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something we heard time " +"and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our " +"interview with him, <quote>Business model can mean anything you want it to " +"mean.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1604 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1590 msgid "" "Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a " "business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one " @@ -2167,7 +2183,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1611 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1597 msgid "" "Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up " "our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill " @@ -2179,7 +2195,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1621 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1607 msgid "" "In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the " "diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, " @@ -2192,7 +2208,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1619 msgid "" "But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with " "Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, " @@ -2202,7 +2218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1627 msgid "" "At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the " "value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC " @@ -2217,7 +2233,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1655 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1641 msgid "" "Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, " "sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to " @@ -2231,7 +2247,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1667 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1653 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to " "CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives " @@ -2241,20 +2257,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1680 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1666 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1675 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1661 msgid "" "The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For " "individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some " "ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, <quote>Creators usually " -"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " +"start doing what they do for love.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> But when you share your creative work under a CC license, that " "dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it " "is often less about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich " "and more about solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino " @@ -2263,7 +2279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1692 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1678 msgid "" "Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that " "underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons " @@ -2275,7 +2291,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1688 msgid "" "This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples " "of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of " @@ -2287,7 +2303,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1712 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1698 msgid "" "Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be " "successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make " @@ -2295,7 +2311,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703 msgid "" "The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is " "generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be " @@ -2308,12 +2324,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1720 msgid "Ibid., 55." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715 msgid "" "Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same " "amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a " @@ -2328,7 +2344,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), " @@ -2336,26 +2352,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1729 msgid "" "Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content " -"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially " -"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute " -"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been " -"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical " -"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there " -"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, " -"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like " -"touring or custom training." +"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute physical " +"copies are still significant, but lower than they have been historically. " +"And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical copies on-demand, " +"which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there can be a whole " +"host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, and even " +"expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like touring " +"or custom training." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1754 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1744 msgid "" "It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on " "creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and " @@ -2365,15 +2381,15 @@ msgid "" "never got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is " "your time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the " "assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds " -"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " +"of ways to do it without them.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs " "associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work " "themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a " "lot more modest." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1761 msgid "" "Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t " "enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You " @@ -2388,7 +2404,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1788 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1774 msgid "" "This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money " "while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much " @@ -2398,7 +2414,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1782 msgid "" "There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for " "business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve " @@ -2406,90 +2422,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1787 msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1794 msgid "" "Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1809 msgid "" "Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, " "2012), 64." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1789 msgid "" "Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, " "customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, " "<quote>It has to start with the art. The songs had to touch people " -"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at " -"all.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic " -"to finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " -"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian " -"value. In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by " -"shelf space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " +"initially, and mean something, for anything to work at all.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to " +"finding your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to " +"connect with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. " +"In some ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf " +"space, so there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need " "imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where " "consumption becomes less about mainstream mass <quote>hits</quote> and more " "about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson wrote, <quote>We " "are all different, with different wants and needs, and the Internet now has " -"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer " -"limited to what appeals to the masses." +"a place for all of them in the way that physical markets did not.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited to " +"what appeals to the masses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1823 msgid "" "David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of " "the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1844 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1835 msgid "" "Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New " "York: Morgan James, 2016), 10." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1815 msgid "" "While finding <quote>your people</quote> online is theoretically easier than " "in the analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to " "actually get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only " "grows larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you " "competing for attention against more content creators than ever before, you " -"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as " -"well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " +"are competing against creativity generated outside the market as well." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, <quote>The " "greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people spend " -"consuming amateur content instead of professional " -"content.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, " -"you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, " -"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the " -"town.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, " -"you have to get noticed by the right people." +"consuming amateur content instead of professional content.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have " +"to compete against the rest of their lives, too—<quote>friends, family, " +"music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.</quote><placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you have to get noticed by " +"the right people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1849 msgid "Anderson, Free, 62." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1841 msgid "" "When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality " "from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there " @@ -2506,21 +2522,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1877 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1863 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1859 msgid "" "Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will " "make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, <quote>Recognition is " -"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic " -"success.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"one of many necessary preconditions for artistic success.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1867 msgid "" "Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and " "policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit " @@ -2533,23 +2549,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1885 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1878 msgid "" "It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your " "social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative " "work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it " "with others. But as David Bollier wrote, <quote>Our natural human impulses " -"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been " -"criminalized.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"to imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1903 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1889 msgid "" "The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters " "copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and " @@ -2560,7 +2576,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1912 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1898 msgid "" "If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can " "invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on " @@ -2577,34 +2593,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1918 msgid "Anderson, Free, 86." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1914 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to " "artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the " -"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you " -"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to " -"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, " -"<quote>Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" +"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you start " +"thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to your " +"advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, <quote>Using CC " +"licenses shows you get the Internet.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1929 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1926 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his " -"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in " -"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of " -"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " +"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of the " +"Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their " "hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits " "of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of " "hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and " @@ -2613,19 +2629,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1939 msgid "" "There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to " "your benefit. Here are a few." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1943 msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1945 msgid "" "Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it " "automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work " @@ -2639,30 +2655,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1957 msgid "" "The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by " -"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are " -"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " +"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-" +"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This " "proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to " "their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1974 msgid "Anderson, Free, 123." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1966 msgid "" "The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max " "strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to " "Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: <quote>Take whatever it is you " "are doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of " "saying this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might " -"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " +"as well put things everywhere.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This strategy is what often motivates companies to make their " "products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to " "making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in " "cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible " @@ -2670,77 +2686,75 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988 msgid "Ibid., 132." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1993 msgid "Ibid., 70." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1983 msgid "" "If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other " -"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon " -"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following " -"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in " -"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a " -"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. " +"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work " +"spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in herd " +"behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a partial " +"indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1998 msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2012 msgid "" -"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), " -"124. Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is " -"how rarely they are invoked.</quote>" +"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), 124. " +"Surowiecki says, <quote>The measure of success of laws and contracts is how " +"rarely they are invoked.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2000 msgid "" "Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, " -"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the " -"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public " -"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities " -"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, " -"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most " -"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the " -"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, " -"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part " -"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally " -"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something " -"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as " -"providing credit." +"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. " +"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does " +"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give " +"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social " +"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate " +"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms " +"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the " +"marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/" +"> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the " +"vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow " +"those wishes. This is particularly the case for something as straightforward " +"and consistent with basic notions of fairness as providing credit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2023 msgid "" "The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the " "licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, " "a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based " "on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge " -"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of " -"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around " -"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " +"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-" +"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the " +"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons " "license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the " "most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having " "the most people see and cite your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2037 msgid "" "Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be " "about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content " @@ -2755,23 +2769,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2066 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2052 msgid "" -"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its " -"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to " -"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing " -"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a " -"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted " -"information source is more valuable than ever." +"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. " +"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the " +"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a " +"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online " +"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source " +"is more valuable than ever." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2062 msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2078 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2064 msgid "" "As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with " "Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the " @@ -2782,12 +2796,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2086 msgid "Anderson, Free, 44." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2087 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2073 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how " "offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases " @@ -2796,15 +2810,15 @@ msgid "" "most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of " "catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical " "goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more " -"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the " -"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), " -"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version " -"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free " -"can be a form of promotion." +"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. " +"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free " +"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people " +"bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free can be " +"a form of promotion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2090 msgid "" "In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even " "need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity " @@ -2821,12 +2835,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2107 msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2110 msgid "" "The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an " "embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital " @@ -2835,48 +2849,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2124 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2117 msgid "" "Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or " "otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean " "wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, " "transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, " -"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the " -"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game " -"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the " -"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its " -"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." +"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the public." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game changing " +"in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the ability to " +"customize and update the content is critically important for its usefulness. " +"For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2137 msgid "Anderson, Free, 67." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2142 msgid "Ibid., 58." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2145 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2150 msgid "" "Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2146 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2132 msgid "" "This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free " "and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, <quote>People " @@ -2884,44 +2898,43 @@ msgid "" "they don’t think as much about how they consume them.</quote><placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one " "penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the " -"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products " -"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we " -"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type " -"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " +"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products they " +"had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we know " +"that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type of " +"creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something " "created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2177 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2163 msgid "Ibid., 21." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2156 msgid "" "Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless " -"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their " -"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive " -"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your " -"presence matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your " -"response is part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied " -"to your work." +"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-" +"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, " +"Clay Shirky says, <quote>To participate is to act as if your presence " +"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is " +"part of the event.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening " +"the door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2169 msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178 msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2171 msgid "" "Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under " "the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that " @@ -2931,62 +2944,62 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can " "function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased " "openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they " -"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers " -"cannot. <quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent " -"rules,</quote> David said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" +"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers cannot. " +"<quote>Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,</quote> David " +"said. <quote>Change the rules of engagement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190 msgid "Making Money" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2200 msgid "" "William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models,</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009, <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009, <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2192 msgid "" "Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons " -"have to generate some type of value for their audience or " -"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not " -"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic " -"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the " -"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional " -"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in " -"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with " -"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the " -"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market " -"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of " -"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient " -"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity." +"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. " +"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually " +"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, " +"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out " +"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding " +"operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in many cases, the " +"revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons are " +"directly tied to the value they generate, where the recipient is paying for " +"the value they receive like any standard market transaction. In still other " +"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that " +"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a " +"sense of reciprocity." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2221 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2213 msgid "" "Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in " "revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant " "funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are " "particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) " "for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, <quote>The trick is in knowing when " -"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are " -"not.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"markets are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not." +"</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2225 msgid "" "Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating " "mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we " @@ -2997,41 +3010,41 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2248 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2234 msgid "Market-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2239 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2260 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246 msgid "" "Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance " "(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236 msgid "" "In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue " "is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content " "you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the " "ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a " -"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you " -"provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you provide." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2262 msgid "Anderson, Free, 71." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2252 msgid "" "In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven " "endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the " @@ -3049,12 +3062,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2281 msgid "Ibid., 231." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2271 msgid "" "Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in " "the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product " @@ -3063,12 +3076,12 @@ msgid "" "creates a new scarcity,</quote> he wrote. You just have to find some way " "other than the content to provide value to your audience or customers. As " "Anderson says, <quote>It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something " -"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"better or at least different from the free version.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2285 msgid "" "In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative " "Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the " @@ -3079,7 +3092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2294 msgid "" "For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to " "provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that " @@ -3088,94 +3101,92 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2301 msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2305 msgid "" -"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work " -"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work <emphasis>[MARKET-" +"BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2329 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2315 msgid "Ibid., 97." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2308 msgid "" "In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick " "is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services " "are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, <quote>Commodity information " "(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information " -"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be " -"expensive.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be " -"anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by " -"Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> " -"Mann." +"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything from " +"the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the " +"custom-song business of Jonathan <quote>Song-A-Day</quote> Mann." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2337 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2323 msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 107." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2326 msgid "" "In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving " "away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content " -"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital " -"version of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book " -"publishing where a significant subset of people still prefer reading " -"something they can hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content " -"isn’t useful until it is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those " -"situations, a significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience " -"of having someone else put the physical version together for them. Some " -"endeavors squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative " -"Commons license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else " -"can sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This " -"strategy of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for " -"items like books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be " -"the same quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service " -"from another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, " -"the provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the " -"same works based on quality, service, or other traditional business " -"principles." +"and atoms refer to a physical object).<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> This is particularly successful in domains where the digital version " +"of the content isn’t as valuable as the analog version, like book publishing " +"where a significant subset of people still prefer reading something they can " +"hold in their hands. Or in domains where the content isn’t useful until it " +"is in physical form, like furniture designs. In those situations, a " +"significant portion of consumers will pay for the convenience of having " +"someone else put the physical version together for them. Some endeavors " +"squeeze even more out of this revenue stream by using a Creative Commons " +"license that only allows noncommercial uses, which means no one else can " +"sell physical copies of their work in competition with them. This strategy " +"of reserving commercial rights can be particularly important for items like " +"books, where every printed copy of the same work is likely to be the same " +"quality, so it is harder to differentiate one publishing service from " +"another. On the other hand, for items like furniture or electronics, the " +"provider of the physical goods can compete with other providers of the same " +"works based on quality, service, or other traditional business principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2354 msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357 msgid "" "As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing " "creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a " "digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face " -"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the " -"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " +"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-" +"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view " "original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2382 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2368 msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2371 msgid "" "In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating " "a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest " @@ -3184,12 +3195,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2388 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378 msgid "" "Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing " "value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In " @@ -3198,80 +3209,80 @@ msgid "" "businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the " "content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the " "offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a " -"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided " -"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience " -"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services " -"you can provide as well." +"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience isn’t the " +"only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services you can " +"provide as well." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2409 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395 msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2417 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2403 msgid "Ibid., 92." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2421 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2407 msgid "Anderson, Free, 142." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398 msgid "" "The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this " "version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to " "reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their " "audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made " "this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available " -"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream " -"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative " -"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser " -"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the " -"overall endeavor." +"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for " +"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. " +"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be " +"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall " +"endeavor." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2430 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2416 msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2419 msgid "" "Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves " "pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only " -"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by " -"others. The most well-known version of this model is the " -"<quote>author-processing charge</quote> of open-access journals like those " -"published by the Public Library of Science, but there are other " -"variations. The Conversation is primarily funded by a university-membership " -"model, where universities pay to have their faculties participate as writers " -"of the content on the Conversation website." +"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. " +"The most well-known version of this model is the <quote>author-processing " +"charge</quote> of open-access journals like those published by the Public " +"Library of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is " +"primarily funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to " +"have their faculties participate as writers of the content on the " +"Conversation website." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2433 msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2438 msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2436 msgid "" "This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering " "transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun " -"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a " -"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " +"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a high-" +"quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make " "transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service " "providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money " "every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one " @@ -3279,12 +3290,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2464 -msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2450 +msgid "" +"Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2467 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2453 msgid "" "As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized " "services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service " @@ -3295,12 +3307,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2463 msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2466 msgid "" "Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use " "of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with " @@ -3313,12 +3325,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2478 msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2480 msgid "" "Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic " "framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the " @@ -3327,7 +3339,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2501 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2487 msgid "" "Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for " "some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more " @@ -3341,7 +3353,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500 msgid "" "This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends " "and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David " @@ -3351,17 +3363,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2524 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2510 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2514 msgid "Ibid., 134." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2508 msgid "" "What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor " "that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " @@ -3371,14 +3383,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519 msgid "" -"Memberships and individual donations " -"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" +"Memberships and individual donations <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2522 msgid "" "While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in " "the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the " @@ -3393,65 +3404,64 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2552 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2538 msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2541 msgid "" "In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content " "is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on " -"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open " -"content. Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> " -"something free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial " -"contributions as an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact " -"that we are naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the " -"marketplace, even in situations where we could find a way to get it for " -"free." +"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. " +"Critically, these models are not touted as <quote>buying</quote> something " +"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as " +"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are " +"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, " +"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2568 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2554 msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2557 msgid "" "Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and " "distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made " "with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply " "wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this " -"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the " -"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of " -"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building " -"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art " -"of Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, " -"ears are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection " -"is sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks " -"for something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience " -"says, without hesitation: of course.</quote>" +"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. " +"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her " +"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her " +"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of " +"Asking, <quote>Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears " +"are bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is " +"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for " +"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, " +"without hesitation: of course.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2589 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2575 msgid "" "Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a " -"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major " -"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " +"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U." +"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by " "definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets " "tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and " "to the idea of open access generally." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2600 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2586 msgid "Making Human Connections" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2588 msgid "" "Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard " "language like <quote>persuading people to buy</quote> and <quote>inviting " @@ -3468,7 +3478,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2605 msgid "" "Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being " "invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to " @@ -3479,7 +3489,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2613 msgid "" "It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what " "they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative " @@ -3487,7 +3497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2632 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2618 msgid "" "I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons " "is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was " @@ -3495,20 +3505,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2637 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2623 msgid "" "Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons " "licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much " "more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into " "what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I " -"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative " -"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright " -"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of " -"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens." +"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. " +"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in " +"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes " +"with sharing. You have to widen the lens." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2634 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of " "licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also " @@ -3523,7 +3533,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2648 msgid "" "The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that " "creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are " @@ -3532,19 +3542,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2669 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2655 msgid "Be human" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2659 msgid "" "Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2657 msgid "" "Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat " "each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further " @@ -3555,14 +3565,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2697 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2683 msgid "" "Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670 msgid "" "To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate " "online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons " @@ -3578,54 +3588,54 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2703 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2689 msgid "" "A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a " "<quote>brand.</quote> That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda " "Palmer says, <quote>When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t " -"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing " -"them.</quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like " -"Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is " -"just avoiding pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an " -"image. People don’t just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate " -"to it, at least not in a meaningful way." +"connect with them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.</" +"quote> Not everyone is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and " +"that’s OK. There are a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding " +"pretense and the temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t " +"just want the glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not " +"in a meaningful way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2710 msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2702 msgid "" "This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations " "because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United " "States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make " "the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are " -"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In " -"business-speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> " -"with the public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a " -"gimmick. You can’t fake being human." +"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-" +"speak, this is about <quote>humanizing your interactions</quote> with the " +"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a gimmick. " +"You can’t fake being human." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716 msgid "Be open and accountable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2725 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2730 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2732 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2718 msgid "" "Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, " "but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, " @@ -3639,90 +3649,90 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2739 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2760 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2746 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2734 msgid "" "Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James " -"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to " -"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of " -"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving " -"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting " -"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through " -"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse " -"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity " -"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people " -"involved and invested in what you do." +"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-" +"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that " +"cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " +"Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving context and " +"explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting feedback and " +"inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to " +"actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting " +"input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> But when " +"you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that " +"helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and " +"invested in what you do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2754 msgid "Design for the good actors" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2772 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2763 msgid "Ibid., 31." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2756 msgid "" "Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their " "own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any " "relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more " -"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and " -"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure " -"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative " -"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social " -"motivations, motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> " -"in an economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is " -"best to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is " -"based on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There " -"will always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors " -"that are Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." +"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and motivations. " +"In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure fairness.<placeholder " +"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons requires an " +"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, " +"motivations that would be considered <quote>irrational</quote> in an " +"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, <quote>It is best " +"to ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based " +"on a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.</quote> There will " +"always be people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are " +"Made with Creative Commons design for the good actors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2782 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2776 msgid "" -"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a " -"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems " -"that assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give " -"them opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together " -"better than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often " -"motivated by something other than financial self-interest, we design our " -"endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." +"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-" +"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, <quote>Systems that " +"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them " +"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better " +"than neoclassical economics would predict.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated " +"by something other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in " +"ways that encourage and accentuate our social instincts." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2800 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2789 msgid "" "Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of " "operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but " @@ -3731,41 +3741,51 @@ msgid "" "to make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for " "any organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers " "and workers live up to their obligation.</quote> Instead, we largely trust " -"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to " -"do.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." +"that people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2819 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2805 msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2810 msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2832 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2818 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2821 -msgid "" -"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like " -"fans. As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan " -"first.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen " -"to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off " -"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory " -"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. " -"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate " -"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she " -"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2807 +msgid "" +"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. " +"As Kleon says, <quote>If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be one " +"of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off remembering " +"that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory Doctorow makes a " +"point to answer every single email someone sends him. Amanda Palmer spends " +"vast quantities of time going online to communicate with her public, making " +"a point to listen just as much as she talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" +"Pour les créateurs, traiter les gens comme des êtres humains signifie ne pas " +"les traiter comme des fans. Comme Kleon le dit : <quote>Si vous voulez des " +"fans, vous devez d’abord être un fan.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Même s’il vous arrive d’être un des rares à atteindre les hauts " +"niveaux de la célébrité, vous feriez mieux de vous souvenir que les gens qui " +"suivent votre travail sont aussi des humains. Cory Doctorow se fait une " +"obligation de répondre à chaque courriel que quelqu’un lui envoie. Amanda " +"Palmer passe de vastes périodes de temps en ligne pour communiquer avec son " +"public, s’obligeant à écouter tout autant qu’elle parle.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2822 msgid "" "The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating " "its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to " @@ -3773,39 +3793,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2833 msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843 msgid "Ibid., 105." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2842 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2828 msgid "" -"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in " -"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too " -"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " +"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. " +"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy " +"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous " "customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms " "that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an " "exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay " "back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve " -"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or " -"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least " -"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it " -"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or contributions. " +"As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least when it takes a " +"form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it can " +"dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2848 msgid "State your principles and stick to them" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2864 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2850 msgid "" "Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and " "what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses " @@ -3818,7 +3837,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2862 msgid "" "The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of " "the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your " @@ -3831,57 +3850,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2877 msgid "Ibid., 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2887 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2873 msgid "" "When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you " "aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when " -"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own " -"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts " -"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust." +"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts committed employees, " +"motivates contributors, and builds trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2897 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2883 msgid "Build a community" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2891 msgid "" "Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012), 36." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2885 msgid "" "Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built " "around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to " "create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people " -"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or " -"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, " -"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some " -"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who " -"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." +"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, simply being " +"Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some element of " +"community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who recognize and " +"are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2921 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2907 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2928 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2914 msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2899 msgid "" "To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People " "have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is " @@ -3893,90 +3912,90 @@ msgid "" "like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the " "CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, <quote>Tapping into " "passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative " -"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"communities that drive open organizations.</quote><placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2926 msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2930 msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2932 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2918 msgid "" "Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki " "wrote, <quote>It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s " "difficult to ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not " "in their own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the " "group (which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), " -"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona " -"fides.</quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true " -"community requires giving people within the community the power to create or " -"influence the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people " -"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." +"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.</" +"quote><placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community " +"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence " +"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/" +"> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel " +"like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2950 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2936 msgid "" "Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected " "around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2956 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2942 msgid "Give more to the commons than you take" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2953 msgid "" "Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All,</quote> Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"<ulink url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-" +"at-all\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2961 msgid "" "Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with " "new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944 msgid "" "Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to " "extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what " "defines so much of the so-called sharing economy. In an article on the " "Harvard Business Review website called <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t " "about Sharing at All,</quote> authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi " -"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most " -"sharing-economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " +"explained how the anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-" +"economy businesses are purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the " "primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same product multiple " -"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." +"times, by selling access rather than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"1\"/> That is not sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2991 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2977 msgid "" "David Lee, <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>." +"Internet,</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2981 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2967 msgid "" "Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you " "take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from " @@ -3985,14 +4004,14 @@ msgid "" "about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The " "social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by " "incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with " -"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited " -"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to " -"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " +"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to its " +"community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by " "actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3000 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2986 msgid "" "In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you " "add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being " @@ -4004,48 +4023,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3011 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2997 msgid "Involve people in what you do" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3016 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3002 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3006 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3091 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3077 msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2999 msgid "" "Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people " -"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of " -"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration " -"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people " -"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " +"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration work, " +"the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people within the " +"group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of " "creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate " "best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly " "for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple " -"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" +"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026 msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3031 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3017 msgid "" "As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is " "exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because " @@ -4053,28 +4073,28 @@ msgid "" "own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small " "contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, " "and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t " -"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><quote><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3038 msgid "Ibid., 154." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3050 msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3030 msgid "" "It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made " "possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are " -"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of " -"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part " -"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " +"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—" +"perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the " +"equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, " "<quote>Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur " "sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> " "The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for " @@ -4089,19 +4109,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3075 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3061 msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3082 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 msgid "" "Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3054 msgid "" "While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear " "the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process " @@ -4112,19 +4132,19 @@ msgid "" "it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey " "(of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance " "mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an " -"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/>" +"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3099 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3085 msgid "" "Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3088 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3074 msgid "" "There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a " "way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own " @@ -4133,62 +4153,68 @@ msgid "" "Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to " "invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration " "is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your " -"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3094 msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3096 msgid "" "All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a " "minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form " -"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the " -"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that " -"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only " -"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial " -"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with " -"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator " -"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of " -"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." +"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. " +"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set " +"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic " +"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the " +"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for " +"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses " +"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators " +"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3110 msgid "Here are the six licenses:" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3115 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3141 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3169 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3182 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3213 msgid "<placeholder type=\"inlinemediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3120 msgid "" "The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the " -"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses " -"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed " -"materials." +"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. " +"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3143 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3129 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3134 msgid "" "The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and " "build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit " @@ -4199,12 +4225,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3145 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3150 msgid "" "The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, " "commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with " @@ -4212,12 +4238,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3157 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3176 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3162 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, " "and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also " @@ -4226,12 +4252,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3184 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3170 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3175 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others " "remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they " @@ -4239,12 +4265,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3197 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3183 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3202 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3188 msgid "" "The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most " "restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your " @@ -4253,7 +4279,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3209 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3195 msgid "" "In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain " "tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of " @@ -4261,74 +4287,74 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3203 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3208 msgid "" "CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the " "worldwide public domain (<quote>no rights reserved</quote>)." msgstr "" #. type: Attribute 'fileref' of: <book><part><chapter><para><inlinemediaobject><imageobject><imagedata> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3215 msgid "Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3220 msgid "" "The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and " "discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3239 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3225 msgid "" "In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use " -"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with " -"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the " -"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both " -"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the " -"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they " -"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing." +"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other " +"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain " +"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content " +"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code " +"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their " +"involvement with and commitment to sharing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3236 msgid "" "There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses " "offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off " "their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make " "endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving " "commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a " -"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC " -"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you " -"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film " -"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length " -"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." +"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-" +"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply " +"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company " +"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or " +"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3250 msgid "" "The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to " "how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The " "NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant " -"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to " -"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you " -"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs " -"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative " -"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial " -"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the " -"dream of having a major record label discover their work." +"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. " +"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in " +"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license " +"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. " +"The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were " +"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having " +"a major record label discover their work." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3263 msgid "" "Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a " "concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit " @@ -4337,7 +4363,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3284 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3270 msgid "" "There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions " "reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work " @@ -4351,26 +4377,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3282 msgid "Note" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3299 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3285 msgid "" "For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work " "in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called " -"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink " -"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>." +"<quote>Share Your Work</quote> at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/" +"share-your-work/\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3293 msgid "The Case Studies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3296 msgid "" "The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of " "nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and " @@ -4382,7 +4408,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3306 msgid "" "We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, " "based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for " @@ -4392,24 +4418,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3328 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3314 msgid "Arduino" msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3317 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4849 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5131 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5954 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6881 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8961 +msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3320 msgid "" "Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer " "hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3325 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3338 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3327 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark " @@ -4417,24 +4461,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3343 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3335 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom " "Igoe, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3350 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4637 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5472 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5985 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6561 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7457 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7741 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8211 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8992 -msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey" -msgstr "" - #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3340 msgid "" "In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, " "teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming " @@ -4450,7 +4490,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3368 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3354 msgid "" "Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a " "button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, " @@ -4461,7 +4501,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3377 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3363 msgid "" "<quote>The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,</quote> " "Tom says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature " @@ -4472,19 +4512,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3372 msgid "" -"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design " -"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work " -"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would " -"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about " -"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source " -"product lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to " -"trust a product.</quote>" +"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. " +"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and " +"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive " +"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open " +"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product " +"lives on. In Tom’s view, <quote>Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a " +"product.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3382 msgid "" "With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders " "started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called " @@ -4495,7 +4535,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3391 msgid "" "For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves " "the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves " @@ -4506,7 +4546,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3399 msgid "" "Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a " "grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and " @@ -4521,7 +4561,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3413 msgid "" "Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, " "artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called " @@ -4537,7 +4577,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3427 msgid "" "Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other " "businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino " @@ -4548,17 +4588,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3449 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3435 msgid "" "For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a " "success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a " -"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still " -"apply. David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things " -"in an open-source way can only help you.</quote>" +"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. " +"David says, <quote>If you do those other things well, sharing things in an " +"open-source way can only help you.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3457 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3443 msgid "" "While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures " "longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create " @@ -4572,7 +4612,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3469 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455 msgid "" "Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, " "with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed " @@ -4585,12 +4625,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3489 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3475 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3480 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3466 msgid "" "Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and " "adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level " @@ -4599,19 +4639,19 @@ msgid "" "creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The " "full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller " "form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a " -"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3492 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3478 msgid "" "Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, " "and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their " "success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says " -"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does " -"matter—in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, " -"the Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " +"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—" +"in his words, <quote>It’s good business.</quote> When they started, the " +"Arduino team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They " "started by conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using " "the platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was " "meant to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically " @@ -4619,7 +4659,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3505 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3491 msgid "" "A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a " "way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a " @@ -4633,19 +4673,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3503 msgid "" "Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the " "United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only " -"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their " -"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " -"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial " -"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s " -"revenue-generating model." +"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. " +"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect " +"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. " +"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-" +"generating model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3513 msgid "" "How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly " "agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, " @@ -4656,29 +4696,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3534 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3536 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3522 msgid "" "David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a " "default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really " "needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up " "certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the " -"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is " -"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open " -"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled " -"<quote>Send In the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, " -"does a great job of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking " -"their brand has played out, distinguishing between official boards and those " -"that are clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. " +"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing " +"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled <quote>Send In " +"the Clones,</quote> by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job " +"of explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has " +"played out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are " +"clones, derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3551 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3537 msgid "" "For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use " "it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making " @@ -4688,18 +4728,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3545 msgid "" "Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics " "reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about <quote>the " "democratization of technology.</quote> Tom sees Arduino’s open-source " "strategy as helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be " -"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should " -"learn.</quote>" +"protected. Tom says, <quote>Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3553 msgid "" "Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product " "development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for " @@ -4707,12 +4747,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3573 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3559 msgid "Ártica" msgstr "" +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4372 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8507 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9199 +msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" +msgstr "" + #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3565 msgid "" "Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use " "digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and " @@ -4720,36 +4774,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3570 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3572 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3586 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3575 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3577 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and " "Jorge Gemetto, cofounders" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><attribution> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3592 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4400 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5774 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7225 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8009 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8537 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8759 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9230 -msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson" -msgstr "" - #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3582 msgid "" "The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the " "ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the " @@ -4758,25 +4807,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3602 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3588 msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3605 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3591 msgid "" "In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization " -"to develop research and online education about rural-development " -"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both " -"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for " -"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology " -"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " +"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. " +"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were " +"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts " +"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and " +"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched " "Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people " "and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3617 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3603 msgid "" "Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small " "company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and " @@ -4791,20 +4840,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3616 msgid "" "Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps " "clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call " "it an <quote>artisan</quote> process because of the time and effort it takes " -"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and " -"clients. <quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to " -"his or her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell " -"access to their content, they provide it for free and charge for the " -"personalized services." +"to adapt their work for the particular needs of students and clients. " +"<quote>Each student or client is paying for a specific solution to his or " +"her problems and questions,</quote> Mariana said. Rather than sell access to " +"their content, they provide it for free and charge for the personalized " +"services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3627 msgid "" "When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to " "attract large audiences. <quote>Over the years, we realized that online " @@ -4815,7 +4864,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3636 msgid "" "Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than " "a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event " @@ -4825,17 +4874,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3658 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3644 msgid "" -"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific " -"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project " -"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in " -"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, " -"every new resource they create opens new doors." +"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. " +"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new " +"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take " +"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new " +"resource they create opens new doors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3652 msgid "" "Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to " "attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, " @@ -4845,14 +4894,14 @@ msgid "" "to be viral,</quote> Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse " "and remix their content is a fundamental value. <quote>How can you offer an " "online educational service without giving permission to download, make and " -"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in " -"us to the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face " -"contact—we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" +"keep copies, or print the educational resources?</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>If we want to do the best for our students—those who trust in us to " +"the point that they are willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—" +"we have to offer them a fair and ethical agreement.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3668 msgid "" "They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build " "their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A " @@ -4862,20 +4911,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3676 msgid "" -"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another " -"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, " -"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find " -"inspiration. <quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a " -"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another " -"simple piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the " -"future, like a course or a book.</quote>" +"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—" +"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they " +"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. " +"<quote>Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation " +"between us, or with friends from other projects,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple " +"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, " +"like a course or a book.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3701 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3687 msgid "" "Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process " "be dynamic. <quote>This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in " @@ -4887,17 +4936,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3711 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3697 msgid "" -"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes " -"more. <quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important " -"to pay attention to people and process, rather than content or specific " -"formats or materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content " -"are fluid. The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" +"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. " +"<quote>In the educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay " +"attention to people and process, rather than content or specific formats or " +"materials,</quote> Mariana said. <quote>Materials and content are fluid. " +"The important thing is the relationships.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3719 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3705 msgid "" "Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections " "with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them " @@ -4905,22 +4954,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3710 msgid "" "At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. <quote>Good " "content is not enough,</quote> Jorge said. <quote>We also think that it is " -"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural " -"sector.</quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture " -"(the movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) " -"and work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other " -"social-justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and " -"enable artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all " -"tied closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is " -"a mission to democratize art and culture." +"very important to take a stand for some things in the cultural sector.</" +"quote> Mariana and Jorge are activists. They defend free culture (the " +"movement promoting the freedom to modify and distribute creative work) and " +"work to demonstrate the intersection between free culture and other social-" +"justice movements. Their efforts to involve people in their work and enable " +"artists and cultural institutions to better use technology are all tied " +"closely to their belief system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a " +"mission to democratize art and culture." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3738 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3724 msgid "" "Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human " "resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of " @@ -4931,17 +4980,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3746 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3732 msgid "" -"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge " -"said. <quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is " -"very specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal " -"at every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " +"<quote>There are lots of people offering online courses,</quote> Jorge said. " +"<quote>But it is easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very " +"specific and personal.</quote> Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at " +"every level. For Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them " "personal meaning and purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3740 msgid "" "In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that " "this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get " @@ -4951,43 +5000,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3749 msgid "Blender Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3755 msgid "" "The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using " "Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3771 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3760 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3762 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3766 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3779 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3768 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, " "production coordinator" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3773 msgid "" "For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related " "entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software " @@ -5000,7 +5049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3784 msgid "" "Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed " "outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as " @@ -5012,7 +5061,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3794 msgid "" "Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free " "culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s " @@ -5021,7 +5070,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3801 msgid "" "Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender " "software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his " @@ -5034,7 +5083,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3812 msgid "" "This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites " "existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly " @@ -5048,18 +5097,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3825 msgid "" "Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed " -"quickly because the community could make fixes and " -"improvements. <quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> " -"Francesco said. <quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the " -"dark for ten years.</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and " -"steward the software development and maintenance." +"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. " +"<quote>Software should be free and open to hack,</quote> Francesco said. " +"<quote>Otherwise, everyone is doing the same thing in the dark for ten years." +"</quote> Ton set up the Blender Foundation to oversee and steward the " +"software development and maintenance." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3834 msgid "" "After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the " "software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the " @@ -5071,19 +5120,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3858 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3844 msgid "" "They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had " "about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs " "were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign " "succeeded, people were astounded. <quote>The idea that making money was " -"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to " -"people,</quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to " -"believe it.</quote></quote>" +"possible by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,</" +"quote> he said. <quote>They were like, <quote>I have to see it to believe " +"it.</quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3854 msgid "" "The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so " "successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity " @@ -5093,22 +5142,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3876 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3862 msgid "" "Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten " "bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more " -"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on " -"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale " -"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized " -"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it " -"needs to help on projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for " -"film projects because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco " -"said. <quote>So many people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire " -"them because of budget constraints.</quote>" +"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. " +"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the " +"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but " +"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on " +"projects. <quote>Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects " +"because the talent emerges naturally,</quote> Francesco said. <quote>So many " +"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget " +"constraints.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3889 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3875 msgid "" "Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the " "years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is " @@ -5120,7 +5169,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3898 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3884 msgid "" "While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for " "crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found " @@ -5131,7 +5180,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3907 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3893 msgid "" "To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing " "support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender " @@ -5148,7 +5197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3922 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3908 msgid "" "The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five " "to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their " @@ -5157,7 +5206,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3915 msgid "" "Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The " "Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes " @@ -5168,16 +5217,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3938 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3924 msgid "" "Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly " "twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making " -"the software and the content produced with the software free and " -"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model." +"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. " +"Selling a license has never been part of the business model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3931 msgid "" "Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their " "source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into " @@ -5189,67 +5238,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3955 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941 msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3959 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3945 msgid "Cards Against Humanity" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3951 msgid "" "Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular " "party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3967 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3956 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3958 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3961 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3964 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3983 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3969 msgid "" "If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting " -"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a " -"product. We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we " -"make,</quote> Max said." +"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. <quote>We make a product. " +"We sell it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,</quote> Max " +"said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3975 msgid "" "He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after " -"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or " -"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit " -"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards " -"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right " -"kind of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " +"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-" +"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their " +"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are " +"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind " +"of people (<quote>horrible people,</quote> according to Cards Against " "Humanity advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3985 msgid "" "The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a " "profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is " @@ -5259,7 +5308,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3993 msgid "" "But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a " "digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than " @@ -5268,7 +5317,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3999 msgid "" "The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " "(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can " @@ -5278,7 +5327,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4007 msgid "" "All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free " "download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive " @@ -5286,7 +5335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4026 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4012 msgid "" "Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against " "Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max " @@ -5301,25 +5350,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4039 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4025 msgid "" -"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over " -"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to " -"make it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he " -"said." +"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. " +"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make " +"it an ongoing business. <quote>It kind of just happened,</quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4045 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4031 msgid "" -"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing " -"genius. Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent " -"and memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " +"But this tale of a <quote>happy accident</quote> belies marketing genius. " +"Just like the game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and " +"memorable. It is hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their " "website <quote>Your dumb questions.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4037 msgid "" "Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity " "and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday " @@ -5335,7 +5383,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4050 msgid "" "<quote>We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our " "fans were going to hate us for it,</quote> he said. <quote>But it made us " @@ -5343,7 +5391,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4056 msgid "" "This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it " "engages their fans. <quote>One of the most surprising things you can do in " @@ -5352,18 +5400,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4077 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4063 msgid "" "Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. <quote>If we do something a " -"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the " -"joke.</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, " -"where people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans " -"wanted to make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 " -"in a single day." +"little subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke." +"</quote> One year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where " +"people literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to " +"make the joke funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single " +"day." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071 msgid "" "This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their " "decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your " @@ -5371,14 +5419,14 @@ msgid "" "Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there " "are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max " "said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the " -"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that " -"line. <quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max " -"said. <quote>If that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred " -"times over because there are so many benefits.</quote>" +"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. " +"<quote>It happened, and the world didn’t end,</quote> Max said. <quote>If " +"that is the worst cost of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over " +"because there are so many benefits.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4098 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4084 msgid "" "Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, " "but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The " @@ -5388,7 +5436,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4092 msgid "" "Max said, <quote>CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people " "involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the " @@ -5397,7 +5445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4099 msgid "" "Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do " "with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license " @@ -5410,9 +5458,21 @@ msgid "" "of the game, and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of " "instances where they had to get a lawyer involved." msgstr "" +"Bien sûr, il y a des limites à ce que l’entreprise autorise les clients à " +"faire avec le jeu. Ils ont choisi la licence Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"ShareAlike (Attribution-NonCommerciale-Partage à l’identique), parce qu’elle " +"empêche les gens d’utiliser le jeu pour se faire de l’argent. Elle requiert " +"également que les adaptations du jeu soient rendues disponibles selon les " +"mêmes conditions de licence si elles sont partagées publiquement. Cards " +"Against Humanity surveille également sa marque. <quote>Nous avons " +"l’impression que nous sommes les seuls à pouvoir utiliser notre marque et " +"notre jeu pour gagner de l’argent avec</quote>, dit Max. Environ 99,9 " +"pourcent du temps, ils envoient juste un courriel à ceux qui font un usage " +"commercial de leur jeu, et ça se termine là. Il n’y a eu qu’une poignée de " +"cas où ils ont dû faire intervenir un avocat." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113 msgid "" "Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity " "business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, " @@ -5420,12 +5480,12 @@ msgid "" "eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards " "for the game. <quote>We have daylong arguments about commas,</quote> Max " "said. <quote>The slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that " -"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and " -"quibbling.</quote>" +"it is easy to write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4124 msgid "" "That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a " "submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of " @@ -5438,17 +5498,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4135 msgid "" "For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only " "partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in " "the Walt Disney philosophy of financial success. <quote>We don’t make jokes " -"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and " -"games,</quote> he said." +"and games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,</" +"quote> he said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4156 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4142 msgid "" "In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and " "causes. <quote>Cards is not our life plan,</quote> Max said. <quote>We all " @@ -5459,7 +5519,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4165 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151 msgid "" "Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them " "to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing " @@ -5469,34 +5529,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4158 msgid "" -"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC " -"licensing,</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of " -"money, then CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, " -"speaks to your values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" +"<quote>It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing," +"</quote> Max said. <quote>If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then " +"CC is not best strategy. This kind of business model, though, speaks to your " +"values, and who you are and why you’re making things.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4180 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4166 msgid "The Conversation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4183 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172 msgid "" "The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic " -"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the " -"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia." +"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. " +"Founded in 2011 in Australia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4188 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4177 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4190 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4179 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as " @@ -5504,24 +5564,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4197 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4186 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4205 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4191 msgid "" "Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the " "Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, " "Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the " -"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce " -"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism " -"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative " -"model." +"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. " +"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t " +"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4201 msgid "" "Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew " "wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather " @@ -5531,29 +5591,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4208 msgid "" "While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university " "in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an " "astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These " "were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the " -"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in " -"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, " -"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what " -"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was " -"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass " -"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and " -"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of " -"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a " -"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower " -"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, " -"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an " -"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to " -"the wider public." +"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. " +"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists " +"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a " +"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or " +"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want " +"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect " +"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, " +"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—" +"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal " +"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but " +"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good " +"at presenting their expertise to the wider public." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4229 msgid "" "Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public " "arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought " @@ -5562,13 +5621,13 @@ msgid "" "captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is " "academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key " "difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a " -"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is " -"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes " -"and writing whatever they want." +"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. " +"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing " +"whatever they want." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4242 msgid "" "The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money " "and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial " @@ -5582,25 +5641,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4269 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4255 msgid "" "The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning " -"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative " -"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better " -"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better " -"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of " -"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is " -"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based " -"information." +"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. " +"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of " +"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public " +"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information " +"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide " +"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4282 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4268 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4266 msgid "" "Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible " "content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of " @@ -5617,21 +5675,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4295 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281 msgid "" "Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the " "Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for " "others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the " "content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites " "have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 " -"million unique views per month, but through republication they have " -"thirty-five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the " -"Creative Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central " -"to everything the Conversation does." +"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-" +"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative " +"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to " +"everything the Conversation does." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4293 msgid "" "When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find " "and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has " @@ -5641,7 +5699,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4301 msgid "" "It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of " "company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the " @@ -5652,7 +5710,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4310 msgid "" "There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United " "Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for " @@ -5664,7 +5722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4320 msgid "" "Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic " "partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, " @@ -5675,17 +5733,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4343 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4329 msgid "" "When professors from member universities write an article, there is some " "branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation " -"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and " -"funders.</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding " -"members,</quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." +"website, paying university members are listed as <quote>members and funders." +"</quote> Early participants may be designated as <quote>founding members,</" +"quote> with seats on the editorial advisory board." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4351 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4337 msgid "" "Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing " "from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also " @@ -5697,7 +5755,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4347 msgid "" "The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but " "impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a " @@ -5707,7 +5765,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4355 msgid "" "These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the " "Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re " @@ -5715,7 +5773,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4360 msgid "" "With its tagline, <quote>Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,</quote> the " "Conversation represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more " @@ -5725,38 +5783,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369 msgid "Cory Doctorow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4386 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4375 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and " "journalist. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4389 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4378 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://boingboing.net" +"\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4392 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4381 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4396 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4385 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390 msgid "" "Cory Doctorow hates the term <quote>business model,</quote> and he is " "adamant that he is not a brand. <quote>To me, branding is the idea that you " @@ -5767,7 +5825,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4413 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4399 msgid "" "Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from " "making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them " @@ -5775,7 +5833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4418 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4404 msgid "" "He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. " "Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, " @@ -5783,12 +5841,11 @@ msgid "" "coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about " "technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several " "nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be " -"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet " -"age." +"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4415 msgid "" "Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on " "paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for " @@ -5796,7 +5853,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4434 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4420 msgid "" "While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is " "just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of " @@ -5814,7 +5871,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4437 msgid "" "Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary " "motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he " @@ -5823,14 +5880,14 @@ msgid "" "lottery tickets because you want to get rich,</quote> he wrote. <quote>It " "might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always " "wins the lottery.</quote> He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to " -"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter " -"what. <quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before " -"I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself " -"sane.</quote>" +"<quote>make it,</quote> but he says he would be writing no matter what. " +"<quote>I am compelled to write,</quote> he wrote. <quote>Long before I " +"wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep myself sane.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4451 msgid "" "Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his " "primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative " @@ -5842,7 +5899,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4461 msgid "" "He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work " "with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a " @@ -5854,7 +5911,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4485 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4471 msgid "" "Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the " "time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun " @@ -5864,12 +5921,12 @@ msgid "" "relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful " "career as a writer,</quote> he said. <quote>At the time, it took eighty " "hours to OCR a book, which is a big effort. I decided to spare them the time " -"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to " -"spread.</quote>" +"and energy, and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4484 msgid "" "Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted " "Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his " @@ -5879,7 +5936,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4506 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4492 msgid "" "The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people " "from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes " @@ -5889,7 +5946,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4514 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4500 msgid "" "Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to " "view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. <quote>Being open to fan activity " @@ -5897,16 +5954,16 @@ msgid "" "they interact with it,</quote> he said. Cory’s own website routinely " "highlights cool things his audience has done with his work. Unlike " "corporations like Disney that tend to have a hands-off relationship with " -"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his " -"audience. <quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you " -"success,</quote> he said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to " -"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative " -"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty " -"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.</quote>" +"their fan activity, he has a symbiotic relationship with his audience. " +"<quote>Engaging with your audience can’t guarantee you success,</quote> he " +"said. <quote>And Disney is an example of being able to remain aloof and " +"still being the most successful company in the creative industry in history. " +"But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty slim, so I should take " +"all the help I can get.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4529 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4515 msgid "" "His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons " "license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only " @@ -5922,7 +5979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4544 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4530 msgid "" "In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy " "to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each " @@ -5938,20 +5995,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4559 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545 msgid "" "Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared " -"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the " -"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a " -"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of " -"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He " -"calls it Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something " -"that belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for " -"your benefit.</quote>" +"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—" +"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular " +"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over " +"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it " +"Cory’s First Law: <quote>Anytime someone puts a lock on something that " +"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your " +"benefit.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4570 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4556 msgid "" "Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, " "rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet " @@ -5964,7 +6021,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4581 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4567 msgid "" "Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, " "and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available " @@ -5977,20 +6034,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4592 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4578 msgid "" "Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to " "the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he " "does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. <quote>If " -"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to " -"support ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. " -"Future-proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to " -"stay connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" -msgstr "" - -#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604 +"you look at the history of artists, most die in penury,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>That reality means that for artists, we have to find ways to support " +"ourselves when public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-" +"proofing your artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay " +"connected to those people who have been touched by your work.</quote>" +msgstr "" +"Les fans sont particulièrement enclin à payer s’ils se sentent connectés " +"personnellement avec l’artiste. Cory travaille dur pour créer cette " +"connexion personnelle. Une des manières dont il procède est de répondre " +"personnellement à chaque courriel qu’il reçoit. <quote>Si on regarde " +"l’histoire des artistes, la plupart meurent dans la misère</quote>, dit-il. " +"<quote> Cette réalité signifie pour les artistes que nous devons trouver des " +"moyens de subvenir à nos besoins quand les goûts du public changent, quand " +"le droit d’auteur cesse de produire. Assurer l’avenir de votre carrière " +"artistique signifie, de nombreuses manières, trouver des moyens de rester en " +"contact avec les personnes qui ont été touchées par votre travail.</quote>" + +#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4590 msgid "" "Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not " "reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it " @@ -6000,17 +6067,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4612 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4598 msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4602 msgid "Figshare" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4608 msgid "" "Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where " "researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including " @@ -6018,42 +6085,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4614 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4616 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4619 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4622 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4641 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4627 msgid "" "Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through " "improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly " "research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of " -"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and " -"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " +"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code" +"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any " "file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output " "is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does " "not allow." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4638 msgid "" "Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do " "we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be " @@ -6061,7 +6128,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4643 msgid "" "Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student " "getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with " @@ -6072,7 +6139,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4666 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4652 msgid "" "Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. " "Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become " @@ -6081,7 +6148,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4673 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4659 msgid "" "There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent " "identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object " @@ -6089,7 +6156,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4679 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4665 msgid "" "Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a " "persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as " @@ -6100,26 +6167,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4674 msgid "" -"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and " -"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative " -"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s " -"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets " -"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." +"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-" +"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. " +"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with " +"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY " +"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4682 msgid "" "So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He " -"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data " -"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the " -"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too." +"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. " +"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he " +"opened it up for them to use, too." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4702 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4688 msgid "" "People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking " "if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of " @@ -6129,7 +6196,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4710 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4696 msgid "" "Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few " "unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest " @@ -6138,7 +6205,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4717 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4703 msgid "" "Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for " "storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative " @@ -6151,7 +6218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4729 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4715 msgid "" "In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for " "figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to " @@ -6163,23 +6230,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4725 msgid "" -"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for " -"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ " -"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the " -"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having " -"to develop this functionality as part of their own " -"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the " -"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to " -"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides " -"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including " -"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has " -"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data." +"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. " +"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online " +"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. " +"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop " +"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data " +"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-" +"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and " +"researchers. Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide " +"variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and " +"Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons " +"licenses for the data." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4753 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4739 msgid "" "Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with " "the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the " @@ -6191,7 +6258,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4749 msgid "" "Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including " "their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that " @@ -6203,7 +6270,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4773 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4759 msgid "" "As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to " "share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into " @@ -6212,12 +6279,12 @@ msgid "" "research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to " "be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions " "want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses " -"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA " -"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." +"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA (Attribution-" +"ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4772 msgid "" "For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and " "benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC " @@ -6229,7 +6296,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4782 msgid "" "Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research " "dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics " @@ -6240,67 +6307,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4809 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4795 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/" +"Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4798 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&" +"inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4804 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4790 msgid "" "Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it " -"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other " -"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the " -"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United " -"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app " -"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a " -"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of " -"the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" +"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. " +"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal " +"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid " +"to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s " +"API enables that data to be pulled into an app developed by a completely " +"different researcher that converts the data into a visually interesting " +"graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of the variables." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4815 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4801 msgid "" "The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through " "word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of " "Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an " -"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and " -"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " +"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-" +"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave " "presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what " "license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option " "of using Creative Commons licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4816 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4812 msgid "" "Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right " "time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over " "time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of " -"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " +"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium " "subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s " -"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career " -"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that " -"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream." +"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career academics. " +"It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that Figshare is " +"now being used by the mainstream." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4837 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4823 msgid "" "Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, " "800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus " @@ -6310,28 +6377,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4831 msgid "" "Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal " "publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to " "researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping " -"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the " -"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark " -"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If " -"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a " -"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key " -"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting " -"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new " -"discoveries." +"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—" +"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees " +"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was " +"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. " +"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. " +"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to " +"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4860 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4846 msgid "Figure.NZ" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4863 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4852 msgid "" "Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed " "to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New " @@ -6339,57 +6405,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4868 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4857 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4859 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid " "services to creators, donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4862 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4875 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4864 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4884 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4870 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/" +"NZDFF_harness-the-power.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4883 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4869 msgid "" "In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at " -"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of " -"valuable and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most " -"people don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about " -"being informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone " -"wants to be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to " -"their families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " +"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/> Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace said there are thousands of valuable " +"and relevant data sets freely available to us right now, but most people " +"don’t use them. She used to think this meant people didn’t care about being " +"informed, but she’s come to see that she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to " +"be informed about issues that matter—not only to them, but also to their " +"families, their communities, their businesses, and their country. But " "there’s a big difference between availability and accessibility of " "information. Data is spread across thousands of sites and is held within " -"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage " -"with. To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific " -"question to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and " -"manipulate complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the " -"data set. Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to " -"all, with a specific focus on New Zealand." +"databases and spreadsheets that require both time and skill to engage with. " +"To use data when making a decision, you have to know what specific question " +"to ask, identify a source that has collected the data, and manipulate " +"complex tools to extract and visualize the information within the data set. " +"Lillian established Figure.NZ to make data truly accessible to all, with a " +"specific focus on New Zealand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4888 msgid "" "Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the " "New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic " @@ -6402,7 +6469,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4899 msgid "" "Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that " "could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki " @@ -6417,7 +6484,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4927 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4913 msgid "" "Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, " "including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and " @@ -6435,14 +6502,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4939 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/" +"new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4930 msgid "" "Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as " "naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian " @@ -6460,7 +6527,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4960 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4946 msgid "" "Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only " "a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we " @@ -6475,7 +6542,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4959 msgid "" "Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data " "and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be " @@ -6495,7 +6562,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4992 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4978 msgid "" "Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data " "collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every " @@ -6504,7 +6571,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4998 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4984 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services " "to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use " @@ -6521,7 +6588,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5000 msgid "" "Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not " "well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult " @@ -6536,12 +6603,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5033 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5019 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5014 msgid "" "A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and " "Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one " @@ -6551,12 +6618,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5022 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5022 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons " "donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get " @@ -6565,7 +6632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5028 msgid "" "Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide " "more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to " @@ -6574,7 +6641,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5048 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5034 msgid "" "Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, " "and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep " @@ -6588,7 +6655,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5046 msgid "" "Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range " "of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, " @@ -6600,7 +6667,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5056 msgid "" "Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their " "customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important " @@ -6609,14 +6676,13 @@ msgid "" "through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can " "you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond " "quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would " -"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on " -"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for " -"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are " -"interested in." +"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure." +"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be " +"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5084 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5070 msgid "" "Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond " "simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. \"We " @@ -6627,7 +6693,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5080 msgid "" "\"But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information " "widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best " @@ -6635,7 +6701,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5086 msgid "" "\"The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is " "one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use " @@ -6643,7 +6709,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5106 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092 msgid "" "\"Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In " "addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to " @@ -6656,7 +6722,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5117 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5103 msgid "" "\"Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use " "numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along " @@ -6665,19 +6731,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5124 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5110 msgid "" "<quote>Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people " "analyze what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about " "society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making " "that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is " "almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain " -"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the " -"future.</quote>" +"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5133 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5119 msgid "" "Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, " "their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get " @@ -6687,42 +6753,43 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5128 msgid "Knowledge Unlatched" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5134 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that " -"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access " -"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK." +"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. " +"Founded in 2012 in the UK." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5150 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5141 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(specialized)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5155 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5144 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5158 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5147 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5152 msgid "" "The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of " "innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded " @@ -6739,7 +6806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5168 msgid "" "Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten " "years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence " @@ -6748,7 +6815,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5189 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5175 msgid "" "Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda " "and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a " @@ -6757,58 +6824,57 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5195 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5181 msgid "" "In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the " "United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of " "the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by " -"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license " -"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or " -"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest " -"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be " -"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no " -"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to " -"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print " -"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances " -"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts " -"as a marketing vehicle for the print format." +"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-" +"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-" +"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is " +"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the " +"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the " +"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. " +"Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these " +"books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing " +"that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing " +"vehicle for the print format." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5198 msgid "" "Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: " "1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the " "printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform " -"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream " -"model</quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an " -"ice cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." +"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the <quote>ice cream model</" +"quote>: the free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice " +"cream cone, and the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5207 msgid "" "After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get " "libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re " "ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the " "first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed " -"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and " -"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." +"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-" +"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5216 msgid "" "This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access " "journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to " -"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a " -"<quote>book-processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world " -"with an open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons " -"license." +"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a <quote>book-" +"processing charge</quote>—and providing everyone in the world with an open-" +"access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5224 msgid "" "This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it " "but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was " @@ -6821,35 +6887,35 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5249 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5235 msgid "" "She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: " "Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5256 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5242 msgid "" "Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via " "Knowledge Unlatched." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5262 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5248 msgid "" "Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as " "collections (as they do from library suppliers now)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5268 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5254 msgid "" "Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be " "purchased at the stated price(s)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5274 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5260 msgid "" "The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge " "Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing " @@ -6858,7 +6924,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5283 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5269 msgid "" "Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative " "Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is " @@ -6866,21 +6932,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5279 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5290 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5276 msgid "" "Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected " "titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their " -"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5298 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5284 msgid "" "The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight " "current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being " @@ -6892,14 +6958,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5309 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5295 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-" +"availability-1/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5294 msgid "" "The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are " "still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books " @@ -6913,7 +6979,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5319 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5305 msgid "" "There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost " "incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the " @@ -6926,7 +6992,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5331 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317 msgid "" "The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from " "twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the " @@ -6942,7 +7008,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5332 msgid "" "The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and " "commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit " @@ -6950,7 +7016,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5338 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, " "mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred " @@ -6962,7 +7028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5348 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second " "half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to " @@ -6970,7 +7036,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5367 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5353 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of " "book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also " @@ -6978,24 +7044,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5359 msgid "" "The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is " -"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 " -"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in " -"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three " -"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the " -"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second " -"round, it took one month to get twenty-six." +"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 range. " +"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past " +"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That " +"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, " +"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it " +"took one month to get twenty-six." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5376 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5383 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5369 msgid "" "Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties " "range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the " @@ -7003,12 +7070,12 @@ msgid "" "increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many " "more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, " "you can find interviews with the twenty-eight round-one authors describing " -"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5379 msgid "" "Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation " "of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic " @@ -7020,7 +7087,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5390 msgid "" "Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of " "the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph " @@ -7030,7 +7097,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5412 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5398 msgid "" "Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment " "with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would " @@ -7044,27 +7111,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411 msgid "" "For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for " "monographs is a win-win-win." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5415 msgid "" -"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by " -"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is " -"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service " -"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans " -"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs " -"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, " -"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and " -"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books." +"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. " +"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. " +"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that " +"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up " +"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are " +"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched " +"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include " +"unlatching journals and older books." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5426 msgid "" "Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of " "valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, " @@ -7077,72 +7144,72 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5452 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5438 msgid "Lumen Learning" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5455 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5444 msgid "" "Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use " "open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5460 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5449 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5451 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, grant funding" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5465 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5454 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5457 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim " "Thanos, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5482 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5468 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5476 -msgid "" -"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and " -"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to " -"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making " -"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational " -"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called " -"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across " -"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to " -"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to " -"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the " -"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and " -"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with " -"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than " -"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It " -"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had " -"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill " -"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5462 +msgid "" +"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-" +"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving " +"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more " +"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, " +"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope " +"Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It involved " +"a set of fully open general-education courses across eight colleges " +"predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce " +"textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to help students " +"succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the required " +"textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and average student-" +"success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with previous years. " +"After a second round of funding, a total of more than twenty-five " +"institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It was career " +"changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had on low-" +"income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill and " +"Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their " "work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create " "Lumen Learning." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5499 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5485 msgid "" "David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or " "for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the " @@ -7154,7 +7221,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5509 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5495 msgid "" "But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay " "for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control " @@ -7165,7 +7232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504 msgid "" "Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to " "help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are " @@ -7175,49 +7242,48 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5526 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5512 msgid "" "Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was " "complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process " "patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and " "offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead " -"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf " -"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good " -"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving " -"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they " -"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in " -"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and " -"universities—" +"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. " +"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing " +"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged " +"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what " +"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is " +"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5542 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5528 msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5534 msgid "" "provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER " "course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5555 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5541 msgid "" "measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, " "persistence, and course completion; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5547 msgid "" "collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on " "student success research." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5553 msgid "" "Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in " "more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available " @@ -7227,7 +7293,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5575 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5561 msgid "" "Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, " "which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the " @@ -7237,17 +7303,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5583 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5569 msgid "" "A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds " "personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, " "and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who " -"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled " -"student." +"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5590 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576 msgid "" "The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and " "support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development " @@ -7258,7 +7323,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5585 msgid "" "Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services " "on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the " @@ -7270,13 +7335,13 @@ msgid "" "those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not " "put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in " "technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights " -"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a " -"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has " -"generated immense goodwill in the community." +"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-" +"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense " +"goodwill in the community." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5616 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5602 msgid "" "In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution " "Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works " @@ -7289,7 +7354,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5613 msgid "" "Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The " "open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, " @@ -7302,7 +7367,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5638 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5624 msgid "" "Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix " "differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place " @@ -7312,20 +7377,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5646 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5632 msgid "" "Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every " "course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet " -"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as " -"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the " -"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students " -"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the " -"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up " -"at the end of each page." +"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-" +"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the " +"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a " +"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and " +"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of " +"each page." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5643 msgid "" "Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led " "to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and " @@ -7335,22 +7400,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5651 msgid "" "To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be " "proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different " "regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the " "system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is " -"the Virginia community college system, which is building out " -"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar " -"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its " -"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on " -"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number " -"of students." +"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. " +"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-level " +"activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where there are " +"projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, they " +"prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5664 msgid "" "As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core " "nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative " @@ -7362,7 +7426,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5688 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5674 msgid "" "Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and " "nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: " @@ -7374,7 +7438,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5698 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5684 msgid "" "In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even " "institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources " @@ -7385,7 +7449,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5693 msgid "" "Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They " "proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their " @@ -7398,7 +7462,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5718 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5704 msgid "" "Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For " "David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds " @@ -7409,7 +7473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5713 msgid "" "Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving " "more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right " @@ -7418,21 +7482,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5733 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719 msgid "" "As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, " -"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than " -"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up " -"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, " -"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted " -"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 " -"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with " -"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding " -"with revenue." +"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-" +"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding " +"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the " +"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment " +"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant " +"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. " +"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5731 msgid "" "In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions " "they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For " @@ -7444,26 +7507,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5742 msgid "Jonathan Mann" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5748 msgid "" "Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the " "<quote>Song A Day</quote> guy. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5762 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5751 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink " -"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink url=\"http://" +"jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5765 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5754 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for " @@ -7471,26 +7534,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5759 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5764 msgid "" -"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as " -"<quote>hustling</quote>—seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make " -"money. The bulk of his income comes from writing songs under commission for " -"people and companies, but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has " -"supporters on the crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue " -"from YouTube and Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid " -"speaking engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by " -"major conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " +"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as <quote>hustling</quote>—" +"seizing nearly every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his " +"income comes from writing songs under commission for people and companies, " +"but he has a wide variety of income sources. He has supporters on the " +"crowdfunding site Patreon. He gets advertising revenue from YouTube and " +"Bandcamp, where he posts all of his music. He gives paid speaking " +"engagements about creativity and motivation. He has been hired by major " +"conferences to write songs summarizing what speakers have said in the " "conference sessions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5790 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5776 msgid "" "His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action " "quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, " @@ -7503,7 +7566,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5801 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5787 msgid "" "Jonathan’s successful <quote>hustling</quote> is also about old-fashioned " "persistence. He is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song " @@ -7512,7 +7575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5794 msgid "" "He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend " "alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are " @@ -7524,14 +7587,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5804 msgid "" "He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided " "to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has " "written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since " "he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired " -"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that " -"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " +"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. " +"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at " "least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are " "extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend " "announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan " @@ -7541,7 +7604,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5820 msgid "" "Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the " "beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide " @@ -7552,7 +7615,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5843 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5829 msgid "" "His website explains his gig as <quote>taking any message, from the super " "simple to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a " @@ -7563,18 +7626,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5852 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5838 msgid "" "Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, " "but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he " "discovered the option. <quote>CC seems like such a no-brainer,</quote> " -"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make " -"sense. It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to " -"be able to be shared.</quote>" +"Jonathan said. <quote>I don’t understand how anything else would make sense. " +"It seems like such an obvious thing that you would want your work to be able " +"to be shared.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5847 msgid "" "His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the " "further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the " @@ -7586,17 +7649,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5871 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5857 msgid "" "There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would " "never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to " "build community. <quote>There is all of this conventional wisdom about how " -"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of " -"that,</quote> Jonathan said." +"to build an audience online, and I generally think I don’t do any of that,</" +"quote> Jonathan said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5864 msgid "" "He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his " "major focus. <quote>I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a " @@ -7608,21 +7671,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5888 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5874 msgid "" -"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those " -"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift " -"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " +"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. " +"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for " +"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to " "music. In his song <quote>How to Choose a Master Password,</quote> Jonathan " -"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple " -"song. He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long " -"technical blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and " -"rare) journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " +"explained the process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. " +"He was hired to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical " +"blog post from which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) " +"journalist, he translated the technical concepts into something " "understandable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5886 msgid "" "When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a " "list of talking points and other information they want to include in the " @@ -7639,7 +7702,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5916 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5902 msgid "" "Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music " "he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his " @@ -7648,32 +7711,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5909 msgid "" "Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he " "does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he " "fundamentally does not believe in, and there are times he has turned down " -"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural " -"style. <quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who " -"want something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do " -"very easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " +"jobs on principle. He also won’t stray too much from his natural style. " +"<quote>My style is silly, so I can’t really accommodate people who want " +"something super serious,</quote> Jonathan said. <quote>I do what I do very " +"easily, and it’s part of who I am.</quote> Jonathan hasn’t gotten into " "writing commercials for the same reasons; he is best at using his own unique " "style rather than mimicking others." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921 msgid "" -"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and " -"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in " -"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely " -"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can " -"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is " -"a living embodiment of these principles." +"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. " +"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books " +"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes " +"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the " +"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living " +"embodiment of these principles." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5930 msgid "" "When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day " "process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as " @@ -7683,7 +7746,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5937 msgid "" "Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is " "constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work " @@ -7693,7 +7756,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5944 msgid "" "<quote>Success feels like it’s over,</quote> he said. <quote>To a certain " "extent, a creative person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied " @@ -7701,12 +7764,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5965 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5951 msgid "Noun Project" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5968 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5957 msgid "" "The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to " "display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in " @@ -7714,29 +7777,30 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5962 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee, charging for custom services" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5978 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5967 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5970 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5989 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5975 msgid "" "The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who " "use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, " @@ -7744,7 +7808,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5994 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5980 msgid "" "The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman " "while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot " @@ -7755,7 +7819,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5988 msgid "" "When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of " "presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for " @@ -7765,7 +7829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5996 msgid "" "With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website " "and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and " @@ -7775,48 +7839,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6007 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-" +"collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6018 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6004 msgid "" "Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge " "catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya " "launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter " "was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought " -"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their " -"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over " -"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much " -"bigger." +"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their idea. " +"Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over $14,000. " +"They realized their idea had the potential to be something much bigger." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6027 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6013 msgid "" "They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and " "Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a " "process he describes as a relatively easy sell. Lots of designers have old " -"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard " -"drives. It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." +"drawings just gathering <quote>digital dust</quote> on their hard drives. " +"It’s easy to convince them to finally share them with the world." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6035 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021 msgid "" "The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around " -"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s " -"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its " -"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback " -"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the " -"relationship they have with their global community of designers." +"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-" +"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. " +"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they " +"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they " +"have with their global community of designers." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6044 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6030 msgid "" "Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; " "this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of " @@ -7825,7 +7888,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6037 msgid "" "Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing " "some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between " @@ -7840,7 +7903,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6065 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6051 msgid "" "Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved " "significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the " @@ -7853,7 +7916,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6076 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6062 msgid "" "They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to " "receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a " @@ -7863,7 +7926,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6069 msgid "" "The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving " "attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a " @@ -7872,14 +7935,14 @@ msgid "" "users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many " "similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one " "they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby " -"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly " -"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says " -"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good " -"for the platform." +"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. " +"This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says this " +"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for " +"the platform." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6083 msgid "" "Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), " "which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed " @@ -7894,15 +7957,15 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6097 msgid "" -"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For " -"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " +"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-" +"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 " "percent to Noun Project." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6116 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6102 msgid "" "The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is " "split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from " @@ -7915,12 +7978,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6128 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6200 -msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6114 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6186 +msgid "" +"<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6113 msgid "" "The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty " "structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over " @@ -7929,7 +7994,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6118 msgid "" "For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job " "but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for " @@ -7938,7 +8003,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6125 msgid "" "Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can " "use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also " @@ -7953,7 +8018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6139 msgid "" "The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage " "of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are " @@ -7963,7 +8028,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6160 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6146 msgid "" "For Edward, <quote>creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual " "language</quote> is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their " @@ -7972,7 +8037,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6166 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6152 msgid "" "Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the " "Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the " @@ -7983,16 +8048,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6175 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6161 msgid "" "In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing " "and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission " -"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and " -"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." +"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. " +"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6182 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6168 msgid "" "Edward told us, <quote>Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate " "community around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat " @@ -8004,7 +8069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6192 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6178 msgid "" "The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a " "personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and " @@ -8013,7 +8078,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6199 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6185 msgid "" "The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for " "icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a " @@ -8025,7 +8090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6194 msgid "" "Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their " "customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid " @@ -8037,12 +8102,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6219 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6205 msgid "Open Data Institute" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6211 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, " "and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 " @@ -8050,34 +8115,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6227 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6216 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6218 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government " "funding, charging for custom services, donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6221 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6224 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical " "director" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6243 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6229 msgid "" -"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the " -"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " +"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-" +"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, " "consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are " "central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY " "(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the " @@ -8086,21 +8151,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6253 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6239 msgid "" -"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of " -"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight " -"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local " -"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and " -"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data " -"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can " -"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target " -"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better " -"understanding what is happening around them." +"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. " +"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data " +"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing " +"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but " +"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a " +"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help " +"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It " +"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is " +"happening around them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6251 msgid "" "The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its " "vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be " @@ -8110,50 +8175,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6261 msgid "" "demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data " "policies affect this;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6281 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6267 msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6287 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6273 msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6278 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6." +"cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6278 msgid "" -"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder type=\"footnote" +"\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6283 msgid "" "ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and " "defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it " "this way: <quote>There is a whole ecosystem of open—open-source software, " "open government, open-access research—and a whole ecosystem of data. ODI’s " -"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open " -"data.</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for " -"revenue." +"work cuts across both, with an emphasis on where they overlap—with open data." +"</quote> ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6293 msgid "" "As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from " "the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in " @@ -8163,7 +8227,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6315 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6301 msgid "" "Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the " "UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets " @@ -8173,7 +8237,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6322 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6308 msgid "" "ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government " "and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and " @@ -8183,34 +8247,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6330 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316 msgid "" "On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, " "and advisory services." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6345 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6331 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://directory.theodi.org/members\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6320 msgid "" "You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual " -"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to " -"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount " -"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an " -"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into " -"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, " -"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " +"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. " +"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on " +"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-" +"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two " +"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and " +"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial " "members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the " "benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members " "are listed on their website.)<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6334 msgid "" "ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can " "enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented " @@ -8225,18 +8289,18 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6362 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6348 msgid "" -"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more " -"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship " -"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of " -"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills " -"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The " -"training tends to generate high interest and commitment." +"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. " +"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an " +"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data " +"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by " +"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training " +"tends to generate high interest and commitment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6371 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6357 msgid "" "Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where " "curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members " @@ -8246,7 +8310,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6365 msgid "" "In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to " "help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, " @@ -8257,12 +8321,13 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 -msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6374 +msgid "" +"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6380 msgid "" "Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to " "get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue " @@ -8270,7 +8335,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6402 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388 msgid "" "Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate " "very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI " @@ -8280,7 +8345,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6411 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6397 msgid "" "Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI " "cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a " @@ -8289,40 +8354,38 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6420 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6406 msgid "" -"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United " -"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors " -"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s " -"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic " -"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international " -"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI " -"<quote>nodes.</quote>" +"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. " +"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over " +"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data " +"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were " +"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which " +"prompted a need to set up international ODI <quote>nodes.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6415 msgid "" "Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by " "existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally " "but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set " "of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and " "deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and " -"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the " -"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI " -"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the " -"brand." +"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. " +"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes " +"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6443 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6429 msgid "" -"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink " -"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink url=" +"\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6441 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6427 msgid "" "ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop " "a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, " @@ -8330,34 +8393,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6433 msgid "" -"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community " -"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and " -"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and " -"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders " -"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time " -"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." +"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. " +"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up " +"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In " +"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For " +"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to " +"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6442 msgid "" "ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the " "legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is " "of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a " "globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, " -"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6464 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6450 msgid "" "Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through " "research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open " @@ -8366,7 +8429,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6470 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6456 msgid "" "Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC " "BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data " @@ -8375,26 +8438,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6463 msgid "" "For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any " "software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and " "publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is " -"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with " -"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open " -"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that " -"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not " -"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have " -"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " +"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. " +"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is " +"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is " +"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely " +"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI " +"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; " "people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they " "use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish " -"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they " -"offer. According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that " -"it is completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" +"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. " +"According to Jeni, <quote>The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is " +"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6481 msgid "" "To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on " "investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here " @@ -8402,7 +8465,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6489 msgid "" "Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, " "competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI " @@ -8411,46 +8474,46 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6511 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6497 msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6517 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6503 msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6508 msgid "" "Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: " "2.2 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6528 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6514 msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6534 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6520 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://dashboards.theodi.org/company/all\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6533 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6519 msgid "" "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: " "5,080<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6526 msgid "OpenDesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532 msgid "" "Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects " "furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who " @@ -8458,31 +8521,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6549 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6538 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6540 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8971 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction " "fee" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6543 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6546 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and " "Joni Steiner, cofounders" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6565 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6551 msgid "" "Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the " "world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who " @@ -8491,26 +8555,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557 msgid "" "Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as " "architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint " "Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring " "digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to " -"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical " -"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also " -"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but " -"not the goods.</quote> They created the design using software, put it under " -"an open license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was " -"the start of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open " -"project dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions " -"around the same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, " -"with Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit " -"company." +"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. " +"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. " +"As they put it, they decided to <quote>ship the recipe, but not the goods.</" +"quote> They created the design using software, put it under an open license, " +"and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the " +"idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to " +"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The " +"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a " +"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6588 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6574 msgid "" "When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions " "about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a " @@ -8519,20 +8582,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6595 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6581 msgid "" "And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in " "the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business " -"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing " -"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of " -"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital " -"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still " -"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the " -"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons." +"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. " +"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design " +"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing " +"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold " +"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel " +"and settled on using Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6606 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6592 msgid "" "When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, " "anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be " @@ -8542,7 +8605,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6613 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6599 msgid "" "They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, " "allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices " @@ -8550,7 +8613,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6604 msgid "" "In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t " "demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative " @@ -8560,22 +8623,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6630 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6616 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6612 msgid "" "For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They " "understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick " "and Joni called <quote>reputational glow.</quote> And Opendesk does an " -"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"awesome job profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6633 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6619 msgid "" "While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern " "that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, " @@ -8584,25 +8646,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6626 msgid "" "Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for " "noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can " "buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s " "network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers " -"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a " -"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that " -"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the " -"design file." +"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-" +"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes " +"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6643 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6636 msgid "" "Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for " "local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni " @@ -8610,12 +8671,12 @@ msgid "" "because we built a site where people could write in about their " "capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is " "how we have moved forward.</quote> Opendesk now has relationships with " -"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"hundreds of makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6660 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6646 msgid "" "The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model " "builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s " @@ -8623,14 +8684,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6665 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6651 msgid "" "When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, " "they pay:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6671 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6657 msgid "" "the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour " "costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs " @@ -8638,14 +8699,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6678 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6664 msgid "" "a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer " "every time their design is used)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6684 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6670 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure " "and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our " @@ -8653,23 +8714,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6677 msgid "" "a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the " -"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to " -"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own " -"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" +"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-" +"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this " +"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6700 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6686 msgid "" "a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the " "maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6693 msgid "" "charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site " "assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be " @@ -8678,24 +8739,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6702 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701 msgid "" -"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6707 msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6710 msgid "" "When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a " "transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, " @@ -8708,34 +8769,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6723 msgid "" "manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the " "maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6744 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6730 msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6749 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6735 msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6740 msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6759 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6745 msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750 msgid "" "Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to " "Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 " @@ -8743,7 +8804,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6770 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6756 msgid "" "The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii " "published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His " @@ -8753,7 +8814,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6778 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6764 msgid "" "To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a " "very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, " @@ -8764,17 +8825,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6787 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6773 msgid "" -"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open " -"making</quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers " -"get profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " -"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to " -"mass-production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" +"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as <quote>open making</" +"quote>: <quote>Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get " +"profitable jobs and new customers. You get designer products without the " +"designer price tag, a more social, eco-friendly alternative to mass-" +"production and an affordable way to buy custom-made products.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6795 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6781 msgid "" "Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a " "known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a " @@ -8784,12 +8845,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6808 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6794 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6789 msgid "" "Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve " "Opendesk and the <quote>open making</quote> business model. They’re " @@ -8801,7 +8862,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6812 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6798 msgid "" "Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and " "commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could " @@ -8811,29 +8872,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6806 msgid "" "Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers " "commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6824 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6810 msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6829 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6815 msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820 msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6839 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6825 msgid "" "It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk " "yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary " @@ -8841,28 +8902,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6833 msgid "" "you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC " "machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6840 msgid "" "you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational " "purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6861 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6847 msgid "" "you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees " "at a fab lab or maker space" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6867 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6853 msgid "" "Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick " "and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators " @@ -8870,12 +8931,12 @@ msgid "" "replace some of the thorny legal issues. In their business model, Nick and " "Joni are trying to suspend the focus on IP and build an open business model " "that works for all stakeholders—designers, channels, manufacturers, and " -"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off " -"<quote>open,</quote> not IP." +"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off <quote>open,</" +"quote> not IP." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6864 msgid "" "The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes " "the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to " @@ -8885,67 +8946,66 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6871 msgid "" "As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been " "built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe " -"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in " -"people." +"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6892 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6878 msgid "OpenStax" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6884 msgid "" "OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for " -"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement " -"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S." +"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. " +"Founded in 2012 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6889 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6902 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6891 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging " "for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6906 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6895 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6909 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6898 msgid "" -"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, " -"editor-in-chief" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, editor-in-" +"chief" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6917 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6903 msgid "" "OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started " "in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of " -"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, " -"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " +"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. " +"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, " "Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and " -"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and " -"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s " -"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with " -"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." +"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. " +"Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best " +"libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative " +"Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6915 msgid "" "In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways " "to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began " @@ -8958,7 +9018,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6940 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6926 msgid "" "David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of " "publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, " @@ -8972,27 +9032,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6958 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6944 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-" +"OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6938 msgid "" "In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing " "high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for " "free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the " "nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that " "proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they " -"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales " -"rapidly. All with no sales force!" +"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales rapidly. All " +"with no sales force!" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6948 msgid "" "OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook " "is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical " @@ -9003,7 +9063,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6971 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6957 msgid "" "Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks " "with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire " @@ -9013,7 +9073,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6965 msgid "" "Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, " "or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental " @@ -9022,22 +9082,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6976 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6986 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6972 msgid "" "Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education " "through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings " "calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps " -"a running list of institutions that have adopted their " -"textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6993 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6979 msgid "" "Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling " "intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has " @@ -9046,20 +9106,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6985 msgid "" "Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is " -"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on " -"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora " -"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and " -"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield " -"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To " -"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going " -"to require philanthropic investment." +"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. " +"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, " +"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, " +"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. " +"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and " +"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic " +"investment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7010 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6996 msgid "" "However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead " "on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a " @@ -9071,33 +9131,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7020 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7006 msgid "" "Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive " "learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote " -"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to " -"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the " -"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has " -"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to " -"Sociology 2e, using these funds." +"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. " +"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they " +"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already " +"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, " +"using these funds." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7030 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7016 msgid "" -"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak " -"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing " -"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting " -"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no " -"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still " -"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving " -"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax " -"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their " -"materials." +"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. " +"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, " +"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what " +"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can " +"provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students " +"money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but " +"through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; " +"partners are out there showcasing their materials." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7042 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7028 msgid "" "OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and " "is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, " @@ -9107,7 +9166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7036 msgid "" "While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want " "a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, " @@ -9119,12 +9178,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7060 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7046 msgid "" "Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax " "collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores " -"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the " -"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " +"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. " +"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a " "traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes " "students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to " "buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the " @@ -9134,7 +9193,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7059 msgid "" "David thinks of the OpenStax model as <quote>OER 2.0.</quote> So what is OER " "1.0? Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally " @@ -9145,7 +9204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7067 msgid "" "OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level " "right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays " @@ -9159,7 +9218,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7094 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7080 msgid "" "The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and " "sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the " @@ -9178,31 +9237,31 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7112 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7098 msgid "" "All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on " -"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an " -"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author " -"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is " -"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of " -"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them " -"and they earn all the money up front." +"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-" +"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might " +"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only " +"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all " +"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and " +"they earn all the money up front." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7122 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7108 msgid "" "David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the <quote>innovation " "license.</quote> It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use " "their textbooks in innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It " "frees up the whole market and has been central to OpenStax being able to " -"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their " -"materials. By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control " -"and academic freedom." +"bring on partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. " +"By enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic " +"freedom." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7132 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7118 msgid "" "Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional " "publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others " @@ -9214,35 +9273,34 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7142 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7128 msgid "" -"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive " -"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press " -"kit:" +"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. " +"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7149 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7135 msgid "Books published: 23" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7154 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7140 msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7145 msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7164 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7150 msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7156 msgid "" "Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all " "institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 " @@ -9251,7 +9309,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7179 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7165 msgid "" "While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is " "overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and " @@ -9260,7 +9318,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7186 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7172 msgid "" "OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where " "there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a " @@ -9270,7 +9328,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7194 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7180 msgid "" "Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their " "textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is " @@ -9281,24 +9339,33 @@ msgid "" "an open business model based on Creative Commons, OpenStax is making it " "possible for every student who wants access to education to get it." msgstr "" +"Enfin, pour OpenStax, le succès n’est pas seulement l’adoption de leurs " +"manuels scolaires et les économies des étudiants. Il y a un aspect humain à " +"leur travail qui est difficile à quantifier mais incroyablement important. " +"Ils reçoivent des courriels d’étudiants leur disant à quel point OpenStax " +"leur a évité de faire des choix difficiles comme acheter à manger ou un " +"manuel scolaire. OpenStax aimerait aussi évaluer l’impact que leurs manuels " +"ont sur l’efficacité, la persévérance et l’achèvement de l’apprentissage. En " +"créant un modèle économique ouvert basé sur Creative Commons, OpenStax rend " +"possible à chaque étudiant·e qui le veut d’accéder à une éducation." #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7207 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7193 msgid "Amanda Palmer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7199 msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7214 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7203 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding " "(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book " @@ -9307,49 +9374,49 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7210 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7232 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7218 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/" +"amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-" +"swift/#44e20ce46d67\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7229 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7215 msgid "" "Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls " "a <quote>journey with no roadmap,</quote> continually experimenting to find " -"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"0\"/>" +"new ways to sustain her creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7235 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7221 msgid "" "In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what " -"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot " -". . . in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the " -"reverberations of their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living " -"doing that.</quote>" +"she has been and continues to strive for—<quote>the ideal sweet spot . . . " +"in which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of " +"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7242 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7228 msgid "" "While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, " "Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the " "digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. <quote>On " -"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda " -"said. <quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering " -"how to make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" +"the one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,</quote> Amanda said. " +"<quote>On the other, you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to " +"make money to buy food so we can make more art.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7237 msgid "" "Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up " "in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk " @@ -9365,7 +9432,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7251 msgid "" "Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career " "remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach <quote>her " @@ -9378,7 +9445,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7276 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7262 msgid "" "After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with " "different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public " @@ -9392,7 +9459,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7288 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274 msgid "" "Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific " "projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base " @@ -9406,7 +9473,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7300 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286 msgid "" "Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing " "undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her " @@ -9414,18 +9481,18 @@ msgid "" "before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used " "to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music " "for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it " -"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a " -"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign " -"that contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to " -"someone later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette " -"ad,</quote> Amanda said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the " -"licenses was an easy decision because it gave them a more formal, " -"standardized way of doing what they had been doing all along. The " -"NonCommercial licenses were a natural fit." +"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-" +"form agreement written by Amanda herself. <quote>I made everyone sign that " +"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone " +"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,</quote> Amanda " +"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an " +"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing " +"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a " +"natural fit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7318 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7304 msgid "" "Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art " "of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her " @@ -9435,7 +9502,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7326 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7312 msgid "" "This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is " "motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, " @@ -9447,7 +9514,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7336 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7322 msgid "" "Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this " "sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact " @@ -9455,13 +9522,13 @@ msgid "" "featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in " "the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, " "engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component " -"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to " -"listen. <quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto " -"itself,</quote> Amanda wrote." +"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. " +"<quote>Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,</quote> " +"Amanda wrote." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7348 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7334 msgid "" "Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know " "about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she " @@ -9473,7 +9540,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7357 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7343 msgid "" "<quote>With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking " "palatable and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the " @@ -9484,7 +9551,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7366 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7352 msgid "" "Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps " "on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she " @@ -9496,7 +9563,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7376 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7362 msgid "" "After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, " "she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through " @@ -9508,7 +9575,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7371 msgid "" "<quote>When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of " "you, they become your allies, your family,</quote> she wrote. There really " @@ -9519,7 +9586,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7379 msgid "" "This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every " "creator. <quote>I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of " @@ -9531,7 +9598,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7403 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7389 msgid "" "Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her " "work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing " @@ -9546,66 +9613,67 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7416 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7402 msgid "" "For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain " "this connection. <quote>It sounds so corny,</quote> she said, <quote>but my " -"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious " -"truth—that connection with human beings feels so much better and more " -"fulfilling than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more " -"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is " -"genuinely of value to them.</quote>" +"experience in forty years on this planet has pointed me to an obvious truth—" +"that connection with human beings feels so much better and more fulfilling " +"than approaching art through a capitalist lens. There is no more satisfying " +"end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value " +"to them.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7426 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7412 msgid "" "As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what " "they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music " -"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a " -"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that " -"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her " -"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than " -"forcing people to help her, she lets them." +"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. " +"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from " +"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other " +"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to " +"help her, she lets them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7437 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7423 msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7429 msgid "" "PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of " -"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the " -"U.S." +"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7445 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7434 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7436 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content " "creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7451 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7440 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7453 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7442 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7447 msgid "" "The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading " "scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an " @@ -9615,13 +9683,13 @@ msgid "" "petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael " "announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to " "do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the " -"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new " -"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released " -"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses." +"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-" +"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under " +"Attribution (CC BY) licenses." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7461 msgid "" "Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a " "manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical " @@ -9635,7 +9703,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7486 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7472 msgid "" "For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model " "results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most " @@ -9649,7 +9717,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7498 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7484 msgid "" "That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open " "availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a " @@ -9663,7 +9731,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7510 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7496 msgid "" "However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research " "publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, " @@ -9677,28 +9745,27 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7522 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7508 msgid "" "Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs " "associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article " "that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, " "genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, " -"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to " -"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, " -"are just under $1,500." +"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to $2,900. Article-" +"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under " +"$1,500." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7531 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7517 msgid "" -"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to " -"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for " -"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the " -"article-processing charges." +"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. " +"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and " +"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7523 msgid "" "Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and " "traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily " @@ -9707,27 +9774,27 @@ msgid "" "for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on " "access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s " "open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the " -"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon " -"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on " -"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS " -"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly " -"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this " -"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication." +"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. " +"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to " +"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better " +"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research " +"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors " +"to submit their work for publication." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7554 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7540 msgid "" -"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC " -"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content " -"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " +"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). " +"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and " +"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while " "ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of " "this aligns with how they think research content should be published and " "disseminated." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7548 msgid "" "PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper " "published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public " @@ -9735,7 +9802,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7567 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7553 msgid "" "Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely " "follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the " @@ -9746,7 +9813,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7576 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7562 msgid "" "Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a " "journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that " @@ -9755,7 +9822,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7582 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7568 msgid "" "The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times " "other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to " @@ -9766,7 +9833,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7591 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7577 msgid "" "Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a " "movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now " @@ -9776,7 +9843,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7599 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7585 msgid "" "PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by " "pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched " @@ -9800,7 +9867,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7623 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7609 msgid "" "Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model " "PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could " @@ -9808,7 +9875,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7614 msgid "" "One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as " "journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, " @@ -9817,7 +9884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7635 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7621 msgid "" "Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible " "to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what " @@ -9831,7 +9898,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7647 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633 msgid "" "Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as " "positive results. If journals published more research with negative " @@ -9840,7 +9907,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7654 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7640 msgid "" "Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint " "stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long " @@ -9858,7 +9925,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7658 msgid "" "What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research " "article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and " @@ -9870,17 +9937,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7690 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7676 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7682 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7668 msgid "" "As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more " "information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like " @@ -9889,14 +9956,14 @@ msgid "" "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level " "Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field " "itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and " -"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and " -"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the " -"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " +"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and ratings." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the journal " +"model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user " "experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7695 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7681 msgid "" "The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these " "experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and " @@ -9908,7 +9975,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7691 msgid "" "For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that " "scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, " @@ -9920,7 +9987,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7715 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7701 msgid "" "Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making " "research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of " @@ -9928,24 +9995,24 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7721 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7707 msgid "Rijksmuseum" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713 msgid "" -"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and " -"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" +"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. " +"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7728 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7717 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7730 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7719 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government " "funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling " @@ -9953,19 +10020,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7734 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7723 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7737 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7726 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data " "manager of the collections information department" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7745 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7731 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and " "history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental " @@ -9982,7 +10049,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7747 msgid "" "By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, " "staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized " @@ -9998,7 +10065,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7775 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7761 msgid "" "It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were " "invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having " @@ -10009,28 +10076,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7786 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7772 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7770 msgid "" "Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital " -"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all " -"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October " -"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools " -"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was " -"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their " -"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " +"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder type=" +"\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all across " +"Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October 2010 " +"Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools people " +"could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was the " +"first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their collection " +"and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their " "collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in " "business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more " "discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7798 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7784 msgid "" "They realized that they don’t <quote>own</quote> the collection and couldn’t " "realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing " @@ -10044,7 +10111,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7797 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to " "be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place " @@ -10059,37 +10126,36 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7825 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons " -"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for " -"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define " -"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each " -"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high " -"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the " -"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their " -"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection " -"online." +"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. " +"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete " +"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This " +"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from " +"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started " +"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with " +"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7822 msgid "" -"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of " -"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of " -"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a " -"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more " -"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can " -"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now " -"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million " -"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of " -"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the " -"<quote>Mona Lisa effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that " -"people want to see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." +"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-" +"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s " +"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On " +"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, " +"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be " +"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in " +"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per " +"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. " +"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the <quote>Mona Lisa " +"effect,</quote> where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to " +"see it in real life by visiting the actual museum." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7851 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7837 msgid "" "Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The " "Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of " @@ -10100,7 +10166,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7845 msgid "" "As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital " "representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that " @@ -10115,12 +10181,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7865 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7873 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7859 msgid "" "In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create " "a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In " @@ -10131,7 +10197,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7882 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7868 msgid "" "The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality " "digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom " @@ -10144,7 +10210,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7893 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7879 msgid "" "Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed " "virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to " @@ -10153,12 +10219,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7900 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7886 msgid "" "Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection " -"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the " -"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound " -"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " +"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. " +"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by " +"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a " "Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license " "(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they " "want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available " @@ -10166,62 +10232,62 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7920 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7906 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-" +"kimono-kimono-robe\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7911 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7897 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The " "line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even " -"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his " -"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the " -"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy " -"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " +"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. " +"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in " +"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to " +"inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on " "Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an " "elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The " "Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7924 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7910 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 " "award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; " -"the 2015 award: <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>" +"the 2015 award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-" +"award-2015\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7936 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7922 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-" +"rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7923 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7909 msgid "" "In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design " "competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the " "competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new " "creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten " -"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of " -"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class " -"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the " -"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a " -"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " -"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries " -"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third " -"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." +"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of €10,000. " +"The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class entries. " +"Some award winners end up with their work sold through the Rijksmuseum " +"store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a specific color " +"scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> The " +"Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries range from the fun " +"to the weird to the inspirational. The third international edition of the " +"Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7942 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7928 msgid "" "For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an " "upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced " @@ -10229,7 +10295,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7948 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7934 msgid "" "Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the " "Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection " @@ -10240,7 +10306,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7957 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7943 msgid "" "The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public " "to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day " @@ -10255,7 +10321,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7970 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7956 msgid "" "For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came " "up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things " @@ -10275,41 +10341,42 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7990 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7976 msgid "Shareable" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7993 -msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7982 +msgid "" +"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7997 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7986 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7988 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, " "crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8002 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7991 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7994 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder " "and executive editor" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8013 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7999 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had " "helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they " @@ -10322,7 +10389,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8024 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8010 msgid "" "As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, " "the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in " @@ -10331,37 +10398,36 @@ msgid "" "the real sharing economy like open-source software, participatory budgeting " "(where citizens decide how a public budget is spent), cooperatives, and " "more. He wrote, <quote>It’s not so much that collaborative consumption is " -"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the " -"<quote>Borg.</quote></quote>" +"dead, it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the <quote>Borg.</" +"quote></quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8036 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8022 msgid "" "Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined " "what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be " "around had they chosen differently. <quote>We would have gotten another type " -"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he " -"said. <quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never " -"have been able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting " -"now.</quote>" +"of audience, but it would have spelled the end of us,</quote> he said. " +"<quote>We are a small, mission-driven organization. We would never have been " +"able to weather the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8046 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8032 msgid "" "Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s " "total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story " "because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But " "choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the " -"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s " -"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing " -"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing " -"economy</quote> and continued to grow their audience." +"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. " +"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online " +"magazine became the voice of the <quote>real sharing economy</quote> and " +"continued to grow their audience." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8057 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8043 msgid "" "Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to " "furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable " @@ -10374,7 +10440,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8069 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8055 msgid "" "They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different " "metrics for success. <quote>We wanted to change the notion of what " @@ -10387,39 +10453,39 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8081 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8067 msgid "" "More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that " "are contracted by the magazine. <quote>Particularly in content areas that " -"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the " -"quality,</quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by " -"guest writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their " -"network of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth " -"Alliance, which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a " -"large and growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a " -"chance to present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and " -"promote each other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is " -"licensed with Creative Commons." +"are a priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,</" +"quote> Neal said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest " +"writers, often for free, or written by other publications from their network " +"of content publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, " +"which facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and " +"growing group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to " +"present stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each " +"other’s stories. Much of the content created by the network is licensed " +"with Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8096 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8082 msgid "" "All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution " "license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is " "given to Shareable. Creative Commons licensing is aligned with Shareable’s " "vision, mission, and identity. That alone explains the organization’s " "embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC " -"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC " -"licensing,</quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more " -"people through a formal and informal network of republishers or " -"affiliates. That has definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure " -"the reach of other media properties, but most of the outlets who republish " -"our work have much bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" +"licensing helps them increase their reach. <quote>By using CC licensing,</" +"quote> he said, <quote>we realized we could reach far more people through a " +"formal and informal network of republishers or affiliates. That has " +"definitely been the case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other " +"media properties, but most of the outlets who republish our work have much " +"bigger audiences than we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8111 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8097 msgid "" "In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also " "experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional " @@ -10431,7 +10497,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8121 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8107 msgid "" "In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called " "How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but " @@ -10440,7 +10506,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8114 msgid "" "This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has " "conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by " @@ -10452,7 +10518,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8124 msgid "" "For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is " "true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. <quote>We " @@ -10466,19 +10532,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8151 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8137 msgid "" "In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their " "Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail " -"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for " -"help. The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and " -"start making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " +"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. " +"The advice they received was simple—<quote>Sit your ass in a chair and start " +"making calls.</quote> That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up " "reaching their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new " "people, but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8161 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8147 msgid "" "For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to " "relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the " @@ -10488,14 +10554,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8168 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8154 msgid "" "Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring " "the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach " -"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own " -"events. <quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk " -"and huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel " -"to the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " +"far more people if they helped their readers to host their own events. " +"<quote>If we wanted to go big on a conference, there was a huge risk and " +"huge staffing needs, plus only a fraction of our community could travel to " +"the event,</quote> Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events " "around the globe allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and " "reach far more people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different " "events reaching over twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy " @@ -10506,21 +10572,21 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8171 msgid "" "Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly " -"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a " -"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people " -"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." +"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-" +"size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take " +"the ideas and adapt them to their own communities." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8179 msgid "Siyavula" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8196 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8185 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates " "textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South " @@ -10528,29 +10594,29 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8190 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8203 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8192 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom " "services, sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8206 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8195 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8208 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8197 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8215 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8201 msgid "" "Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner " "and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as " @@ -10560,7 +10626,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8223 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8209 msgid "" "In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, " "Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few " @@ -10569,7 +10635,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8230 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8216 msgid "" "It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the " "University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science " @@ -10579,12 +10645,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8227 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8238 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8224 msgid "" "As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source " "software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software " @@ -10596,7 +10662,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8233 msgid "" "In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the " "textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after " @@ -10606,7 +10672,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8255 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8241 msgid "" "But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his " "focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into " @@ -10615,12 +10681,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8251 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8261 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8247 msgid "" "In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of " "open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One " @@ -10632,7 +10698,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8270 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8256 msgid "" "They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered " "Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for " @@ -10642,7 +10708,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8264 msgid "" "Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through " "communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although " @@ -10651,19 +10717,19 @@ msgid "" "standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of " "course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is " "transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and " -"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a " -"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based " -"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they " -"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions." +"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-" +"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on " +"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to " +"share and free from legal repercussions." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8297 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8283 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8279 msgid "" "Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers " "to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up " @@ -10675,7 +10741,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8301 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8287 msgid "" "Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work " "as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to " @@ -10684,7 +10750,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8308 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8294 msgid "" "Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They " "tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that " @@ -10695,7 +10761,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8302 msgid "" "Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in " "printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and " @@ -10706,7 +10772,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8324 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8310 msgid "" "They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing " "potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South " @@ -10717,7 +10783,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8333 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8319 msgid "" "Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in " "the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well " @@ -10731,7 +10797,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8332 msgid "" "The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it " "accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going " @@ -10740,7 +10806,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8352 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8338 msgid "" "The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was " "an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, " @@ -10751,7 +10817,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8347 msgid "" "Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five " "hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number " @@ -10763,7 +10829,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8370 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8356 msgid "" "At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a " "credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income " @@ -10774,7 +10840,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8365 msgid "" "Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open " "textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, " @@ -10783,7 +10849,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8385 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8371 msgid "" "For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can " "add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are " @@ -10794,10 +10860,10 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8394 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8380 msgid "" -"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale " -"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " +"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. " +"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools " "directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A " "single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including " "practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower " @@ -10807,7 +10873,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8405 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8391 msgid "" "Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an " "entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the " @@ -10818,7 +10884,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8414 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8400 msgid "" "Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially " "increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide " @@ -10828,12 +10894,12 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8411 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8422 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8408 msgid "" "In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula " "produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 " @@ -10843,7 +10909,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8429 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8415 msgid "" "Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help " "fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time " @@ -10855,7 +10921,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8439 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8425 msgid "" "The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the " "government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an " @@ -10866,20 +10932,20 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8447 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8433 msgid "" "Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard " "copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from " "the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to " "provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark " -"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a " -"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent " -"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy " -"negotiation, the government said no." +"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-" +"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for " +"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the " +"government said no." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8458 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8444 msgid "" "Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing " "students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook " @@ -10891,7 +10957,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8468 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8454 msgid "" "Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks " "even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save " @@ -10901,7 +10967,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8476 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8462 msgid "" "Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its " "Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this " @@ -10914,16 +10980,16 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8487 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8473 msgid "" "Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent " -"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The " -"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per " -"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." +"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-" +"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned " +"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8494 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8480 msgid "" "Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These " "include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the " @@ -10933,57 +10999,58 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8502 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8488 msgid "" "Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their " "shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for " "Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open " "license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to " "do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the " -"resources and support they need to achieve the education they " -"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons " -"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " +"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. " +"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means " +"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build " "revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In " "terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the " "block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8518 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8504 msgid "SparkFun" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8521 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8510 msgid "" -"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open " -"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." +"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. " +"Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8525 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8514 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8516 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical " "copies (electronics sales)" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8530 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8519 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 -msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8522 +msgid "" +"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8541 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8527 msgid "" "SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself " "holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, " @@ -10993,7 +11060,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8547 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8533 msgid "" "<quote>Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,</quote> " "Nathan said. <quote>I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a " @@ -11002,7 +11069,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8553 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8539 msgid "" "This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an " "electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the " @@ -11013,7 +11080,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8562 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8548 msgid "" "Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. <quote>It touches on " "our natural human instinct to share,</quote> he said. But he also strongly " @@ -11025,7 +11092,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8571 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8557 msgid "" "<quote>We compete on business principles,</quote> Nathan said. " "<quote>Claiming your territory with intellectual property allows you to get " @@ -11034,7 +11101,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8577 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8563 msgid "" "The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and " "improvement. <quote>Our products are so much better than they were five " @@ -11046,32 +11113,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8587 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8573 msgid "" "SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come " "directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example " "code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts " -"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and " -"support. <quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP " -"[intellectual property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the " -"stuff they should be competing on.</quote>" +"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. " +"<quote>I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP [intellectual " +"property] barriers,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>This is the stuff they " +"should be competing on.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8597 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8583 msgid "" "SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a " "lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized " "there was a void in the market. <quote>If you wanted to place an order for " "something,</quote> he said, <quote>you first had to search far and wide to " "find it, and then you had to call or fax someone.</quote> In 2003, during " -"his third year of college, he registered <ulink " -"url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started reselling products out of his " -"bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own products." +"his third year of college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/" +"> and started reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he " +"started making and selling his own products." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8609 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8595 msgid "" "Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software " "and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some " @@ -11082,7 +11149,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8604 msgid "" "The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 " "employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling " @@ -11093,27 +11160,26 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8627 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8613 msgid "" "SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on " -"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping " -"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to " -"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on " -"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core " -"business." +"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. " +"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create " +"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing " +"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8634 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8620 msgid "" "<quote>We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of " "technical citizens,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Our goal is to affect the " -"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by " -"2020.</quote>" +"lives of three hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8640 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8626 msgid "" "The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is " "central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to " @@ -11126,7 +11192,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8651 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8637 msgid "" "From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at " "SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears " @@ -11138,7 +11204,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8648 msgid "" "The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a " "thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from " @@ -11154,7 +11220,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8676 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8662 msgid "" "Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun " "does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but " @@ -11166,7 +11232,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8672 msgid "" "The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials " "with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another " @@ -11176,7 +11242,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8693 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8679 msgid "" "SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics " "enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s " @@ -11185,12 +11251,12 @@ msgid "" "company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and " "tries to build on them where they can. <quote>From the beginning, we have " "been listening to the community,</quote> Nathan said. <quote>Customers " -"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address " -"it.</quote>" +"would identify a pain point, and we would design something to address it.</" +"quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8705 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8691 msgid "" "However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to " "people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a " @@ -11203,7 +11269,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8716 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8702 msgid "" "Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead " "focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their " @@ -11215,7 +11281,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8712 msgid "" "Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if " "their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes " @@ -11230,51 +11296,51 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8740 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8726 msgid "TeachAIDS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8743 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8732 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to " -"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the " -"U.S." +"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U." +"S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8748 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8737 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8750 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8739 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8752 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8741 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8744 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and " "Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8763 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8749 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue " -"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by " -"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational " -"materials TeachAIDS distributes." +"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. " +"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials " +"TeachAIDS distributes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8769 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8755 msgid "" "But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with " "a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global " @@ -11289,28 +11355,28 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8782 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8768 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a " "salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of " -"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford " -"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next " -"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national " -"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention " -"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were " -"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and " -"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at " -"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous " -"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was " -"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to " -"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the " -"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, " -"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only " -"receiving bits and pieces of information." +"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. " +"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of " +"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring " +"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports " +"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the " +"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. " +"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya " +"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They " +"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and " +"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss " +"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on " +"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and " +"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and " +"pieces of information." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8802 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8788 msgid "" "In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new " "educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help " @@ -11324,7 +11390,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8800 msgid "" "Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the " "endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also " @@ -11332,7 +11398,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8820 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8806 msgid "" "Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing " "the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve " @@ -11340,27 +11406,27 @@ msgid "" "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially " "gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the " "content, and for noncommercial purposes. <quote>We wanted attribution for " -"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting " -"them,</quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It " -"was almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a " -"plug-and-play solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our " -"materials safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and " -"protecting us at the same time.</quote>" +"TeachAIDS, and we couldn’t stand by derivatives without vetting them,</" +"quote> the cofounder and chair Shuman Ghosemajumder said. <quote>It was " +"almost a no-brainer to go with a CC license because it was a plug-and-play " +"solution to this exact problem. It has allowed us to scale our materials " +"safely and quickly worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us " +"at the same time.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8836 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8822 msgid "" "Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an " "outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their " "content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to " -"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating " -"high-quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya " -"said. <quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" +"determine the best method of conveying the information. <quote>Creating high-" +"quality content is what matters most to us,</quote> Piya said. " +"<quote>Research drives everything we do.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8845 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8831 msgid "" "One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes " "from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS " @@ -11371,7 +11437,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8854 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8840 msgid "" "Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way " "TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the " @@ -11387,7 +11453,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8869 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8855 msgid "" "The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base " "is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck " @@ -11395,16 +11461,16 @@ msgid "" "using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate " "volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language " "and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three " -"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master " -"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate " -"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original " -"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version " -"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this " -"cycle eleven times." +"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. " +"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version " +"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. " +"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets " +"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle " +"eleven times." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8885 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8871 msgid "" "TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in " "different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to " @@ -11424,22 +11490,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8905 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8891 msgid "" "Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years " "with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The " -"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and " -"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " +"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-" +"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue " "model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the " -"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an " -"option. <quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just " -"creating their own materials using whatever they could find for free " -"online,</quote> Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our " -"highly effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" +"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. " +"<quote>Educators from various nonprofits around the world were just creating " +"their own materials using whatever they could find for free online,</quote> " +"Shuman said. <quote>The only way to persuade them to use our highly " +"effective model was to make it completely free.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8918 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8904 msgid "" "Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on " "advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let " @@ -11452,19 +11518,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8929 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8915 msgid "" "TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific " "project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to " "the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more " "importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an " "area with no sponsors. <quote>If we just created versions based on where we " -"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier " -"countries,</quote> Shuman said." +"could get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries," +"</quote> Shuman said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8925 msgid "" "As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. <quote>When we go into a new " "country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,</quote> Piya " @@ -11479,7 +11545,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8953 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8939 msgid "" "Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial " "considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, " @@ -11490,23 +11556,23 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8962 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8948 msgid "" -"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving " -"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins " -"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they " -"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale " -"their materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a " -"game changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." +"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education" +"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; " +"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create " +"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their " +"materials worldwide. <quote>The Creative Commons license has been a game " +"changer for TeachAIDS,</quote> Piya said." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8972 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8958 msgid "Tribe of Noise" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8975 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8964 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, " "video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the " @@ -11514,48 +11580,47 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8980 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8969 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8985 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8974 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8988 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8977 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, " "cofounder" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8996 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8982 msgid "" "In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a " "business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an " "online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to " -"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the " -"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of " -"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative " -"Commons." +"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. " +"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open " +"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9005 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8991 msgid "" "In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production " "initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and " -"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold " -"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license " -"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or " -"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights " -"holder was not readily available." +"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. " +"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly " +"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in " +"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not " +"readily available." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9015 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9001 msgid "" "They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five " "or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers " @@ -11567,7 +11632,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9025 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9011 msgid "" "Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had " "to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, " @@ -11577,7 +11642,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9032 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9018 msgid "" "In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred " "musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a " @@ -11587,25 +11652,25 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9047 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9033 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9040 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9026 msgid "" "As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company " "that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed " -"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, " -"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show " -"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They " -"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) " -"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder " -"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-" +"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without " +"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their " +"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the " +"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=" +"\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9050 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9036 msgid "" "In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society " "that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright " @@ -11626,7 +11691,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9057 msgid "" "Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big " "organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of " @@ -11641,23 +11706,22 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9071 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their " "music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ " "share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the " "artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a " -"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their " -"website:" +"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9087 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9093 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9079 msgid "" "A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are " "selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large " @@ -11665,24 +11729,24 @@ msgid "" "contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee " "agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is " "shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, " -"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per " -"month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" +"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per month." +"<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9104 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9090 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In " "a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative " "Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and " "remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons " "licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day " -"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC " -"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." +"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-" +"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9115 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9101 msgid "" "Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and " "separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to " @@ -11695,17 +11759,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9112 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking " "for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state " -"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific " -"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " +"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. " +"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their " "repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9120 msgid "" "Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and " "the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who " @@ -11714,17 +11778,17 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9140 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9126 msgid "" -"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to " -"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing " -"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, " -"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become " -"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." +"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. " +"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the " +"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create " +"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more " +"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9134 msgid "" "Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free " "unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe " @@ -11737,33 +11801,32 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9159 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9145 msgid "" "Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, " "which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client " "specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually " "involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member " "engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening " -"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that " -"need." +"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9169 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9155 msgid "" "Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and " "many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came " "from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of " -"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for " -"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see " -"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the " -"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a " -"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in " -"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." +"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. " +"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little " +"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a " +"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by " +"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with " +"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9181 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9167 msgid "" "It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or " "music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such " @@ -11781,93 +11844,93 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9198 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9184 msgid "" "For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that " "Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been " "translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise " "believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They " "can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who " -"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in " -"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for " -"music, a model that’s based on trust." +"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. " +"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, " +"a model that’s based on trust." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9210 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9196 msgid "Wikimedia Foundation" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9213 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9202 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia " "and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9207 msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9209 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9222 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9211 msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9225 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9214 msgid "" "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief " "Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9234 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9220 msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9237 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9223 msgid "" "In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is " -"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the " -"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of " -"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people " -"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose." +"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. " +"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the " +"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to " +"reuse and adapt it for any purpose." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9245 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9231 msgid "" "As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the " -"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what " -"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." +"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—" +"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9236 msgid "" "The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns " "the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related " "sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two " -"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it " -"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its " -"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about " -"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every " -"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, " -"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a " -"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a " -"particular organization." +"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. " +"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. " +"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five " +"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. " +"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including " +"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular " +"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular " +"organization." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9264 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9250 msgid "" "As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, <quote>There is a common " "saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.</quote> While it " @@ -11876,7 +11939,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9271 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9257 msgid "" "Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a " "unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what " @@ -11887,7 +11950,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9266 msgid "" "The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is " "enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by " @@ -11901,7 +11964,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9292 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9278 msgid "" "The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous " "cocreation. <quote>An encyclopedia is something where incremental community " @@ -11916,15 +11979,15 @@ msgid "" "areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia " "Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community " "is very deliberate. <quote>We look at the things that the community can do " -"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told " -"us. Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the " -"community cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that " -"supports the technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half " -"of the foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." +"well, and we want to let them do those things,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"Instead, the foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community " +"cannot do as effectively, like the software engineering that supports the " +"technical infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the " +"foundation’s budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9302 msgid "" "Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the " "foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to " @@ -11941,7 +12004,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9332 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9318 msgid "" "Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its " "sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of " @@ -11955,14 +12018,14 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9356 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9342 msgid "" -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>" +"<ulink url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-" +"mistakes/\"/>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9344 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9330 msgid "" "Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is " "that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what " @@ -11970,20 +12033,19 @@ msgid "" "every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together " "in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a " "million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes " -"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single " -"explanation. <quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible " -"diversity of motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one " -"editor of the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single " -"grammatical error in articles more than forty-eight thousand " -"times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia " -"users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to " -"Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, some donate images, some donate " -"financially,</quote> Stephen told us. <quote>They are all " -"contributors.</quote>" +"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. " +"<quote>In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of " +"motivations,</quote> Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the " +"English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in " +"articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " +"id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing " +"is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. <quote>Some donate text, " +"some donate images, some donate financially,</quote> Stephen told us. " +"<quote>They are all contributors.</quote>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9363 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9349 msgid "" "But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are " "passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual " @@ -11995,19 +12057,19 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9373 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9359 msgid "" "The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, " "but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in " "Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United " "States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the " "reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is " -"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give " -"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." +"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. " +"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9384 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9370 msgid "" "The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single " "human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to " @@ -12019,7 +12081,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9393 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9379 msgid "" "The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be " "financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is " @@ -12028,7 +12090,7 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9385 msgid "" "Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number " "of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global " @@ -12037,563 +12099,563 @@ msgid "" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406 +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9392 msgid "" "Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great " "public resources. <quote>The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, " -"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public " -"spaces,</quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that " -"open public space.</quote>" +"but it is missing the digital equivalent of parks and open public spaces,</" +"quote> Stephen said. <quote>Wikipedia has found a way to be that open " +"public space.</quote>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9416 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9402 msgid "Bibliography" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9404 msgid "" "Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American " "Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy " "from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9424 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9410 msgid "" "Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving " "Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9429 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9415 msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9432 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9418 msgid "" "Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our " "Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9436 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9422 msgid "" "Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, " "2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9426 msgid "" "Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms " -"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed " -"under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink url=" +"\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed under " +"CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9447 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9433 msgid "" -"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open " -"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-SA)." +"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. " +"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/" +"WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> (licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9453 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9439 msgid "" "Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper " "commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy " -"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." +"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-" +"transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9445 msgid "" -"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the " -"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." +"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. " +"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9449 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the " -"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through " -"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop " -"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " -"<ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. " -"For more information, see <ulink " -"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." +"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-" +"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in " +"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. " +"<ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-" +"pdf\"/>. For more information, see <ulink url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/" +"democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9473 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9459 msgid "" "Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World " "Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9477 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9463 msgid "" "Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of " "Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9481 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9467 msgid "" "Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New " "Haven: Yale University Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9484 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9470 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC " "BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9488 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9474 msgid "" "Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in " "Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9479 msgid "" "Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation " "Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9483 msgid "" "———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from " "Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9501 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9487 msgid "" "City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City " "for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov " "(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, " -"2014). <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." +"2014). <ulink url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-" +"Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-" +"regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9494 msgid "" "Cole, Daniel H. <quote>Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the " "Natural Commons for the Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 2 in Frischmann, " "Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9513 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9499 msgid "" "Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative " "Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9504 msgid "" "Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet " "Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9508 msgid "" "Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. <quote>The Sharing Economy Isn’t about " "Sharing at All.</quote> Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>." +"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/" +">." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9528 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9514 msgid "" "Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: " "Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University " -"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink " -"url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"of Regina Press, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-" +"Knowledge\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9535 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9521 msgid "" -"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan " -"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014." +"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. " +"New York: Portfolio, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9539 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9525 msgid "" "Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. <quote>The Economics of Information in " "a Post-Carbon Economy.</quote> Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free " "Knowledge." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9544 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9530 msgid "" "Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. <quote>Ten " "Nonprofit Funding Models.</quote> Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring " -"2009. <ulink " -"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." +"2009. <ulink url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/" +"ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9536 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared " -"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." +"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. " +"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9540 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, " -"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. " +"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9559 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9545 msgid "" -"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. " -"Strandburg. <quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in " -"Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." +"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. " +"<quote>Governing Knowledge Commons.</quote> Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, " +"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9564 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550 msgid "" "Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with " "new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9568 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554 msgid "" "Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New " "York: Viking, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9558 msgid "" "Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity " "and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9562 msgid "" "Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the " "Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9581 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9567 msgid "" "Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: " "Doubleday Canada, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9585 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9571 msgid "" "Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: " "Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9589 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9575 msgid "" "———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage " "Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9593 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9579 msgid "" "Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential " "within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9597 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9583 msgid "" "Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; " "Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9602 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9588 msgid "" "Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get " "Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9592 msgid "" -"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being " -"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012." +"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. " +"New York: Workman, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596 msgid "" "Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New " "York: Morgan James, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9600 msgid "" "Lee, David. <quote>Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the " -"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>" +"Internet.</quote> BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www.bbc.com/" +"news/technology-35709680\"/>" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9619 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9605 msgid "" "Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid " "Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9609 msgid "" "Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and " "Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9627 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9613 msgid "" "Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus " "and Giroux, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9631 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9617 msgid "" "New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do " "People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. " "<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9637 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9623 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, " "NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink " "url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9643 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9629 msgid "" "Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value " "Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the " -"book is available at <ulink " -"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>." +"book is available at <ulink url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-" +"proposition-design\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9649 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9635 msgid "" "Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let " "People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9639 msgid "" "Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make " "Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are " -"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " +"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> " "(licensed under CC BY-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9661 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9647 msgid "" "Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, " -"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> " -"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink url=\"http://www." +"academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> (licensed " +"under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9653 msgid "" "Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open " "Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly " -"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink " -"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." +"Media, 2001. See esp. <quote>The Magic Cauldron.</quote> <ulink url=\"http://" +"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659 msgid "" "Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous " "Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown " "Business, 2011." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9664 msgid "" "Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the " "Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave " "Macmillan, 2014." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683 -msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9669 +msgid "" +"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9687 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673 msgid "" "Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the " "Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9691 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9677 msgid "" "Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New " "York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9695 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9681 msgid "" "Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into " "Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9699 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685 msgid "" "Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR " "Books, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9703 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9689 msgid "" -"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing " -"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." +"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. " +"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9707 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9693 msgid "" "Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: " "Ikigai Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697 msgid "" "Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a " "Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9715 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9701 msgid "" "Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise " "of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9719 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705 msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9723 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9709 msgid "" "Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology " "Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: " "Portfolio, 2016." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9728 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9714 msgid "" "Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark " "Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9732 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9718 msgid "" "Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: " "University of Chicago Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9722 msgid "" "Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open " "Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, " "with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for " -"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink " -"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." +"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink url=\"http://" +"opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9744 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9730 msgid "" "Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society " -"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink " -"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." +"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink url=" +"\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9750 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9736 msgid "" "Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink " -"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC " -"BY-NC-ND)." +"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC BY-" +"NC-ND)." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9741 msgid "" -"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and " -"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." +"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. " +"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9746 msgid "Acknowledgments" -msgstr "" +msgstr "Remerciements" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9748 msgid "" "We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative " "Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for " @@ -12602,16 +12664,16 @@ msgid "" "this project." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9769 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9755 msgid "" "Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for " "sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for " "the inspiration." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9760 msgid "" "We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this " "book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium " @@ -12620,17 +12682,22 @@ msgid "" "visit your sites and explore your work." msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9782 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9768 msgid "" "This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter " -"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter " -"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable " -"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you." +"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-" +"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. " +"Heartfelt thanks to all of you." msgstr "" +"Ce livre a été rendu possible par les généreux 1 687 soutiens de Kickstarter " +"énumérés ci-dessous. Nous remercions tout particulièrement nos nombreux co-" +"rédacteurs de Kickstarter qui ont lu les premières ébauches de notre travail " +"et nous ont fait part de leurs précieux commentaires. Nous vous remercions " +"tous sincèrement." -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9788 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9774 msgid "" "Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham " "Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, " @@ -12678,8 +12745,8 @@ msgid "" "Yancey Strickler" msgstr "" -#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> -#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9839 +#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> +#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9825 msgid "" "All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron " "C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " @@ -12765,33 +12832,33 @@ msgid "" "Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David " "Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah " "Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek " -"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane " -"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La " -"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, " -"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, " -"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique " -"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, " -"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, " -"Dr. Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C " -"Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo " -"Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, " -"Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie " -"Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli " -"Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique " -"Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric " -"Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, " -"Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan " -"Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan " -"Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton " -"Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix " -"Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe " -"Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, " -"Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot " -"Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois " -"Grey, François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, " -"Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel " -"Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, " -"Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " +"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. " +"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, " +"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk " +"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom " +"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, " +"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, " +"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew " +"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon " +"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo " +"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar " +"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth " +"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy " +"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric " +"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric " +"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, " +"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin " +"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne " +"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix " +"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix " +"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, " +"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent " +"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, " +"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, " +"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric " +"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, " +"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary " +"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de " "Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George " "Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, " "Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, " @@ -12816,126 +12883,125 @@ msgid "" "James Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James " "Tyler, Jamie Finlay, Jamie Stevens, Jamil Khatib, Jan E Ellison, Jan Gondol, " "Jan Sepp, Jan Zuppinger, Jane Finette, jane Lofton, Jane Mason, Jane Park, " -"Janos Kovacs, Jasmina Bricic, Jason Blasso, Jason Chu, Jason Cole, Jason " -"E. Barkeloo, Jason Hibbets, Jason Owen, Jason Sigal, Jay M Williams, Jazzy " -"Bear Brown, JC Lara, Jean-Baptiste Carré, Jean-Philippe Dufraigne, " -"Jean-Philippe Turcotte, Jean-Yves Hemlin, Jeanette Frey, Jeff Atwood, Jeff " -"De Cagna, Jeff Donoghue, Jeff Edwards, Jeff Hilnbrand, Jeff Lowe, Jeff " -"Rasalla, Jeff Ski Kinsey, Jeff Smith, Jeffrey L Tucker, Jeffrey Meyer, Jen " -"Garcia, Jens Erat, Jeppe Bager Skjerning, Jeremy Dudet, Jeremy Russell, " -"Jeremy Sabo, Jeremy Zauder, Jerko Grubisic, Jerome Glacken, Jérôme Mizeret, " -"Jessica Dickinson Goodman, Jessica Litman, Jessica Mackay, Jessy Kate " -"Schingler, Jesús Longás Gamarra, Jesus Marin, Jim Matt, Jim Meloy, Jim " -"O’Flaherty, Jim Pellegrini, Jim Tittsler, Jimmy Alenius, Jiří Marek, Jo " -"Allum, Joachim Brandon LeBlanc, Joachim Pileborg, Joachim von Goetz, Joakim " -"Bang Larsen, Joan Rieu, Joanna Penn, João Almeida, Jochen Muetsch, Jodi " -"Sandfort, Joe Cardillo, Joe Carpita, Joe Moross, Joerg Fricke, Johan Adda, " -"Johan Meeusen, Johannes Förstner, Johannes Visintini, John Benfield, John " -"Bevan, John C Patterson, John Crumrine, John Dimatos, John Feyler, John " -"Huntsman, John Manoogian III, John Muller, John Ober, John Paul Blodgett, " -"John Pearce, John Shale, John Sharp, John Simpson, John Sumser, John Weeks, " -"John Wilbanks, John Worland, Johnny Mayall, Jollean Matsen, Jon Alberdi, Jon " -"Andersen, Jon Cohrs, Jon Gotlin, Jon Schull, Jon Selmer Friborg, Jon Smith, " -"Jonas Öberg, Jonas Weitzmann, Jonathan Campbell, Jonathan Deamer, Jonathan " -"Holst, Jonathan Lin, Jonathan Schmid, Jonathan Yao, Jordon Kalilich, Jörg " -"Schwarz, Jose Antonio Gallego Vázquez, Joseph Mcarthur, Joseph Noll, Joseph " -"Sullivan, Joseph Tucker, Josh Bernhard, Josh Tong, Joshua Tobkin, JP " -"Rangaswami, Juan Carlos Belair, Juan Irming, Juan Pablo Carbajal, Juan Pablo " -"Marin Diaz, Judith Newman, Judy Tuan, Jukka Hellén, Julia Benson-Slaughter, " -"Julia Devonshire, Julian Fietkau, Julie Harboe, Julien Brossoit, Julien " -"Leroy, Juliet Chen, Julio Terra, Julius Mikkelä, Justin Christian, Justin " -"Grimes, Justin Jones, Justin Szlasa, Justin Walsh, JustinChung.com, K. J. " -"Przybylski, Kaloyan Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, " -"Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia " -"Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen " -"Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie " -"Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, " -"Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie " -"Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, " -"Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin " -"Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane " -"l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad " -"Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina " -"Popova, Kristofer Bratt, Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, " -"Kyle Pinches, Kyle Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry " -"Garfield, Larry Singer, Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, " -"Laura Billings, Laura Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent " -"Muchacho, Laurie Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. Schoen, Leandro " -"Pangilinan, Leigh Verlandson, Lenka Gondolova, Leonardo Bueno Postacchini, " -"leonardo menegola, Lesley Mitchell, Leslie Krumholz, Leticia Britos " -"Cavagnaro, Levi Bostian, Leyla Acaroglu, Liisa Ummelas, Lilly Kashmir " -"Marques, Lior Mazliah, Lisa Bjerke, Lisa Brewster, Lisa Canning, Lisa " -"Cronin, Lisa Di Valentino, Lisandro Gaertner, Livia Leskovec, Liynn " -"Worldlaw, Liz Berg, Liz White, Logan Cox, Loki Carbis, Lora Lynn, Lorna " -"Prescott, Lou Yufan, Louie Amphlett, Louis-David Benyayer, Louise Denman, " -"Luca Corsato, Luca Lesinigo, Luca Palli, Luca Pianigiani, Luca S.G. de " -"Marinis, Lucas Lopez, Lukas Mathis, Luke Chamberlin, Luke Chesser, Luke " -"Woodbury, Lulu Tang, Lydia Pintscher, M Alexander Jurkat, Maarten Sander, " -"Macie J Klosowski, Magnus Adamsson, Magnus Killingberg, Mahmoud Abu-Wardeh, " -"Maik Schmalstich, Maiken Håvarstein, Maira Sutton, Mairi Thomson, Mandy " -"Wultsch, Manickkavasakam Rajasekar, Marc Bogonovich, Marc Harpster, Marc " -"Martí, Marc Olivier Bastien, Marc Stober, Marc-André Martin, Marcel de " -"Leeuwe, Marcel Hill, Marcia Hofmann, Marcin Olender, Marco Massarotto, Marco " -"Montanari, Marco Morales, Marcos Medionegro, Marcus Bitzl, Marcus Norrgren, " -"Margaret Gary, Mari Moreshead, Maria Liberman, Marielle Hsu, Marino " -"Hernandez, Mario Lurig, Mario R. Hemsley, MD, Marissa Demers, Mark Chandler, " -"Mark Cohen, Mark De Solla Price, Mark Gabby, Mark Gray, Mark Koudritsky, " -"Mark Kupfer, Mark Lednor, Mark McGuire, Mark Moleda, Mark Mullen, Mark " -"Murphy, Mark Perot, Mark Reeder, Mark Spickett, Mark Vincent Adams, Mark " -"Waks, Mark Zuccarell II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, " -"Marshal Miller, Marshall Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin " -"Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin " -"Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary " -"Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, " -"Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias " -"Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt " -"Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt " -"Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, " -"Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew " -"Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, " -"Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van " -"Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan " -"Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, Melle Funambuline, Menachem " -"Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, Michael Anderson, Michael " -"Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael Carroll, Michael Cavette, " -"Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael Dennis Moore, Michael " -"Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, Michael Lewis, Michael May, " -"Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael " -"St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, Michael Underwood, Michael " -"Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, Michaela Voigt, Michal " -"Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon " -"You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike Chelen, Mike Habicher, " -"Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, " -"Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj " -"Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko " -"<quote>Macro</quote> Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell Adams, Molika " -"Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, Moritz " -"Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk Pilgrim, " -"Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee Yang, " -"Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan Miller, " -"Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele Wollert, " -"Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas Bentley, " -"Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick Coghlan, " -"Nick Isaacs, Nick M. 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Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " +"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " +"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " +"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves " +"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " +"ZeMarmot Open Movie" +msgstr "" +"Tous les soutiens sur Kickstarter (alphabétiquement par prénom) : A. Lee, " +"Aaron C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham " +"Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam Procter, " +"Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam Zimmerman, " +"Adrian Ho, Adrian Smith, Adriane Ruzak, Adriano Loconte, Al Sweigart, Alain " +"Imbaud, Alan Graham, Alan M. Ford, Alan Swithenbank, Alan Vonlanthen, Albert " +"O’Connor, Alec Foster, Alejandro Suarez Cebrian, Aleks Degtyarev, Alex " +"Blood, Alex C. 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Farke, Andrew Berhow, Andrew " +"Hearse, Andrew Matangi, Andrew R McHugh, Andrew Tam, Andrew Turvey, Andrew " +"Walsh, Andrew Wilson, Andrey Novoseltsev, Andy McGhee, Andy Reeve, Andy " +"Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, " +"Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton " +"Porsche, Antònia Folguera, António Ornelas, Antonis Triantafyllakis, aois21 " +"publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, " +"Arithmomaniac, Arnaud Tessier, Arnim Sommer, Ashima Bawa, Ashley Elsdon, " +"Athanassios Diacakis, Aurora Thornton, Aurore Chavet Henry, Austin " +"Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel " +"Stieglbauer, Ay Okpokam, Barb Bartkowiak, Barbara Lindsey, Barry Dayton, " +"Bastian Hougaard, Ben Chad, Ben Doherty, Ben Hansen, Ben Nuttall, Ben " +"Rosenthal, Ben Sheridan, Benedikt Foit, Benita Tsao, Benjamin Costantini, " +"Benjamin Daemon, Benjamin Keele, Benjamin Pflanz, Berglind Ósk Bergsdóttir, " +"Bernardo Miguel Antunes, Bernd Nurnberger, Bernhard Seefeld, Beth Gis, Beth " +"Tillinghast, Bethanye Blount, Bill Bonwitt, Bill Browne, Bill Keaggy, Bill " +"Maiden, Bill Rafferty, Bill Scanlon, Bill Shields, Bill Slankard, BJ Becker, " +"Bjorn Freeman-Benson, Bjørn Otto Wallevik, BK Bitner, Bo Ilsøe Hansen, Bo " +"Sprotte Kofod, Bob Doran, Bob Recny, Bob Stuart, Bonnie Chiu, Boris Mindzak, " +"Boriss Lariushin, Borjan Tchakaloff, Brad Kik, Braden Hassett, Bradford " +"Benn, Bradley Keyes, Bradley L’Herrou, Brady Forrest, Brandon McGaha, Branka " +"Tokic, Brant Anderson, Brenda Sullivan, Brendan O’Brien, Brendan Schlagel, " +"Brett Abbott, Brett Gaylor, Brian Dysart, Brian Lampl, Brian Lipscomb, Brian " +"S. 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J. Przybylski, Kaloyan " +"Raev, Kamil Śliwowski, Kaniska Padhi, Kara Malenfant, Kara Monroe, Karen Pe, " +"Karl Jahn, Karl Jonsson, Karl Nelson, Kasia Zygmuntowicz, Kat Lim, Kate " +"Chapman, Kate Stewart, Kathleen Beck, Kathleen Hanrahan, Kathryn Abuzzahab, " +"Kathryn Deiss, Kathryn Rose, Kathy Payne, Katie Lynn Daniels, Katie Meek, " +"Katie Teague, Katrina Hennessy, Katriona Main, Kavan Antani, Keith Adams, " +"Keith Berndtson, MD, Keith Luebke, Kellie Higginbottom, Ken Friis Larsen, " +"Ken Haase, Ken Torbeck, Kendel Ratley, Kendra Byrne, Kerry Hicks, Kevin " +"Brown, Kevin Coates, Kevin Flynn, Kevin Rumon, Kevin Shannon, Kevin Taylor, " +"Kevin Tostado, Kewhyun Kelly-Yuoh, Kiane l’Azin, Kianosh Pourian, Kiran " +"Kadekoppa, Kit Walsh, Klaus Mickus, Konrad Rennert, Kris Kasianovitz, " +"Kristian Lundquist, Kristin Buxton, Kristina Popova, Kristofer Bratt, " +"Kristoffer Steen, Kumar McMillan, Kurt Whittemore, Kyle Pinches, Kyle " +"Simpson, L Eaton, Lalo Martins, Lane Rasberry, Larry Garfield, Larry Singer, " +"Lars Josephsen, Lars Klaeboe, Laura Anne Brown, Laura Billings, Laura " +"Ferejohn, Lauren Pedersen, Laurence Gonsalves, Laurent Muchacho, Laurie " +"Racine, Laurie Reynolds, Lawrence M. 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Rebelsky, " +"Samuel Goëta, Samuel Hauser, Samuel Landete, Samuel Oliveira Cersosimo, " +"Samuel Tait, Sandra Fauconnier, Sandra Markus, Sandy Bjar, Sandy ONeil, Sang-" +"Phil Ju, Sanjay Basu, Santiago Garcia, Sara Armstrong, Sara Lucca, Sara " +"Rodriguez Marin, Sarah Brand, Sarah Cove, Sarah Curran, Sarah Gold, Sarah " +"McGovern, Sarah Smith, Sarinee Achavanuntakul, Sasha Moss, Sasha VanHoven, " +"Saul Gasca, Scott Abbott, Scott Akerman, Scott Beattie, Scott Bruinooge, " +"Scott Conroy, Scott Gillespie, Scott Williams, Sean Anderson, Sean Johnson, " +"Sean Lim, Sean Wickett, Seb Schmoller, Sebastiaan Bekker, Sebastiaan ter " +"Burg, Sebastian Makowiecki, Sebastian Meyer, Sebastian Schweizer, Sebastian " +"Sigloch, Sebastien Huchet, Seokwon Yang, Sergey Chernyshev, Sergey Storchay, " +"Sergio Cardoso, Seth Drebitko, Seth Gover, Seth Lepore, Shannon Turner, " +"Sharon Clapp, Shauna Redmond, Shawn Gaston, Shawn Martin, Shay Knohl, Shelby " +"Hatfield, Sheldon (Vila) Widuch, Sheona Thomson, Si Jie, Sicco van Sas, " +"Siena Oristaglio, Simon Glover, Simon John King, Simon Klose, Simon Law, " +"Simon Linder, Simon Moffitt, Solomon Kahn, Solomon Simon, Soujanna Sarkar, " +"Stanislav Trifonov, Stefan Dumont, Stefan Jansson, Stefan Langer, Stefan " +"Lindblad, Stefano Guidotti, Stefano Luzardi, Stephan Meißl, Stéphane " +"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, " +"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, " +"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, " +"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, " +"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, " +"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie " +"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia " +"Green, Sylvia van Bruggen, Szabolcs Berecz, T. L. Mason, Tanbir Baeg, Tanya " +"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner " +"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry " +"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, " +"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, " +"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas " +"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim " +"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy " +"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, " +"Todd Brown, Todd Pousley, Todd Sattersten, Tom Bamford, Tom Caswell, Tom " +"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom " +"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, " +"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey " +"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey " +"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo " +"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika " +"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria " +"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak S." +"Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia " +"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, " +"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William " +"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, " +"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang " +"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, " +"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves " +"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis and Joshua de Haan, " +"ZeMarmot Open Movie" + +#~ msgid "<attribution>Ryan Merkley</attribution>" +#~ msgstr "<attribution>Ryan Merkley</attribution>" + +#~ msgid "<attribution>CEO, Creative Commons</attribution>" +#~ msgstr "<attribution>PDG, Creative Commons</attribution>" + +#~ msgid "<attribution>Paul and Sarah </attribution>" +#~ msgstr "<attribution>Paul et Sarah </attribution>" + +#~ msgid "Classifications:" +#~ msgstr "Classifications :" + +#~ msgid "(UDK) ?" +#~ msgstr "(UDK) ?" + +#~ msgid "(ACM CRCS) ?" +#~ msgstr "(ACM CRCS) ?"