msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-06-19 14:24-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
-"Last-Translator: Automatically generated\n"
-"Language-Team: none\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-21 21:52+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ole-Erik Yrvin <oeyrvin@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål "
+"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
"Language: nb\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor\"></span>Made"
-msgstr ""
+msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
+msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-1\"></span>with"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-2\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-3\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
msgid "Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Paul Stacey og Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6
msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8
msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "av Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "© 2017, av Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
+"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
+"Publisert med lisensen Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), "
+"versjon 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Vanlig tekst"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Omslag og boksideutforming av Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Innhold redigert av Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Illustrasjoner av Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Nedlastbar e-bok er tilgjengelig fra madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
msgid "Publisher:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Forlegger:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Bøker"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "2200 København N"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
msgid "Denmark"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Danmark"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
msgid "Printer:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Trykkeri:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:49
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:51
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:53
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
msgid "Poland"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Polen"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:61
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
msgid ""
"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken er utgitt under en CC BY-SA lisens, noe som betyr at du kan "
+"kopiere, distribuere videre, remikse, transformere og bygge videre for ulike "
+"formål, også kommersielt, så lenge du gir riktig kreditering, gir en link "
+"til lisensen og angir om endringer er gjort. Hvis du remikser, transformerer "
+"eller bygger på materialet, må du distribuere dine bidrag under samme lisens "
+"som den opprinnelige. Lisensdetaljer: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:65
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"platform."
msgstr ""
+"Laget med Creative Commons er offentliggjort med godhjertet støtte fra "
+"Creative Commons og bidragsytere fra vår kronerullingskampanje på Kickstarter"
+".com-plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-4\"></span>“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction "
-"journalism. . . The way that I think about these things, and in terms of "
-"what I can do is. . . essays like this are occasions to watch somebody "
-"reasonably bright but also reasonably average pay far closer attention and "
-"think at far more length about all sorts of different stuff than most of us "
-"have a chance to in our daily lives.”"
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
+"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
+"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
+"lives.”"
msgstr ""
+"«Jeg vet ikke mye om faglitteratur . . . Måten jeg tenker på disse tingene, "
+"og hva jeg kan gjøre er . . . essays som dette er anledninger til å følge "
+"noen med et rimelig lyst hode, men også rimelige gjennomsnittlige både "
+"følger nærmere og tenker mer i dybden om mange forskjellige ting enn de "
+"fleste av oss har en sjanse til i våre daglige liv.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:74
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-5\"></span>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:76
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-6\"></span>- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
+msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
+msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:78
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-7\"></span>Foreword"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
+msgid "## Foreword"
+msgstr "## Forord"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"defining and advancing open business models. He kindly disagreed, and called "
"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”"
msgstr ""
+"For tre år siden, like etter at jeg ble ansatt som daglig leder av Creative "
+"Commons, møtte jeg Cory Doctorow i en hotellbar på Gladstone Hotell i "
+"Toronto. Som en av CCs mest velkjente forkjempere - en som har hatt en "
+"suksessfull karriere som en skribent som deler alle sine verk som CC - "
+"fortalte jeg ham at jeg mente CC hadde en rolle i å definiere og fremme åpne "
+"forretningsmodeller. Han forklarte på en hyggelig måte at han var uenig, og "
+"kalte jakten på fungerende forretningsmodeller via CC en blindvei."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:86
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money "
"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
msgstr ""
+"Han hadde på en måte helt rett - de som gjør ting med Creative Commons har "
+"underliggende motiver, som Paul Stacey forklarer i denne boken: «Uavhengig "
+"av juridisk status, har de alle en sosial oppgave. Deres primære grunn til å "
+"være til er å gjøre verden til et bedre sted, ikke for fortjeneste. Penger "
+"er et middel til et sosialt mål, ikke målet selv. »"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of "
"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgstr ""
+"I enkeltstudien om Cory Doctorow siterer Sarah Hinchliff Pearson Corys ord "
+"fra hans bok om «Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free»: «Å gå inn i kunsten "
+"fordi du vil bli rik, er som å kjøpe lottobilletter fordi du vil bli rik. "
+"Det kan fungere, men nesten helt sikkert så vil det ikke det. Men, "
+"selvfølgelig, noen vinner alltid i et lotteri.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
"pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
+"I dag er opphavsrett som et lodd i et lotteri - alle har et, og nesten ingen "
+"vinner. Hva de ikke forteller deg, er at hvis du velger å dele ditt arbeid, "
+"kan det du får igjen være betydelig, og vare lenge. Denne boken er fylt med "
+"historier om dem som tar mye større risiko enn de kronene vi betaler for et "
+"lodd, og i stedet høster belønninger som kommer fra å følge sin lidenskap og "
+"bygge på sine verdier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
+"Så det er ikke om pengene. Men er også om det. Å finne midler til å "
+"fortsette å opprette og dele krever ofte en viss inntekt. Max Temkin i Cards "
+"Against Humanity sier det best i sin eksempelstudie: «Vi lager ikke vitser "
+"og spill for å tjene penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere "
+"vitser og spill.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"the best open business models. Paul and Sarah were the ideal authors to "
"write Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons fokuserer på å bygge levende, nyttige allmenninger, drevet "
+"av samarbeid og takknemlighet. Å få til samarbeidsfelleskap (communities) er "
+"kjernen i vår strategi. Med det i mente startet Creative Commons dette "
+"bokprosjektet. Ledet av Paul og Sarah, gikk prosjektet i gang med å definere "
+"og fremme de beste åpne forretningsmodellene. Paul og Sarah var ideelle "
+"forfatterne skrive Made with Creative Commons: Laget med kreative "
+"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"has a calm, cool voice that conveys a passion that inspires his colleagues "
"and community."
msgstr ""
+"Paul drømmer om en fremtid der nye modeller for kreativitet og innovasjon "
+"overgår den ulikhet og knapphet som i dag viser de verste delene av "
+"kapitalismen. Han drives av kraften i mellommenneskelige forbindelser i "
+"skapende samarbeidsfellesskap. Han ser lengre enn de fleste, og det har "
+"gjort ham til en bedre pedagog, en innsiktsfull forsker, og også en dyktig "
+"gartner. Han har en rolig, kul stemme som formidler en lidenskap som "
+"inspirerer kolleger og samfunn."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"sleeve. I can always count on Sarah to push Creative Commons to focus on our "
-"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, "
-"detail-oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating "
-"more."
+"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
+"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
+"Sarah er en meget solid advokat - en sann forkjemper som tror på det gode i "
+"mennesker, og på kraften i kollektive handlinger for å forandre verden. I "
+"løpet av det siste året har jeg sett Sarah kjempe med den hjertesorg som "
+"kommer fra å ha investert så mye i en politisk kampanje som ikke sluttet som "
+"hun hadde håpet. I dag er hun mer bestemt enn noen gang på å leve med sine "
+"verdier rett fra hjertet. Jeg kan alltid stole på at Sarah skyver på for at "
+"Creative Commmons skal påvirke - gjøre det viktigste viktigst. Hun er "
+"praktisk, detaljorientert og dyktig. Det er ingen på mitt laget jeg liker "
+"mer å debattere med."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
"better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
msgstr ""
+"Som medforfattere, utfylte Paul og Sarah hverandre perfekt. De forsket, "
+"analyserte, hevdet og jobbet som et lag, noen ganger sammen og noen ganger "
+"hver for seg. De grov seg ned i forskningen og skrivingen med lidenskap og "
+"nysgjerrighet, og en dyp respekt for hva som inngår i å lage allmenninger og "
+"å dele med verden. De var åpne for nye ideer, medregnet muligheten for at "
+"utgangsteoriene deres måtte utvikles videre eller kanskje var helt feil. Det "
+"er modig, og det har gitt en bedre bok som er mer innsiktsfull, ærlig og "
+"nyttig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
-"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC "
-"BY-SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
+"researched, and written in the open. It is being shared openly under a CC BY-"
+"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
+"Fra begynnelsen ønsket CC å utvikle dette prosjektet med prinsipper og "
+"verdier fra åpent samarbeid. Boken ble finansiert, utviklet, undersøkt og "
+"skrevet åpent. Det blir delt åpent under en CC BY-SA-lisens slik at alle kan "
+"bruke, remikse eller tilpasse med henvisning på plass. Det er i seg selv et "
+"eksempel på en åpen forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"through two stretch goals and engaging over 1,600 donors—the majority of "
"them new supporters of Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"I 31 dager i august 2015 organiserte Sarah en Kickstarter-kampanje for å "
+"finansiere oppstarten av boken. Resten ble finansiert av Create Commons "
+"sjenerøse givere og støttespillere. Til slutt ble den en av de mest "
+"vellykkede bokprosjektene på Kickstarter, med 1600 engasjerte givere i to "
+"strekk helt til mål. De fleste giverne var nye tilhengere av Creative "
+"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
+"Paul og Sarah jobbet åpent gjennom hele prosjektet, publiserte planene, "
+"utkast, casestudier og analyser, tidlig og sent, og de engasjerte miljøer "
+"over hele verden til å skrive denne boken. Ettersom meninger varierte, og "
+"interessene kom i fokus, laget de ulike løp, og besluttet å holde dem "
+"atskilt i sluttproduktet. Å arbeide på denne måten krever både ydmykhet og "
+"selvtillit, og det har uten tvil gjort «Made with Creative Commons» til et "
+"bedre prosjekt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
msgid ""
"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
msgstr ""
+"De som jobber og deler i allmenningen (commons) er ikke typiske skapere. De "
+"er en del av noe større enn seg selv, og hva de tilbyr oss alle er en raus "
+"gave. Hva de får tilbake er takknemlighet og et fellesskap."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:180
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"community as a key value, and because the CC licenses have helped so many to "
"share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Mann, som er løftet frem i denne boken, skriver en dag en sang. Da "
+"jeg tok kontakt for å be ham om å skrive en sang for vår Kickstarter (og å "
+"tilby seg å støtte Kickstarter), stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor ville "
+"han stille opp på det? Fordi allmenningen har samarbeid som sin kjerne, og "
+"allmenning er en nøkkelverdi, og fordi CC-lisensene har hjulpet så mange å "
+"dele med et globalt publikum på den måten de velger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is "
"genuinely of value to them.”"
msgstr ""
+"Sarah skriver, «Innsats som lages med Made with Creative Commons trives når "
+"allmenningen bygges rundt hva som gjøres. Dette kan bety at et fellesskap "
+"samarbeider for å skape noe nytt, eller kan rett og slett være en samling av "
+"likesinnede som blir kjent hverandre og samler seg rundt felles interesser "
+"eller tro. Til en viss grad, å bare bruke Made with Creative Commons bringer "
+"automatisk med seg elementer av allmenningen, ved å hjelpe til med å koble "
+"deg til likesinnede, som gjenkjenner og trekkes til de verdiene som "
+"symboliseres ved å bruke CC.» Amanda Palmer, den andre musikeren som er "
+"profilert i boken, vil sikkert legge til dette fra sin studie: «Det er ikke "
+"noe mer tilfredsstillende mål enn når noen forteller deg at det du gjør "
+"virkelig verdi for dem.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business "
"opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er ikke en typisk bedriftsøkonomibok. For de som leter etter en "
+"oppskrift eller et veikart, kan du bli skuffet. Men for de som ønsker å "
+"bidra til et sosialt mål, å bygge noe stort gjennom samarbeid, eller bli med "
+"i en kraftig og voksende globalt samfunn, kan de være sikre på å bli "
+"fornøyd. Made with Creative Commons tilbyr en global endring med et sett "
+"med tydelig artikulerte verdier og prinsipper, noen viktige verktøy til å "
+"utforske dine egne forretningsmuligheter, og to dusin doser med ren "
+"inspirasjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
"sometimes like.”"
msgstr ""
+"I 1996-artikkelen i Stanford Law Review «Sonene i kyberrom», skrev CC-"
+"grunnlegger Lawrence Lessig: «Kyberrommet et sted. Folk bor der. Der "
+"opplever de alle mulige ting, og de oppleves i reelle rom . Og noen, de "
+"opplever mer. Dette opplever de ikke som isolerte individer, som spillere av "
+"noe høyteknologiske dataspill; De opplever det i grupper, i fellesskap, "
+"blant fremmede, blant dem de lærer å kjenne, og noen ganger like.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
msgstr ""
+"Jeg er utrolig stolt at Creative Commons er i stand å utgi denne boken for "
+"så mange allmenninger som vi har lært å kjenne og liker. Jeg er takknemlig "
+"overfor Paul og Sarah for deres kreativitet og innsikt, og de globale "
+"samfunn som har hjulpet oss å bringe den til deg. Som CC-styremedlem "
+"Johnathan Nightingale ofte sier: «Alt er laget av mennesker.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Det er den sanne verdien av ting som er laget med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:223
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-8\"></span>Introduction"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
+msgid "## Introduction"
+msgstr "## Introduksjon"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken viser verden hvordan deling kan være bra i forretningsøyemed, "
+"men med en vri."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and "
"analyze their business model."
msgstr ""
+"Vi startet prosjektet å utforske hvordan skapere, organisasjoner og "
+"bedrifter tjener penger på å videreføre hva de gjør når de deler arbeidet "
+"sitt med Creative Commons-lisenser. Målet var ikke å identifisere en formel "
+"for forretningsmodeller som bruker Creative Commons, men i stedet samle "
+"friske ideer og dynamiske eksempler som tenner nye, innovative modeller, og "
+"hjelper andre å følge etter ved å bygge på det som allerede virker. I "
+"starten rammet vi inn våre undersøkelser i kjente forretningsbegreper. Vi "
+"laget et ubeskrevet «åpent forretningsmodell-lerret,» et interaktivt "
+"nettbasert verktøy som hjelper folk å skape og analysere sin "
+"forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral "
-"way—what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and "
-"wrote up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the "
-"literature."
+"organizations, and businesses who use Creative Commons in an integral way—"
+"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
+"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
+"Med raus finansiering fra Kickstarters støttespillere, satte vi i gang dette "
+"prosjektet, først ved å identifisere og velge ut en bred gruppe av skapere, "
+"organisasjoner og bedrifter som bruker Creative Commons på en integrert måte "
+"- det vi kaller «Gjort på Creative Commons-vis». Vi intervjuet dem og skrev "
+"ned deres historier. Vi analyserte hva vi hørte, og gravde dypt i "
+"litteraturen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
+"Mens vi gjorde våre undersøkelser, skjedde det noe interessant. Vår første "
+"måte å ramme inn arbeidet på, samsvarte ikke med de historiene vi hørte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
"around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
+"De vi intervjuet var ikke typiske bedrifter som selger til forbrukerne og "
+"søker å maksimere overskudd og bunnlinje. I stedet delte de for å gjøre "
+"verden til et bedre sted, ved å skape relasjoner og samfunn rundt arbeidene "
+"som ble delt, og genererte inntekter, ikke for ubegrenset vekst, men for å "
+"opprettholde driften."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
-"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
-"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
-"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something different. "
+"Something that generates not just economic value but social and cultural "
+"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
+"Ofte likte de ikke å høre, at hva de gjør, ble beskrevet som en åpen "
+"forretningsmodell. Deres oppgave var noe mer enn det. Noe annet. Noe som "
+"genererer ikke bare økonomisk verdi, men sosial og kulturell verdi. Noe som "
+"involverer forbindelser mennesker imellom. Å «Gjøre med Creative Commons» er "
+"ikke «business as usual» («virksomhet som vanlig»)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
+"Vi måtte revurdere måten vi oppfattet dette prosjektet på. Og det skjedde "
+"ikke over natten. Fra høsten av 2015 og hele 2016 dokumenterte vi våre "
+"tanker i blogginnlegg på Medium og med regelmessige oppdateringer til våre "
+"Kickstarter-støttespillere. Vi delte utkast av enkeltstudier og analyse med "
+"våre Kickstarter-samarbeidspartnere, som ga uvurderlige endringer, "
+"tilbakemeldinger og råd. Vår tenkning endret seg dramatisk i løpet av "
+"halvannet år."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:275
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
"throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary "
"approaches as you read through our different sections."
msgstr ""
+"Gjennom hele prosessen, har vi to ofte hatt svært ulike måter å forstå og "
+"beskrive hva vi lærer. Gjensidig læring har vært en av de store gledene i "
+"dette arbeidet, og vi håper; noe som har gjort det endelige produktet mye "
+"mer innholdsrikt enn det ville vært hvis én av oss gjennomførte dette "
+"prosjektet alene. Våre stemmer er tatt vare på underveis, og du vil kunne "
+"finne våre ulike, men utfyllende, tilnærminger når du henholdsvis leser "
+"gjennom våre ulike seksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
-"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
-"parts."
+"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
+"Mens vi anbefaler at du leser boken fra start til slutt, kan hver del leses "
+"mer eller mindre uavhengig av hverandre. Boken er organisert i to hoveddeler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
msgid ""
-"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
-"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
-"describing the three ways society has managed resources and shared "
-"wealth—the commons, the market, and the state. He advocates for thinking "
-"beyond business and market terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing "
-"and enlarging the digital commons."
+"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by Paul. "
+"He provides some historical context for the digital commons, describing the "
+"three ways society has managed resources and shared wealth—the commons, the "
+"market, and the state. He advocates for thinking beyond business and market "
+"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
+"Første del, oversikten, som begynner med det store bildet, er skrevet av "
+"Paul. Han gir litt historisk bakgrunn for Digital Commons, som beskriver de "
+"tre måtene samfunnet håndterer ressurser og deler inntekter: Allmenninger, "
+"markedet og staten. Han er talsmann for tenkning utover næringsvirksomhet og "
+"markedsbegreper, og er velformulert om deling og utvidelse av Digital "
+"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"of human connections that make sharing truly meaningful. This section "
"outlines the ways the creators, organizations, and businesses we interviewed "
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
-"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they "
-"share."
+"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
+"Oversikten fortsetter med Sarahs kapittel, der hun vurderer hva det betyr å "
+"lykkes med Creative Commons. Mens å tjene penger er en del av kaken, er det "
+"også et sett av offentlig-baserte verdier, og hva slags menneskelige "
+"forbindelser som gjør deling virkelig meningsfullt. Denne delen beskriver "
+"hvordan skaperne, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi intervjuet, skaffer "
+"inntekter, hvordan de videre fremmer allmenne interesser og realiserer sine "
+"verdier, og hvordan de bygger forbindelser med folk de deler med."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
"restrictive licenses—the ones that are closest to the all-rights-reserved "
"model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
msgstr ""
+"Og for å avslutte første del, har vi et kort avsnitt som forklarer de ulike "
+"Creative Commons-lisensene. Vi snakker om misforståelsen om at jo mer "
+"restriktiv lisensene - de som er nærmest «alle rettigheter reservert»-"
+"modellen i tradisjonell opphavsrett - er den eneste måten å tjene penger på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:306
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
msgstr ""
+"Del to av boken består av de fireogtyve historiene til aktører, bedrifter og "
+"organisasjoner vi intervjuet. Begge deltok i intervjuene, mens vi fordelte "
+"skrivingen av profilene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig er vi glade for å gjøre boken tilgjengelig med en Creative "
+"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike lisens. Kopier, distribuer, oversett, "
+"lokaliser, og bygg gjerne videre på dette arbeidet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
"use Creative Commons and in so doing contribute to the transformation of our "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boka har endret og inspirert oss. Måten vi nå betrakter og tenker på "
+"hva det betyr å «gjøre med Creative Commons» er ugjenkallelig forandret. Vi "
+"håper denne boken inspirerer deg og ditt foretak til å bruke Creative "
+"Commons, og dermed bidra til forandringen av vår økonomi og verden til det "
+"bedre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-9\"></span>Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:322
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-10\"></span>The Big Picture"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:324
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-11\"></span>The New"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*Paul og Sarah *\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-12\"></span>World of"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-13\"></span>Digital"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
+msgid "# The Big Picture"
+msgstr "# Det store bildet"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:330
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-14\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
+msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
+msgstr "## Digital Commons nye verden"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
-"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
-"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
-"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
+"So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the stories of "
+"childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the commons are "
+"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
+"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe beskriver velformulert allmenningen som «luften og havene, "
+"nettverket av arter, villmark og rennende vann - alle er deler av "
+"allmenninger. Så er språk og kunnskap, fortau og torg, historier fra "
+"barndommen og demokratiske prosesser. Noen deler av allmenningen er gaver "
+"fra naturen, andre er resultat av av menneskelige bestrebelser. Noen er "
+"nye, for eksempel Internett; andre er like gamle som jord og kalligrafi.»1)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
+"I «Laget med Creative Commons» fokuserer vi på vår nåværende æra med "
+"digitale allmenninger, enn allmenningen med menneskelagede arbeider. Denne "
+"allmenningen går på tvers av en rekke områder, inkludert kulturarv, "
+"utdanning, forskning, teknologi, kunst, design, litteratur, underholdning, "
+"forretning og data. Menneskelagede arbeider på alle disse områdene er i "
+"økende grad digitale. Internett er en slags global, digital allmenning. "
+"Personer, organisasjoner og bedrifter i våre referanseløsninger bruker "
+"Creative Commons til å dele sine ressurser tilkoblet Internett."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
-msgstr ""
+"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with commoning. "
+"Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social practice of "
+"commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a community of "
+"users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
+msgstr ""
+"Allmenninger er imidlertid ikke bare om delte ressurser. De handler også om "
+"sosial praksis og verdiene som styrer dem. En ressurs er et substantiv, men "
+"til allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb.2) "
+"Produsenter, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi profilerer er alle engasjert i "
+"allmenngjøring. Deres bruk av Creative Commons involverer dem i den sosiale "
+"gjennomføring av allmenngjøring, administrere ressurser kollektivt i et "
+"brukerfellesskap.3) Allmenngjøring styres av et sett med verdier og normer "
+"som balanserer kostnadene og fordelene for foretaket med de til "
+"fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er lagt på rettferdig tilgang, bruk og bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-15\"></span>The Commons, the Market, and the State"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
+msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgstr "### Almenningen, markedet, og staten"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
"today.4"
msgstr ""
+"Historisk har det vært tre måter å administrere ressurser og fordele rikdom "
+"på: Allmenninger (håndtert kollektivt) og staten (dvs. regjeringen) markedet "
+"- med de siste to som de dominerende former i dag.4)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the "
"commons with those of the market or state."
msgstr ""
+"Organisasjoner og bedrifter i våre referanseløsninger er unike i måten de "
+"deltar i felleskap på mens de fortsatt er engasjert i markedet og/eller i "
+"offentlig sektor. Omfanget av engasjement i markedet, eller med det "
+"offentlige varierer. Noen opererer primært som en allmenning med minimal "
+"eller ingen avhengighet av markedet eller det offentlige.5) Andre er for en "
+"stor del i markedet eller det offentlige, og avhenger av dem for finansiell "
+"bærekraft. Alle fungerer som hybrider, som kombinerer normer fra "
+"allemannseie (commons) med dem som gjelder for markeder eller det offentlige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
+"Fig.1. skildrer hvordan en bedrift kan ha varierende grad av engasjement med "
+"allemannseie , det offentlige og markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"as being primarily of one type or another affects the balance of norms by "
"which they operate."
msgstr ""
+"Noen av våre referanseløsninger er bare allemannseie, og har liten eller "
+"ikke noe engasjement i forhold til offentlig sektor. En beskrivelse av disse "
+"løsningene ville vise at tilknytningen til offentlig sektor er liten, eller "
+"til og med fraværende. Andre referanser er primært markedsbaserte med bare "
+"et lite engasjement i allemannseie. Fremstillingen av disse "
+"referansestudiene viser at markedssfæren er stor og fellesskapssfæren liten. "
+"I hvilken grad en bedrift ser seg selv som hovedsakelig av én type eller en "
+"annen påvirker sammensetningen av de normer de styrer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"engagement between the commons and the market requires a deft touch, a "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
+"Alle våre referanseløsninger genererer penger til livsopphold og bærekraft. "
+"Penger kommer hovedsakelig fra markedet. Det er utfordrende å finne måter å "
+"generere inntekter på, når man holder seg til kjerneverdiene i allemannseie ("
+"vanligvis uttrykt i målformuleringer). Å administrere samhandling og "
+"engasjement mellom fellesskapene og markedet krever litt netthendthet, en "
+"sterk følelse av verdier, og evnen til å kombinere det beste fra begge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Staten har en viktig rolle å spille i å fremme aksept og bruk av felleseier. "
+"Statlige programmer og finansiering kan bevisst bidra til å bygge "
+"allemannseier. Utover bevilgninger, lovgivning og regler om eiendomsrett, "
+"kan opphavsrett, forretningsvirksomhet og finansiering, alle være utformet "
+"for å fremme allemannseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"commons the same way you do the market or state is not a strategy for "
"success."
msgstr ""
+"Det er nyttig for alle å forstå hvordan allemannseie, markedet og offentlig "
+"sektor håndterer ressurser på ulike måter, og ikke bare for dem som anser "
+"seg selv som hovedsakelig et felleseie. For bedrifter eller offentlige "
+"organisasjoner som ønsker å engasjere seg i, og å bruke allemannseie, vil "
+"det å vite hvordan allmenninger fungerer være til hjelp for å forstå den "
+"beste måten for å gjøre dette på. For å delta i og bruke felleseie på samme "
+"måte som man ellers arbeider i markedet eller i staten, er ikke en strategi "
+"for suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:411
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-16\"></span>The Four Aspects of a Resource"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
+msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+msgstr "### De fire aspektene ved en ressurs"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this "
"chapter."
msgstr ""
+"Som en del av sitt Nobelprisvinnende arbeid, utviklet Elinor Ostrom et "
+"rammeverk for å analysere hvordan naturressurser administreres i en "
+"allmenning.6) Hennes rammeverk vurderte ting som biofysiske karakteristikker "
+"ved felles ressurser, samfunnets aktører og samhandlingene som foregår "
+"mellom dem, uformelle regler-i-bruk, og resultater. Dette rammeverket er "
+"forenklet og generalisert for å brukes på felleseie, markedet og staten, det "
+"offentlige, for dette kapitlet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du vil sammenligne og vise kontraster i måter som allemannseie, "
+"markedet, og det offentlige arbeider, la oss vurdere fire sider ved "
+"ressursadministrasjon: Ressursens karakteristika, de involverte personene og "
+"den prosessen de bruker, normer og regler de utvikler for å styre bruken, og "
+"til slutt den faktiske ressursbruken sammen med resultatene av denne bruken ("
+"se Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-17\"></span>Characteristics"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"6.5in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+msgid "#### Characteristics"
+msgstr "#### Karakteristika"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
-"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
-"produced. And—significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or "
-"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
+"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
+"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
+"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
+"Ressurser har spesielle egenskaper eller attributter som påvirker hvordan de "
+"kan brukes. Noen ressurser er naturlige; andre er menneskeskapt. Og - av "
+"betydning for dagens felleseie - ressurser kan være fysiske eller digitale, "
+"som påvirker det iboende ressurspotensialet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
+"Fysiske ressurser er begrensede. Hvis jeg har en fysisk ressurs og gir den "
+"til deg, har jeg den ikke lenger. Når en ressurs er fjernet og brukt, blir "
+"tilbudet knapt eller utarmet. Knapphet kan føre til konkurranse og "
+"rivalisering om ressursen. Tiltak laget med Creative Commons er vanligvis "
+"digitalt basert, men noen av våre referanseløsninger produserer også "
+"ressurser i fysisk form. Kostnadene ved å produsere og distribuere et fysisk "
+"gode, krever vanligvis at man benytter markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
+"Fysiske ressurser blir uttømt, er eksklusive, og de konkurreres om. Digitale "
+"ressurser, derimot, er uutømmelige, ikke-eksklusive, og gir ikke "
+"rivalisering. Hvis jeg deler en digital ressurs med deg, har vi begge "
+"ressursen. Å gi den til deg betyr ikke at jeg ikke lenger har den. Digitale "
+"ressurser kan lages i det uendelige, kopieres og distribueres uten å bli "
+"uttømt, og til en kostnad på nær null. Overflod i stedet for knapphet er en "
+"iboende karakteristikk ved digitale ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
-"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
-"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
-"abundant."
+"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
+"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
+"At de digitale ressursene er uuttømmelige, ikke-eksklusive og ikke-"
+"rivaliserende, betyr at reglene og normene for å håndtere dem kan (og bør) "
+"være forskjellige fra hvordan fysiske ressurser håndteres. Men det er ikke "
+"alltid tilfellet. Digitale ressurser gjøres ofte kunstig knappe. Å plassere "
+"digitale ressurser i allmenninger gjør dem gratis og rikelige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
"but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referanseprosjekter håndterer ofte hybrid-ressurser, som begynner som "
+"digitale med muligheter for å bli omgjort til en fysisk ressurs. Den "
+"digitale bokfilen kan trykkes på papir og gjøres til en fysisk bok. Et data-"
+"gjengitt design for møbler kan fysisk produseres i tre. Denne konverteringen "
+"fra digital til fysisk har alltid kostnader. De digitale ressursene "
+"administreres ofte på en fri og åpen måte, men det kreves penger for å "
+"konvertere en digital ressurs til en fysisk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to "
"future generations."
msgstr ""
+"Utover denne ideen med fysisk versus digital, forstår allmenninger, markedet "
+"og staten ressurser forskjellig (se Fig. 3). Markedet ser ressurser som "
+"private varer, goder for salg - som gir verdi. Staten ser ressurser som "
+"offentlige goder som gir verdi til innbyggerne. Allmenninger ser ressurser "
+"som felles goder, som gir en felles rikdom som strekker seg utover landets "
+"grenser, og videreformidles uforminsket eller forbedret til fremtidige "
+"generasjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-18\"></span>People and processes"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
+msgid "#### People and processes"
+msgstr "#### Folk og prosesser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"and how a resource is managed."
msgstr ""
+"I allemannseie, markedet og staten brukes ulike mennesker og prosesser til å "
+"administrere ressurser. De prosesser som brukes definerer både hvem som har "
+"innflytelse og hvordan en ressurs skal håndteres."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on "
"government priorities and procedures."
msgstr ""
+"I staten utgår en regjering fra folkevalgte som er ansvarlige for "
+"ressurshåndteringen på vegne av folk flest. Innbyggerne som produserer og "
+"bruker disse ressursene er ikke direkte involvert; i stedet er ansvaret gitt "
+"over til regjeringen. Statlige departementer og avdelinger bemannet med "
+"offentlige tjenestemenn setter opp budsjetter, gjennomfører programmer og "
+"administrerer ressurser basert på regjeringens prioriteringer og prosedyrer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"resources are managed as commodities, frequently mass-produced, and sold to "
"consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er menneskene som er involvert produsenter, kjøpere, selgere og "
+"forbrukere. Bedrifter fungerer som mellomledd mellom dem som produserer "
+"ressurser og dem som konsumerer eller bruke dem. Markedets prosesser søker å "
+"trekke ut så mye verdi fra ressurser som mulig. Ressurser håndteres som en "
+"handelsvare i markedet, ofte masseprodusert, og solgt til forbrukere på "
+"grunnlag av en betalingstransaksjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less "
"anonymous and more personal."
msgstr ""
+"I motsetning til staten og markedet, håndteres ressurser i en allmenning mer "
+"direkte av dem som er involvert.7) De som lager menneskeproduserte ressurser "
+"kan legge dem i felleseiet ut fra et personlig valg. Det kreves ingen "
+"tillatelse fra staten eller markedet. Alle kan delta i allmenninger og selv "
+"bestemme seg for hvor mye de vil være involvert - som en bidragsyter, bruker "
+"eller administrator. Involverte inkluderer ikke bare dem som oppretter og "
+"bruker ressurser, men også dem som berøres av resultatet av bruk. Hvem du "
+"er, påvirker hva du har å si, hvilke handlinger du kan utføre, og omfanget "
+"av beslutningstaking. I allmenninger er det fellesskapet som helhet som "
+"administrerer ressursene. Ressurser lagt inn i felleseiet ved å bruke "
+"Creative Commons krever at brukerne krediterer den opprinnelige skaperen. Å "
+"vite hvem personen bak en ressurs er gjør fellesskapseie mindre anonymt og "
+"mer personlig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-19\"></span>Norms and rules"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+msgid "#### Norms and rules"
+msgstr "#### Normer og regler"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
+"De sosiale samhandlingene mellom mennesker, og prosessene i bruk av staten, "
+"markedet og samfunnet for øvrig, utvikler sosiale normer og regler. Disse "
+"normene og reglene definerer tillatelser, tildeler rettigheter og løser "
+"disputter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"regulations, and laws. The state influences the norms and rules of the "
"market and commons through the rules it passes."
msgstr ""
+"Statlig myndighet er underlagt nasjonale regelverk. Normer knyttet til "
+"prioriteringer og beslutningsprosesser defineres av folkevalgte og "
+"parlamentariske prosedyrer. Statlige føringer uttrykkes gjennom politiske "
+"vedtak, lover og regler. Staten påvirker normer og regler for markedet og "
+"allemannseie gjennom de reglene som lages."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:525
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"defined by the state."
msgstr ""
+"Markedets normer påvirkes av økonomi og konkurranse om knappe ressurser. "
+"Markedsreguleringene omfatter eierforhold, virksomheter og økonomiske lover "
+"definert av staten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
msgstr ""
+"Som med markedet, kan et felleseie påvirkes av offentlig politikk, "
+"forskrifter og lover. Men normer og regler for et allemannseie er i det "
+"store og hele definert av det selv. De veier individuelle kostnader og "
+"fordeler - mot kostnader og fordeler for hele felleseiet. Det tas hensyn "
+"ikke bare til økonomisk effektivitet, men også til egenkapital og "
+"bærekraftighet.9)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-20\"></span>Goals"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
+msgid "#### Goals"
+msgstr "#### Mål"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
+"Kombinasjonen av forhold vi har diskutert så langt - de innebygde "
+"egenskapene, folk, prosesser, normer og regler - utformer hvordan ressursene "
+"brukes. Bruken påvirkes også av de ulike målene til stat, marked og "
+"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er fokus på å maksimere nytten av en ressurs. Hva vi betaler for "
+"varene vi forbruker, sees på som et objektivt mål på den nytten de gir. "
+"Målet blir da å maksimere den totale økonomiske pengeverdien.10) Forbrukte "
+"enheter forstås som salg, inntekter, fortjeneste og vekst, og alle disse er "
+"måter å måle markedet på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"resources toward these aims. State goals are reflected in quality of life "
"measures."
msgstr ""
+"Staten skal bruke og administrere ressurser på en måte som balanserer "
+"økonomi mot sosiale og kulturelle behov hos sine innbyggere. Helsetjenester, "
+"utdanning, jobb, miljø, transport, sikkerhet, arv og rettferdighet er alle "
+"fasetter av et sunt samfunn, og staten bruker sine ressurser får å nå disse "
+"målene. Statlige mål gjenspeiles i mål på livskvalitet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
+"I allmenninger er målet å maksimere tilgang, egenkapital, distribusjon, "
+"deltakelse, innovasjon og bærekraft. Vi kan måle suksess ved å se på hvor "
+"mange personer som har tilgang til, og bruker en ressurs; hvordan brukere er "
+"fordelt på kjønn, inntekt og hvor de er; om et fellesskap utvider og "
+"forbedrer de ressurser som lages; og om ressursene brukes på innovative "
+"måter til fordel for personlige og sosiale goder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"ability to strategically utilize and balance these different aspects of "
"managing resources."
msgstr ""
+"Som hybridkombinasjoner av fellesskapseie og marked eller staten, avhenger "
+"suksessen og bærekraften i alle våre referansestudier av tiltakenes evne til "
+"å strategisk bruke og balansere disse ulike aspektene ved sin "
+"ressurshåndtering."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-21\"></span>A Short History of the Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
+msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
+msgstr "### Commons korte historie"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"from consciousness and consideration. There are no news reports or speeches "
"about the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Å bruke felleseiet for å håndtere ressurser er en del av et langt historisk "
+"kontinuum. Men i det moderne samfunn dominerer markedet og staten "
+"diskusjonen om hvordan ressurser best håndteres. Sjelden er allmenneie "
+"engang vurdert som et alternativ. Allmenneie har i stor grad forsvunnet fra "
+"bevissthet og omtanke. Det finnes ingen nyheter eller taler om allemenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
-"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
-"commons. The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of "
-"the commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
+"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
+"The commons is making a resurgence. To understand the resilience of the "
+"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
+"Men mer enn 1,1 milliarder ressurser er lisensiert med Creative Commons "
+"verden over, og er indikasjon på en grasrotbevegelse i retning allemannseie. "
+"Felleseie blomstrer opp. For å forstå motstandsdyktigheten til slik eie og "
+"den pågående fornyelsen er det nyttig å vite noe om historien."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 "
"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
msgstr ""
+"I århundrer, håndterte urfolk og førindustrielle samfunn ressurser, "
+"inkludert vann, mat, brensel, vanning, fisk, vilt og mange andre ting, "
+"kollektivt som et felleseie.11 Det var intet marked, ingen verdensøkonomi. "
+"Staten, i form av herskere, påvirket allmenningene, men kontrollerte dem "
+"ikke. Direkte sosial deltakelse i en allmenning var primært måten ressurser "
+"ble styrt på og behov møtt. (Fig. 4 illustrerer allemannseie i forhold til "
+"stat og marked.)"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
msgstr ""
+"Dette etterfølges av en lang historie der staten (monarkiet eller en "
+"makthaver) overtar allmenninger til sine egne formål. Dette kalles "
+"innkapsling av allemannseie.12 I gamle dager ble \"commoners\" kastet ut fra "
+"land, gjerder og hekker reist, lover og sikkerhet konfigurert til å forby "
+"adgang.13 Gradvis ble ressursene statens eiendom, og staten ble det primære "
+"verktøy for styring av disse ressursene. (Se Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
-"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
-"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
-"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
-"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
-"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
-"productivity. Over time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a "
-"rising standard of living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how "
-"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
+"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
+"With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources became "
+"commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies evolved "
+"into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money operating "
+"the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws were "
+"revised by governments to support markets, growth, and productivity. Over "
+"time ready access to market produced goods resulted in a rising standard of "
+"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
+"the primary means by which resources are managed."
+msgstr ""
+"Eierskap tll land, vann og vilt ble distribuert til den herskende familien "
+"og politisk utvalgte. Vanlige borgere ble fordrevet fra landområdene og "
+"flyttet til byer. Med fremveksten av den industrielle revolusjonen ble "
+"landområder og ressurser solgt til bedrifter for å støtte produksjon. "
+"Folkevalgte forsamlinger overtok etterhvert fra monarkier. Vanlige borgere "
+"ble arbeidere som tjente penger ved å betjene maskiner i industrien. Finans, "
+"business og eiendomsrett ble omdannet av regjeringene å støtte markeder, "
+"vekst og produktivitet. Over tid ga tilgang til markedsproduserte varer en "
+"økende levestandard, bedre helse og utdanning. Fig. 6 viser hvordan markedet "
+"i dag er hovedmåten for ressurhåndtering."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
+"Men i dag går verden gjennom turbulente tider. Fordelene med markedet har "
+"blitt motvirket av ulik fordeling og rovdrift."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
-"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
-"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
+"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support anyone. "
+"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
+"Fiskeriressurser var tema for Garrett Hardin innflytelsesrike essay om \"The "
+"Tragedy of the Commons,\" publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin hevder at alle "
+"i et allmenneie søker å maksimere personlig vinning og vil fortsette å gjøre "
+"så selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet blir så, tragisk nok, "
+"utarmet til et punkt hvor det ikke lenger understøtter noen. Hardins essay "
+"ble allment akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for privat "
+"eiendom og frie markeder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
-"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
-"work. Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work "
-"studying different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that "
-"natural resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities "
-"without any regulation by central authorities or without "
-"privatization. Government and privatization are not the only two "
-"choices. There is a third way: management by the people, where those that "
-"are directly impacted are directly involved. With natural resources, there "
-"is a regional locality. The people in the region are the most familiar with "
-"the natural resource, have the most direct relationship and history with it, "
-"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
-"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
-"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:649
+"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
+"Elinor Ostrom won the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics for her work studying "
+"different commons all around the world. Ostrom’s work shows that natural "
+"resource commons can be successfully managed by local communities without "
+"any regulation by central authorities or without privatization. Government "
+"and privatization are not the only two choices. There is a third way: "
+"management by the people, where those that are directly impacted are "
+"directly involved. With natural resources, there is a regional locality. The "
+"people in the region are the most familiar with the natural resource, have "
+"the most direct relationship and history with it, and are therefore best "
+"situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the governance of natural "
+"resources broke with convention; she recognized the importance of the "
+"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
+"collective action.14"
+msgstr ""
+"Men det er en alvorlig feil med Hardins \"Allmenningens tragedie\"- det er "
+"fiksjon. Hardin studerer ikke faktisk hvordan virkelige felleseier fungerer. "
+"Elinor Ostrom vant Nobelprisen i økonomi i 2009 for sitt arbeid med å med "
+"studere allmenneier over hele verden. Ostroms arbeid viser at naturressurs-"
+"allmenninger kan behandles med godt resultat av lokalsamfunn uten regulering "
+"fra sentrale myndigheter eller uten privatisering. Regjeringen og "
+"privatisering er ikke de eneste to valgene. Det er en tredje vei: Styring av "
+"mennesker, der de som er direkte påvirket er direkte involvert. "
+"Naturressurser er en regional lokalitet. Folk i regionen er mest fortrolig "
+"med naturressursene, har den mest direkte relasjonen, og en historie knyttet "
+"til dem, og er derfor best plassert til å administrere den. Ostroms "
+"tilnærming til styringen av naturressurser brøt med konvensjonen; hun innså "
+"betydningen av felleseie som et alternativ til markedet eller staten for "
+"løsning av oppgaver med problemløsning som krever felles innsats.14"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
-"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
-"self-interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
+"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
+"interest, without interaction or consideration of others. But as Ostrom "
"found, in reality, managing common resources together forms a community and "
"encourages discourse. This naturally generates norms and rules that help "
"people work collectively and ensure a sustainable commons. Paradoxically, "
"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
+"Hardin mislyktes å vurdere den faktiske sosiale dynamikken ved felleseie. "
+"Hans modell antok at folk i allmenneier halet uavhengig av hveandre, ut fra "
+"ren egeninteresse, uten interaksjon eller ta andre i betraktning. Men som "
+"Ostrom fant, i virkeligheten, å håndtere felles ressurser sammen, danner et "
+"fellesskap og oppfordrer til meningsutveksling. Dette generer naturligvis "
+"normer og regler som hjelpe folk til å arbeide sammen og sikre et "
+"bærekraftig felleseie. Paradoksalt nok, mens Hardins essay kalles The "
+"tragedy of the Commons kanskje det mer nøyaktig burde ha tittelen The "
+"Tragedy of the Market."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible "
"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
msgstr ""
+"Hardins historie er basert på forutsetningen om begrensede ressurser. "
+"Økonomer har fokusert nesten utelukkende, på knapphet-baserte markeder. "
+"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.15 Fremveksten av "
+"informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført til en eksplosjon i digitale "
+"ressurser og nye måter for deling og distribusjon. Digitale ressursene kan "
+"aldri bli uttømt. Fravær av en teori eller modell for hvordan overflod "
+"fungerer, har ledet markedet til å gjøre digitale ressurser kunstig knappe, "
+"og gjøre det mulig å anvende markedets vanlige normer og regler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly available to "
"the public that paid for them."
msgstr ""
+"Når det kommer til bruk av statlige bevilgninger til å lage digitale "
+"produkter, er det egentlig ingen begrunnelse for kunstig knapphet. Normen "
+"for statlig finansierte digitale arbeider skal være at de er fritt og åpent "
+"tilgjengelige for allmennheten som betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-22\"></span>The Digital Revolution"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
+msgstr "### Den digitale revolusjonen"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
+"I databehandlingens tidlige dager lærte programmerere og utviklere lært fra "
+"hverandre ved å dele programvare. På 80-tallet kodifiserte fri programvare-"
+"bevegelsen denne delingspraksisen til et sett med prinsipper og friheter:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Frihet til å kjøre et program som du ønsker, for ethvert formål."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"as you wish."
msgstr ""
+"Friheten til å studere hvordan et program fungerer (fordi tilgangen til "
+"kildekoden er frigitt), og endre den så den utfører databehandlingen din "
+"slik du ønsker."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Friheten til å redistribuere kopier."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
+"Friheten til å distribuere kopier av dine modifiserte versjoner til andre.16"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
+"Disse prinsippene og friheter utgjør et sett av normer og regler som "
+"karakteriserer et digitalt felleseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
msgstr ""
+"I 1990, for å gjøre deling av kildekode og samarbeid mer tiltrekkende for "
+"selskaper, konverterte åpen-kildekode-programvare- initiativet prinsippene "
+"til lisenser og standarder for å håndtere tilgang til og distribusjon av "
+"programvare. Fordelene av åpen kildekode - som pålitelighet, skalerbarhet og "
+"kvalitet kontrollert av uavhengige fagfellevurderinger, ble anerkjent og "
+"akseptert. Kundene likte måten åpen kildekode ga dem kontroll uten blir låst "
+"inn i en lukket, proprietær teknologi. Gratis og åpen kildekode-programvare "
+"genereres også en nettverk-effekt der verdien av et produkt eller tjeneste "
+"øker med antall personer som bruker det.17 Den dramatiske veksten i selve "
+"Internettet skyldes mye til det faktum at ingen har en proprietær lås på "
+"kjernens Internett-protokoller."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
"Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Mens åpen kildekode-programvare fungerer som et felleseie, bygget mange "
+"bedrifter og markeder seg rundt det. Forretningsmodeller basert på lisenser "
+"og standarder for åpen kilde-kode utviklet seg sammen med organisasjoner som "
+"håndterte programvarekode med prinsippene om overflod i stedet for knapphet. "
+"Eric Raymonds essay \"The Magic Cauldron\" gjør en stor jobb med å analysere "
+"økonomi- og forretningsmodellene forbundet med åpen kildekode.18 Disse "
+"modellene kan gi eksempler på bærekraftig tilnærminger for de som er laget "
+"med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"participation in producing creative works and distributing them. Photos, "
"books, music, and many other forms of digital content could now be readily "
"created and distributed by almost anyone. Despite this potential for "
-"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright "
-"laws. Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by "
-"law others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
+"abundance, by default these digital works are governed by copyright laws. "
+"Under copyright, a digital work is the property of the creator, and by law "
+"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare om en rikelig tilgjengelighet av digitale ressurser, men "
+"også om en overflod av deltakelse. Veksten i personlige datamaskiner, "
+"informasjonsteknologi og Internett gjorde det mulig for massedeltakelse i "
+"produksjon av kreative arbeider og distribusjon av dem. Bilder, bøker, "
+"musikk og mange andre typer digitalt innhold kan nå lett opprettes og "
+"distribueres av nær sagt alle. Til tross for dette overflods-potensialet, er "
+"disse digitale arbeidene som standard ikke underlagt lovgivning om "
+"opphavsrett. Med opphavsrett, at et digitalt arbeid er eiendommen til den "
+"som har laget det, og etter loven, er andre ekskludert fra adgangen til og "
+"bruken det uten opphavspersonens tillatelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more "
"involved with the world.19"
msgstr ""
+"Men folk liker å dele. En av måtene vi definerer oss selv på er å dele "
+"verdifull og underholdende innhold. Dermed vokser og nærer relasjoner, vi "
+"søker å endre meninger, oppmuntrer til handing, og informerer andre om hvem "
+"vi er og hva vi bryr oss om. Deling lar oss føle oss mer involvert i "
+"verden.19"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:722
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-23\"></span>The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
+msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
+msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, "
"standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
msgstr ""
+"I 2001, ble Creative Commons opprettet som et nonprofit opplegg for å støtte "
+"alle de som ønsket å dele digitalt innhold. En pakke med Creative Commons-"
+"lisenser var modellert etter de for programvare med åpen kilde-kode, men for "
+"bruk for digitalt innhold i stedet for programvarekode. Lisensene gir alle, "
+"fra individuelle skaperne til store selskaper og institusjoner, en "
+"standardisert måte for å gi opphavsretts-tillatelser for sitt skapende "
+"arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
-"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
-"lawyers. This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and "
-"users are not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
+"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
+"This layer is called the legal code. But since most creators and users are "
+"not lawyers, the licenses also have a commons deed, expressing the "
"permissions in plain language, which regular people can read and quickly "
"understand. It acts as a user-friendly interface to the legal-code layer "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with "
"digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons-lisenser har en tre-lags design. Normer og regler for hver "
+"lisens uttrykkes først i fullt ut i det juridiske språket som brukes av "
+"advokater. Dette kalles den juridiske lisensteksten. Men siden de fleste "
+"bidragsytere og brukere ikke er advokater, lisensene har også en commons "
+"avtaletekst, som uttrykker tillatelsene i vanlig språk, som folk flest raskt "
+"kan lese og forstå. Det fungerer som et brukervennlig grensesnitt til den "
+"juridiske koden som ligger under. Det tredje laget er den maskinlesbare, som "
+"gjør det enkelt for Internettet å vite om et arbeid har en Creative Commons-"
+"lisens ved å uttrykke tillatelser på en måte som programvaresystemer, "
+"søkemotorer og andre typer teknologi kan forstå.20 Sett samlet sikrer disse "
+"tre lagene at skaperne, brukere, og selv nettområdet selv forstår normer og "
+"regler for digitalt innhold i et allemannseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:750
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
+"I 2015 var det over en milliard arbeider med Creative Common-lisens globalt. "
+"Disse arbeidene ble vist på nettet 136 milliard ganger. Folk bruker "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser på 34 språk over hele verden. Disse ressursene "
+"inkluderer bilder, illustrasjoner, forskningsartikler i tidsskrifter, "
+"pedagogiske ressurser, musikk og andre lydspor, og videoer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our "
"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
msgstr ""
+"Individuelle kunstnere, fotografer, musikere og filmskapere bruker Creative "
+"Commons, men så også museer, regjeringer, kreative næringer, produsenter og "
+"forleggere. Millioner av nettsteder bruker CC-lisenser, inkludert store "
+"plattformer som Wikipedia og Flickr, og mindre som blogger.21 Brukere av "
+"Creative Commons er mangfoldige og går på tvers av mange ulike sektorer. ("
+"Våre referanseløsninger ble valgt for å reflektere det mangfoldet.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:768
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
-"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
-"works. The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant "
-"benefits compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange "
-"in a commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
+"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative works. "
+"The free-culture movement sees a commons as providing significant benefits "
+"compared to restrictive copyright laws. This ethos of free exchange in a "
+"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ser Creative Commons som en måte å dele en gave med andre, en måte for "
+"å bli kjent, eller en måte å gi en sosial fordel. Andre er bare forpliktet i "
+"forhold til normene knyttet til et allemannseie. Og for noen, er deltakelsen "
+"ansporet av gratis-kultur-bevegelsen, en sosial bevegelse som fremmer "
+"friheten til å distribuere og endre kreative arbeider. Gratis-kultur "
+"bevegelsen ser at allemannseie gir viktige fordeler sammenlignet med "
+"restriktive lover om opphavsrett. Denne grunnholdning til fri utveksling i "
+"en allmenning samstemmer gratis-kultur bevegelsen med den frie og åpen "
+"kildekode-programvare-bevegelsen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"resources at no cost, with legal permissions for anyone to freely access, "
"use, and modify."
msgstr ""
+"Over tid, har Creative Commons avfødt en hel rekke med åpne bevegelser, "
+"inkludert åpne pedagogiske ressurser, åpen tilgang, åpen vitenskap og åpne "
+"data. Målet har i alle tilfeller vært å demokratisere deltakelse og dele "
+"digitale ressurser kostnadsfritt, med juridiske tillatelser for alle for "
+"fritt å ha tilgang, bruke, og endre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government reforms. "
+"Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure works "
+"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
+"them."
msgstr ""
+"Staten er i økende grad involvert i å støtte åpne bevegelser. The Open "
+"Government Partnership ble lansert i 2011 for å gi en internasjonal "
+"plattform for regjeringer til å bli mer åpne, ansvarlige og mottakelige i "
+"forhold til innbyggerne. Siden da har det vokst fra åtte deltakerlandene til "
+"sytti.22 I alle disse landene, arbeider regjeringen og det sivile samfunnet "
+"sammen om å utvikle og implementere ambisiøse åpen-regjering-reformer. "
+"Regjeringer adopterer i økende grad Creative Commons for å sikre at arbeid "
+"finansiert av skattebetalerne er åpent og gratis for det publikum som "
+"betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-24\"></span>The Changing Market"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
+msgid "### The Changing Market"
+msgstr "### Markedet i forandring"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural "
"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
msgstr ""
+"Dagens marked er i stor grad drevet av global kapitalisme. Lov og økonomiske "
+"systemer er strukturert for å støtte inntjening, privatisering og bedriftens "
+"vekst. En oppfatning at markedet er mer effektiv enn det offentlige har ført "
+"til en kontinuerlig privatisering av mange offentlige ressurser, "
+"hjelpemidler, tjenester og infrastruktur.23 Mens dette systemet har vært "
+"svært effektiv til å generere forbruk og vekst i bruttonasjonalproduktet, "
+"har innvirkningen på menneskets trivsel vært blandet. Motstykket til økende "
+"levestandard og forbedringer i helse og utdanning, er stadig økende "
+"ulikheter i rikdom, sosial ulikhet, fattigdom, forverring av vårt naturlige "
+"miljø, og demokratiske sammenbrudd.24"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and "
"community.25"
msgstr ""
+"I lys av disse utfordringene er det en voksende anerkjennelse av at BNP-"
+"veksten ikke bør være et mål i seg selv, at utvikling trenger å være sosialt "
+"og økonomisk inkluderende, at miljømessig bærekraft er en forutsetning ikke "
+"et alternativ, og at vi trenger å bedre balanse markedet, stat og samfunn.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:812
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public "
"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
msgstr ""
+"Disse erkjennelser har ført til en fornyet interesse i allemannseie som "
+"muliggjør en slik balanse. Byregjeringer, som italienske Bologna, "
+"samarbeider med sine innbyggere å få til forskrifter for omsorg for og "
+"modernisering av bymessige felleseier.26 Seoul og Amsterdam kaller seg \""
+"delingsbyer,\" når de søker etter å få til bærekraftig og mer effektiv bruk "
+"av knappe ressurser. De ser som en måte å forbedre bruken av offentlige rom, "
+"mobilitet, sosialt samhold og sikkerhet.27"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and "
"derive value from an asset."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:839
+"Markedet selv har tatt en interesse i delingsøkonomien, med bedrifter som "
+"Airbnb som gir et peer-to-peer markedet for kortvarig overnatting og Uber "
+"som gir en plattform for deling av bilturer. Mens Airbnb og Uber fortsatt i "
+"stor grad opererer med vanlige normer og regler i et marked, noe som gjør "
+"dem mindre som en felleseier mo mer som en tradisjonell virksomhet som søker "
+"finansiell inntjening. Mye av delingsøkonomien er ikke om allmennger eller å "
+"bygge et alternativ til en bedrifts-drevet markedsøkonomi; Det handler om å "
+"utvide det deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre lives.28 Mens "
+"ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre referanseløsninger ville beskriver seg "
+"selv som en del av delingsøkonomien, er det faktisk noen viktige "
+"paralleller. Både delingsøkonomi og allmenneie gjøre bedre bruk av "
+"eiendelens kapasitet. Delingsøkonomien ser personlig beboere og biler som "
+"har en latent ekstra kapasitet med utleieverdi. Rettferdig tilgang på "
+"felleseier utvider og diversifiserer antall personer som kan bruke og få "
+"verdi ut av en eiendel."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
-"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. Computer-"
+"processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly increasing, but "
+"rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital technologies are "
+"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
+"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
+"Enveis \"Made with Creative Commons\" referansestudier skiller seg fra "
+"delingsøkonomien med sine fokus på digitale ressurser. Digitale ressurser "
+"virker under ulike økonomiske regler enn de fysiske. I en verden hvor "
+"prisene alltid synes å gå opp, er informasjonsteknologi et avvik. "
+"Databehandlingsmakt, lagringsplass og båndbredde er alle raskt økende, men "
+"heller enn at kostnadene går opp, går kostnadene ned. Digital teknologi blir "
+"raskere, bedre og billigere. Kostnaden for noe som bygger på disse "
+"teknologiene vil alltid gå ned til nær null.29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
+"De som lages med Creative Commons søker å utnytte de unike iboende "
+"egenskaper til digitale ressurser, inkludert å senke kostnadene. Bruken av "
+"digitale rettighetshånterte teknologier i form av låser, passord og "
+"kontroller for å hindre at digitale produkter fra å bli brukt, endret, "
+"kopiert og distribuert, er minimal eller ikke-eksisterende. I stedet brukes "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser til å legge digitalt innhold i felleseier, og ta "
+"fordelen ved av den unike økonomi som er knyttet til å være digital. Målet "
+"er å oppnå at digitale ressursene brukes så mye og av så mange som mulig. "
+"Maksimert tilgang og deltakelse er et felles mål. Deres mål er overflod "
+"fremfor knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, "
"devising their own economic models and practice."
msgstr ""
+"Den trinnvise kostnaden ved lagring, kopiering og distribusjon av digitale "
+"produkter er neste til null, og gjør overflod mulig. Men forestille et "
+"marked basert mer på overflod enn knapphet er så fremmed for måten vi tenker "
+"oss økonomisk teori og praksis, så vi strever imot å gjøre det.30 Det som er "
+"laget med Creative Commons er banebrytende i dette nye landskapet, og "
+"utformer sine egne økonomiske modeller og praksiser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"within the existing rules and norms of the market. And still others are "
"looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ønsker å minimere sin samhandling med markedet og operere så "
+"selvstendig som mulig. Andre opererer hovedsakelig som en virksomhet "
+"innenfor eksisterende regler og normer for markedet. Og andre igjen, søker "
+"etter muligheter til å endre normer og regler som markedet fungerer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, worker-"
+"owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational forms offer "
+"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
+"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
+"For et vanlig aksjeselskap, er det vanskelig å få til sosial fordel med som "
+"en del av sin virksomhet, så det er lovpålagt å ta avgjørelser til økonomisk "
+"fordel aksjonærene. Men nye former for forretningsvirksomhet vokser frem. "
+"Det er veldedige sammenslutninger og sosiale foretak, som utvider sine "
+"forretningsmål fra å gjøre fortjeneste til å gjøre en positiv innvirkning "
+"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.31 Felles- og "
+"arbeidstaker-eide bedrifter, kooperativer, laug og andre organisasjonsformer "
+"er alternativer til tradisjonelle bedrifter. Samlet endrer disse alternative "
+"markedsaktørene markedets regler og normer.32"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
msgstr ""
+"\"En bok om åpne forretningsmodeller\" er hvordan vi beskrev det i denne "
+"bokens Kickstarter-kampanje. Vi brukte en håndbok kalt \"Business Model "
+"Generation\" som vår referanse for å definere hva en forretningsmodell er. "
+"Utviklet over ni år med en \"åpen prosess\" som involverte 470 medforfattere "
+"fra 45 land, er den nyttig som et rammeverk for å omtale "
+"forretningsmodeller.33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
"start-ups plan their economic model."
msgstr ""
+"Den inneholder et \"lerret for forretningsmodeller\", som oppfatter at en "
+"forretningsmodell har ni byggestener.34 Dette tomme lerretet kan tjene som "
+"et verktøy for alle som vil lage sine egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset "
+"dette lerretet for forretningsmodeller til et lerret for en åpen "
+"virksomhetsmodell, og la til tre flere byggeklosser passende for "
+"fellesskapsbedrifter i et hybrid marked: Sosial nytte, Creative Commons-"
+"lisens, og \"type åpent miljø som virksomheten passer i\".35 Dette "
+"forbedrede lerret viste seg nyttig når vi analyserte bedrifter, og hjalp "
+"grundere å planlegge sin økonomiske modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
-"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
-"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
-"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
-"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
-"predefined model."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:912
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the commons-to-"
+"market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a business "
+"in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and commons "
+"values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or depicting "
+"what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with Creative "
+"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
+"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
+msgstr ""
+"I intervjuene i vår studie, uttrykte mange ubehag over å beskrive seg selv "
+"som å ha en åpen forretningsmodell - begrepet forretningsmodell foreslo "
+"primært å være plassert i markedet. Hvor du er plassert i spektret, fra "
+"felleseie - til marked, påvirker i hvilken grad du ser deg selv som en "
+"markedsbedrift. Jo mer sentralt for oppgaven delte ressurs- og allemannseie-"
+"verdiene er, jo mindre komfortabelt er det å beskrive seg, eller vise til "
+"hva du gjør, som en bedrift. Ikke alle som har oppgaver laget med Creative "
+"Commons bruker forretningsspråk; for noen har prosessen heller vært "
+"eksperimentell, vokst frem og organisk, enn nøye planlagt ved hjelp av en "
+"forhåndsdefinert modell."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"widely. Donations, pay what you can, memberships, “digital for free but "
-"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, patrons "
-". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
-"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
-"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
-msgstr ""
+"physical for a fee,” crowdfunding, matchmaking, value-add services, "
+"patrons . . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn "
+"revenue available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to "
+"Bring In Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and "
+"each endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more "
+"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
+msgstr ""
+"Bidragsyterne, bedrifter og organisasjoner vi profiler er alle engasjere i "
+"markedet for å generere inntekter på ulik måte. Hvordan dette gjøres "
+"varierer mye. Donasjoner, Betal hva du kan, Medlemskap, \"Digitalt gratis "
+"men fysisk for betaling, \"fellesfinansiering, matchmaking, verdiøkende "
+"tjenester, beskyttere ... listen fortsetter og fortsetter. (Første "
+"beskrivelse av hvordan å skaffe inntekt fremgår av referansenoten. Om "
+"seneste tenkning om det se \"Hvordan bringe inn penger\" i neste seksjon.)36 "
+"Det er ingen enkel, magisk kule, og hver oppgave har utviklet måter som "
+"passer for den. De fleste gjør bruk av mer enn én måte. Å diversifisere "
+"inntektsstrømmer reduserer risikoen og gir flere veier til bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-25\"></span>Benefits of the Digital Commons"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+msgstr "### Fordelene med Digital Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"why the market would engage with the commons. The digital commons offers "
"many benefits."
msgstr ""
+"Mens det kan være klart hvorfor felleseie-baserte organisasjoner ønsker å "
+"samhandle og engasjere seg med markedet (de trenger penger for å overleve), "
+"kan det være mindre opplagt hvorfor markedet vil engasjere med felleseier. "
+"Digitale allmenneier tilbyr mange fordeler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"to. Those that are Made with Creative Commons have a reduced need for sales "
"or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
msgstr ""
+"Felleseiene setter fart på formidlingen. Fri flyt av ressurser i felleseier "
+"tilbyr enorme stordriftsfordeler. Distribusjon er desentralisert, når alle "
+"de i felleseiet har myndighet til å dele ressursene de har tilgang til. Det "
+"som er laget med Creative Commons har et redusert behov for salg eller "
+"markedsføring. Desentralisert distribusjon forsterker leveranse og "
+"ekspertise."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
-"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
-"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
-"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
-"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
-"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
-"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
-"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948
+"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
+"The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front without "
+"payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no use of "
+"digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM frees "
+"them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to engage "
+"in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way the "
+"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
+"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
+msgstr ""
+"Commons sikrer tilgang for alle. Markedet har tradisjonelt operert ved å "
+"sette ressurser bak en betalingsvegg og krever betaling før tilgang. "
+"Felleseier åpner ressursene, og gir tilgang med en gang og uten betaling. De "
+"som er laget med Creative Commons gjøre lite eller ingen bruk av digital "
+"rettighetsadministrasjon (DRM) til å administrere ressurser. Ved ikke å "
+"bruke DRM frigjøres kostnadene ved å anskaffe DRM-teknologi og "
+"arbeidsressurser til å engasjere seg i straffepraksis knyttet til "
+"adgangsbegrensning. Måten fellesskapet gir tilgang til alle, jevner ut "
+"spillefeltet og fremmer inkludering, rettferdighet og redelighet."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and "
"many other socially beneficial practices."
msgstr ""
+"Allemannseie maksimerer deltakelse. Ressurser i felleseier kan brukes og er "
+"åpen for medvirkning av og fra alle. Å bruke andres ressurser, bidra med "
+"ditt eget, og blande ditt med andres for å skape nye arbeider er alle "
+"dynamiske skjemaer for deltakelse som er gjort mulig av commons. Å gjøre med "
+"Creative Commons betyr at du engasjerer så mange brukere av dine ressursene "
+"som mulig. Brukerne godkjenner, redigerer, remikser, heler, lokaliserer, "
+"oversetter og distribuerer. Felleseie gjør det mulig for folk direkte å "
+"delta i kulturer, kunnskapsbygging, til og med demokrati, og mange andre "
+"former for samfunnsnyttige praksis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, "
"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie sporer til innovasjon. Ressurser i hånden på flere personer som "
+"kan bruke dem, fører til nye ideer. Måten felleseide ressurser kan endres, "
+"tilpasses, og bedre resultatene i avledede arbeider som den "
+"opprinnelsespersonen aldri hadde forestilt seg. Noen bestrebelser i Creative "
+"Commons oppfordrer bevisst brukere til å fornye de delte ressursene. Dermed "
+"flyttes forskning og utvikling (R&D) blir utelukkende utføres innenfor "
+"organisasjonen til å være i fellesskapet.37 Fellesskap-basert innovasjon vil "
+"holde en organisasjon eller virksomhet på tærne. Den må fortsette å bidra "
+"med nye ideer, absorbere og bygge videre på toppen av andres innovasjoner og "
+"forvaltere ressursene3 og forholdet til fellesskapet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and "
"build on their work both locally and globally."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie øker rekkevidde og slagkraft. Digital commons er global. "
+"Ressurser kan opprettes for et lokalt eller regionalt behov, men de går vidt "
+"og bredt og genererer en global effekt. I den digitale verden er det ingen "
+"grenser mellom landene. Når du er i Made with reative Commons, er du ofte "
+"lokalt og globalt samtidig: Digital design som globalt distribueres men er "
+"laget og produsert lokalt. Digitale bøker eller musikk distribueres globalt, "
+"men opplesninger og konserter utført lokalt. Digitale felleseier forstørrer "
+"virkningen ved å koble bidragsyterne til dem som bruker og bygger videre på "
+"deres arbeid både lokalt og globalt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to "
"the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie er generativt. I stedet for trekke ut verdi, tilfører felleseie "
+"verdi. Digitaliserte ressurser blir ikke oppbrukt, men er der fortsatt, - og "
+"ved bruk, forbedret, tilpasset og lokalisert. Hvert bruk tilfører verdi. "
+"Markedet fokuserer på å generere verdi for virksomheten og kunden. "
+"Felleseier genererer verdi for et bredere spekter av mottakere inkludert "
+"virksomheten, forbrukeren, innholdsleverandøren, publikum og allmenneiet "
+"selv. Allmenneiets generative natur betyr at det er mer kostnadseffektivt og "
+"gir en høyere avkastning på investeringen. Verdi er ikke bare målt "
+"finansielt. Hver ny ressurs som legges til allmenningen gir verdi til "
+"publikum og bidrar til den samlede verdien av felleseiene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies "
"people."
msgstr ""
+"Allemannseier fører folk sammen for en felles sak. Allmenneier binder folk "
+"sammen om ansvaret for å administrere ressursene som et felles gode. "
+"Kostnader og fordeler for den enkelte balanseres med kostnader og fordeler "
+"for samfunnet og for fremtidige generasjoner. Ressursene er ikke anonyme "
+"eller masseproduserte. Opprinnelse er kjent og anerkjent gjennom "
+"henvisninger og andre virkemidler. De som er laget med Creative Commons "
+"genererer oppmerksomhet og omdømme basert på deres bidrag til fellesskapet. "
+"Innflytelsen og bærekraften til disse bidragene hviler i stor grad på deres "
+"evne til å etablere relasjoner og forbindelser med dem som bruker og "
+"forbedrer dem. Allemannseie forener folk ved å virke ut fra sitt sosiale "
+"engasjement, og ikke bed utveksling av penger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the "
"option of choice."
msgstr ""
+"Fordelene ved allmenninger mange. Når disse fordelene knyttes sammen med "
+"enkeltpersoners mål, samfunn, bedrifter i markedet, eller statlige "
+"virksomheter, burde det å administrere ressurser som et felleseie, være det "
+"valgte alternativet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1002
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-26\"></span>Our Case Studies"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
+msgid "### Our Case Studies"
+msgstr "### Våre referansestudier"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, "
"and are not just about the financial bottom line."
msgstr ""
+"I våre referanseløsninger opererer Innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner og "
+"bedrifter både som ideelle eller inntektsgivende organisasjoner, og som "
+"sosiale foretak. Uansett rettslig status har de alle sosiale oppdrag. Deres "
+"viktigste grunn til å være til, er å gjøre verden til et bedre sted, ikke "
+"for fortjenesten. Penger er et middel til å nå sosiale mål, og er ikke selv "
+"sluttmålet. De produserer en offentlig interesse for beslutninger, atferd og "
+"praksis. Transparens og tillit er svært viktig. Virkning og suksess måles "
+"mot sosiale målene uttrykt i idégrunnlaget, og gjelder ikke bare den "
+"finansielle bunnlinjen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are "
"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
msgstr ""
+"Referanse-studiene er basert på fortellingene vi ble fortalt av grunnleggere "
+"og viktige ansatte. I stedet for utelukkende ha økonomi som mål på suksess "
+"og bærekraft, understreket de sin oppgave, praksis og metodene som de måler "
+"suksess etter. Beregninger av suksess er en blanding av hvordan sosiale "
+"målene er nådd, og hvor bærekraftig organisasjonen er."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"physical resources. Others are born digital but can be made into physical "
"resources."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referansestudier er mangfoldige og spenner fra publisering - til "
+"utdanning og produksjon. Alle organisasjoner, bedrifter, og "
+"innholdsleverandører i studiene produserer digitale ressurser. Disse "
+"ressursene finnes i mange former, inkludert bøker, design, sanger, "
+"forskning, data, kulturelle uttrykk, undervisningsmateriell, grafiske ikoner "
+"og video. Noen er digitale representasjoner av fysiske ressurser. Andre er "
+"opprinnelig digitale men kan gjøres i fysiske ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"their preservation, curation, distribution, and enhancement. Access and "
"participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
msgstr ""
+"De skaper nye ressurser, eller bruker andres ressurser, eller kombinerer "
+"eksisterende ressurser for å lage noe nytt. De, og deres publikum, har alle "
+"en direkte, deltakende rolle i å håndtere disse ressursene, inkludert å ta "
+"vare på, bevare, distribuere og forbedre. Tilgang og deltakelse er åpen for "
+"alle uavhengig av økonomiske midler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"from nearly every continent in the world. To build and interact within this "
"global community is conducive to success."
msgstr ""
+"Som brukere av Creative Commons-lisenser, er de automatisk en del av et "
+"globalt samfunn. De nye digitale allmenneiene er globale. De vi har løftet "
+"frem kommer fra nesten alle verdens kontinenter. For å bygge og samhandle i "
+"dette globale samfunnet leder til suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"we heard in our interviews how success and sustainability are tied to a set "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
-"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
-"transparent. Defend the commons."
+"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are monetizing. "
+"Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop trust; "
+"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
+"commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons-lisenser kan uttrykke juridiske regler rundt bruken av "
+"ressurser i en allmenning, men suksess i felleseier krever mer enn å følge "
+"lovens bokstav og skaffe økonomiske midler. Igjen og igjen hørte vi i våre "
+"intervjuer hvordan suksess og bærekraft er knyttet til et sett av tro, "
+"verdier og prinsipper som ligger til grunn for deres handlinger: Gi mer enn "
+"du tar. Være åpen og inkluderende. Legge til verdi. Gjør synlig hva du "
+"bruker fra felleseier og hva du legger til og hva som er økonomisk. "
+"Maksimere overfloden. Henvis. Vis takknemlighet. Utvikle tillit; ikke "
+"utnytt. Bygg relasjoner og samfunn. Være transparent. Forsvar allmenneier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1055
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
"market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
+"Nye digitale felleseier er her å bli. Referansestudiene om Made With "
+"Creative Commons om hvordan det er mulig å være del av dette felleseie mens "
+"en fortsatt er i markedet og i statlig systemer. Allmenneie genererer "
+"fordeler verken markedet eller staten kan oppnå på egen hånd. Heller enn at "
+"markedet eller staten dominerer som primærinstans for ressursforvaltning, så "
+"er et mer balansert alternativ mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"digital commons. The remaining sections go deeper providing further guidance "
"and insights on how it works."
msgstr ""
+"Bedriftenes bruk av Creative Commons har bare såvidt begynt. Case-studiene i "
+"denne boken er bare startpunktet. De er i endring og utvikles over tid. "
+"Mange kommer med og finner nye modeller. Denne oversikten har som mål å gi "
+"rammeverk og språk for å tenke og snakke om nye digitale felleseier. De "
+"påfølgende kapitlene går dypere inn og gir ytterligere veiledning og innsikt "
+"i hvordan dette virker."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1064 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2290
-msgid "Notes"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
+msgid "### Notes"
+msgstr "### Merknader"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
+msgid ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Köhler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 15."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 145."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 175."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” i Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed bøker, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
+"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” i Frischmann, Madison, og Strandburg, Governing "
+"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1164
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
" a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
-" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n"
-" 2015), 201–4.\n"
+" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
+" 201–4.\n"
"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
" 22, 2016.\n"
"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n"
" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
-" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n"
-" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
+" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
+" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n"
-" September 24,\n"
-" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
+" September 24, 2016,\n"
+" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
-" City of Bologna,\n"
-" 2014), "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n"
" available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
-"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n"
-" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
+"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n"
+" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
-" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
-" Questions\n"
-" at "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" Questions at\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
-" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n"
-" at "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
msgstr ""
+"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
+"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
+" a Post-Carbon Economy,” i Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
+" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
+" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
+" 201–4.\n"
+"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; og Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
+" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
+" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
+"12. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78.\n"
+"13. Fritjof Capra og Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal\n"
+" System in Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA:\n"
+" Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; og Bollier, Think Like a\n"
+" Commoner, 88.\n"
+"14. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J.\n"
+" Strandburg, “Governing Knowledge Commons,” i Frischmann, Madison,\n"
+" and Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12.\n"
+"15. Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” i Elliott and\n"
+" Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203.\n"
+"16. “What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software\n"
+" Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30,\n"
+" 2016, www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.\n"
+"17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” senes endret i november\n"
+" 22, 2016.\n"
+"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” i The Cathedral and the\n"
+" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
+" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
+" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
+"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
+" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
+" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
+"20. “Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30,\n"
+" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n"
+"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
+" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
+"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” senest endret September "
+"24, 2016,\n"
+" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
+"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
+"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
+"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
+" Statement” accessed February 15, 2017,\n"
+" sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\n"
+"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
+" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
+" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
+" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
+" Sharing City, gå til www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
+"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
+" York: OR Books, 2015), 42.\n"
+"29. Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by\n"
+" Giving Something for Nothing, Reprint med nytt forord. (New York:\n"
+" Hyperion, 2010), 78.\n"
+"30. Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of\n"
+" Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism\n"
+" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 273.\n"
+"31. Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next\n"
+" American Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a\n"
+" Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up (White River\n"
+" Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39.\n"
+"32. Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership\n"
+" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n"
+" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n"
+"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
+" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Forhåndslesing av boken er "
+"mulig hos strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
+"34. Dette opplegget for forretningsmodell kan lastes ned hos\n"
+" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
+"35. Vi har åpnet “Open Business Model Canvas,” designet av medforfatter Paul "
+"Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet her "
+"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit."
+"\n"
+" Du kan også finne det tilhørende Open Business Model Canvas\n"
+" Questions på\n"
+" "
+"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit."
+"\n"
+"36. En mer omfattende liste over inntektsstrømmer er tilgjengelig i denne "
+"posten jeg skrev i Medium 6. mars 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
+" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, tilgjengelig herfra:\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-"
+"how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
+" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
+" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1166
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-27\"></span>How"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-28\"></span>to Be"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-29\"></span>Made with"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
+msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-30\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
+msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1174
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-31\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1176
-msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
-"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of "
-"it."
+"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
+"Da vi startet dette prosjektet i August 2015, startet vi for å skrive en bok "
+"om forretningsmodeller som i noe omfang involverer Creative Commons-lisenser "
+"- det vi kaller Made With Creative Commons. Ved hjelp av våre Kickstarter-"
+"støttespillere valgte vi tjuefire arbeidsopplegg fra hele verden laget med "
+"Creative Commons. Blandingen er variert, fra en enkelt musiker til en "
+"utgiver av lærebøker for universitetet, over til en elektronikkprodusent. "
+"Noen lager sitt eget innhold og deler under Creative Commons lisensiering. "
+"Andre er plattformer for CC-lisensierte kreative arbeider gjort av andre. "
+"Mange sitter et sted imellom både som bruker og som bidragsyter til skapende "
+"arbeid som er delt med offentligheten. Som for alle som bruker lisensene, er "
+"disse oppleggene for å dele sitt arbeid, - enten det er åpne dataprogrammer "
+"eller møbeldesign - på en måte som gjør at offentligheten ikke bare å får "
+"tilgang til dem, men også å kan bruke den."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"Commons. In our interviews, we dug into the motivations, the role of CC "
"licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
msgstr ""
+"Vi analyserte inntektsmodeller, kundesegmenter og forslag til verdier for "
+"hver oppgave. Vi søkte etter måter som, ved å sette innholdet under Creative "
+"Commons-lisense, hjalp til å øke salget eller øke utbredelsen. Å bruker "
+"tradisjonelle tiltak for økonomisk suksess, prøvde vi å kartlegge disse "
+"forretningsmodeller slik at de meningsfullt kunne inkluderes i "
+"innvirkningen av Creative Commons. I våre intervjuer gikk vi inn i "
+"motivasjonen, rollen CC til lisenser, ulike former for inntekter, og "
+"definisjoner av suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"research."
msgstr ""
+"På relativt kort tid skjønte vi boken vi gikk ut for å skrive, var ganske "
+"forskjellig fra den som dukket frem i våre intervjuer og forskning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"were we wrong that there are business models out there that others who want "
-"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could "
-"replicate. What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to "
-"write a book about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business "
-"lens."
+"to use CC licensing as part of their livelihood or business could replicate. "
+"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
+"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke at vi tok feil i å tro at du kan tjene penger når du bruker "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser. I mange tilfeller hjelpe CC til å tjene mer "
+"penger. Heller ikke tok vi feil i at det er forretningsmodeller der ute som "
+"andre, som ønsker å bruke CC-lisenser som en del av sitt levebrød eller sin "
+"bedrift, kan benytte. Hva vi skjønte var hvor misforstått det ville være å "
+"skrive en bok om Made with Creative Commons og bare bruker "
+"forretningsvirksomhet som fokus."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to "
"mean.”"
msgstr ""
+"Ifølgeden banebrytende håndboken Business Model Generation, en "
+"forretingsmodell som \"beskriver begrunnelsen for hvordan en organisasjon "
+"skaper, leverer og fanger inn verdi.\"1 Tenking om deling i betydningen å "
+"skape og fange inn verdier, føltes alltid uriktig transaksjonsbasert og "
+"malplassert, noe vi hørt gang på gang i våre intervjuer. Og som Cory "
+"Doctorow fortalt oss i vårt intervju med ham, \"forretningsmodell kan bety "
+"alt dere mener det skal bety.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1224
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
+"Til slutt fikk vi det inn. Made with Creative Commons er mer enn en "
+"forretningsmodell. Mens vi vil snakke om bestemte inntektsmodeller som en "
+"del av vår analyse (og mer detaljert i referansestudiene), skrotet vi det "
+"som som vår styrende overskrift for boken."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"interacted. But there is no formula. You’ll probably have to discard that "
"way of thinking before you read any further."
msgstr ""
+"Riktignok er tok det lang tid for meg å komme dit. Når Paul og jeg delt opp "
+"vår skriving etter avsluttet forskning, var mitt ansvar å løfte frem alt vi "
+"lært fra referansestudiene og skrive opp praktiske leksjoner og snarveier. "
+"Jeg tilbrakte måneder med å prøve å få frem det vi lærte i boksen for "
+"forretningsmodell, overbevist om det var en formel for hvordan ting hang "
+"sammen. Men det var ingen formel. Du vil sannsynligvis måtte kaste den måten "
+"å tenke på før du leser videre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1242
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"revenue model later. This was our first hint that writing a book solely "
"about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
msgstr ""
+"I hver intervju startet vi med de samme enkle spørsmålene. Blant alle "
+"variasjonene hos bidragsytere, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi gjennomgikk, "
+"det var det en konstant. Made with Creative Commons kan være bra for "
+"forretningen, men det er ikke derfor de de gjør det. Å dele arbeidet med "
+"Creative Commons, er i bunn og grunn en moralsk beslutning. Kommersielle og "
+"andre fordeler i egeninteresse er sekundære. De fleste besluttet å bruke CC "
+"lisenser først, og fant en omsetning modell senere. Dette var vårt første "
+"hint, at å skrive en bok bare om virkningen av deling i ett "
+"forretningspespektiv kan være litt utenfor sporet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1248
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
"that symbolism has many layers."
msgstr ""
+"Men vi har også begynt å innse noe om hva det betyr å være Made with "
+"Creative Commons. Når folk snakket med oss om hvordan og hvorfor de brukte "
+"CC, ble det klart at det betydde noe mer enn å bruke en lisens for "
+"opphavsrett. Det representerte og et verdisett. Det er symbolikk bak å bruke "
+"CC, og den symbolikken har mange lag."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
+"På ett nivå uttrykker Made with Creative Commons en tilknytning til "
+"betydningen av Creative Commons. Mens det er mange forskjellige variasjoner "
+"av CC lisenser, og nesten uendelige måter for å være Made with Creative "
+"Commons, den grunnleggende verdisystemet er forankret i en grunnleggende tro "
+"på at kunnskap og kreativitet er byggesteinene i vår kultur, heller enn bare "
+"varer som har en markedsverdi som gir inntekt. Disse verdiene gjenspeiler "
+"troen på at fellesgodet alltid bør være en del av sammenhengen når vi "
+"bestemmer hvordan vi regulerer vår kulturelle produksjon. De gjenspeiler en "
+"tro på at alle har noe å bidra med, og at ingen kan eie vår felles kultur. "
+"De gjenspeiler en tro på løftet om å dele."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of "
"connection."
msgstr ""
+"Om publikum gjør bruk av muligheten til å kopiere og tilpasse sitt arbeid, "
+"er å dele med en Creative Commons-lisens et symbol på hvordan du skal "
+"kommunisere med personer som bruker ditt arbeidet. Når du oppretter noe, er "
+"\"alle rettigheter reservert\" med opphavsrett automatisk, så "
+"opphavsrettsymbolet (©) på arbeidet formidles ikke nødvendigvis som en "
+"markør av mistro eller overdreven proteksjonisme. Men å bruke en CC-lisens "
+"kan være et symbol på det motsatte - av at en ønsker en ekte menneskelig "
+"relasjon, i stedet for en upersonlig markedstansaksjon. Det etterlater en "
+"åpen mulighet for forbindelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
+"Made with Creative Commons viser ikke bare verdiene med CC og å dele. Det "
+"viser også at noe annet enn at profitt driver hva man gjør. I våre "
+"intervjuer spurte vi alltid hva suksess var for dem. Det var overraskende "
+"hvor sjelden penger ble nevnt. De fleste har en dypere hensikt og et annet "
+"syn på suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1286
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal "
"use and meaning.”"
msgstr ""
+"Motivasjonen varierer avhengig av hva en skal oppnå. For individuelle "
+"innholdsleverandører er det oftest en personlig inspirasjon. På noen måter "
+"er dette ikke noe nytt. Som Doctorow har skrevet, \"skapere starter "
+"vanligvis å gjøre hva de gjør av kjærlighet.\"2 Men når du deler din "
+"skapende arbeid under en CC-lisens, er denne dynamikken enda mer uttalt. "
+"Tilsvarende for teknologiske innovatører, gjelder det ofte mindre å skape en "
+"bestemt ny ting som vil gjøre deg rik men mer om å løse et bestemt problem "
+"du har. Skaperne av Arduino fortalte oss at de viktigste spørsmålet når du "
+"oppretter noe er \"vil du som lager det, bruke det? Det må ha en personlig "
+"bruk og betydning.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"with a straight face if they weren’t willing to show the world that it was "
"OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
+"Mange som bruker Made with Creative Commons har et uttrykt sosialt formål "
+"som underbygger alt de gjør. I mange tilfeller gir å dele med Creative "
+"Commons klare fremskritt for dette sosiale formålet, og å bruke lisensene "
+"kan være forskjellen mellom legitimitet og hykleri. Medgrunnlegger Edward "
+"Boatman i Noun Project fortalte at de ikke kunne ha formulert sitt "
+"samfunnsoppdrag med å dele med ansiktet i riktige folder hvis de ikke var "
+"villig til å vise verden at det var OK å dele innholdet med en Creative "
+"Commons-lisens."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"where profit is not paramount, and producing social good and human "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
+"Denne dynamikken er nok en grunn til hvorfor det er så mange nonprofit "
+"eksempler på Made with Creative Commons. Innholdet er resultatet av en "
+"innsats en føler mye for eller et verktøy for å oppnå sosial endring, og "
+"penger er som gassen i bilen, noe som du må holde i gang, men ikke er et mål "
+"i seg selv. Made with Creative Commons er et annet syn på en bedrift eller "
+"et levebrød, der profitt ikke er avgjørende, men å produsere et sosial gode "
+"og menneskelig tilknytning er en integrert del for å oppnå suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om profitt ikke er sluttmålet, må det bringes penger inn for å være "
+"velykket med Made with Creative Commons. Som et absolutt minimum må du tjene "
+"nok til å holde lysene påslått."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of "
"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
msgstr ""
+"Kostnadene for å gjøre forretninger varierer ved bruk av CC, men det er "
+"vanligvis en mye lavere terskel for lønnsomhet enn det pleide å være for "
+"kreative innsatser. Digital teknologi har gjort det enklere enn noensinne å "
+"lage og enklere enn noensinne å distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok \""
+"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free\", \"Hvis analoge dollar har snudd til "
+"digitale skillemynt (som kritikere av annonse-støttede media vil ha det til)"
+", er det det faktum at det er mulig å drive en forretning som får samme "
+"mengde reklame som sine forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the "
"creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
msgstr ""
+"Noen igangsettingskostnader er de samme som de alltid har vært. Det tar like "
+"mye tid og penger til å skrive en fagfellevurdert tidsskriftsartikkel eller "
+"male et maleri. Teknologi endrer ikke på det. Men andre kostnader er "
+"dramatisk redusert med teknologi, særlig i produksjon-tunge områder som "
+"filmproduksjon.3 CC-lisensiert innhold og innhold i den offentlige sfæren, "
+"samt arbeidet til frivillige samarbeidspartnere, kan også redusere kostnader "
+"hvis de brukes som ressurser til å lage noe nytt. Og, selvfølgelig, er det "
+"realiteten at noe innhold lages enten den som lager det blir betalt eller "
+"ikke, fordi det lages ut fra overbevisning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways "
"money is being made, like touring or custom training."
msgstr ""
+"Å distribuere innhold er nesten universelt billigere enn noensinne. Når "
+"innhold er laget, er kostnadene ved å distribuere kopier digitalt egentlig "
+"null.4 Kostnadene til å distribuere fysisk kopier er fortsatt betydelige, "
+"men lavere enn de har vært sett historisk. Og det er nå mye enklere å skrive "
+"ut og distribuere fysiske kopier på forespørsel, noe som også reduserer "
+"kostnadene. Avhengig av oppgaven, det kan være en hel rekke andre utgifter "
+"som markedsføring og promotering, og selv utgifter forbundet med ulike måter "
+"pengene kommer inn på, som reising eller tilpasset opplæring."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1351
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of "
"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
msgstr ""
+"Det er viktig å innse at den største effekten av teknologi for kreative "
+"oppgaver er at bidragsyterne nå selv kan stå for kostnadene for å utføre "
+"oppgaven og distribusjonen. Ofte har folk selv nå en direkte rute til sitt "
+"potensielle publikum uten nødvendigvis å trenge mellomledd som "
+"plateselskaper og bokutgivere. Doctorow skrev, \"Hvis du er en "
+"innholdsleverandør som aldri fikk et klokkeslettet fra en av de store "
+"imperialistiske maktene, dette er din tid. Der en gang du ikke hadde noen "
+"mulighet til å nå ut til et publikum uten hjelp av industri-dominerte mega-"
+"selskaper, nå har hundrevis av måter å gjøre det på uten dem\"5 Tidligere "
+"innebar distribusjon av skapende arbeid kostnadene knyttet til å "
+"opprettholde en monolittisk enhet, nå kan skaperne gjøre dette arbeidet "
+"selv. Det betyr at de finansielle forutsetningene for kreativt innhold kan "
+"være mye mer beskjedne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
-"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and "
-"profit. SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
+"is more about sustainability and less about unlimited growth and profit. "
+"SparkFun founder Nathan Seidle told us, “Business model is a really "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
+"Enten det er for en individuell bidragsyter eller en større oppgave, er det "
+"vanligvis ikke nok til å gå i balanse om det en ønsker å gjøre, skal bli et "
+"levebrød. Du må bygge inn noen støtte til generell drift. Denne ekstra "
+"delen ser ulikt ut for alle, men viktigere, i nesten alle tilfeller de som "
+"er \"Made with Creative Commons\", er definisjonen av \"nok penger\" mye "
+"annerledes enn i verden av risikovillig kapital og aksjeopsjoner. Det er mer "
+"om bærekraft og mindre om ubegrenset vekst og fortjeneste. Som SparkFun "
+"grunnlegger Nathan Seidle fortalte oss, \"Forretningsmodell er et virkelig "
+"store ord for det. Det gjelder egentlig bare å holde operasjonen gående fra "
+"dag til dag.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"profile in this book are blazing the trail and adapting in real time as they "
"pursue this new way of operating."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken er et testament til ideen om at det er mulig å tjene penger mens "
+"du bruker CC-lisenser og CC-lisensiert innhold, men vi er fortsatt svært mye "
+"på eksperimentstadiet. Innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner, og bedrifter "
+"som vi profilerer i denne boken, blitser opp veien videre i sanntid når de "
+"forfølger denne nye måten å operere på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1372
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"“problem zero.”"
msgstr ""
+"Det er imidlertid mange måter der CC-lisenser kan være bra for forretningen "
+"på ganske forutsigbare måter. Først, hvordan hjelper det å løse \"problem "
+"null.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1374
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-32\"></span>Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
+msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+msgstr "### Problem Zero: Å bli oppdaget"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to "
"the masses."
msgstr ""
+"Når du oppretter eller samler ditt innhold, er det neste trinnet er å finne "
+"brukere, kunder, fans - med andre ord, folk. Som Amanda Palmer skrev, er\""
+"Det må starte med kunsten. Sangene måtte røre folk først, og mene noe, om "
+"noe skal virke i det hele tatt.\"6 Det er ikke noe magi å finne dine, og det "
+"er absolutt ingen formel. Arbeidet ditt er å få kontakt med folk og tilby "
+"dem noe med kunstnerisk og/eller nytteverdi. På noen måter er det enklere "
+"enn noensinne. På nettet er vi ikke begrenset av hylleplass, så det er rom "
+"for alle tenkelige særinteresser, smak og behov. Dette er hva Chris Anderson "
+"kalte den lange halen, hvor forbruket mindre er om bredspekrede \"treff\" og "
+"mer om mikromarkeder for hver enkelt nisje. Som Anderson skrev, \"Vi er alle "
+"forskjellige, med forskjellige ønsker og behov, og Internett har nå en plass "
+"for dem alle på en måte som fysiske markeder ikke gjorde.\"7 Vi er ikke "
+"lenger begrenset til hva som appellerer til massene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, "
"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
msgstr ""
+"Samtidig som å finne \"dine folk\" på nettet teoretisk er enklere enn i den "
+"analoge verden, kan det, som et praktisk spørmål, fortsatt være vanskelig å "
+"faktisk bli lagt merke til. Internett er en brannslange med innhold, som "
+"bare vokser minutt for minutt. Som innholdleverandør, konkurrerer du også "
+"mot kreativitet som er generert utenfor markedet.8 Anderson skrev, \"Den "
+"største endringen i det siste tiåret har vært skifte i tiden folk bruker på "
+"amatørinnhold i stedet for profesjonelt innhold.\"9 For å toppe det hele, du "
+"må konkurrere med resten av deres liv, også - \"venner, familie, "
+"musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og kveld på byen.\"10 På en eller annen "
+"måte må du bli lagt merke til av de rette folkene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
+"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the work. "
+"If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting "
+"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
+"Når du kommer til Internettet med en all-rettigheter-reservert mentalitet "
+"når du starter, begrenser du ofte adgangen til innholdet ditt før det engang "
+"er blitt noen etterspørsel etter det. I mange tilfeller, er å kreve betaling "
+"for innholdet en del av tradisjonelle opphavsrett-systemet. Selv en liten "
+"pris har en stor effekt på etterspørselen. Det kalles \"penny gap\": Den "
+"store forskjellen i etterspørsel mellom noe som er tilgjengelig til prisen "
+"på ett øre mot en pris på null.11 Det betyr ikke at det er galt å ta betalt "
+"for innholdet. Det betyr bare du må innse hvilken betydning dette vil ha på "
+"etterspørselen. Det samme prinsippet gjelder ved å begrense tilgangen til å "
+"kopiere arbeidet. Hvis problemet ditt er å bli oppdaget og finne \"dine "
+"folk\", virker å hindre folk fra å kopiere arbeidet ditt og dele det med "
+"andre mot sin hensikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig, det er ikke at å bli oppdaget av folk som liker arbeidet ditt "
+"vil gjøre deg rik - langt fra det. Men som Cory Doctorow sier, \""
+"anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk "
+"suksess.\"12"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"this decision has generated an immense amount of goodwill within the "
"community."
msgstr ""
+"Å velge å ikke å bruke tid og energi på å begrense tilgangen til ditt arbeid "
+"med og forfølge overtredelser bygger også goodwill. Lumen Learning, et for-"
+"fortjeneste selskap som utgir læremidler på nett, tok en tidlig avgjørelse "
+"om ikke å forhindre studentene adgang innholdet, selv i form av en liten "
+"betalingsvegg, fordi det negativt ville påvirke student suksess på en måte "
+"som ville undergrave samfunnsoppdraget bak det de gjør. De tror denne "
+"beslutningen har generert en betydelig mengde goodwill i samfunnet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to "
"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare det at begrenset tilgang til innholdet ditt undergraver "
+"ditt sosiale oppdrag. Det kan også fremmedgjøre folk som mest verdsetter din "
+"kreative innsats. Hvis folk liker ditt arbeid, blir deres naturlig instinkt "
+"å dele det med andre. Men som David Bollier skrev, \"vår naturlige "
+"menneskelige impulser til å imitere og dele - essensen av hva kultur er - "
+"har blitt kriminalisert.\"13"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing "
"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
msgstr ""
+"Det faktum at kopiering kan innebære straffeansvar forhindrer utvilsomt "
+"kopiering, men kopiering ved å klikke på en knapp er for enkelt og praktisk "
+"til noensinne å få en fullstendig stopp for det. Forsøk som opphavsretts--"
+"industrien å overbevise oss om det motsatte, å kopierer et åndsprodukt føles "
+"ikke som å stjele et brød. Og, selvfølgelig, det er fordi det ikke gjør "
+"det. Å dele skapende arbeid har ingen innvirkning på noen annens mulighet "
+"til å gjøre bruk av det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
+"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-"
+"resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain and "
+"making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
msgstr ""
+"Tar du for gitt endel kopiering og deling av arbeidet ditt, kan du investere "
+"tid og ressurser andre steder enn å kaste dem bort på å leke katt og mus med "
+"folk som vil kopiere og dele ditt innhold. Lizzy Jongma fra Rijksmuseum sa, "
+"\"vi kan bruke mye penger på å prøve å beskytte verkene, men folk kommer til "
+"å gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet.\" I "
+"stedet startet de med å utgi høyoppløselige digitale kopier fra sine "
+"samlinger i det offentlige rom og gjøre dem tilgjengelige gratis fra sin "
+"hjemmeside. For dem var deling en form for kvalitetskontroll av kopiene som "
+"uunngåelig ville blitt delt på nettet. Å gjør dette betydde å gi avkall "
+"inntektene de tidligere fikk fra salg av digitale bilder. Men Lizzy sier det "
+"var en liten pris å betale for alle mulighetene som deling låste opp for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1465
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
+"Å ha brukt Made with Creative Commons betyr du slutter å tenke på måter å "
+"kunstig gjøre innholdet til et knapphetsgode, og i stedet utnytte det som "
+"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.14 Når du ser informasjonsoverflod "
+"som en funksjon, ikke en feil, begynner du å tenke på måter å bruke denne "
+"tomgangskapasiteten til din fordel. Som min venn og kollega Eric Steuer "
+"engang sa, \"å bruke CC-lisenser viser du har taket på Internettet.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work "
"they never could have done otherwise."
msgstr ""
+"Cory Doctorow sier det koster ham ingenting når andre mennesker lager kopier "
+"av hans arbeid, når det åpner muligheten for at han kan få noe i tilbake.15 "
+"På samme måte, skaperne av Arduino Boards visste det var umulig å stoppe "
+"folk fra å kopiere maskinvaren deres, så de besluttet ikke å selv engang å "
+"prøve på det, og i stedet se etter fordelene ved å være åpne. For dem er "
+"resultatet en av de mest utbredte datakort i verden, med et blomstrende "
+"nettsamfunn (community) av tenkere og innovatører som har bidratt med ting "
+"som de selv aldri kunne ha gjort på noen annen måte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
+"Det er alle slags måte å utnytte kraften i å dele og remikse til din fordel. "
+"Her er noen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1479
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-33\"></span>Use CC to grow a larger audience"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+msgstr "#### Bruk CC for å finne et større publikum"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is "
"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
msgstr ""
+"Å gi innholdet ditt Creative Commons-lisens, vil ikke automatisk gjøre at "
+"det går viralt, men å eliminere juridiske hindringer for å kopiering vil "
+"absolutt ikke svekke sjansene for at arbeidet deles. CC-lisens symboliserer "
+"at deling er velkomment. Den kan fungere som et lite klapp på skulderen til "
+"de som kommer over arbeidet – et lite dytt til å kopiere arbeidet om de "
+"fornemmer det. Forutsatt at alt annet er likt, hvis ett stykke innhold har "
+"et skilt som sier \"Del\" og det andre sier \"Ikke del\" (som er det \"©\" "
+"betyr), hvilket tror du det er mer sannsynlig at folk deler?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
-"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
-"CC-licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
+"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
+"licensed, and they are copied and reshared on other sites by design. This "
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
+"The Conversation er et nyhetsnettsted med dyptgående artikler skrevet av "
+"akademikere som er eksperter på spesifikke emner. Alle artiklene er CC-"
+"lisensierte, og de kopieres og deles videre til andre bestemte områder. "
+"Denne voksende effekten, som spores, er en sentral del av verdien for de "
+"akademiske forfattere som ønsker å nå så mange lesere som mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more "
"accessible and likely to spread."
msgstr ""
+"Ideen om at flere øyne faller sammen med mer suksess, er en form for "
+"maksimumstrategi, adoptert av Google og andre teknologiselskaper. Ifølge "
+"Eric Schmidt i Google er ideen enkel: \"Uansett hva du gjør, gjør det med "
+"maksimum distribusjon. Den andre måten å si dette på er at når de marginale "
+"distribusjonskostnadene er gratis, kan du også legge ut ting overalt.\"16 "
+"Denne strategien motiverer ofte selskaper til å gjøre sine produkter og "
+"tjenester gratis (dvs. til ingen kostnad), men den samme logikken gjelder "
+"for å dele innhold fritt. Fordi CC-lisensiert innhold er gratis (i kostnad) "
+"og fritt kan deles, gjør CC lisensiering innholdet enda mer tilgjengelig og "
+"sannsynligvis til å bli spredt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
-"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
-"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
+"The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following your work "
+"spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because we simply "
+"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
+"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du lykkes i å nå flere brukere, lesere, lyttere eller andre brukere av "
+"arbeidet, kan du starte med å benytte deg av bandwagon-effekten. Det enkle "
+"faktum er at andre folk som bruker eller følger ditt arbeide sporer andre "
+"til å gjøre same.17 Dette er delvis fordi vi ganske enkelt har en tendens "
+"til å engasjere seg oss i flokkatferd, men det er også fordi en stor "
+"følgeskare delvis er indikator på kvalitet eller nytteverdi.18"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1519
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-34\"></span>Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
+msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgstr "### Å bruke CC for å få henvisninger og navnegjenkjenning"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
-"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
-"material. CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public "
-"domain, does not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities "
-"still give credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, "
-"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
-"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
-"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1545
+"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
+"CC0, not a license but a tool used to put work in the public domain, does "
+"not make attribution a legal requirement, but many communities still give "
+"credit as a matter of best practices and social norms. In fact, it is social "
+"norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most often motivate "
+"people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the CC license terms "
+"anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, within both the "
+"marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect a set of wishes "
+"on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people "
+"are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case "
+"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
+"fairness as providing credit."
+msgstr ""
+"Hver Creative Commons-lisens krever at forfatteren gis referanse, og at "
+"gjenbrukere gir en lenke tilbake til den opprinnelige kilden for materialet. "
+"CC0, er ikke en lisens, men et verktøy som brukes til å legge arbeider ut i "
+"den offentlige sfæren, gjør ikke henvisning juridisk påkrevd, men mange "
+"fellesskap gir fortsatt henvisninger i tråd med beste praksis og sosiale "
+"normer. Faktisk er det sosiale normer, heller enn trusselen om juridiske "
+"håndhevelse, som oftest uansett motiverer folk til å henvise og ellers "
+"overholde lisensvilkårene i CC. Dette er særkjennet på et velfungerende "
+"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet i stort.19 CC-lisenser gjenspeiler "
+"et sett av ønsker fra bidragsyterne, og i de aller fleste tilfelle, er folk "
+"naturligvis tilbøyelige til å følge de ønskene. Dette er spesielt tilfelle "
+"for noe så rett frem og samsvarende med grunnleggende forestillinger om "
+"rimelighet som å gi henvisning."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"a brand. The drive to associate your name with your work is not just based "
"on commercial motivations, it is fundamental to authorship. Knowledge "
-"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of "
-"CC-licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around "
-"the United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
+"Unlatched is a nonprofit that helps to subsidize the print production of CC-"
+"licensed academic texts by pooling contributions from libraries around the "
+"United States. The CEO, Frances Pinter, says that the Creative Commons "
"license on the works has a huge value to authors because reputation is the "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
+"Det faktum at navnet på innholdsleverandøren følger med i et CC-lisensiert "
+"arbeid, gjør lisensene til et viktig middel for å utvikle et omdømme, eller "
+"i bedriftenes språk, en merkevare. Drivkraften bak å knytte ditt navn til "
+"ditt arbeid er ikke bare basert på en kommersiell motivasjon, det er "
+"grunnleggende i forfatterskapet. Åpent - er en ideell egenskap som bidrar "
+"til å subsidiere produksjonen av CC-lisensierte akademiske tekster ved "
+"samling og deling av bidrag fra biblioteker rundt i USA. Direktøren, Frances "
+"Pinter, sier at Creative Commons-lisensen på verker har en stor verdi for "
+"forfattere fordi omdømme er den viktigste valutaen for akademikere. Deling "
+"med CC er en måte for å få flest til å se og sitere ditt arbeide."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"transform the design into something tangible is part of the power of their "
"platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
msgstr ""
+"Å bli navngitt kan være om mer enn bare å motta godskriving. Det kan også "
+"være om å etablere kilden. Naturligvis ønsker folk å vite hvor innholdet kom "
+"fra - kilden til et arbeid er noen ganger like interessant som selve "
+"arbeidet. Opendesk er en plattform for møbeldesignere til å dele sine "
+"design. Forbrukere som liker disse designene kan deretter bli koblet med "
+"lokale produsenter som omsetter tegninger til virkelige møbler. Det faktum "
+"at jeg sitter i USA, kan plukke ut en design laget av designer i Tokyo og "
+"deretter bruke en produsent i min eget lokalsamfunn til å forvandle designet "
+"til noe håndfast, inngår i kraft av denne plattform. Opphavet til designet "
+"blir en spesiell del av produktet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1565
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
-"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
-"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
-"identify the source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing "
-"the author of a work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a "
-"time when online discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted "
-"information source is more valuable than ever."
+"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
+"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
+"source and quality of a particular good and service, knowing the author of a "
+"work gives the public a way to assess its credibility. In a time when online "
+"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
+"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
+"Å vite hvor arbeidet kommer fra er også avgjørende for å sørge for "
+"troverdigheten. Akkurat som et varemerke er utformet for å gi forbrukerne "
+"mulighet til å identifisere kilden og kvaliteten til et bestemt gode og en "
+"tjeneste, gir det å kjenne til forfatteren av et arbeid publikum en mulighet "
+"til å vurdere arbeidets troverdighet. I en tid når nettdiskusjon er plaget "
+"med feilinformasjon, er det å være en pålitelig informasjonskilde mer "
+"verdifullt enn noensinne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1567
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-35\"></span>Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
+msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+msgstr "#### Å bruke CC-lisensiert innhold som markedsføringsverktøy"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"performance of the CC content. In all cases, the CC content can attract "
"people to your other product or service."
msgstr ""
+"Som vi vil dekke mer detaljert senere, mange arbeider som er \"Made with "
+"Creative Commons\" tjener penger ved å tilby et annet produkt eller en "
+"tjeneste enn det CC-lisensierte arbeidet. Noen ganger er det andre produktet "
+"eller tjenesten ikke relatert til CC-innholdet. Andre ganger er det en "
+"fysisk utgave eller liveopptreden med CC-innholdet. I alle tilfeller kan CC-"
+"innholdet trekke folk til dine andre produkter eller tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
-"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
-"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the radio. "
+"Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), free "
+"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
+"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+msgstr ""
+"Knowlegde Unlatched's Pinter fortalte oss at hun igjen og igjen har sett "
+"hvordan det å tilby CC-lisensierte innhold - som er digitalt gratis - "
+"faktisk øker salg av de trykte varene fordi det fungerer som et "
+"markedsføringsverktøy. Vi ser dette fenomenet regelmessig med kjente "
+"kunstverk. Mona Lisa er trolig den mest gjenkjennelige maleriet på planeten. "
+"Denne allestedsnærværselen utløser interessen for å ville se maleriet selv, "
+"og eie fysiske goder med avbildningen. Rikelig med kopier av innholdet, "
+"lokker ofte til mer etterspørsel, ikke til redusert. Et annet eksempel er "
+"når radioen kom. Selv om musikkbransjen ikke så det komme (og kjempet mot "
+"den!), fungerte gratis musikk på radio som reklame for den betalte versjonen "
+"folk kjøpte i musikkforretninger.20 Gratis kan være en form for "
+"markedsføring."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then "
"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
"providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money "
-"and"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1602
-msgid ""
-"resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
+"and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
"textbooks)."
msgstr ""
+"I noen tilfeller trenger arbeid utført med Creative Commons ikke engang egne "
+"markedsførings-team eller -budsjetter. Cards Against Humanity er et CC-"
+"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig som en gratis nedlasting. Og på grunn av "
+"det (takk til CC-lisensen på spillet) sier de som laget det at det en av de "
+"best markedsførte spillene i verden, og de har aldri brukt en krone på "
+"markedsføring. Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax har også sluppet å ansette et "
+"markedsføringsteam. Deres produkter er gratis, eller billigere å kjøpe som "
+"fysiske kopier, noe som gjør dem mye mer attraktive for studenter, som "
+"deretter krever dem fra sine universiteter. De samarbeider også med "
+"tjenesteleverandører som bygger videre oppå det CC-lisensierte innholdet og, "
+"igjen, bruker penger og ressurser på å markedsføring disse tjenestene (og "
+"dermed OpenStax lærebøker)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1605
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-36\"></span>Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your "
-"work"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
+msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
+msgstr "### Bruke CC til å aktivere hands-on engasjement fra med arbeidet ditt"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"technology. The Internet opened up a whole new world of possibilities for "
"public participation in creative work."
msgstr ""
+"Den store lovnaden med Creative Commons-lisensiering er at den omfavner en "
+"remiksings-kultur. Dette er faktisk det store løftet med digital teknologi. "
+"Internettet åpnet opp en helt ny verden av muligheter for offentlig "
+"deltakelse i skapende arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1620
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than others. "
+"With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the content "
+"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
+"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
+"Fire av de seks CC-lisensene åpner for gjenbruk å bygge på, eller på andre "
+"måter tilpasse arbeidet. Avhengig av sammenhengen, kan tilpasning bety vidt "
+"forskjellige ting, - oversettelse, oppdatering, lokalisering, forbedring, "
+"transformering. De gjør det mulig for et arbeid å bli tilpasset til "
+"spesielle behov, bruk, mennesker og samfunn, som er en annen distinkt verdi "
+"å tilby til offentligheten.21 Tilpasning er mer en endring av spillereglene "
+"i noen sammenhenger enn i andre. Med læremidler er muligheten til å tilpasse "
+"og oppdatere innholdet kritisk viktig for nytteverdien. For fotografi er "
+"muligheten til å tilpasse et bilde mindre viktig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be "
"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
msgstr ""
+"Dette er en måte å motvirke mulige ulemper i overfloden av gratis og åpent "
+"innhold beskrevet ovenfor. Som Anderson skrev i Free, \"Folk bryr seg ofte "
+"så mye om ting de ikke betaler for, og som et resultat de tenker ikke så mye "
+"om hvordan de bruker dem..\" 22 Hvis selv en så liten viljekraft som å "
+"betale én penny for noe, endrer vår oppfatning av den tingen, så vil sikkert "
+"å remikse det forbedre vår oppfatning ekspotensielt.23 Vi vet at folk vil "
+"betale mer for produkter de hadde en del i å lage.24 Og vi vet at å skape "
+"noe, uansett hvilken kvalitet, bringer med seg en slags kreativ tilfredshet "
+"som kan aldri bli erstattet av å bruke noe som er laget av noen andre.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
-"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
-"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
-"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
-"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
+"media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive Surplus, "
+"Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence matters, as "
+"if, when you see something or hear something, your response is part of the "
+"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
+"to your work."
msgstr ""
+"Å aktivt engasjere seg i innholdet hjelper oss til å unngå et planløst "
+"forbruk som alle som åndsfraværende har rullet igjennom det som kommer inn i "
+"ens sosiale medier en times tid, vet alt for godt. I sin bok, Cognitive "
+"Surplus, sier Clay Shirky, \"Å delta er å handle som om din tilstedeværelse "
+"betyr noe, som om, når du ser noe eller høre noe, er ditt svar en del av "
+"hendelsen.\" 26 Å åpne døren til ditt innhold kan få folk dypere knyttet til "
+"arbeidet ditt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1642
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-37\"></span>Use CC to differentiate yourself"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
+msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+msgstr "#### Bruke CC for å skille deg ut"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the "
"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
msgstr ""
+"Å opererer under et tradisjonelt opphavsrettsregime betyr vanligvis å "
+"operere under reglene til etablerte aktører i media. Forretningsstrategier "
+"som er innebygd i den tradisjonelle opphavsrettsystemet, som bruker digital "
+"rettinghetshåndtering (DRM), og signere eksklusivitetskontrakter, kan binde "
+"hendene til innholdsleverandører, ofte på bekostning av leverandørens beste "
+"interesse.27 Made with Creative Commons betyr du kan fungere uten disse "
+"barrierene, og i mange tilfeller bruke økt åpenhet som et "
+"konkurransefortrinn. David Harris fra OpenStax sa de spesielt forfulgte "
+"strategier de vet at tradisjonelle utgivere ikke kan. \"Ikke gå inn i et "
+"marked og spille etter de gjeldende reglene,\" sa David. \"Reglene for "
+"engasjement må endres.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-38\"></span>Making Money"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
+msgid "### Making Money"
+msgstr "### Å tjene penger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that "
"are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, "
"where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard "
-"market transaction. In still other"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
-msgid ""
-"cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of money for value that "
-"typically drives market transactions, the recipient gives money out of a "
-"sense of reciprocity."
+"market transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo "
+"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the "
+"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
msgstr ""
+"Som ethvert foretagende som tjener penger , må det som lages med Creative "
+"Commons bidra noen slags nytteverdi for sitt publikum eller forbrukere. Noen "
+"ganger blir verdien subsidiert av bidragsytere som ikke direkte nyter godt "
+"av den direkte. Bidragsytere, enten veldedige institusjoner, myndigheter, "
+"eller folk som bryr seg, gir penger til organisasjonen av egen vilje. Det er "
+"måten vanlig veldedig finansiering virker på. I mange fall er pengestrømmen "
+"som genereres med arbeid Made with Creative Commons direkte knyttet verdien "
+"det genererer, der mottakere betaler for verdien de mottar, som i enhver "
+"annen standard markedstransaksjon. I mange andre tilfelle, snarere enn i en "
+"noe for noe-utveksling av penger for verdi, som typisk for "
+"markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i forståelse av gjensidighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets "
"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
msgstr ""
+"Det meste som er laget med Creative Commons bruker en rekke ulike metoder "
+"for å bringe inn omsetning, noen markedsbaserte og andre ikke. En vanlig "
+"strategi å bruke eksterne bevilgninger til innhold når forsknings- og "
+"utviklingskostnader er spesielt høye, og deretter finne en annen "
+"inntektsstrøm (eller strømmer) til påløpende utgifter. Som Shirky skrev, er "
+"\"trikset å vite når markedene er en optimal måte å organisere interaksjoner "
+"på og når de ikke er det.\" 29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
"abstraction can be instructive."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referansestudier gjennomgår nærmere de ulike veiene til å skaffe "
+"inntekter til innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi "
+"intervjuet. Det er nyanser skjult i de spesifikke måtene hver og en av dem "
+"tjener penger på, så det er litt farlig å generalisere for mye fra hva vi "
+"fant. Likevel, å ta et skritt tilbake og vise ting fra et høyere "
+"abstraksjonsnivå, kan være lærerikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-39\"></span>Market-based revenue streams"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
+msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
+msgstr "#### Markedsbaserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based "
"on some added value you provide.31"
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er det sentrale spørsmålet, når vi bestemmer hvordan vi skal få "
+"inntekter, hvor mye folk er villige til å betale.30 Per definisjon, hvis du "
+"bruker Made with Creative Commons, er innholdet du gir tilgjengelig gratis "
+"og ikke en markedsvare. I den allestedsnærværende freemium modellen (som "
+"kombinerer \"free\" og \"premium”-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, "
+"der inntjeningen ligger i premium-utgaven), må enhver markedstransaksjon med "
+"en forbruker av innholdet være basert en verdiøkning du tilbyr.31"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply "
"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
msgstr ""
+"På mange måter er dette veien fremover for alle innholds-drevne "
+"bestrebelser. I markedet ligger verdien i ting som er mangelvare. Med "
+"Internetter som et gratis tilgjengelig univers av innhold for oss, er det "
+"vanskelig å få folk til å betale for innhold på nettet. Den kjempende "
+"avisbransjen er et uttrykk for dette faktum. Dette er forverret av det "
+"faktum at i det minste er noe kopiering trolig uunngåelig. Det betyr at du "
+"kan ende opp med å konkurrere med gratis versjoner av ditt eget innhold, "
+"enten du ser gjennom fingrene med det eller ikke.32 Hvis folk kan lett finne "
+"innholdet gratis, vil det være vanskelig å få folk til å kjøpe det, spesielt "
+"i en kontekst der tilgang til innhold er viktigere enn å eie den. I Free "
+"skrev Anderson: \"Opphavsrettigheter, enten regelfestet i lov eller i "
+"programvaren, er i enkelhet å holde en pris opp imot tyngdekraften.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least "
"different from the free version.”33"
msgstr ""
+"Dette betyr selvfølgelig at innholds-drevne bestrebelser ikke har noen "
+"fremtid på den tradisjonelle markedsplassen. I Free forklarer Anderson at "
+"når et produkt eller en tjeneste blir gratis, som informasjon og innhold i "
+"stor grad blir i den digitale tidsalderen, blir andre ting mer verdifulle. "
+"\"Hver overflod skaper en ny knapphet,\" skrev han. Du må bare finne en måte "
+"annet enn enn innholdet for å gi verdi til brukere eller kunder. Som "
+"Anderson sier, \"det er lett å konkurrere med Free: Bare tilby noe bedre "
+"eller i det minste ulik gratisversjonen.\"33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"also benefit from the goodwill that stems from the values behind being Made "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"I lys av denne virkeligheten, er det på noen måter slik innhold Made with "
+"Creative Commons er på samme bane som alle innholdsbaserte produkter i den "
+"digitale tidsalderen. Faktisk, de kan selv ha en fordel fordi de kan bruke "
+"overfloden av innhold til å få inntekter fra noen knappe ressurser. De kan "
+"også nyttiggjøre seg velviljen som stammer fra verdiene bak å være Made with "
+"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content "
-"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1733
-msgid "service."
+"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service."
msgstr ""
+"For innholdskapere og distributører er det nesten uendelige måter å gi verdi "
+"til forbrukerne av deres arbeid, over og utover verdien av det som er "
+"innenfor ditt gratis digitale innhold. Ofte fungerer det CC-lisensierte "
+"innholdet som et markedsføringsverktøy for de betalte produkter eller "
+"tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Her er de vanligste høy-nivå kategoriene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-40\"></span>Providing a custom service to consumers of "
-"your work * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
+"\\]*"
msgstr ""
+"#### Å tilby en tilpasset tjeneste til brukere av ditt arbeid * \\[MARKET-"
+"BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
+"I denne informasjonsalderens overflod mangler vi ikke innhold. Trikset er å "
+"finne innhold som samsvarer med våre behov og ønsker, så tilpassede "
+"tjenester er spesielt verdifulle. Som Anderson skrev, \"Vareinformasjon ("
+"alle får den samme versjonen) ønsker å være fri. Tilpasset informasjon (du "
+"får noe unikt og meningsfullt for deg) ønsker å være dyr.\"34 Dette kan være "
+"alt fra kunstneriske og kulturelle rådgivingstjenester som tilbys av Ártica "
+"til det skreddersydde sangtilbudet fra Jonathan \"Song-A-Day\" Mann."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1750
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-41\"></span>Charging for the physical copy * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
+msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å belaste for den den fysisk kopien * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional "
"business principles."
msgstr ""
+"I sin bok om \"maker culture\", karakteriserer Anderson denne modellen ved "
+"at den gir bort biter og selger atomene (der biter refererer til digitalt "
+"innhold og atomer refererer til et fysisk objekt).35 Dette er særlig "
+"vellykket i domener der den digitale versjonen av innholdet er ikke så "
+"verdifull som den analoge versjonen, som i bokpublisering der en stor "
+"undergruppe fortsatt foretrekker å lese noe de kan holde i hendene. Eller i "
+"domener der innholdet er nyttig til det er i fysisk form, som møbeldesign. I "
+"slike situasjoner er vil en betydelig del av forbrukerne betale for nytten "
+"av å ha noen andre til å sette sammen den fysiske versjonen for dem. Noen "
+"bidragsytere klemmer enda mer ut av denne inntektsstrømmen ved hjelp av en "
+"Creative Commons-lisens som bare tillater ikke-kommersiell bruk, noe som "
+"betyr at ingen andre kan selger fysiske kopier av arbeidet i konkurranse med "
+"dem. Denne strategien for å reservere kommersielle rettigheter kan være "
+"spesielt viktig for varer som bøker, der hver utskrift av det samme arbeidet "
+"sannsynligvis har samme kvalitet, så det er vanskeligere å skille en "
+"publiseringstjeneste fra en annen. På den annen side, for varer som møbler "
+"eller elektronikk, kan leverandøren av de fysiske varene konkurrere med "
+"andre leverandører av de samme varene basert på kvalitet, tjeneste eller "
+"andre tradisjonelle forretningsprinsipper."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
+msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1774
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-42\"></span>Charging for the in-person version * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1782
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"digital copy on your own. Far from acting as a substitute for face-to-face "
-"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the "
-"in-person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
+"interaction, CC-licensed content can actually create demand for the in-"
+"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
+"Som alle som noensinne har gått til en konsert vil fortelle deg, å oppleve "
+"kreativitet personlig en helt annen opplevelse i forhold til å oppleve en "
+"digital kopi på egenhånd. Langt fra å være en erstatning for å samhandle "
+"ansikt til ansikt, kan CC-lisensiert innholdet faktisk skape etterspørsel "
+"etter å oppleve dette som en personlig erfaring. Du kan se denne effekten "
+"når folk går for å se original kunst personlig eller betaler for å delta på "
+"et tale- eller opplæringskurs."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1784
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-43\"></span>Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
+msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å selge handelsvarer * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"to the power of a good concert T-shirt. This can also be an important "
"revenue stream for museums and galleries."
msgstr ""
+"I mange tilfeller, vil folk som liker ditt arbeide betale for produkter som "
+"viser en forbindelse til ditt arbeide. Som barn i 1980, kan jeg personlig "
+"bekrefte kraften i en t-skjorte fra en god konsert. Dette kan også bli være "
+"viktig inntektskilde for museer og gallerier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
+"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ganger kan en finne en markedsbaserte inntektsstrøm ved å gi verdi til "
+"andre enn dem som bruker ditt CC-lisensierte innhold. I disse "
+"inntektstrømmene, bli gratis innhold subsidiert av en helt annen kategori "
+"personer eller bedrifter. Ofte betaler disse personene eller bedriftene for "
+"tilgang til din viktigste målgruppe. Det faktum at innholdet er gratis øker "
+"størrelsen på publikumet, som igjen gjør tilbudet mer verdifull for de "
+"betalende kundene. Dette er en variant av en tradisjonell forretningsmodell "
+"bygget på frie såkalte flersidige-plattformer.36 Tilgang til ditt publikum "
+"er ikke det eneste folk er villige til å betale for, du kan også levere "
+"andre andre tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-44\"></span>Charging advertisers or sponsors * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
+msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Å belaste annonsører og sponsorer * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
-"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
-"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
-"overall endeavor."
+"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser pays to be "
+"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
+"endeavor."
msgstr ""
+"Den tradisjonelle modellen for å subsidiere gratis innhold er reklame. I "
+"denne versjonen av flersidige plattformer, betaler annonsørene for "
+"muligheten til kontakt til rekken av øyne i innholdleverandørenes "
+"publikum.37 Internett har gjort denne modellen vanskeligere fordi antallet "
+"tilgjengelige, mulige kanaler for å nå de aktuelle øynene er i bunn og grunn "
+"blitt uendelige.38 Likevel, det fortsatt en livskraftig inntektskilde for "
+"mange innholdskapere, inkludert dem som bruker Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Ofte, i stedet for å betaling for å vise reklame, betaler annonsøren for å "
+"være en offisiell sponsor av et bestemt innhold, prosjekter eller oppgaven "
+"som sådan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1817
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-45\"></span>Charging your content creators * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
+msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Betaling fra dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
-"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
-"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
-"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
-"of Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
+"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by others. "
+"The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing charge” "
+"of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library of "
+"Science, but there are other variations. The Conversation is primarily "
"funded by a university-membership model, where universities pay to have "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
msgstr ""
+"En annen type flersidig plattform er der de som lager innholdet selv betaler "
+"å bli omtalt på plattformen. Selvfølgelig er denne inntektsstrømmen bare "
+"tilgjengelig for dem som stoler på det arbeidet som er laget, i all fall "
+"delvis, av andre. Den mest kjente versjonen av denne modellen er \""
+"forfatteravgift\" i tidsskrifter med åpen tilgang som de som er publisert av "
+"Public Library of Science, men det finnes også andre varianter. The "
+"Conversation primært finansiert med en universitetetsmedlemskaps-modell, der "
+"universiteter betaler for at fakultetene kan ha forfattere som leverer "
+"innhold til Conversations nettside."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-46\"></span>Charging a transaction fee * "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
+msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Transaksjonsgebyr * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through CC-"
+"licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue when "
+"creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other platforms "
+"make money when service providers transact with their customers; for "
+"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
+"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er en versjon av en tradisjonell modell basert på å megle "
+"transaksjoner mellom deltakere.39 Utvalg og organisering er et viktig "
+"element i denne modellen. Plattformer som Noun Project tilfører verdi ved å "
+"vade gjennom CC-lisensiert innhold for å velge ut et høykvalitets utvalg og "
+"så utlede inntekt når innholdsleverandørene gjør transaksjoner med kunder. "
+"Andre plattformer tjener penger når tjenesteleverandører gjør transaksjoner "
+"med kundene deres; for eksempel tjener Opendesk penger hver gang noen på "
+"deres nettsted betaler en håndverker for å lage møbler basert på ett av "
+"designene på plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1843
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-47\"></span>Providing a service to your creators* "
-"\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
+msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
+"#### Å levere en tjeneste til dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"providing paid tools to help their users make the data they contribute to "
"the platform more discoverable and reusable."
msgstr ""
+"Som nevnt ovenfor, kan et innhold gi fortjeneste ved at det leveres "
+"tilpassede tjenester til brukerne. Plattformer kan gi en variant av denne "
+"tjenestemodellen rettet mot innholdsleverandører som legger inn et innhold "
+"de får omtalt. Dataplattformene Figure.NZ og Figshare utnytter denne "
+"modellen ved å tilby betalte verktøy for å hjelpe sine brukerne å gjøre "
+"dataene de bidrar med til plattformen mer synlige og gjenbrukbare."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-48\"></span>Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
+msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Lisensiere et varemerke* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1861
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"deriving revenue from something scarce while taking advantage of the "
"abundance of CC content."
msgstr ""
+"Endelig tjener noen som er Made with Creative Commons penger på å selge "
+"bruken av sitt varemerker. Kjente merker som forbrukerne forbinder med "
+"kvalitet, troverdighet, eller selv en holdning kan lisensiere varemerket til "
+"selskaper som ønsker å dra nytte av dets goodwill. Per definisjon er "
+"varemerker knappe fordi de representerer et bestemt opphav for et gode eller "
+"en tjeneste. Å ta betalt for muligheten til å bruke det varemerket er en "
+"måte å skaffe inntekt fra noe det er knapphet på, og samtidig utnytte "
+"fordelen av overfloden av CC-innhold."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-49\"></span>Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
+msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+msgstr "#### Gjensidighets-baserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"endeavors we analyzed were making money. It was not simply about monetizing "
"scarcity."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om vi setter til side velgjørenhetsfinansiering, fant vi at "
+"tradisjonelle økonomiske rammen for å forstå markedet ikke fullt ut fanger "
+"måtene den innsatsen vi analyserte for å tjene penger. Det var ikke bare om "
+"å tjene penger på knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value "
"given and received is strictly equal.”"
msgstr ""
+"I stedet for å utarbeide en plan for å få folk til å betale penger for noe "
+"som har en direkte verdi levert til dem, handlet mange av inntektsstrømmene "
+"mer om å gi verdi, bygge forhold, og så eventuelt finne noen penger som "
+"strømmer tilbake fra en forståelse av gjensidighet. Mens noe ser ut som "
+"tradisjonelle veldedige finansieringsmodeller, er de ikke det. Innsatsen "
+"utveksler verdier mellom mennesker, ikke nødvendigvis synkront eller på en "
+"måte som krever at disse verdiene er like. Som David Bollier skrev i Think "
+"Like a Commoner, \"Det er ingen iboende kalkyle i om verdien som er gitt og "
+"mottatt er helt lik.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the "
"human species survive and evolve.”"
msgstr ""
+"Dette skulle være en kjent dynamikk - det er måten du behandler dine venner "
+"og familie. Vi gir uten hensyn til hva vi får, og når vi får tilbake. David "
+"Bollier skrev, \"Gjensidig sosial utveksling ligger i hjertet av menneskets "
+"identitet, samfunn og kultur. Det er en viktig hjernefunksjon som hjelper "
+"menneskeheten i sin overlevelse og utvikling.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of "
"value.41"
msgstr ""
+"Det er sjeldent å innlemme slike forhold i en innsats som også er i favner "
+"markedet.40 Vi kan nesten ikke unngå å tenke på markedsrelasjoner som "
+"sentrert, uten gjensidig utveksling av verdi.41"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1892
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-50\"></span>Memberships and individual donations "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
+msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Medlemskap og individuelle donasjoner * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"that the content is a public good or that the entire endeavor is furthering "
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
+"Medlemskap og donasjoner er tradisjonelle veldedige finansieringsmodeller, i "
+"Made with Creative Commons-sammenheng, er de direkte knyttet til det "
+"gjensidige forholdet dyrket med de som nyter godt av arbeidet. Jo større "
+"mengde som mottar verdi fra innholdet, jo mer sannsynlig er det at denne "
+"strategien vil fungere, gitt at bare en liten prosentandel av brukerne "
+"sannsynligvis vil bidra. Siden det å bruke CC-lisenser kan smøre hjulene for "
+"at innhold skal å nå flere mennesker, kan denne strategien være mer effektiv "
+"for innsatser utført med laget med Creative Commons. Jo viktigere argumentet "
+"er for at innholdet er et kollektivt gode, eller at hele innsatsen skal "
+"fremme en sosial oppgave, jo mer sannsynlig er det at denne strategien "
+"lykkes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1907
-msgid ""
-"<span id=\"anchor-51\"></span>The pay-what-you-want model "
-"*\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
+msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
-"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open "
-"content. Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something "
-"free. They are similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as "
-"an act of gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are "
-"naturally inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, "
-"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
+"the public and personal value they feel is generated by the open content. "
+"Critically, these models are not touted as “buying” something free. They are "
+"similar to a tip jar. People make financial contributions as an act of "
+"gratitude. These models capitalize on the fact that we are naturally "
+"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
+"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
+"I betal-hva-du-vil-modellen blir mottakere av Creative Commons-innhold "
+"invitert til å gi et beløp de synes de kan gi og føler er nødvendig, basert "
+"på den offentlige og personlige verdi de føler er frembrakt av det åpne "
+"innholdet. Kritisk sett er ikke disse modellene myntet på å \"kjøpe\" noe "
+"gratis. De likner en skål til drikkepenger. Folk gir et økonomiske bidrag "
+"som en takk. Disse modellene kapitaliserer det faktum at vi er naturlig "
+"tilbøyelige til å gi penger for tingene vi setter pris på i markedet, selv i "
+"situasjoner der vi ellers kan finne en måte å få det gratis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1919
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-52\"></span>Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
+msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+msgstr "#### Folkefinansiering * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"with Creative Commons, anyone who wants the work in question could simply "
"wait until it’s created and then access it for free. That means, for this "
-"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the "
-"work. They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of "
-"her crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building "
-"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
-"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
+"model to work, people have to care about more than just receiving the work. "
+"They have to want you to succeed. Amanda Palmer credits the success of her "
+"crowdfunding on Kickstarter and Patreon to the years she spent building her "
+"community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art of "
+"Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
"without hesitation: of course.”"
msgstr ""
+"Folkefinansiering er modeller basert på å tjene inn igjen kostnadene til å "
+"lage og distribuere innhold når innholdet er opprettet. Hvis arbeidet er "
+"Made with Creative Commons, kunne de som ønsker det aktuelle arbeidet "
+"aktuelle bare vente til det er opprettet og deretter tilgang til det gratis. "
+"Det betyr, for å få denne modellen til å virke, at folk må bry seg mer enn å "
+"bare motta arbeidet. De må ønske at du lykkes. Amanda Palmer tillegger "
+"suksessen med folkefinansiering av Kickstarter og Patreon til årene hun "
+"brukte til bygge opp sitt fellesskap utvikle koblingen med tilhengerne sine. "
+"Hun skrev i The Art og Asking, \"God kunst er laget, god kunst deles, hjelp "
+"tilbys, ører spisset, følelser utvekslets, kompost av ekte og dyp "
+"forbindelse er spredt over åkrene. Så en dag, trapper kunstneren opp og ber "
+"om noe. Og hvis bakken er gjødslet nok, sier publikum, uten å nøle: "
+"Selvfølgelig. \""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
-"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
-"U.S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
+"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
+"S. libraries to subsidize CC-licensed academic work that will be, by "
"definition, available to everyone for free. Libraries with bigger budgets "
"tend to give more out of a sense of commitment to the library community and "
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
+"Andre typer folkefinansiering bygger på en ansvarsfølelse som et bestemt "
+"fellesskap kan ha. Knowledge Unlatched samler opp midler fra store "
+"amerikanske biblioteker for å støtte CC-lisensiert akademisk arbeid som vil "
+"bli, per definisjon, tilgjengelig gratis for alle. Biblioteker med større "
+"budsjetter tenderer til å gi mer av en følelse av forpliktelse til "
+"biblioteksamfunnet og ideen om åpen tilgang generelt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1943
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-53\"></span>Making Human Connections"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
+msgid "### Making Human Connections"
+msgstr "### Å bygge menneskelige forbindelser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Uansett hvordan de tjente penger, i våre intervjuer, hørte vi gjentatte "
+"ganger ord som \"å overtale folk til å kjøpe\" og \"inviterer folk til å "
+"betale\". Vi hørte det selv i forbindelse med inntektsstrømmer som er helt "
+"og holdent i markedet. Cory Doctorow fortalte oss, \"Jeg må overbevise mine "
+"lesere om at det riktige å gjøre er å betale meg.\" Grunnleggerne av for "
+"profitt selskapet Lumen Learning, viste oss brevet de sender til dem som "
+"velger ikke å betale for tjenestene de leverer med sitt CC-lisensierte "
+"utdanningsinnhold. Det er ikke et stanse og avslå brev; Det er en invitasjon "
+"til å betale fordi det er den riktige tingen å gjøre. Denne typen atferd "
+"overfor hva som kan anses som ikke betalende kunder, er hovedsakelig uhørt "
+"på den tradisjonelle markedsplassen. Men det synes å være en del av "
+"oppbyggingen av å være Made with Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
"than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, "
"personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
msgstr ""
+"Nesten alle forsøk vi undersøkte støtte seg, minst delvis, på folk er "
+"innsatt i hva de gjør. Jo nærmere Creative Commons-innhold er i å være \""
+"produktet\", jo mer uttalt må denne dynamikken være. I stedet for bare å "
+"selge et produkt eller en service, gjør de ideologiske, personlige og "
+"kreative forbindelser med folk som verdsetter det de gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Det tok meg lang tid å se hvordan dette å unngå å tenke på hva de gjør i "
+"rene markedstermer, var sterkt knyttet til Made with Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
+"Jeg kom til prosjektet med forhåndsoppfatningen om hva Creative Commons er "
+"og hva det betyr å være laget med Creative Commons. Det viste seg at jeg tok "
+"feil på så mange punkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"more than copyright permissions when they explained how sharing fit into "
"what they do. I was thinking about sharing too narrowly, and as a result, I "
-"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative "
-"Commons. Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright "
-"license in the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of "
-"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
+"was missing vast swaths of the meaning packed within Creative Commons. "
+"Rather than parsing the specific and narrow role of the copyright license in "
+"the equation, it is important not to disaggregate the rest of what comes "
+"with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig er Made with Creative Commons å bruke Creative Commons-"
+"lisenser. Så mye visste jeg. Men i våre intervjuer, snakket folk om så mye "
+"mer enn opphavsrettigheter når de forklarte hvordan deling passer inn i hva "
+"de gjør. Jeg tenkte for smalt på deling, og resultatet var jeg hadde store "
+"sprekker i meningen som er pakket inn i Creative Commons. Snarere enn å "
+"analysere den spesifikke og smale rollen til opphavsretten i sammenhengen, "
+"er det viktig ikke å skille ut resten av det som følger med deling. Du må "
+"utvide synsfeltet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"with whom you share—connections with you, with your work, with your values, "
"with each other."
msgstr ""
+"Made with Creative Commons er ikke bare om den enkle handlingen å lisensiere "
+"et åndsprodukt med et sett standardiserte vilkår, men også om fellesskap, "
+"sosial nytte, å bidra med ideer, uttrykke et verdisystem, samarbeide. Det er "
+"vanskelig å kultivere delingskomponentene hvis du tenker på hva du gjør med "
+"ren markedstenkning. Anstendig sosial atferd er ikke like intuitivt når vi "
+"gjør noe med en monetær utveksling. Det kreves en bevisst innsats for å "
+"fremme en kontekst med ekte deling, ikke bare basert på upersonlige "
+"utveksling i markedet, men på forbindelsene med folk som du deler med - "
+"forbindelsene til deg, med arbeidet ditt, med dine verdier, med hverandre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
"each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like."
msgstr ""
+"I resten av denne seksjonen vil vi gjennomgå noen av de vanlige strategiene "
+"som innholdsleverandører, selskaper og organisasjoner bruker for å minne oss "
+"på at det finnes mennesker bak ethvert kreativt arbeid. For å minne oss om "
+"at vi forpliktelser overfor hverandre. Å minne oss om hvordan deling "
+"virkelig ser ut."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1999
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-54\"></span>Be human"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
+msgid "#### Be human"
+msgstr "#### Vær menneskelig"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
"knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy "
"forget we are dealing with another human."
msgstr ""
+"Mennesker er sosiale dyr, noe som betyr at vi naturlig er tilbøyelig til å "
+"behandle hverandre godt.42 Men jo fjernere vi er fra personen som vi "
+"samhandler med, jo mindre omsorgsfull vil vår atferd være. Mens Internett "
+"har demokratisert kulturell produksjon, har økt tilgangen til kunnskap, og "
+"koblet oss sammen på ekstraordinære måter, kan det også gjøre det lett å "
+"glemme at vi arbeider med et annet menneske."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2018
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they "
"understand about your work affects how they value it.”43"
msgstr ""
+"For å motvirke anonyme og upersonlige tendenser i hvordan vi opererer på "
+"nettet, arbeider individuelle leverandører og selskaper, som bruker Creative "
+"Commons lisenser, med å demonstrere sin menneskelighet. For noen, betyr "
+"dette å legge ut sine liv på nettsiden. For andre betyr dette å vise sin "
+"kreative prosess, gir et innblikk i hvordan de gjør det de gjør. Som "
+"forfatter skrev Austin Kleon, \"vårt arbeid ikke snakke for seg selv. "
+"Mennesker ønsker å vite hvor ting kom fra, hvor de ble gjort, og som gjorde "
+"dem. Historiene du fortelle om arbeidet du gjør, har stor innvirkning på "
+"hvordan folk føler, hva de forstår om arbeidet ditt, hvordan folk føler og "
+"hva de forstår om hvordan arbeidet ditt påvirker hvordan de verdsetter det.\""
+"43"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
-"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with "
-"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
-"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
-"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
+"“When you’re afraid of someone’s judgment, you can’t connect with them. "
+"You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone is "
+"suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are a "
+"lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
"way."
msgstr ""
+"En kritisk komponent for å gjøre dette effektivt er å ikke bekymre seg om å "
+"være en \"merkevare\". Det betyr å ikke å være redd for å være sårbar. "
+"Amanda Palmer sier, \"når du er redd for noens dom, må du ikke koble deg "
+"sammen med dem. Du blir for opptatt med oppgaven å imponere dem.\" Det "
+"passer ikke for alle å leve livet som en åpen bok, som Palmer, og det er OK. "
+"Det er mange måter å være menneske. Trikset er bare unngå å late som og "
+"fristelsen til å lage et kunstig bilde. Folk ønsker ikke bare den skinnende "
+"versjonen av deg. De kan ikke forholder seg til det, i hvert fall ikke på en "
+"meningsfull måte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"States, corporations are people!). When corporations and organizations make "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
-"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
-"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In business-"
+"speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the public.44 But "
+"it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
msgstr ""
+"Dette rådet er sannsynligvis enda viktigere for bedrifter og organisasjoner "
+"fordi vi instinktivt tenke på dem som ikke menneskelige (men i USA, er "
+"selskaper mennesker!). Når bedrifter og organisasjoner gjør menneskene bak "
+"dem mer tydelige, minner det folk at de har å gjøre med noe annet enn en "
+"anonym enhet i en bedrift. I forretningsspråket handler dette om å \""
+"menneskeliggjøre sine samhandlinger\" med offentligheten.44 Men det kan ikke "
+"være en gimmick. Du kan ikke forfalske å være menneske."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2039
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-55\"></span>Be open and accountable"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
+msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
+msgstr "#### Vær åpen og ansvarlig"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
"sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale "
"and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46"
msgstr ""
+"Åpenhet hjelper folk å forstå hvem du er og hvorfor du gjør det du gjør, men "
+"det inspirerer også til tillit. Som Max Temkin i Cards Against Humanity "
+"fortalte oss, \"En av de mest overraskende tingene du kan gjøre i "
+"kapitalismen, er bare være ærlig med folk.\" Det betyr at å dele det gode og "
+"dårlige. Som Amanda Palmer skrev, kan \"du fikse nesten alt med autentisk "
+"kommunikasjon.\"45 Det handler ikke om å prøve å tilfredsstille alle eller "
+"prøver å glatte over feil eller dårlige nyheter, men i stedet forklare om "
+"din begrunnelsen, og så være forberedt på å forsvare den når folk er "
+"kritiske.46"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2053
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
-"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
-"lowest-common-denominator solutions and"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2063
-msgid ""
-"avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy "
-"collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then "
-"giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting "
-"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
-"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
-"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it "
-"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors "
-"excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you "
-"do."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2065
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-56\"></span>Design for the good actors"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
+"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
+"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking "
+"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, "
+"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you "
+"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it "
+"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get "
+"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps "
+"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested "
+"in what you do."
+msgstr ""
+"Å være ansvarlige betyr ikke å operere med konsensus. Ifølge James "
+"Surowiecki, tenderer konsensus-drevne grupper til å ty til løsninger med "
+"laveste fellesnevner, og unngå en oppriktig utveksling av ideer som fremmer "
+"sunt samarbeid.47 Isteden, det kan være så enkelt som å be om innspill og "
+"deretter gi sammenheng og forklaring på beslutninger du tar, selv om å be om "
+"tilbakemelding og innby til meningsutveksling er tidkrevende. Hvis du ikke "
+"leverer innsatsen å svare på innspillene du får, kan det være verre enn å "
+"ikke invitere til innspill i første omgang.48 Men når du får det riktig til, "
+"kan det garantere den typen mangfold i tenkingen som hjelper til slik at "
+"innsatsen utmerker seg. Og det er en annen måte å få folk involvert og "
+"innsatt i hva du gjør."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
+msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
+msgstr "#### Design for de gode skuespillerne"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
"design for the good actors."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2087
-msgid ""
-"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
-"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
-"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
+"Tradisjonell økonomi forutsetter at folk tar avgjørelser basert utelukkende "
+"ut fra sin økonomiske egeninteresse.49 Noe relativt selvanalyserende "
+"mennesker vet er en fiksjon - vi er mye mer kompliserte vesener med en hel "
+"rekke behov, følelser og motivasjoner. Faktisk er vi fastkoblet å samarbeide "
+"og sikre rettferdighet.50 Made with Creative Commons forutsetter en "
+"oppfatning om at folk i stor grad vil handle ut fra disse sosiale "
+"motivasjonene, motivasjoner som ville bli betraktet som \"irrasjonelle\" i "
+"en økonomisk forstand. Som Pinter i Knowlegde Unlatched fortalte oss, er \""
+"det best å ignorere mennesker som prøver å skremme deg med gratisturer. Den "
+"frykten er basert på et svært grunt syn på hva som motiverer menneskelig "
+"atferd.\" Det vil alltid være folk som vil handle på rent egoistiske måter, "
+"men oppgaver som er laget Made with Creative Commons-design er for de gode "
+"aktørene."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
+msgid ""
+"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
+"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
+"people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
"we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social "
"instincts."
msgstr ""
+"Antagelsen om at folk i stor grad vil gjøre rette kan være en "
+"selvoppfyllende profeti. Shirky skrev i Cognitive Surplus: \"Systemer som "
+"antar folk vil opptre på måter som skaper offentlige goder og som gir dem "
+"mulighetene og belønningene for å gjøre det, lar dem ofte arbeide sammen "
+"bedre enn neoklassisk økonomi vil forutse.\" 51 Når vi erkjenner at folk "
+"ofte er motivert av noe annet enn finansiell egeninteresse, designer vi våre "
+"bestrebelser på måter som stimulerer og fremhever vår sosiale instinkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"Wisdom of Crowds, “It’s impossible for a society to rely on law alone to "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
-"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that people—"
+"mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most often, "
+"they do."
msgstr ""
+"Snarere enn å prøve å utøve kontroll over menneskers atferd, krever denne "
+"arbeidsmåten en viss grad av tillit. Vi innser det kanskje, men våre "
+"dagligliv er allerede bygget på tillit. Som Surowiecki skrev i The visdom of "
+"Crowds; \"det er umulig for et samfunn å stole på loven alene for å sikre at "
+"borgere opptrer ærlig og ansvarlig. Og det er umulig for noen organisasjon å "
+"stole på kontrakter alene for å sørge for at dens ledere og arbeidere lever "
+"opp til sine forpliktelser.\" I stedet stoler vi i stor grad på at folk - "
+"for det meste fremmede - vil gjøre det som er forventet av dem.52 Og oftest, "
+"de gjør de."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2099
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-57\"></span>Treat humans like, well, humans"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
+msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
+msgstr "#### Å behandle mennesker som, vel, mennesker"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
-"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
+"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
+"happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are "
+"better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. "
+"Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she talks.54"
msgstr ""
+"For innholdsleverandører betyr å behandle folk som mennesker ikke å behandle "
+"dem som fans. Som Kleon sier, \"Hvis du vil ha fans, må du først være en fan."
+"\"53 Selv om du tilfeldigvis blir en av de få som når en kjendisberømmelse, "
+"er det bedre om du husker at folk som følger arbeidet ditt også er "
+"menneskelige. Cory Doctorow gjør et poeng å svare på hver enkelt e-post noen "
+"sender ham. Amanda Palmer bruker store deler av tiden på nettet til å "
+"kommunisere med sitt publikum, og gjør et poeng av å lytte like mye som hun "
+"snakker.54"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users."
msgstr ""
+"Den samme ideen gjelder for bedrifter og organisasjoner. I stedet for å "
+"automatisere sin kundeservice, gjør musikkplattformen Tribe of Noise et "
+"poeng av å sikre at deres ansatte har en personlig, en til en interaksjon "
+"med brukere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2125
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
-"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
-"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
-"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
+"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
+"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
+"to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
"into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value "
"in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56"
msgstr ""
+"Når vi behandler folk som mennesker, vil de vanligvis returnere gaven på "
+"samme måte. Det kalles karma. Men sosiale relasjoner er skjøre. Det er "
+"altfor lett å ødelegge dem hvis du gjør feilen å behandle folk som anonyme "
+"kunder eller gratisarbeidere.55 Plattformer som bruker innhold fra "
+"bidragsytere er spesielt i fare for å skape en dynamikk som utnytter. Det "
+"er viktig å finne måter å anerkjenne og betale tilbake verdien bidragsytere "
+"genererer. Det betyr ikke at du kan løse dette problemet bare ved å i "
+"enkelhet betale bidragsytere for deres tid eller bidrag. Så snart vi "
+"introduserer penger inn i et forhold, - i det minste når får formen av å "
+"betale en pengeverdi i bytte for en annen verdi - kan det dramatisk endre "
+"dynamikken.56"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-58\"></span>State your principles and stick to them"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
+msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
+msgstr "#### Legg frem dine prinsipper og hold deg til dem"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2137
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"akin to a political statement. Other times people will identify and feel "
"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
+"Når du bruker Made with Creative Commons fastslår du hvem du er og hva du "
+"gjør. Symbolikken er kraftig. Med Creative Commons-lisenser demonstrerer du "
+"tilslutning til en bestemt trossystem, som genererer goodwill og knytter "
+"likesinnede til arbeidet ditt. Noen ganger trekkes folk til innhold som er "
+"Made with Creative Commons som en måte å demonstrere sin egen forpliktelse "
+"overfor verdisystemet til Creative Commons, som en politisk erklæring. Andre "
+"ganger vil folk vil identifisere seg med og føle seg knyttet til innholdets "
+"separate sosiale oppgave. Ofte begge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
"credibility in the OER (open educational resources) community in which they "
"operate."
msgstr ""
+"Uttrykket for dine verdier trenger ikke å være implisitt. Faktisk, mange av "
+"menneskene vi intervjuet snakket om hvor viktig det er å angi dine førende "
+"prinsipper opp front. Lumen Learning tillegger mye av sin suksess at de har "
+"vært frittalende om de grunnleggende verdiene som leder hva de gjør. Som et "
+"for fortjeneste-selskap, mener de at deres uttrykte forpliktelse overfor "
+"lavinntekt-studenter og åpen lisensiering har vært avgjørende for til deres "
+"troverdighet i OER-(åpne pedagogiske ressurser)-samfunnet der de arbeider."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It "
"attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
msgstr ""
+"Når målet ikke er og lage fortjeneste, stoler folk på at du ikke bare prøver "
+"bruke verdien til din egen vinning. Folk merker når du har en hensikt som "
+"går utover din egeninteresse.57 Det tiltrekker engasjerte ansatte, motiverte "
+"bidragsytere og bygger tillit."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2154
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-59\"></span>Build a community"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
+msgid "#### Build a community"
+msgstr "### Å bygge et fellesskap"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by"
+"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to like-"
+"minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using "
+"CC."
msgstr ""
+"Innhold laget med Made with Creative Commons blomstrer når allmenneier er "
+"bygget rundt det de gjør. Dette kan bety at et fellesskap samarbeider om å "
+"skape noe nytt, eller det kan være en samling av likesinnede som bli kjent "
+"hverandre og samles rundt felles interesser eller oppfatninger.58 Til en "
+"viss grad bringer Made with Creative Commons automatisk med seg elementer av "
+"fellesskap, med hjelp til å koble deg til likesinnede som gjenkjenner og "
+"trekkes til verdiene som symboliseres ved å bruke CC."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2165
-msgid "using CC."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or "
"goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping "
"into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
-"communities that drive open"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2178
-msgid "organizations.”60"
+"communities that drive open organizations.”60"
msgstr ""
+"For å være bærekraftig, må du jobbe hardt for å livnære allmenneiet. Folk må "
+"bry seg — om deg og hverandre. Én kritisk brikke i dette er å få frem "
+"følelsen av tilhørighet. Som Jono Bacon skriver i The Art of Community: «"
+"Hvis det ikke er tilhørighet, er det ikke noe fellesskap.» For Amanda "
+"Palmer og hennes band, betydde dette å lage og godta et inkluderende miljø "
+"der folk følte seg som del av deres «lille rare familie.»59 For "
+"organisasjoner som Red Hat, betyr det å samle seg rundt felles oppfatninger "
+"eller mål. Som administrerende direktør Jim Whitehurst skrev i The Open "
+"Organization: «Å etablere følesesmessig tilknytning er spesielt viktig for "
+"bygging de typer deltakende fellesskap som driver åpne organisasjoner.»60"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
-"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
-"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
-"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
-"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194
+"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their own. "
+"And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group (which "
+"isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), considerable "
+"energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona fides.”61 Building "
+"true community requires giving people within the community the power to "
+"create or influence the rules that govern the community.62 If the rules are "
+"created and imposed in a top-down manner, people feel like they don’t have a "
+"voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
+msgstr ""
+"Allmenneier som samarbeider planlegger bevisst. Surowiecki skrev: \"Det "
+"krever mye arbeid å få satt sammen gruppen. Det er vanskelig å sikre at folk "
+"jobber i gruppens interesse og ikke i sin egen. Og når det er mangel på "
+"tillit mellom medlemmer av gruppen (som ikke overraskende gitt at de ikke "
+"egentlig kjenner hverandre), er en betraktelig del av energien bortkastet "
+"ved å prøver å avklare hverandres ærlige interesser.\"61 Å bygge ekte "
+"fellesskap forutsetter å gi folk i fellesskapet makt til å lage eller "
+"påvirke reglene som styrer fellesskapet.62 Hvis reglene lages og innføres "
+"ovenfra og ned, føler folk at de ikke har noe å si, som igjen fører til "
+"tilbaketrekning."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
+"Fellesskap krever arbeid, men å arbeide sammen, eller ganske enkelt å være "
+"knyttet sammen rundt felles interesser eller verdier, er på mange måter hva "
+"deling betyr."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2196
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-60\"></span>Give more to the commons than you take"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
+msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgstr "#### Gi mer til fellesskapet enn du tar"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is "
"not sharing."
msgstr ""
+"Tradisjonell markedsvisdom tilsier at folk bør prøve å trekke ut så mye "
+"penger som mulig fra ressursene. Dette er egentlig hva som definerer mye av "
+"den såkalte delingsøkonomien. I en artikkel på nettsiden til Harvard "
+"Business Review, kalt “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at All,” "
+"forklarte forfatterne Giana Eckhardt og Fleura Bardhi hvordan anonyme "
+"markedsdrevne transaksjoner i de fleste delingsøkonomibedrifter bare er "
+"myntet på å tjene penger.63 Som Lisa Gansky førte det i pennen i sin bok The "
+"Mesh, er delingsøkonomiens primære strategi å selge det samme produktet "
+"flere ganger ved å selge adgang i stedet for eie.64 Det er ikke deling."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its "
"platform effectively."
msgstr ""
+"Deling krever å legge til lik mengde verdi eller mer i økosystemet enn du "
+"tar ut. Du kan ikke bare behandle åpent innhold som en gratis ansamling "
+"ressurser å nyttegjøre deg av verdien av. En del av det å gi tilbake til "
+"økosystemet er å bidra med innhold tilbake til offentligheten med CC-"
+"lisenser. Det trenger ikke å være skaping av innhold; det kan være å øke "
+"verdien på andre måter. Den sosiale bloggingsplattformen Medium utgjør verdi "
+"for sitt fellesskap ved å fremme god oppførsel, resultatet er et nettsted "
+"med bemerkelsesverdig brukergenerert innhold av høy kvalitet, og begrenset "
+"forsøpling.65 Opendesk bidrar til sine fellesskap ved å hjelpe sine "
+"designere å tjene penger, delvis ved å organisere og effektivt vise arbeidet "
+"deres på sin plattform."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"contributed by others, providing more to contributors when the value they "
"add outweighs the value provided by you."
msgstr ""
+"I alle tilfeller er det viktig å åpent erkjenne hvor stor verdi du legger "
+"til, sett opp mot det du trekker veksel på som er laget av andre. Å være "
+"åpen om dette bygger troverdighet og viser du er en medvirkende deltaker i "
+"allmennseiet. Når din oppgave er å tjene penger, som også betyr å fordele "
+"økonomisk kompensasjon på en måte som gjenspeiler verdien andre har bidratt "
+"med, og gir mer til bidragsytere når verdien de bidrar med er større verdien "
+"du leverer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-61\"></span>Involve people in what you do"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
+msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
+msgstr "#### Involver folk i det du gjør"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when "
"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for "
"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
-"improvements without a particularly heavy time"
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68"
msgstr ""
+"Takket være Internett, kan vi utnytte talentene og ekspertisen til folk over "
+"hele verden. Chris Anderson kaller det \"en lang hale\" av talent.66 Men for "
+"å få samarbeid til å virke, må gruppen være effektiv i hva den gjør, og folk "
+"i gruppen må finne tilfredshet i å være involvert.67 Dette er enklere å få "
+"til for noen typer kreative oppgaver enn andre. Grupper som er knyttet "
+"sammen på nettet samarbeider best når folk kan arbeide uavhengig og "
+"asynkront, og særlig i større grupper med løselig knyttede bånd, der "
+"bidragsytere kan gjøre enkle forbedringer uten å beslaglegge mye tid.68"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2242
-msgid "commitment.68"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t "
"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69"
msgstr ""
+"Suksessen til Wikipedia viser, å redigere et leksikon på nettet er akkurat "
+"typen aktivitet som er perfekt for massivt samarbeid fordi små, trinnvise "
+"redigeringer laget av en broket forsamling av folk som handler på egen hånd, "
+"er svært verdifullt i sum. Samme slags små bidrag vil være mindre nyttig for "
+"mange andre typer skapende arbeid, og folk iboende er mindre motivert til å "
+"bidra, når det ikke vises at deres innsats utgjør noen særlig forskjell.69"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2279
+"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. "
+"Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement "
+"with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was "
+"the writing, the music itself.”71"
+msgstr ""
+"Det er lett å romantisere mulighetene for en global samlet innsats gjort "
+"mulig gjennom Internett, og faktisk, de vellykkede eksemplene på det er "
+"virkelig utrolige og inspirerende. Men i en rekke tilfeller, kanskje oftere "
+"enn ikke - allmenneier basert på samlet innsats inngår ikke i ligningen, "
+"selv med innsats bygget på CC-innhold. Shirky skrev, \"Noen ganger trumfer "
+"verdien av profesjonelt arbeid amatørdeling eller en følelse av "
+"tilhørighet.70 Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax, som distribuerer alt sitt "
+"materiale gratis med CC-lisensiering, er et eksempel på denne dynamikken. I "
+"stedet for å tappe fellesskapet for samlede bidrag til sine college-"
+"lærebøker, investerer de en betydelig mengde tid og penger på å utvikle "
+"faglig innhold. For individuelle innholdsleverandører, der det kreative "
+"arbeidet er grunnlaget for hva de gjør, er samlede innsatser kun sjeldent "
+"sett en del av bildet. Selv musikeren Amanda Palmer, kjent for sin åpenhet "
+"og gode forhold til fansen, sa, \"Det eneste område der jeg var ikke var "
+"åpen for innspill var i skrivingen, musikken i seg selv.\" 71"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—"
+"and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
msgstr ""
+"Mens tankene umiddelbart rettes mot samlet innsats og remiksing når vi hører "
+"ordet samarbeid, kan du også involvere andre i kreative prosesser på mer "
+"uformelle måter, ved å dele halvferdige ideer og tidlige utkast, og "
+"samhandling med publikum i det å ruge ut ideer og få tilbakemeldinger. "
+"Såkalt \"offentlighetslaging\" åpner døren for å la folk føle seg mer "
+"involvert i ditt kreative arbeid.72 Og det viser en ikke-territoriell "
+"tilnærming til ideer og informasjon. Stephen Covey (i The 7 Habits of Highly "
+"Effective People fame) kaller dette overflods- mentalitet - å behandle ideer "
+"som noe rikelig, og det kan skape et miljø der samarbeid blomstrer.73"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2288
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
-msgstr ""
+"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the project. "
+"Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but "
+"every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what they do. The "
+"goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from thinking of "
+"consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition them into "
+"active participants.75"
+msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare en måte å involvere folk i hva du gjør. De sentrale er å "
+"finne en måte for folk å bidra på deres betingelser, nødet av sin egen "
+"motivasjon.74 Hvordan det arter seg varierer vidt, avhengig av prosjektet. "
+"Ikke alle tiltak laget med Creative Commons kan være Wikipedia, men enhver "
+"oppgave kan finne måter å invitere publikum med på hva som gjøres. Målet for "
+"alle former for samarbeid er å bevege seg bort fra å tenke på forbrukere som "
+"passive mottakere av innholdet ditt, og ta imot deres aktive deltagelse.75"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
+"Alex Osterwalder og Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. En forhåndsvisning av boken er tilgjengelig "
+"på strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
+"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
+"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 55."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
"224."
msgstr ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
+"224."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
+"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
+"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
+"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
+"2012), 64."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n"
" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n"
"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n"
-" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n"
-" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
+" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n"
+" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n"
"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n"
"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
"75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of\n"
" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
msgstr ""
+"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
+"10. Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy\n"
+" (New York: Morgan James, 2016), 10.\n"
+"11. Anderson, Free, 62.\n"
+"12. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38.\n"
+"13. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68.\n"
+"14. Anderson, Free, 86.\n"
+"15. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144.\n"
+"16. Anderson, Free, 123.\n"
+"17. Ibid., 132.\n"
+"18. Ibid., 70.\n"
+"19. James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books,\n"
+" 2005), 124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and\n"
+" contracts is how rarely they are invoked.”\n"
+"20. Anderson, Free, 44.\n"
+"21. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23.\n"
+"22. Anderson, Free, 67.\n"
+"23. Ibid., 58.\n"
+"24. Anderson, Makers, 71.\n"
+"25. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into\n"
+" Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78.\n"
+"26. Ibid., 21.\n"
+"27. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43.\n"
+"28. William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten\n"
+" Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring\n"
+" 2009, ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models.\n"
+"29. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111.\n"
+"30. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30.\n"
+"31. Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and\n"
+" Performance (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202.\n"
+"32. Anderson, Free, 71.\n"
+"33. Ibid., 231.\n"
+"34. Ibid., 97.\n"
+"35. Anderson, Makers, 107.\n"
+"36. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89.\n"
+"37. Ibid., 92.\n"
+"38. Anderson, Free, 142.\n"
+"39. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32.\n"
+"40. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150.\n"
+"41. Ibid., 134.\n"
+"42. Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our\n"
+" Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109.\n"
+"43. Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and\n"
+" Get Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93.\n"
+"44. Kramer, Shareology, 76.\n"
+"45. Palmer, Art of Asking, 252.\n"
+"46. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145.\n"
+"47. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203.\n"
+"48. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80.\n"
+"49. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25.\n"
+"50. Ibid., 31.\n"
+"51. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112.\n"
+"52. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124.\n"
+"53. Kleon, Show Your Work, 127.\n"
+"54. Palmer, Art of Asking, 121.\n"
+"55. Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87.\n"
+"56. Ibid., 105.\n"
+"57. Ibid., 36.\n"
+"58. Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly\n"
+" Media, 2012), 36.\n"
+"59. Palmer, Art of Asking, 98.\n"
+"60. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34.\n"
+"61. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200.\n"
+"62. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29.\n"
+"63. Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about\n"
+" Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28,\n"
+" 2015, hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all.\n"
+"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n"
+" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n"
+"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n"
+" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n"
+" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
+"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n"
+"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n"
+"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
+"69. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144.\n"
+"70. Ibid., 154.\n"
+"71. Palmer, Art of Asking, 163.\n"
+"72. Anderson, Makers, 173.\n"
+"73. Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the\n"
+" Potential within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82.\n"
+"74. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
+"75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of\n"
+" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2393
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-62\"></span>The"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-63\"></span>Creative"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2397
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-64\"></span>Commons"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-65\"></span>Licenses"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
+msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
+msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
-"minimum, a CC-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
-msgid ""
-"licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form for "
-"noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
+"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators "
"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
msgstr ""
+"Alle Creative Commons-lisenser gir et grunnleggende sett tillatelser. Som "
+"minstemål kan et CC-lisensiert arbeid kopieres og deles i opprinnelig form "
+"for ikke-kommersielle formål, så lenge henvisning er gitt til den som har "
+"levert innholdet. Det er seks lisenser i CC sine lisenspakker som bygger på "
+"det grunnleggende settet med tillatelser, alt fra de mest romslige ("
+"tillatelse av kun grunnleggende tillgang til å deling av uforandrede kopier "
+"for ikke-kommersielle formål) til den mest romslige (gjenbrukere kan gjøre "
+"hva de vil med arbeidet, til og med for kommersielle formål, så lenge de "
+"krediterer opphavsmannen). Lisensene er bygget på opphavsrett, og dekker "
+"ikke andre typer rettigheter bidragsytere kan ha til sine arbeider, som "
+"patenter eller varemerker."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
+msgstr "Her er de seks lisensene:"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
-"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses "
-"offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed "
-"materials."
+"original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. "
+"Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials."
msgstr ""
+"Attribusjons-lisensen (CC BY) lar andre distribuere, remikse, justere og "
+"bygge videre på ditt arbeid, også kommersielt, så lenge de krediterer deg "
+"for det opprinnelige arbeidet. Dette er den mest imøtekommende lisensen som "
+"tilbys. Anbefalt for maksimal spredning og bruk av lisensiert materiale."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will "
"also allow commercial use."
msgstr ""
+"Med Attribution-Share-Alike lisensen (CC BY-SA) kan andre remikse, "
+"finjustere og bygge videre på ditt arbeid, selv til kommersielle formål, så "
+"lenge de krediterer deg og lisensierer sine nye\n"
+"bidrag på samme vilkår. Denne lisensen er ofte sammenlignet med \"copyleft\"-"
+"programvarelisenser med gratis og åpen kildekode GNU(GPL). Alle nye arbeider "
+"basert på ditt vil ha den samme lisensen, så alle derivater kan også tillate "
+"kommersielt bruk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"credit to you."
msgstr ""
+"Attribution-NoDerivs-lisensen (CC BY-ND) tillater videre distribusjon, "
+"kommersielt og ikke-kommersielt, så lenge arbeidet leveres videre uendret og "
+"kreditert deg."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"acknowledge you, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the "
"same terms."
msgstr ""
+"Attribution-NonCommercial-lisensen (CC BY-NC) lar andre remikse, finjustere, "
+"og ikke-kommersielt bygge videre på arbeidet. Selv om deres nye arbeider "
+"også må anerkjenne deg, trenger de ikke å lisensiere sine avledede arbeider "
+"på samme vilkår."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"credit you and license their new creations under the same terms."
msgstr ""
+"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisensen (CC BY-NC-SA) lar andre "
+"remikse, finjustere og bygge på arbeidet ditt ikke-kommersielt, så lenge de "
+"krediterer deg og lisensiere sine nye arbeider med samme vilkår."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t "
"change them or use them commercially."
msgstr ""
+"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs-lisensen (CC BY-NC-ND) er den mest "
+"restriktive av våre seks viktigste lisenser, og tillater bare andre å laste "
+"ned dine verk og dele dem med andre så lenge de krediterer deg, men de kan "
+"ikke endre dem eller bruke dem kommersielt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:"
msgstr ""
+"I tillegg til disse seks lisenser, jar Creative Commons to offentlige "
+"verktøy - en for innholdsleverandører og den andre for dem som håndterer "
+"samlinger av eksisterende arbeider der opphavsrettighetene til bidragsyterne "
+"har utløpt:"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in\""
+" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
+"CC0 gjør det mulig for innholdsleverandører og rettighetshavere å tilegne "
+"sine arbeider til det verdensomspennende offentlige domenet (\"ingen "
+"rettigheter reservert\")."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in\""
+" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2458
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons Public Domain Mark-et muliggjør merkingen og å oppdage av "
+"verk som allerede er fri for kjente opphavsretts-restriksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
-"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
-"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
-"digital content and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the "
-"software code and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they "
-"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2479
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with the other "
+"licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the public-domain "
+"tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both digital content "
+"and software: by using open-source-software licenses for the software code "
+"and Creative Commons licenses for digital content, they amplify their "
+"involvement with and commitment to sharing."
+msgstr ""
+"I vår referanse-studier, bruker noen bare en Creative Commons-lisens, andre "
+"bruker flere. Attribution (funnet i tretten referanse-studier) og "
+"Attribution-ShareAlike (funnet i åtte studier) var de vanligste. De andre "
+"andre lisenser forekom i rundt fire referanse-studier, inkludert offentlig-"
+"domene-verktøyet CC0. Noen organisasjoner vi undersøkte tilbyr både digitalt "
+"innhold og programvare. Ved å bruke åpen-kildekode-lisenser for programvare-"
+"koden og Creative Commons-lisenser for digitalt innhold, forsterker de sitt "
+"engasjement og forpliktelse til å dele."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
-"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
-"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
-"apply an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film "
-"company to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length "
-"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
+"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC BY-"
+"SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you apply "
+"an Attribution (CC BY) license to your book, you can’t force a film company "
+"to pay you royalties if they turn your book into a feature-length film, or "
+"prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
+msgstr ""
+"Det er en vidtfavnende misforståelse at de tre ikke-kommersielle lisensene "
+"tilbudt av CC er de eneste alternativene for dem som ønsker å tjene penger "
+"på arbeidet sitt. Vi håper denne boka bringer på det rene at det er mange "
+"måter å fremme bærekraftigheten i tiltak som er laget med Creative Commons. "
+"Å reservere seg kommersielle rettigheter er bare én av de måtene. Det er "
+"sannelig sant at en lisens som tillater andre kommersiell bruk av ditt verk ("
+"CC BY, CC BY-SA, og CC BY-ND) forkaster noen tradisjonelle inntektsårer. "
+"Hvis du legger til en nevnelse (CC BY) -lisens til din bok, kan du ikke "
+"tvinge et filmselskap til å betale deg bruksgebyr hvis de gjør din bok til "
+"en helaftens film, eller forhindre et annet selskap å selge fysiske kopier "
+"av ditt verk."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"NonCommercial and NoDerivs licenses are ways of reserving some significant "
-"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to "
-"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
-"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
-"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
-"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
-"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2496
+"portion of the exclusive bundle of rights that copyright grants to creators. "
+"In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you bring in "
+"revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs license "
+"because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative jackpot. The "
+"music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial licenses were "
+"popular among their users because people still held out the dream of having "
+"a major record label discover their work."
+msgstr ""
+"Beslutningen om å velge en NonCommercial- og/eller NoDerivs-lisens "
+"resulterer i en vurdering av hvor mye du trenger å beholde kontrollen over "
+"det kreative arbeidet. NonCommercial- and NoDerivs-lisensene er måter å "
+"reservere en vesentlig del av det eksklusive knippet av rettigheter som "
+"opphavsrett sikrer innholdsleverandører. I noen tilfeller er å reservere "
+"disse rettighetene viktig for hvordan du bringer inn inntekter. I andre "
+"tilfeller, bruker innholdsleverandørene NonCommercial- and NoDerivs-"
+"lisensene fordi de ikke kan gi opp drømmen om å treffe den kreative "
+"storgevinsten. Musikkplattformen Tribe of Noise fortalte oss at "
+"NonCommercial-lisensene var populære blant brukere deres fordi de fortsatt "
+"holdt på drømmen om at et større plateselskap ville oppdage arbeidet deres."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"TeachAIDS uses a NoDerivs license for its educational materials because the "
"medical subject matter is particularly important to get right."
msgstr ""
+"Andre ganger er beslutningen om å bruke en mer restriktiv lisens en "
+"bekymring for integriteten til arbeidet. For eksempel bruker det ikke-"
+"kommersielle TeachAIDS en NoDerivs-lisens for sin læremidler fordi dette "
+"medisinske emnet er særlig viktig å få riktig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"were used. The CC licenses are an attempt to standardize norms across all "
"domains."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare en riktig måte. NonCommercial- og NoDerivs-begrensningene "
+"gjenspeiler verdiene og preferansene til innholdsleverandørene om hvordan "
+"deres kreative arbeid skal gjenbrukes, akkurat som ShareAlike-lisensen "
+"gjenspeiler et annet sett med verdier, som er mindre om å kontrollere "
+"tilgangen til sitt eget arbeid og mer om å sikre at det som blir laget med "
+"deres arbeid er tilgjengelig for alle på samme vilkår. Siden starten av "
+"allmenneier, har folk laget strukturer som hjalp til å regulere måten delte "
+"ressurser ble brukt på. CC-lisensene er et forsøk på å standardisere normer "
+"på tvers av alle domener."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-66\"></span>Note"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
+msgid "Note"
+msgstr "Merk"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
"Your Work” at"
msgstr ""
+"For mer om lisenser, inkludert eksempler og tips om deling av verkene dine i "
+"den digitalle allmenningen, start med Creative Commons-siden med tittelen \""
+"Del ditt verk\" på"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2516
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-67\"></span>Part 2"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2518
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-68\"></span>The Case Studies"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
+msgid "# The Case Studies"
+msgstr "# Referansestudiene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other "
"twelve were selected by us."
msgstr ""
+"De tjuefire referansestudiene i denne seksjonen ble valgt ut blant hundrevis "
+"av forslag fra hjelpere i Kickstarter, medarbeidere i Creative Commons og "
+"det globale Creative Commons-felleskapet. Vi valgte åtti potensielle "
+"kandidater som representerte en blanding av bransjer, innholdstyper, "
+"inntektsstrømmer og deler av verden. Tolv referansestudier ble valgt ut fra "
+"den gruppen etter avstemning blant Kickstarters hjelpere, og de andre tolv "
+"ble valgt av oss."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we "
"interviewed."
msgstr ""
+"Vi gjorde bakgrunnsundersøkelser og gjennomførte intervjuer for hver "
+"referansestudie, basert på det samme settet med grunnleggende spørsmål om "
+"innsatsen. Fokus for hver referansestudie er å fortelle historien om hvordan "
+"oppgaven løses og hvilken rolle deling spiller i den, i hovedsak som måten "
+"det ble fortalt oss på av dem vi intervjuet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-69\"></span>Arduino"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
+msgid "## Arduino"
+msgstr "## Arduino"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
+"Arduino er en inntektsgivende åpen kildekode plattform, og et selskap for "
+"datautstyr og programvare. Grunnlagt i 2005 i Italia."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.arduino.cc"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
"sell Arduino products using their name)"
msgstr ""
+"Inntektsmodell: Betaling for fysiske kopier (salg av brett, moduler, "
+"skjermer og byggesett), lisensiering av et varemerke (avgifter betalt av dem "
+"som ønsker å selge Arduino produkter med deres navn)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2545 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3231
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Dato for intervju: 4 februar 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2547
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2549 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3797 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4038 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4276 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4691 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4904 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6441 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7086
+msgstr "Intervjuobjekter: David Cuartielles og Tom Igoe, medgrunnleggere"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2561
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA), and software with the GNU "
"General Public License."
msgstr ""
+"I 2005, hos Interaction Design Institute Ivrea i Nord-Italia, trengte lærere "
+"og elever en enkel måte å bruke elektronikk og programmering på for raskt "
+"lage prototyper for designideer. Musikere, kunstnere og designere trengte en "
+"plattform som ikke krevde ingeniørekspertise. En gruppe lærere og studenter, "
+"inkludert Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino og "
+"David Mellis, bygget en plattform som kombinerte ulik åpen kildekode-"
+"teknologier. De kalte det Arduino. Plattformen integrerte programvare, "
+"maskinvare, mikrokontroller og elektronikk. Alle aspekter av plattformen ble "
+"åpent lisensiert: Maskinvare og dokumentasjon med Attribution-Share-Alike-"
+"lisens (CC BY-SA), og programvare med GNU General Public License."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"programming language and Arduino software (based on a piece of open-source "
"software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)."
msgstr ""
+"Kretskort fra Arduino kan lese inndata: Lys på en sensor, en finger på en "
+"knapp, eller en Twitter-melding, og snu den til utganger, aktivere en motor, "
+"slå på en LED, og publiserer noe på nettet. Du sender et sett med "
+"instruksjoner til mikrokontrollen på kortet ved hjelp Arduino "
+"programmeringsspråk og Arduino programvare (basert på åpen kildekode "
+"programvare kalt Prosessing, et programmeringsverktøy som brukes til å lage "
+"kunst)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of "
"building.”"
msgstr ""
+"\"Grunnene for å lage Arduino som åpen kildekode er komplisert,\" sier Tom. "
+"Delvis var det som støtte til fleksibilitet. Opplegget med åpen kildekode "
+"hos Arduino gir brukere rett til å endre og lage mange forskjellige "
+"varianter, lagt på toppen av det grunnleggerne bygget. David sier dette \""
+"endte opp styrke plattformen langt utover det vi til og med hadde tenkt å "
+"bygge.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2584
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
-"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
-"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
-"and research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would "
-"outlive the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about "
-"open source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source "
-"product lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a"
+"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
+"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
+"research just disappear. Open-sourcing ensured that Arduino would outlive "
+"the Ivrea closure. Persistence is one thing Tom really likes about open "
+"source. If key people leave, or a company shuts down, an open-source product "
+"lives on. In Tom’s view, “Open sourcing makes it easier to trust a product.”"
msgstr ""
+"En annen faktor for Tom var den forestående nedleggelsen av Ivrea "
+"designskole. Han hadde sett andre organisasjoner lukke dørene og at alt "
+"arbeid og forskning bare forsvant. Åpen kildekode sikret at Arduino ville "
+"overleve nedleggelsen av Ivrea. Utholdenhet er den tingen Tom virkelig liker "
+"ved åpen kildekode. Hvis nøkkelpersoner drar, eller selskapet avsluttes, "
+"lever et åpen kildekode-produkt videre. Etter Toms syn \"Bruk av åpen "
+"kildekode gjør det enklere å stole på et produkt.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
-msgid "product.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
"enhancing Arduino."
msgstr ""
+"Da skolen lukket startet David og noen av de andre Arduino-grunnleggerne et "
+"konsulentfirma og et tverrfaglig designstudio de kalte Tinker, i London. "
+"Tinker utviklet produkter og tjenester som bygde bro mellom det digitale og "
+"fysiske, og de lærte folk hvordan de skulle bruke ny teknologi på kreative "
+"måter. Inntekter fra Tinker ble investert i å opprettholde og styrke Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
"this, we’ll make a lot of money.” Tom notes that being your own first "
"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product."
msgstr ""
+"For Tom er del av Arduinos suksess at grunnleggerne har gjort seg den første "
+"kunden til produktet deres. De laget de produktene de selv personlig ønsket. "
+"Det var et spørsmål om \"Jeg trenger denne tingen,\" ikke \"Hvis vi lager "
+"denne, vil vi tjene mye penger.\" Tom bemerker at å være din egen første "
+"kunde gjør deg mer trygg og overbevisende når produktet ditt skal selges."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
"product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it."
msgstr ""
+"Arduinos forretningsmodell har utviklet seg over tid - og Tom sier at modell "
+"er et stort ord for den. Opprinnelig ville de bare lage noen få kretskort og "
+"få dem ut i verden. De startet med to hundre kort, solgte dem, og fikk et "
+"lite overskudd. De brukte det for å lage tusen til, som genererte nok "
+"inntekter til å lage fem tusen. I begynnelsen prøvde de bare å generere nok "
+"midler for å holde virksomheten gående fra dag til dag. Når de traff titusen-"
+"merket, begynte de å tenke på Arduino som selskap. Da var det klart at du "
+"kan ha åpen kildekode for designet, men fortsatt produsere det fysiske "
+"produktet. Så lenge det er et kvalitetsprodukt og selges til en rimelig "
+"pris, vil folk kjøpe det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"of makers has contributed an incredible amount of accessible knowledge "
"helpful to novices and experts alike."
msgstr ""
+"Arduino har nå et verdensomspennende fellesskap av produsenter, studenter og "
+"amatører, kunstnere, programmerere og fagfolk. Arduino tilbyr en wiki kalt "
+"Playground (en wiki er der alle brukere kan redigere og legge til sider, "
+"bidra til, og ha nytte av kollektive undersøkelser). Folk deler koden, "
+"kretsdiagrammer, veiledninger, gjør det selv-instruksjoner og tips og triks, "
+"og viser frem sine prosjekter. I tillegg er det et flerspråklig "
+"diskusjonsforum der brukere kan få hjelp til å bruke Arduino, diskutere "
+"temaer som robotikk og komme med forslag til nye Arduino produktdesigner. I "
+"januar 2017, hadde 324 928 medlemmer laget 2 989 489 innlegg om 379 044 "
+"emner. Det verdensomspennende fellesskapet av bidragsytere har gitt en "
+"utrolig mengde tilgjengelig kunnskap til hjelp både for nybegynnere og "
+"eksperter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the "
"business."
msgstr ""
+"Arduinos overgang fra et prosjekt til et selskap var et stort skritt. Andre "
+"bedrifter som lagte kretskort tok mye penger for dem. Arduino ville gjøre "
+"sine tilgjengelige til en lav pris for et bredt spekter av bransjer. Som med "
+"all forretning var priser nøkkelen. De ønsket priser som vil gi mange "
+"kunder, men som også var høy nok til å opprettholde virksomheten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2638
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
-"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still "
-"apply. David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an "
-"open-source way can only help you.”"
+"business, and all the things needed to successfully run one still apply. "
+"David says, “If you do those other things well, sharing things in an open-"
+"source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
+"For en bedrift er å ikke være i rødt ved slutten av året en suksess. Arduino "
+"kan ha en åpen-lisens strategi, men de er fortsatt en bedrift, og alt som er "
+"nødvendig for å kunne drive den vellykket, gjelder fortsatt. David sier, \""
+"Hvis du gjør disse andre tingene bra, kan å deling ting med åpen kildekode "
+"bare hjelpe deg.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"the new design using the same Creative Commons license to ensure that the "
"new version is equally free and open."
msgstr ""
+"Mens åpen lisens sikres design, dokumentasjon og programvare lang levetid, "
+"innebærer den også risiko. Det er en mulighet for at andre vil lage "
+"rimeligere utgaver, kloner og kopier. CC BY-SA lisensen betyr noen kan lage "
+"kopier av deres kretskort, omforme dem og til og med selge kretskort som "
+"kopierer designet. De trenger ikke å betale en lisensavgift til Arduino "
+"eller be om tillatelse. Men hvis de gir ut kortet igjen med samme design, må "
+"de henvise til Arduino. Hvis de endrer utformingen, må de utgi den nye "
+"utformingen med samme Creative Commons lisens for å sikre at den nye "
+"versjonen er like fri og åpen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"back to the Arduino ecosystem, ideas and designs that Arduino and the "
"Arduino community use and incorporate into new products."
msgstr ""
+"Tom og David sier at mange mennesker har bygget selskaper ut fra Arduino, "
+"med dusinvis av Arduino derivater der ute. Men i motsetning til lukkede "
+"forretningsmodeller som kan vri penger ut av systemet over mange år fordi "
+"det ikke er konkurranse, så Arduinos grunnleggere konkurransen som et middel "
+"til å holder seg ærlige og rettet mot et samarbeidsmiljø. En fordel med åpen "
+"fremfor lukket, er de mange nye ideer og design andre har bidratt med til "
+"Arduinos økosystem, ideer og design som Arduino og Arduinos allmenneie "
+"bruker og innlemmer i nye produkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a "
"board to give it extra features), and kits.1"
msgstr ""
+"Over tid, har det utviklet seg en mangeslungen varietet av Arduino "
+"produkter,i endring og tilpasning til nye behov og utfordringer. I tillegg "
+"til enkle kretskort på inngangsnivå, er nye produkter lagt til - fra "
+"forbedrede kort med avansert funksjonalitet og raskere ytelse, til kort for "
+"å lage programmer til Internett av ting, iklebare ting og 3D-printing. Hele "
+"spekteret av offisielle Arduino produkter inkluderer kort, moduler (en "
+"mindre formfaktor av klassiske kort), skjold (shield) (elementer som kan "
+"kobles til et kort for å gi den ekstra funksjoner) og byggesett.1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"success. And being open lets you build a real community. David says "
-"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does "
-"matter—in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino "
-"team had almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by "
-"conducting numerous workshops, working directly with people using the "
-"platform to make sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant "
-"to work and solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from "
-"there."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2688
+"Arduino’s community is a big strength and something that really does matter—"
+"in his words, “It’s good business.” When they started, the Arduino team had "
+"almost entirely no idea how to build a community. They started by conducting "
+"numerous workshops, working directly with people using the platform to make "
+"sure the hardware and software worked the way it was meant to work and "
+"solved people’s problems. The community grew organically from there."
+msgstr ""
+"Arduinos fokus er på høykvalitetskort, godt designet støttemateriell og "
+"bygging dets fellesskap; Dette fokuset er én av nøklene til suksessen. Det å "
+"være åpen lar deg bygge et ekte fellesskap. David sier Arduinos samfunn er "
+"en stor styrke og noe som virkelig gjør noe, som han sier: \"det er god "
+"forretningsførsel.\" Da de begynte, hadde Arduino-laget nesten ingen anelse "
+"om hvordan man bygger fellesskap. De startet ved å gjennomføre mange "
+"arbeidsrettede møter, direkte med personer som bruker plattformen for å "
+"kontrollere at maskinvaren og programvaren var formålstjenlig i det å løse "
+"folks problemer. Samfunnet vokste organisk derfra."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"distribution while at the same time ensuring the Arduino brand isn’t hurt by "
"low-quality copies."
msgstr ""
+"En viktig beslutning for Arduino var å varemerke navnet. Grunnleggerne "
+"trengte en måte å garantere folk kjøp av et kvalitetsprodukt fra et selskap "
+"forpliktet til friprog-filosofi og kunnskapsdeling. Varemerking av Arduinos "
+"navn og logo gir den garantien, og hjelper kundene å enkelt identifisere "
+"produktene deres, samt produkter godkjent av dem. Hvis andre ønsker å selge "
+"kretskort med Arduinonavn og -logo, må de betale en liten avgift til "
+"Arduino. Dette gjør Arduino i stand til å skalere opp produksjon og "
+"distribusjon på samtidig som det forsikres at Arduino-merket ikke skades av "
+"lavkvalitetskopier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
-"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
-"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
-"revenue-generating model."
+"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial development. "
+"The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s revenue-"
+"generating model."
msgstr ""
+"Gjeldende offisielle produsenter er Smart-prosjekter i Italia, SparkFun i "
+"USA, og Dog Hunter i Taiwan/Kina. Dette er de eneste produsentene som "
+"tillates å bruke Arduino-logoen på brettene sine. Varemerkingen av "
+"merkevare deres har gitt grunnleggerne en måte å beskytte Arduino på, bygge "
+"ut videre, finansiere utvikling av programvare og opplæring. Gebyret for "
+"varemerke-lisensiering ble Arduinos inntektsgenererende modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2703
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"project called Freeduino, but overall, trademarking and branding has been a "
"critical tool for Arduino."
msgstr ""
+"Hvilken utstrekning ting skulle åpnes i var ikke alltid noe grunnleggerne "
+"helt enige om. David, som alltid gikk i bresjen for å åpne ting opp mer, "
+"hadde noen betenkeligheter om beskyttelse av Arduino-navnet, i det at folk "
+"kanskje ble sure om de beskyttet deres merkevare. Det var et tidlig "
+"tilbakeslag med et prosjekt kalt Freeduino, men samlet, varemerking og "
+"merkevarebygging har vært et kritisk verktøy for Arduino."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"needs to be protected and why. There are lots of good reasons to not open up "
"certain elements. This strategy of sharing everything is certainly the "
-"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is "
-"shared. Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open "
-"sharing and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send "
-"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
+"complete opposite of how today’s world operates, where nothing is shared. "
+"Tom suggests a business formalize which elements are based on open sharing "
+"and which are closed. An Arduino blog post from 2013 entitled “Send In the "
+"Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
msgstr ""
+"David oppfordrer folk og bedrifter til å starte ved å dele alt som forvalgt "
+"strategi, og deretter tenke på om det er noe som virkelig trenger "
+"beskyttelse, og hvorfor. Det er mange gode grunner til å ikke åpne bestemte "
+"elementer. Denne strategien for å dele alt, er den diametrale motsats til "
+"hvordan dagens verden opererer, der ingenting er delt. Tom foreslår at en "
+"bedrift formaliserer hvilke elementer som er basert på åpen deling, og "
+"hvilke som er lukket. Et Arduino-blogginnlegg fra 2013, med tittelen “Send "
+"In the Clones”, fra en av grunnleggerne Massimo Banzi, er til stor hjelp for "
+"å forklare hele kompleksiteten i hvordan varemerkingen deres ble rullet ut, "
+"ved å skille mellom offisielle kort og de som er kloner, derivater, "
+"kompatible og forfalskninger.2"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that "
"help other people make things.”"
msgstr ""
+"For David er en spennende del av Arduino hvordan bruken muliggjør tilpasning "
+"av teknologi på mange forskjellige måter for så mange. Teknologi åpner "
+"alltid flere muligheter, men ikke alltid med fokus på dens enkelhet i bruk "
+"og tilpasningsdyktighet. Det er der Arduino trår til. Arduinos mål er \"å "
+"lage ting som hjelper andre mennesker å lage ting.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
"helping the world get over the idea that technology has to be protected. Tom "
"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”"
msgstr ""
+"Arduino har vært svært vellykket med å få teknologi og elektronikk ut til et "
+"større publikum. For Tom, har Arduino vært om \"demokratisering av "
+"teknologi\". Tom ser Arduinos åpen kildekodestrategi som å hjelpe verden å "
+"komme over den tanken at teknologien må ha beskyttelse. Tom sier, \""
+"Teknologi er en ferdighet om alle burde lære.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"manufacturing."
msgstr ""
+"Til slutt, for Arduino, å bli åpne har vært bra for forretningen - bra for "
+"produktutvikling, bra for distribusjon, bra for prising og bra for "
+"produksjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2734 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6029 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid "Web links"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Linker til nettet"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-70\"></span>Ártica"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
+msgid "## Ártica"
+msgstr "## Ártica"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica gir kurs på nettet og konsulenttjenester fokusert på hvordan du "
+"bruker digital teknologi til å dele kunnskap og muliggjøre samarbeid i kunst "
+"og kultur. Grunnlagt i 2011 i Uruguay."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.articaonline.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Inntektsmodell: Betaling for tilpassede tjenester"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2749
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Dato for intervju: 9. mars 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Intervjuobjekter: Mariana Fossatti og Jorge Gemetto, medgrunnleggere"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2903 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3058 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3402 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4520 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5611 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6282 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6720 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6898 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Profilen skrevet av Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2758
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"niche in which their small business operates is essentially one they built "
"themselves."
msgstr ""
+"Historien om Mariana Fossattis og Jorge Gemettos virksomhet, Ártica, er det "
+"beste eksempelet på Gjør det selv(DIY). Ikke bare er de vellykkede grundere, "
+"nisjen deres lille virksomhet opererer er i, er i hovedsak en de har bygget "
+"selv."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Drømmejobbene deres eksisterer ikke, så de laget dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2770
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
-"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
-"issues. Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both "
-"were bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for "
-"arts and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology "
-"and online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
+"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
+"Jorge was a psychologist, also working in online education. Both were "
+"bloggers and heavy users of social media, and both had a passion for arts "
+"and culture. They decided to take their skills in digital technology and "
+"online learning and apply them to a topic area they loved. They launched "
"Ártica, an online business that provides education and consulting for people "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
+"I 2011 var Mariana en sosiolog som arbeider for en internasjonal "
+"organisasjon med å utvikle forskning og utdanning på nettet om "
+"jordbruksutviklingsoppgaver. Jorge var psykolog, som også arbeidet med "
+"utdanning på nett. Begge var bloggere og tunge brukere av sosiale medier, og "
+"begge hadde en lidenskap for kunst og kultur. Med sine ferdigheter i digital "
+"teknologi og nettlæring besluttet de å bruke dem på et område de likte. De "
+"lanserte Ártica, en bedrift som gir opplæring og rådgivning for folk og "
+"institusjoner som utvikler kunstneriske og kulturelle prosjekter på "
+"Internettet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or "
"intermediaries."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica føles som en unik virksomhet i det tjueførste århundre. Det lille "
+"selskapet har en global tilstedeværelse på Internett uten fysiske kontorer. "
+"Jorge og Mariana bor i Uruguay, og de andre to fulltids ansatte, som Jorge "
+"og Mariana har aldri møtt personlig, bor i Spania. De startet ved å opprette "
+"en MOOC (et fleksibelt nettkurs, gratis og tilgjengelig for alle) om remiks-"
+"kultur og samarbeid innen kunsten, som ga dem en direkte vei til et "
+"internasjonalt publikum, og tiltrekke seg studenter fra hele Latin-Amerika "
+"og Spania. Med andre ord, det er den klassiske Internett-historien om å "
+"kunne koble seg direkte til publikum uten å være avhengig av portvoktere "
+"eller mellommenn."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"questions,” Mariana said. Rather than sell access to their content, they "
"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica tilbyr tilpasset utdanning og konsulenttjenester og hjelper kundene "
+"gjennomføre prosjekter. Alle disse tjenestene er tilpasset. De kaller det en "
+"\"artisan\" prosess på grunn av den tid og det krefter det tar for å "
+"tilpasse sitt arbeid til de spesielle behovene til studenter og kunder. \""
+"Hver student eller kunden betaler for en bestemt løsning på hans eller "
+"hennes problemer og spørsmål,\" sier Mariana. I stedet for å selge tilgang "
+"til innholdet sitt, de gir det gratis, og tar betalt for de "
+"tilpasningstjenestene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"communities are more specific than we thought,” Mariana said. Ártica now "
-"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each "
-"course. This means they can provide more attention to individual students "
-"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
+"provides more options for classes and has lower enrollment in each course. "
+"This means they can provide more attention to individual students and offer "
+"classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
+"Da de begynte, tilbød de et mindre antall kurs laget for å tiltrekke seg "
+"store målgrupper. \"Gjennom årene har vi innsett at nettsamfunn er mer "
+"spesifikke enn vi trodde,\" sa Mariana. Ártica leverer nå flere alternative "
+"klasser og har færre påmeldinger på hvert kurs. Dette betyr at de kan gi "
+"hver enkelte elev mer oppmerksomhet og tilby klasser om mer spesialiserte "
+"emner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"when they work with cultural institutions, and some are smaller projects "
"commissioned by individual artists."
msgstr ""
+"Kurs på nettet er deres største inntektskilde, men de har også mer enn et "
+"dusin konsulentprosjekter hvert år, alt fra digitalisering til "
+"arrangementsplanlegging og markedsføringskampanjer. Noen av dem har en viss "
+"størrelse, spesielt når de jobber med kulturinstitusjoner, mens andre er "
+"mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new "
"resource they create opens new doors."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica ser også etter offentlig og privat finansiering til bestemte "
+"prosjekter. Noen ganger, selv om de ikke lykkes i å få støtte til et "
+"prosjekt som et nytt kurs eller en nettbok, gå de videre fordi de tror på "
+"det. De tar det standpunktet at hvert nytt prosjekt fører dem til noe nytt, "
+"hver ny ressurs de lager åpner nye dører."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a "
"fair and ethical agreement.”"
msgstr ""
+"Ártica lener seg tungt på at deres gratis Creative Commons-lisensierte "
+"innhold vil trekke til seg nye studenter og kunder. Alt de lager, nettbasert "
+"utdanning, blogg-innlegg, videoer, utgis med en Attribution-ShareAlike-"
+"lisens (CC BY-SA). \"Vi bruker en ShareAlike lisens fordi vi vil gi størst "
+"mulig frihet til våre studenter og lesere, og vi ønsker også at friheten "
+"skal være viral,\" sa Jorge. For dem er å gi andre rett til å gjenbruke og "
+"remikse innholdet en grunnleggende verdi. \"Hvordan kan du tilby en "
+"nettbasert pedagogisk tjeneste uten å gi tillatelse til å laste ned, lage og "
+"beholde kopier eller skrive ut de pedagogiske ressursene?\" Jorge sier: \""
+"Hvis vi ønsker å gjøre det best for våre studenter - de som stoler på oss "
+"til det punktet at de er villige til å betale på nettet uten ansikt til "
+"ansikt kontakt - har vi bare å tilby dem en hederlig og etisk avtale.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"distributed printed copies. Ártica views reuse of their work as a way to "
"open up new opportunities for their business."
msgstr ""
+"De tror også at å dele sine ideer og sin ekspertise åpent hjelper dem å "
+"bygge omdømmet og synligheten sin. Folk deler og siterer deres arbeid ofte. "
+"For noen år siden, plukket en utgiver selv opp en av nettbøkene deres og "
+"distribuerte trykte kopier. Ártica ser gjenbruk av arbeidet deres som en vei "
+"til å åpne opp nye muligheter for sin virksomhet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
-"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
-"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
-"they spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find "
-"inspiration. “Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a "
-"conversation between us, or with friends from other projects,” Jorge "
-"said. “That can be the first step for a new blog post or another simple "
-"piece of content, which can evolve to a more complex product in the future, "
-"like a course or a book.”"
+"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
+"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
+"spoke of all of the spontaneous and organic ways they find inspiration. "
+"“Sometimes, the collaborative process starts with a conversation between us, "
+"or with friends from other projects,” Jorge said. “That can be the first "
+"step for a new blog post or another simple piece of content, which can "
+"evolve to a more complex product in the future, like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
+"Troen på at åpenhet skaper nye muligheter, reflekterer en annen tro, til alt "
+"hell. Når de beskriver sin prosess når de lager innhold, snakker de om alle "
+"de spontane og organiske måtene de finne inspirasjon på. \"Noen ganger "
+"starter samarbeidsprosessen med en samtale mellom oss, eller med venner fra "
+"andre prosjekter,\" sa Jorge. \"Det kan være det første skrittet til et nytt "
+"blogginnlegg eller et nytt enkelt innhold, som i fremtiden kan utvikle seg "
+"til et mer sammensatt produkt, som et kurs eller en bok.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
"learn, always exploring and testing new ideas and ways of operating. In many "
"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product."
msgstr ""
+"Heller enn å planlegging arbeideet sitt på forhånd, lar de kreative "
+"prosessen sine være dynamiske. \"Dette betyr ikke at vi ikke trenger å jobbe "
+"hardt for å få gode profesjonelle resultater, men utformingsprosessen er mer "
+"fleksibel,\" sa Jorge. De deler tidlig og ofte, og de justerer ut fra det de "
+"lærer, og utforsker og tester alltid nye ideer og måter å arbeide på. På "
+"mange måter er prosessen for dem like viktig som sluttproduktet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the "
"relationships.”"
msgstr ""
+"Folk og relasjoner er like viktige, noen ganger mer. \"I den pedagogiske og "
+"kulturelle virksomheten, det er viktig å ta hensyn til folk og prosesser, "
+"snarere enn innhold eller spesielle formater eller materialer,\" sa Mariana. "
+"\"Materialer og innhold er flytende. Den viktige tingen er relasjonene.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"and share their knowledge."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica tror på kraften i nettverket. De søker å lage forbindelser mellom "
+"mennesker og institusjoner over hele verden, så de kan lære av dem og dele "
+"sine kunnskaper."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
"system. Ultimately, what drives their work is a mission to democratize art "
"and culture."
msgstr ""
+"Kjernen i alt Ártica gjør er et sett verdier. \"Godt innhold ikke er nok,\" "
+"sa Jorge. \"Vi tror også at det er svært viktig å ta et standpunkt for noe i "
+"kultursektoren.\" Mariana og Jorge er aktivister. De forsvarer fri kultur ("
+"bevegelsen som fremmer frihet til å endre og distribuere kreativt arbeid) og "
+"arbeider for å vise skjæringspunktet mellom fri kultur og andre bevegelser "
+"for sosial rettferdighet. Innsatsen deres for å involvere mennesker i sitt "
+"arbeid og aktivere kunstnere og kulturinstitusjoner til å bedre bruken av "
+"teknologi er tett knyttet til deres holdninger. Til syvende og sist, det som "
+"driver deres arbeid er målet om å demokratisere kunst og kultur."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, "
"efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success."
msgstr ""
+"Ártica må selvfølgelig også tjene nok penger til å dekke sine utgifter. I "
+"stor grad er menneskelige ressursser den største utgiftsposten. De trekker "
+"veksler på samarbeidspartnere fra sak til sak og leier inn oppdragstakere "
+"til bestemte prosjekter. Når det er mulig trekker de vekslere på "
+"kunstneriske og kulturelle ressurser i fellesskapet, og de stoleer på fri "
+"programvare. Virksomheten deres er liten, effektiv og bærekraftig, og derfor "
+"den er en suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and "
"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
msgstr ""
+"\"Det er mange mennesker som tilbyr kurs på nettet,\" sa Jorge. \"Men det er "
+"lett å skille oss ut. Vi har en tilnærming som er veldig spesifikk og "
+"personlig.\" Árticas modell er forankret i det personlige på alle nivåer. "
+"For Mariana og Jorge betyr suksess å gjøre det som bringer dem personlig "
+"mening og hensikt, og gjøre det bærekraftig og i samarbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
"will get frustrated,” Mariana said. “We try to show them another image of "
"what it looks like.”"
msgstr ""
+"I sitt arbeid med yngre artister, prøver Mariana og Jorge å understreke at "
+"denne modellen for suksess er like verdifull som bildet av suksess vi får i "
+"media. \"Hvis de bare søker etter den tradisjonell typen suksess, vil de bli "
+"frustrert,\" sa Mariana. \"Vi prøver å vise dem et annet bilde av hvordan "
+"det ser ut.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-71\"></span>Blender Institute"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
+msgid "## Blender Institute"
+msgstr "## Blender Institute"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
+"Blender Institute er et animasjonsstudio som lager 3D filmer med Blender "
+"programvare. Grunnlagt i 2006 i Nederland."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.blender.org"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
+"Inntektsmodell: Folkefinansiering (abonnementsbasert), betaling for fysiske "
+"kopier, varesalg"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Dato for intervju: 8 mars 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Intervjuet: Francesco Siddi, produksjonsleder"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"content they create in a way that benefits Blender and its community in "
"concrete ways."
msgstr ""
+"For Ton Roosendaal, som skapte Blender programvare og de tilknyttede "
+"enhetene, er deling praktisk. Å gjøre deres programvare for å lage 3D-"
+"innhold tilgjengelig under fri programvare-lisens har vært integrerende for "
+"programmets utvikling og popularitet. Å bruke programvaren til å lage filmer "
+"lisensiert med Creative Commons, skjøv denne utviklingen ytterligere "
+"fremover. Deling gjør det mulig for folk å delta og samhandle med og å bygge "
+"videre på den teknologien og innholdet de lager på en måte som er til fordel "
+"for Blender og Blenders fellesskap helt konkret."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"easier. And, of course, each project involves a long, rewarding process for "
"the creative and technical community working together."
msgstr ""
+"Hvert åpen-film prosjekt Blender kjører, produserer en rekke åpent "
+"lisensierte resultater, ikke bare den endelige filmen selv, men alt "
+"kildematerialet også. Den kreative prosessen forbedrer også utviklingen av "
+"Blenders programvare fordi det tekniske teamet responderer direkte på "
+"behovene filmens produksjonsteam har, ved å lage verktøy og funksjoner som "
+"gjør livet deres enklere. Og, selvfølgelig, hvert prosjekt innebærer en "
+"lang, givende prosess der det kreative og tekniske fellesskapet arbeider "
+"sammen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t "
"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”"
msgstr ""
+"Heller enn bare å snakke om de teoretisk fordelene av deling og fri kultur, "
+"er Ton veldig for å få til og lage fri kultur. Blender produksjonsleder "
+"Francesco Siddi fortalte oss at, \"Ton tror hvis du ikke lager innhold ved å "
+"bruke verktøyet ditt, så gjør du ikke noenting\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
"with investors—if he could raise enough money, he could then make the "
"Blender software available under the GNU General Public License."
msgstr ""
+"Blenders historie begynner i 1990, da Ton opprettet programvaren Blender. "
+"Opprinnelig var programvaren en intern ressurs for hans animasjonsstudio i "
+"Nederland. Investorer ble interessert i programvaren, så han begynte "
+"markedsføring programvaren til publikum, og tilbød en gratis versjon i "
+"tillegg til en betalt versjon. Salget var skuffende, og hans investorer ga "
+"opp forsøket tidlig på 2000-tallet. Han gjorde en avtale med investorer - "
+"hvis han kunne skaffe nok penger, kunne han så gjøre Blender-programvaren "
+"tilgjengelig under GNU General Public License."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"and he put a lot of work into fostering a community of developers so that "
"the project could live.”"
msgstr ""
+"Dette var lenge før Kickstarter og andre nettsteder for folkefinansiering "
+"eksisterte, men Ton kjørte sin egen versjon av en folkefinansiering og "
+"skaffet raskt pengene han trengte. Blender-programvaren ble fritt "
+"tilgjengelig å bruke for alle. Men bare å bruke General Public License til "
+"programvaren, men var ikke nok til å få til et blomstrende fellesskap rundt "
+"den. Francesco fortalte oss: \"Programvare med denne kompleksiteten er "
+"avhengig av mennesker og deres visjon om hvordan folk arbeider sammen. Ton "
+"er en fantastisk felleskapsbygger og leder, og han har lagt ned mye arbeid i "
+"å fremme et fellesskap av utviklere slik at prosjektet kunne leve\"."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2954
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
"doing the same thing in the dark for ten years.” Ton set up the Blender "
"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance."
msgstr ""
+"Som ethvert vellykket programvareprosjekt med gratis og åpen kildekode "
+"utviklet Blender seg raskt fordi fellesskapet kunne gjøre feilrettinger og "
+"forbedringer. \"Programvare bør være fritt og åpent for rettelser,\" sa "
+"Francesco. \"Ellers gjør alle det samme i mørket i ti år.\" Ton satt opp "
+"Blender Foundation til å overvåke og forvalte programvareutviklingen og "
+"vedlikeholdet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
"they would improve the Blender software in the process."
msgstr ""
+"Etter noen år begynte Ton å lete etter nye måter å fremme utviklingen av "
+"programvaren. Han fikk ideen om å lage CC-lisensierte filmer med Blender-"
+"programvare. Ton la ut en forespørsel på nettet til alle interesserte og "
+"erfarne kunstnere. Francesco sa ideen var å få de beste artistene som var "
+"tilgjengelig, sette dem i en bygning sammen med de beste utviklerne, og få "
+"dem til å arbeide sammen. De skulle ikke bare lage åpent lisensiert innhold "
+"av høy kvalitet, de skulle forbedre Blenders programvare i prosessen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
-"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he "
-"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
+"by producing CC-licensed material was mind-blowing to people,” he said. "
+"“They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
+"De vendte seg til folkefinansiering for å subsidiere prosjektkostnadene. De "
+"hadde tyve personer som jobbet fulltid i seks til ti måneder, så kostnadene "
+"var betydelige. Francesco sa at når folkefinansierings-kampanjen deres "
+"lyktes, var folk forbløffet. \"Ideen om at å tjene penger var mulig ved å "
+"produsere CC-lisensiert materiale, var overveldende for folk,\" sa han. \"De "
+"var som \"jeg må se det for å tro det\".\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"project was an even bigger success. The film, Big Buck Bunny, went viral, "
"and its animated characters were picked up by marketers."
msgstr ""
+"Den første filmen, som ble utgitt i 2006, var et eksperiment. Det var så "
+"vellykket at Ton besluttet å sette opp Blender Institute, en enhet øremerket "
+"til å huse åpen-film prosjekter. Blender Institutes neste prosjekt var en "
+"enda større suksess. Filmen, Big Buck Bunny, gikk viralt og de animerte "
+"figurene ble plukket opp av markedsførere."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2987
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
-"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on "
-"storytelling. Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale "
-"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
-"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
-"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
-"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
-"constraints.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
+"complex, combining technical experts and artists who focus on storytelling. "
+"Francesco says the process is almost on an industrial scale because of the "
+"number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized assistance, but "
+"the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it needs to help on "
+"projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film projects because the "
+"talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many people want to work with "
+"us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget constraints.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Francesco sa at over tid har Blender Institute prosjektene blitt større og "
+"mer betydningsfulle. Det betyr at prosessen med å lage film har blitt mer "
+"kompleks ved å kombinere tekniske eksperter og kunstnere som har fokus på "
+"historiefortelling. Francesco sier prosessen er nesten på industriell skala "
+"bå grunn av antallet bevegelige deler. Dette krever mye spesialisert hjelp, "
+"men Blender Institute har ingen problemer med å finne det talentet som "
+"trenges til å bistå prosjekter. \"Blender utfører knapt gjør noen "
+"rekruttering til filmprosjekter fordi talentet dukker helt naturlig opp\", "
+"sa Francesco. \"Så mange mennesker ønsker å samarbeide med oss, at vi ikke "
+"alltid kan ansette dem på grunn av budsjettbegrensninger.\""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community "
"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said."
msgstr ""
+"Blender har hatt stor suksess med å skaffe penger fra sitt fellesskap "
+"gjennom årene. På mange måter har det blitt lettere å lage banen. Ikke bare "
+"er folkefinansiering blitt bedre kjent i offentligheten, men folk kjenner "
+"til og stoler på at Blender leverer, og Ton har opparbeidet et rykte som en "
+"effektiv fellesskapsleder og visjonær for arbeidet deres. \"Det er et helt "
+"fellesskap som ser og forstår fordelen med disse prosjektene,\" sa Francesco."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes "
"home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
msgstr ""
+"Mens disse fordelene fra hvert åpen-film-prosjekt får en et overbevisende "
+"grunnlag for folkefinansierings-kampanjer, fortalte Francesco oss. Blender "
+"Institute har funnet noen begrensninger i den standard folkefinansierings-"
+"modellen der man legger frem et bestemt prosjekt og ber om finansiering. \""
+"Når et prosjekt er over, drar alle hjem,\" sa han. \"Det er mye moro, men så "
+"slutter det. Det er et problem.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"also has extensive training materials and libraries of characters and other "
"assets used in various projects."
msgstr ""
+"For å gjøre arbeidet mer bærekraftig, trengte de en måte for å motta "
+"kontinuerlig støtte og ikke på prosjekt-for-prosjekt basis. Deres løsning er "
+"Blender Sky, en abonnementstype folkefinansieringsmodell som likner den "
+"nettbaserte folkfinansierings-plattformen Patreon. For ca. 10 euro hver "
+"måned får abonnenter tilgang til å laste ned alt det Blender Institute "
+"produserer - programvare, kunst, opplæring, og mer. Alle disse ressursene er "
+"tilgjengelige med en Attribution-lisens (CC BY) eller plassert i den "
+"offentlige sfæren (CC0), men de er opprinnelig gjort tilgjengelige kun for "
+"abonnenter. Blender Cloud lar abonnentene følge Blenders filmprosjekter mens "
+"de utvikles, og deler detaljert informasjon og innhold til bruk i den "
+"kreative prosessen. Blender Cloud har også omfattende opplæringsmateriell, "
+"biblioteker med rollemodeller og andre ressurser til bruk i ulike prosjekter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
"goal is to grow their subscriber base. “This is our freedom,” he told us, "
"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”"
msgstr ""
+"Kontinuerlig økonomisk støtte fra Blender Cloud finansierer fem til seks "
+"heltidsansatte ved Blender Institute. Francesco sier at deres mål er å "
+"utvide sin abonnentbase. \"Dette er vår frihet,\" fortalte han oss, \"og for "
+"kunstnere er frihet alt.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"other revenue streams, such as the Blender Store, where people can purchase "
"DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products."
msgstr ""
+"Blender Cloud er den primære inntektskilden for Blender Institute. Blender "
+"Fundation er finanisert hovedsakelig av donasjoner, og pengene går til "
+"programvare-utvikling og -vedlikehold. Inntektstrømmene til Blender "
+"Institute og Foundation er bevisst holdt separat. Blender har også andre "
+"inntektsstrømmer, som Blender butikken, hvor folk kan kjøpe DVDer, t-"
+"skjorter og andre Blender produkter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3033
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
-"the software and the content produced with the software free and "
-"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
+"the software and the content produced with the software free and open. "
+"Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
+"Ton har jobbet med prosjekter knyttet til Blender programvare i nesten tjue "
+"år. Gjennom det meste av denne tiden, har han vært opptatt av å gjøre "
+"programvaren og innholdet som er produsert med programvaren gratis og åpent. "
+"Å selge en lisens har aldri vært en del av forretningsmodellen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
+#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
"sources, it still takes a lot of talent, skills, time, and budget to "
"reproduce what you did,” Ton said."
msgstr ""
+"Siden 2006, har han gjort filmer tilgjengelig sammen med alt tilhørende "
+"kildemateriale. Han sier han har knapt sett mennesker som har satt foten i "
+"Blender sko og prøvd å tjene penger på innholdet. Ton mener dette er fordi "
+"den sanne verdien av hva de gjør i den kreative- og i produksjons-prosessen. "
+"\"Selv om du deler alt, alle din originale kilder, kreves det mye talent, "
+"ferdigheter, tid og budsjett å reprodusere hva du gjorde,\" sa Ton."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "For Ton og Blender, går alt tilbake til hva du gjør."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-72\"></span>Cards Against Humanity"
-msgstr ""
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
+msgstr "## Cards Against Humanity"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
+"Cards Against Humanity er et privat, for-fortjeneste selskap som lager et "
+"populær fest-spill med samme navn. Grunnlagt i USA i 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
+#, fuzzy
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Inntektsmodell: Betaling for fysiske kopier"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Dato for intervju: 3 februar 2016"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Intervjuet: Max Temkin, medgrunnlegger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du spør medgrunnlegger Max Temkin, er det ikke noe spesielt interessant "
+"om forretningsmodellen til Cards Against Humanity. \"Vi lager et produkt. Vi "
+"selger det og tar betalt. Så bruker vi mindre penger enn vi får inn,\" sa "
+"Max."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
-"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
-"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
-"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
+"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
+"the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit their "
+"funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards are "
+"filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right kind "
+"of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
+"Han har rett. Cards Against Humanity er en enkel fest-spill, modellert etter "
+"spillet Apples to Apples. For å spille, stiller en spiller et spørsmål eller "
+"legger-inn-den-tomme påstanden fra et svart kort, og de andre spillerne "
+"sender sine morsomste hvite kort som svar. Fangsten er at alle kortene er "
+"fylt med grove, grusomme og ellers forferdelig ting. For den rette typen "
+"folk (\"fryktelig folk,\" ifølge Cards Against Humanitys reklame) blir "
+"dette et artig og morsomt spill."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"are official expansion packs available, and several official themed packs "
"and international editions as well."
msgstr ""
+"Inntektsmodellen er enkel. Fysiske kopier av spillet blir solgt med "
+"fortjeneste. Og det fungerer. Når dette blir skrevet er Cards Against "
+"Humanity det bestselgende produktet blant alle leker og spill hos Amazon. "
+"Offisielle utvidelsespakker er tilgjengelig, og også flere offisielle "
+"temapakker og internasjonale utgaver."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"one million people have downloaded the game since the company began tracking "
"the numbers."
msgstr ""
+"Men Cards Against Humanity er også tilgjengelige gratis. Alle kan laste ned "
+"en digital versjon av spillet fra nettsiden til Cards Against Humanity. Mer "
+"enn én million mennesker har lastet ned spillet etterat selskapet begynte å "
+"spore numrene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"same noncommercial terms. The ability to adapt the game is like an entire "
"new game unto itself."
msgstr ""
+"Spillet er tilgjengelig med en Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisens ("
+"CC BY-NC-SA). Det betyr, i tillegg til å kopiere spillet, alle kan lage nye "
+"versjoner av spillet så lenge de gjør det tilgjengelig på de samme "
+"kommersielle vilkårene. Muligheten til å tilpasse spillet, er som et helt "
+"nytt spill i seg selv."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
-"download, the"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3093
-msgid "openness to fans remixing the game—give"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3095
-msgid "the game a massive cult following."
+"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
+"cult following."
msgstr ""
+"Tilsammen gir disse faktorene - den krasse tonen i spillet og selskapet, "
+"gratis nedlasting, åpenhet for fans til å remikse spillet, - spillet en "
+"solid kultstatus."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially "
"released in May 2011."
msgstr ""
+"Suksess dere er ikke et resultat av en storstilt plan. Cards Against "
+"Humanity var det siste i en lang rekke spill og komedieprosjekter som Max "
+"Temkin og vennene hans satt sammen til sin egen fornøyelse. Som Max "
+"forteller historien, laget de spillet så de kunne spille det selv på "
+"nyttårsaften fordi de var for nerdete til å bli inviteres til andre "
+"selskaper. Spillet ble en hit, så de bestemte seg å legge det ut på nettet "
+"som en gratis PDF. Folk begynte å spørre om de kunne betale for å få spillet "
+"trykket for dem, og til slutt bestemte de seg å kjøre en Kickstarter å "
+"finansiere trykkingen. De satt Kickstarter-målet på \\$4,000 - and fikk inn "
+"\\$15,000. Spillet ble utgitt offisielt i mai 2011."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
-"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
-"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
-"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
+"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
+"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
+"it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
+"Spillet fenget raskt, og populariteten har bare vokst over tid. Max sier at "
+"de åtte grunnleggerne aldri hatt et møte hvor de bestemte seg å gjøre dette "
+"til en pågående virksomhet. \"På en måte hendte det bare,\" sa han."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb "
"questions.”"
msgstr ""
+"Men denne fortellingen om en «lykkelig tilfeldighet» står i motsetning til "
+"markedsføringbegavelsen. Akkurat som spillet, er Cards Against Humanitys "
+"kjennemerke å være respektløs og minneverdig. Det er vanskelig å glemme en "
+"virksomhet som kaller FAQ-en på sin hjemmeside: \"Dine dumme spørsmål.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything "
"Costs \\$5 More sale."
msgstr ""
+"Som de fleste kvalitetsatirer, er det imidlertid mer i spøken enn i "
+"vulgaritet og sjokk. Selskapets markedsføring rundt Black Friday illustrerer "
+"dette spesielt godt. For dem utenfor USA er Black Friday begrepet for dagen "
+"etter Thanksgiving-helligdagen, den største handledagen i året. Det er en "
+"utrolig viktig dag for Cards Against Humanity, som det er for alle deres "
+"forhandlere i USA. Max sa at de strevde med hva de skulle gjøre med Black "
+"Friday fordi de ikke ønsker å støtte det han kalte \"en orgie av forbruk\". "
+"Dagen er blitt, spesielt siden den følger etter en dag som handler om å være "
+"takknemlig for hva du har. I 2013 besluttet de, etter rådslaging, å ha et "
+"salg der Everything Costs \\$5 More."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
-"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
-"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
+"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
+"People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
+"\"Vi svettet natten før Black Friday, og lurte på om våre fans skulle hate "
+"oss,\" sa han. \"Men det fikk oss til å le så vi8 gikk ut ned det. Og folk "
+"oppfattet helt klart spøken.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
"capitalism is just be honest with people,” Max said. “It shocks people that "
"there is transparency about what you are doing.”"
msgstr ""
+"Denne typen modig åpenhet gleder media, men enda viktigere, det engasjerer "
+"fansen. \"En av de mest overraskende tingene du kan gjøre i kapitalismen er "
+"bare være ærlig med folk,\" sa Max. \"Det sjokkerer folk at det er åpenhet "
+"om hva du gjør.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
"the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single "
"day."
msgstr ""
+"Max sammenlignet det også med en stor scene for forbedringer. \"Hvis vi gjør "
+"noe litt revolusjonært og uventet, vil publikum være med på spøken. Ett år "
+"de laget spøken med Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5, hvor folk bokstavelig "
+"talt betalt dem fem dollar uten grunn. Fansen ville gjøre spøken morsommere "
+"ved å gjøre den vellykket. De fikk inn \\$70,000 på en enkelt dag."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
"of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many "
"benefits.”"
msgstr ""
+"Denne bemerkelsesverdige tilliten de har hos sine kunder som inspirerte "
+"beslutningen deres om å bruke en Creative Commons-lisens til spillet. Å "
+"tiltro kundene dine å gjenbruke og remikse arbeidet ditt krever en porsjon "
+"tro. Cards Against Humanity er åpenbart ikke redd for gjør det uventede, men "
+"det er linjer selv ikke de ønsker å krysse. Før de brukte lisensen, sier Max "
+"de var bekymret for at noen fans ville tilpasse spillet til å inkludere alle "
+"vitser de forsettlig aldri laget fordi de gikk over den linjen. \"Det "
+"skjedde, og verden ikke under,\" sa Max. \"Hvis det er den verste kostnaden "
+"ved å bruke CC, ville jeg betale for det hundre ganger, fordi det er så "
+"mange fordeler.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today "
"there are thousands of fan expansions of the game."
msgstr ""
+"Et vellykket produkt inspirerer sine største fans til å lage remikser av "
+"det, men ikke-sanksjonerte tilpasninger flyr sannsynligvis under radaren. "
+"Creative Commons-lisensen gir tilhengere av Cards Against Humanity frihet "
+"til å bruke spillet og kopiere, tilpasse, og åpent reklamere for det de har "
+"laget. I dag er det tusenvis av utvidelser fra tilhengere av spillet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"unbelievable situation where we are one of the best-marketed games in the "
"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”"
msgstr ""
+"Max sa, \"CC var lett for oss fordi det får de fleste involvert. Å gjøre "
+"spillet gratis og tilgjengelig med en CC-lisens ledet til den utrolige "
+"situasjonen der vi er en av de best markedsført spillene i verden, og vi har "
+"aldri brukt en krone på markedsføring.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where "
"they had to get a lawyer involved."
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig, er det grenser for hva firmaet tillater sine kunder å gjøre "
+"med spillet. De valgte Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-lisensen fordi "
+"den begrenser folk fra å bruke spillet til å tjene penger. Det krever også "
+"at tilpasninger av spillet gjøres tilgjengelig med de samme lisensvilkårene "
+"hvis de deles offentlig. Cards Against Humanity passer også på sin "
+"merkevare. \"Vi føler at vi er de eneste som kan bruke vår merkevare og vårt "
+"spill og tjene penger på det,\" sa Max. Rundt 99,9 prosent av tiden, sender "
+"de bare en epost til dem som bruker spillet kommersiell, og det er slutten "
+"på det. Det har bare vært en håndfull tilfeller der de måtte engasjere en "
+"advokat."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to "
"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”"
msgstr ""
+"Akkurat som det er mer enn det øyet ser i forretningsmodellen Cards Against "
+"Humanity, kan det samme sies om selve spillet. For å være spillbare, må alle "
+"hvite kortet kunne stilles sammen med nok svart kort. Åtte bidragsytere "
+"legger ned en utrolig mengde arbeid for å skape nye kort for spillet. \"Vi "
+"har dagelange diskusjoner om kommaer\" sa Max. «Slappfisk-tonen i kortene "
+"gir folk inntrykk av at det er enkelt å skrive dem, men det er faktisk mye "
+"arbeid og ordkløveri.»"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
"original work is created and published when people make their own "
"adaptations of the game."
msgstr ""
+"Det betyr at å lage dem sammen med fansen deres virkelig ikke virker. "
+"Selskapet har en innleveringsmulighet på hjemmesiden sin, og de får inn "
+"tusenvis av forslag, men det er sjelden at et innsendt kortet blir lagt inn. "
+"I stedet forblir de åtte første forfatterne de viktigste bidragsytere til "
+"nye grupper med tilleggskort, og andre nye produkter utgitt av selskapet. "
+"Det er interessant at kreativiteten i kundebasen deres egentlig bare en "
+"ressurs for selskapet, først når det opprinnelige arbeidet er ferdig og "
+"publisert, at folk lager sine egne tilpasninger til spillet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3200
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games,” he "
"said."
msgstr ""
+"Med all sin suksess, er de som laget Cards Against Humanity bare delvis "
+"motivert av penger. Max sier de har alltid vært interessert i Walt Disney "
+"filosofi økonomisk suksess. \"Vi lager ikke vitser og spill for å tjene "
+"penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere vitser og spill,\" sa "
+"han."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3207
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
"the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game "
"into it.”"
msgstr ""
+"Faktisk har selskapet gitt mer enn \\$4 millioner til forskjellige "
+"veldedighetsorganisasjoner og formål. \"Kort er ikke vår plan for livet\", "
+"sa Max. \"Vi har andre interesser og hobbyer. Vi er opptatt av andre ting "
+"som skjer i våre liv. Mye av vår aktivisme vi har utført springer ut fra at "
+"vi tar ut ting fra resten av våre liv og kanaliserer noe av spenningen i "
+"spillet inn i det.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"giving up exclusive control of your work necessarily means giving up some "
"opportunities to extract more money from customers."
msgstr ""
+"Å se penger som drivstoff i stedet for det endelige målet er det som har "
+"gjort dem i stand til uten reservasjon å favne om Creative Commons "
+"lisensiering. CC- lisensiering endte opp som et forstandig "
+"markedsføringsgrep for selskapet, men likevel, å gi opp den eksklusive "
+"kontrollen over sitt arbeide betyr nødvendigvis å gi opp noe av mulighetene "
+"til å trekke mer penger fra kunder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-73\"></span>The Conversation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
+msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
-"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
-"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
+"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
+"Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"Australia. He experienced firsthand the decline of newspapers, including the "
-"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce "
-"costs. After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism "
-"didn’t go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative "
-"model."
+"collapse of revenues, layoffs, and the constant pressure to reduce costs. "
+"After he left the Age in 2005, his concern for the future journalism didn’t "
+"go away. Andrew made a commitment to come up with an alternative model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3267
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"astrophysicist, a Nobel laureate, earth scientists, economists . . . These "
"were the kind of smart people he wished were more involved in informing the "
-"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in "
-"media. However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, "
-"journalists didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what "
-"aspect of a story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was "
-"wrong or mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass "
-"audience. Scholars want to communicate serious news, findings, and "
-"insights. It’s not a perfect match. Universities are massive repositories of "
-"knowledge, research, wisdom, and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a "
-"wall of their own making—there are the walled garden and ivory tower "
-"metaphors, and in more literal terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, "
-"universities are part of society but disconnected from it. They are an "
-"enormous public resource but not that good at presenting their expertise to "
-"the wider public."
+"world about what is going on and correcting the errors that appear in media. "
+"However, they were reluctant to engage with mass media. Often, journalists "
+"didn’t understand what they said, or unilaterally chose what aspect of a "
+"story to tell, putting out a version that these people felt was wrong or "
+"mischaracterized. Newspapers want to attract a mass audience. Scholars want "
+"to communicate serious news, findings, and insights. It’s not a perfect "
+"match. Universities are massive repositories of knowledge, research, wisdom, "
+"and expertise. But a lot of that stays behind a wall of their own making—"
+"there are the walled garden and ivory tower metaphors, and in more literal "
+"terms, the paywall. Broadly speaking, universities are part of society but "
+"disconnected from it. They are an enormous public resource but not that good "
+"at presenting their expertise to the wider public."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
-"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
-"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
-"and writing whatever they want."
+"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is published. "
+"Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes and writing "
+"whatever they want."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
-"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
-"journalism. The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better "
-"understanding of current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better "
-"quality of public discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of "
-"trusted information dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is "
-"simple: to provide readers with a reliable source of evidence-based "
-"information."
+"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
+"The Conversation’s aim is for people to have a better understanding of "
+"current affairs and complex issues—and hopefully a better quality of public "
+"discourse. The Conversation sees itself as a source of trusted information "
+"dedicated to the public good. Their core mission is simple: to provide "
+"readers with a reliable source of evidence-based information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
-"Attribution-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3323
-msgid ""
-"NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for others to "
-"republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the content is not "
-"edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites have "
-"republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 million "
-"unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-five "
-"million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative Commons "
-"license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to everything the "
-"Conversation does."
+"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
+"others to republish elsewhere as long as attribution is given and the "
+"content is not edited. Over five years, more than twenty-two thousand sites "
+"have republished their content. The Conversation website gets about 2.9 "
+"million unique views per month, but through republication they have thirty-"
+"five million readers. This couldn’t have been done without the Creative "
+"Commons license, and in Andrew’s view, Creative Commons is central to "
+"everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3330
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5785 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-74\"></span>Cory Doctorow"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
+msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3398
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
-"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he "
-"said. “I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing "
-"this thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
+"certain qualities, remove the qualities, and go on selling it,” he said. "
+"“I’m not out there trying to figure out how to be a brand. I’m doing this "
+"thing that animates me to work crazy insane hours because it’s the most "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"coeditor of the popular CC-licensed site Boing Boing, where he writes about "
"technology, politics, and intellectual property. He has also written several "
"nonfiction books, including the most recent Information Doesn’t Want to Be "
-"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet "
-"age."
+"Free, about the ways in which creators can make a living in the Internet age."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3468
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
-"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
-"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
-"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
-"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
-"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
-"benefit.”"
+"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
+"for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a particular "
+"platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of control over "
+"their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He calls it "
+"Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that belongs to "
+"you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your benefit.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-75\"></span>Figshare"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
+msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
-"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
-"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
+"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and code"
+"—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
-"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
-"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
-"Commons. Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s "
-"dialogue with peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets "
-"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
+"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
+"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
+"Based on what was happening in those communities and Mark’s dialogue with "
+"peers, he went with CC0 (in the public domain) for data sets and CC BY "
+"(Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
-"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
-"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
-"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
+"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
+"People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the same. So he "
+"opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3680
-msgid ""
-"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
-"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
-"online articles. This additional data improved the quality of the "
-"articles. Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having "
-"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
-"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
-"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
-"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
-"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
-"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
+"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
+"articles. This additional data improved the quality of the articles. "
+"Outsourcing this service to Figshare freed publishers from having to develop "
+"this functionality as part of their own infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data "
+"also provides a link back to the article, generating additional click-"
+"through and readership—a benefit to both journal publishers and researchers. "
+"Figshare now provides research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of "
+"publishers including Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, "
+"to name a few, and has convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for "
+"the data."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3719
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
-"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
-"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
-"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
+"As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the journal "
+"subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United Kingdom paid "
+"to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into "
+"an app developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data "
+"into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing "
+"any of the variables.2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"Figshare. To amplify and reward the community, Figshare established an "
-"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and "
-"T-shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
+"Advisor program, providing those who promoted Figshare with hoodies and T-"
+"shirts, early access to new features, and travel expenses when they gave "
"presentations outside of their area. These Advisors also helped Mark on what "
"license to use for software code and whether to offer universities an option "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were early-"
+"career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders mandated "
+"open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"researchers for free. Figshare has publicly stuck to its principles—keeping "
-"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the "
-"start—and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark "
-"sees new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If "
-"Figshare was only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a "
-"free version. Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key "
-"differentiator. Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting "
-"open access to research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new "
-"discoveries."
+"the free service free and requiring the use of CC BY and CC0 from the start—"
+"and from Mark’s perspective, this is why people trust Figshare. Mark sees "
+"new competitors coming forward who are just in it for money. If Figshare was "
+"only in it for the money, they wouldn’t care about offering a free version. "
+"Figshare’s principles and advocacy for openness are a key differentiator. "
+"Going forward, Mark sees Figshare not only as supporting open access to "
+"research but also enabling people to collaborate and make new discoveries."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+msgid ""
+"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
+"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
+msgid ""
+"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
+"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-76\"></span>Figure.NZ"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
+msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
-"Zealand."
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3793
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3814
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
-"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
-"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
-"their businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
+"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that matter—"
+"not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, their "
+"businesses, and their country. But there’s a big difference between "
"availability and accessibility of information. Data is spread across "
"thousands of sites and is held within databases and spreadsheets that "
"require both time and skill to engage with. To use data when making a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3875
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3931
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
+"Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"through email for them to share data for a specific topic—for example, can "
"you share data for water quality? If they have the data, they respond "
"quickly; if they don’t, they try and identify the organizations that would "
-"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on "
-"Figure.NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for "
-"people to be curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are "
-"interested in."
+"have that data and forge a relationship so they can be included on Figure."
+"NZ’s site. Overall, Figure.NZ is seeking to provide a place for people to be "
+"curious about, access, and interpret data on topics they are interested in."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3979
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3993
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
-"the “network effect”—"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4015
-msgid ""
-"users dramatically increasing value for themselves and for others through "
-"use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making the network effect "
-"possible."
+"the “network effect”— users dramatically increasing value for themselves and "
+"for others through use of their service. Creative Commons is core to making "
+"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+msgid ""
+"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
+msgid ""
+"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
+"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-77\"></span>Knowledge Unlatched"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
+msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4030
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"the UK-based Knowledge Unlatched with a mission to enable open access to "
-"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4053
-msgid ""
-"book-publishing system is not working for anyone, and especially not for "
-"monographs in the humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is "
-"committed to changing this and has been working with libraries to create a "
-"sustainable alternative model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the "
-"cost of making monographs (released under a Creative Commons license) and "
-"savings costs over the long term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has "
-"received several awards, including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 "
-"and a Curtin University Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in "
-"Education in 2015."
+"scholarly books. For Frances, the current scholarly- book-publishing system "
+"is not working for anyone, and especially not for monographs in the "
+"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
+"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
+"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
+"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
+"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"the launch, Frances convinced Bloomsbury to differentiate themselves by "
-"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license "
-"(BY-NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or "
-"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest "
-"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
-"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
-"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
-"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
-"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
+"putting out monographs for free online under a Creative Commons license (BY-"
+"NC or BY-NC-ND, i.e., Attribution-NonCommercial or Attribution-NonCommercial-"
+"NoDerivs). This was seen as risky, as the biggest cost for publishers is "
+"getting a book to the stage where it can be printed. If everyone read the "
+"online book for free, there would be no print-book sales at all, and the "
+"costs associated with getting the book to print would be lost. Surprisingly, "
+"Bloomsbury found that sales of the print versions of these books were 10 to "
+"20 percent higher than normal. Frances found it intriguing that the "
+"Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts as a marketing vehicle for "
+"the print format."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"ready be printed, in other words, cover the fixed costs of getting to the "
"first digital copy? Then you could either bring down the cost of the printed "
-"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and "
-"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
+"book, or do a whole bunch of interesting things with the printed book and e-"
+"book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
-"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
-"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
-"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
+"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a “book-"
+"processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an open-access "
+"version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4107
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
+"Hun beskriver forretningsmodellen i en artikkel med tittel Knowledge "
+"Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
+"Frittstående bibliotek velger titler enten som individuelle titler eller som "
+"samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotekleverandører i dag)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4145
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4189
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
-"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
-"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
-"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
-"first round, it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second "
-"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
+"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
+"Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in the past "
+"sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three hundred. That "
+"makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the first round, "
+"it took five months to get thirteen publishers. For the second round, it "
+"took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
-"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
-"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
-"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
-"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
-"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
-"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
+"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
+"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
+"Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service charge that "
+"will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans to scale up "
+"in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs when they are "
+"unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, Knowledge Unlatched "
+"is making investments in technology and processes. Future plans include "
+"unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-78\"></span>Lumen Learning"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
+msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4268
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4272
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4274
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4296
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
-"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
-"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
-"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
-"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
+"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
+"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
+"student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making education more "
+"affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational resources. In 2012, "
+"David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called the Kaleidoscope "
+"Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open general-education "
+"courses across eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with "
+"goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the "
+"courses to help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the "
+"cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero "
+"dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when "
+"compared with previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of "
+"more than twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this "
+"project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this "
+"initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan "
+"to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they "
+"decided to create Lumen Learning."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
-"for-"
+"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
+"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
+"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
+"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
-msgid ""
-"profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the education "
-"sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking grants from "
-"philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in certain "
-"ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way that "
-"change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t a lot "
-"of flexibility to do so."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"patterns emerged which allowed them to generalize a set of approaches and "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
-"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
-"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
-"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
-"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
-"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
-"universities—"
+"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf options. "
+"Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good at seeing "
+"the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving disadvantaged "
+"learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they describe what "
+"they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in a way that is "
+"very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and universities—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4359
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"and assessments, and helps instructors find and support the students who "
-"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled "
-"student."
+"need it most. Waymaker courses cost twenty-five dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"those who paid. Right from the start, their stance was that they would not "
"put their content behind a paywall. Lumen invests zero dollars in "
"technologies and processes for restricting access—no digital rights "
-"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a "
-"business-model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has "
-"generated immense goodwill in the community."
+"management, no time bombs. While this has been a challenge from a business-"
+"model perspective, from an open-access perspective, it has generated immense "
+"goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
-"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the "
-"text of the course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students "
-"find it a distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the "
-"license and attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up "
-"at the end of each page."
+"another. Some are licensed as Attribution (CC BY), others as Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike (CC BY-SA). If this information is put within the text of the "
+"course, faculty members sometimes try to edit it and students find it a "
+"distraction. Lumen dealt with this challenge by capturing the license and "
+"attribution information as metadata, and getting it to show up at the end of "
+"each page."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"grant funders. People in their network generously increase the visibility of "
"Lumen through presentations, word of mouth, and referrals. Sometimes the "
-"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
-msgid "capacity."
+"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
-"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
-"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
-"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
-"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
-"of students."
+"the Virginia community college system, which is building out Z-Degrees. "
+"David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar system-"
+"level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its efforts. Where "
+"there are projects that would require a lot of resources on Lumen’s part, "
+"they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number of students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4443
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"Why should you invest in creating something that people will be reluctant to "
"pay for? How do you ensure that the investment the diverse education "
"community makes in OER is not exploited? Lumen thinks we all need to be "
-"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
-msgid "community."
+"clear about how we are benefiting from and contributing to the open "
+"community."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4481
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4491
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
-"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
-"seventy-five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up "
-"funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, "
-"and the Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted "
-"investment funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 "
-"percent grant funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with "
-"angel capital. Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding "
-"with revenue."
+"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
+"five thousand student enrollments. Lumen received early start-up funding "
+"from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the "
+"Shuttleworth Foundation. Since then, Lumen has also attracted investment "
+"funding. Over the last three years, Lumen has been roughly 60 percent grant "
+"funded, 20 percent revenue earned, and 20 percent funded with angel capital. "
+"Going forward, their strategy is to replace grant funding with revenue."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4505
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-79\"></span>Jonathan Mann"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
+msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4510
-msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
-msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
-"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
-"day. His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
+"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that day. "
+"His songs are catchy and mostly lighthearted, but they often contain at "
"least an undercurrent of a deeper theme or meaning. Occasionally, they are "
"extremely personal, like the song he cowrote with his exgirlfriend "
"announcing their breakup. Rain or shine, in sickness or health, Jonathan "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"wheels, letting people know that Jonathan allows and encourages them to "
"copy, interact with, and remix his music. “If you let someone cover your "
"song or remix it or use parts of it, that’s how music is supposed to work,” "
-"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of "
-"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
+"Jonathan said. “That is how music has worked since the beginning of time. "
+"Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
-"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he "
-"said. “There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they "
-"need and then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other "
-"artists makes sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom "
-"songs for clients."
+"long time, some even longer than I’ve been doing song-a-day,” he said. "
+"“There is also a transitional aspect that drop in and get what they need and "
+"then move on.” Focusing less on community building than other artists makes "
+"sense given Jonathan’s primary income source of writing custom songs for "
+"clients."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
msgid ""
-"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
-"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
-"for distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
+"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
+"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
+"distilling complicated subjects into simple concepts and putting them to "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4630
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
"work is a song rather than news. “There is something about being challenged "
"and forced to take information that doesn’t seem like it should be sung "
-"about"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4634
-msgid ""
-"or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
+"about or doesn’t seem like it lends itself to a song,” he said. “I find that "
"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
-"he has found a way to keep it interesting for"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
-msgid "himself."
+"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
msgid ""
-"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
-"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
-"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
-"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
+"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
+"like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely emphasizes "
+"the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can replace the "
+"value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is a living "
+"embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4677
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-80\"></span>Noun Project"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
+msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4681
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4687
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4729
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4737
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
-"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
-"quality-review process means that only the best works become part of its "
-"collection. They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback "
-"whenever they reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the "
-"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
+"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
+"review process means that only the best works become part of its collection. "
+"They make sure to provide encouraging, constructive feedback whenever they "
+"reject a piece of work, which maintains and builds the relationship they "
+"have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4763
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4769
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
-"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
-"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
-"for the platform."
+"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly fee. "
+"This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says this "
+"model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good for "
+"the platform."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
-"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
-"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
-"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
-"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
-"you to purchase the API Pro version."
+"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of flexibility. "
+"Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons without "
+"giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for its use. "
+"You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how it "
+"integrates with your application, but full implementation will require you "
+"to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
-"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
+"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4811
-msgid "priority."
+"building trust is the top priority."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
-"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and "
-"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
+"genuine and has generated a lot of their initial traction and credibility. "
+"CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4865
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+msgid ""
+"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
+"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4889
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-81\"></span>Open Data Institute"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
+msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4893
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4895
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4912
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
msgid ""
-"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
-"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
+"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
+"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
msgid ""
-"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
-"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
-"time data from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local "
-"housing informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and "
-"timely, but open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data "
-"can be a resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can "
-"help governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target "
-"investments. It can help citizens improve their lives by better "
-"understanding what is happening around them."
+"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
+"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
+"from airplane companies helps us plan our travel, data on local housing "
+"informs city planning. When this data is not only accurate and timely, but "
+"open and accessible, it opens up new possibilities. Open data can be a "
+"resource businesses use to build new products and services. It can help "
+"governments measure progress, improve efficiency, and target investments. It "
+"can help citizens improve their lives by better understanding what is "
+"happening around them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4943
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4962
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4965
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
-"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
-"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
-"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
+"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an ODI-"
+"supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into two "
+"tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, and "
+"corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"members have greater opportunities to connect and collaborate, explore the "
"benefits of open data, and unlock new business opportunities. (All members "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"has subsequently been reduced to three days; now the most popular course is "
"one day long. The fee, in addition to the time commitment, can be a barrier "
"for participation. Jeni says, “Most of the people who would be able to pay "
-"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” "
-"Public-sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so "
-"they can attend as a form of professional development."
+"don’t know they need it. Most who know they need it can’t pay.” Public-"
+"sector organizations sometimes give vouchers to their employees so they can "
+"attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4996
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
msgid ""
-"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
-"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
-"with an organization. The training program is based on a definition of "
-"open-data knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills "
-"needed by their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The "
-"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
+"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
+"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
+"organization. The training program is based on a definition of open-data "
+"knowledge as applicable to the organization and on the skills needed by "
+"their high-level executives, management, and technical staff. The training "
+"tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5010
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5013
-msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
+msgid ""
+"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
msgid ""
-"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
-"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
-"from over fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s "
-"open-data practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic "
-"value. They were contracted as a service provider to international "
-"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
+"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
+"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
+"fifty countries wanted to learn more about the UK government’s open-data "
+"practices and how ODI saw that translating into economic value. They were "
+"contracted as a service provider to international governments, which "
+"prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
-"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
-"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
-"nodes are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the "
-"brand."
+"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the world. "
+"There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI nodes "
+"are charged a small fee to be part of the network and to use the brand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"publications and reports under CC BY or CC BY-SA licenses. ODI’s mission is "
-"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with "
-"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
-"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
-"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
-"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
+"to connect and equip people around the world so they can innovate with data. "
+"Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open license is "
+"essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that it is "
+"perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not rely "
+"on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have ODI "
+"experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
-"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they "
-"offer. According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
+"credibility and creates leads for the paid services that they offer. "
+"According to Jeni, “The biggest lesson we have learned is that it is "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
+msgid ""
+"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+msgid ""
+"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
+"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
+msgid ""
+"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5117
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-82\"></span>OpenDesk"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
+msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5125 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5127
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5129
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5151
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Digital, who had an interest in open licensing. Nick and Joni were exploring "
"digital fabrication, and Mint’s interest in open licensing got them to "
-"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical "
-"goods. They sought to design something for their client that was also "
-"reproducible. As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the "
-"goods.” They created the design using software, put it under an open "
-"license, and had it manufactured locally near the client. This was the start "
-"of the idea for Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project "
-"dedicated to accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the "
-"same table. The two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with "
-"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
+"thinking how the open-source world may interact and apply to physical goods. "
+"They sought to design something for their client that was also reproducible. "
+"As they put it, they decided to “ship the recipe, but not the goods.” They "
+"created the design using software, put it under an open license, and had it "
+"manufactured locally near the client. This was the start of the idea for "
+"Opendesk. The idea for Wikihouse—another open project dedicated to "
+"accessible housing for all—started as discussions around the same table. The "
+"two projects ultimately went on separate paths, with Wikihouse becoming a "
+"nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
-"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing "
-"options. It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of "
-"a design is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital "
-"sharing and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still "
-"hold ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the "
-"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
+"model, they began investigating intellectual property and licensing options. "
+"It was a thorny space, especially for designs. Just what aspect of a design "
+"is copyrightable? What is patentable? How can allowing for digital sharing "
+"and distribution be balanced against the designer’s desire to still hold "
+"ownership? In the end, they decided there was no need to reinvent the wheel "
+"and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5177
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5202
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
-"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
-"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
-"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
-"design file."
+"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a computer-"
+"controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that cuts shapes "
+"out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the design file."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
-"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
-"third-party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own "
-"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
+"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
+"party sellers who can sell Opendesk products through their own channels—this "
+"covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5241
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"Opendesk platform fee and channel fees. If a customer opts to buy by getting "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
-"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
-"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
+"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of sale. "
+"Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost and "
+"are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5298
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5307
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
-"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in "
-"people."
+"it, they put ideas out there that get traction and then have faith in people."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5354
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-83\"></span>OpenStax"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5358
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
-"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
-"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
+"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
+"Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
-"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, "
-"Texas. Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, "
-"Dr. Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and "
-"freely adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and "
-"reports. Today, Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s "
-"best libraries of customizable educational materials, all licensed with "
-"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
+"Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas. "
+"Frustrated by the limitations of traditional textbooks and courses, Dr. "
+"Baraniuk wanted to provide authors and learners a way to share and freely "
+"adapt educational materials such as courses, books, and reports. Today, "
+"Connexions (now called OpenStax CNX) is one of the world’s best libraries of "
+"customizable educational materials, all licensed with Creative Commons and "
+"available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
-"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
-"philanthropy. They have initially been funded by the William and Flora "
-"Hewlett Foundation, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and "
-"Melinda Gates Foundation, the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield "
-"Foundation, the Calvin K. Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To "
-"develop additional titles and supporting technology is probably still going "
-"to require philanthropic investment."
+"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
+"They have initially been funded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, "
+"the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, "
+"the 20 Million Minds Foundation, the Maxfield Foundation, the Calvin K. "
+"Kazanjian Foundation, and Rice University. To develop additional titles and "
+"supporting technology is probably still going to require philanthropic "
+"investment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
-"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
-"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
-"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
-"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
+"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to institutions. "
+"Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the revenue they "
+"earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has already "
+"published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to Sociology 2e, "
+"using these funds."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5474
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
msgid ""
-"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
-"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
-"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
-"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
-"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
-"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
-"doesn’t have a sales force; partners are out there showcasing their "
-"materials."
+"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
+"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
+"freeing them up from those development costs and letting them focus on what "
+"they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no cost, they can provide "
+"their services at a lower cost—not free, but still saving students money. "
+"OpenStax benefits not only by receiving mission-support fees but through "
+"free publicity and marketing. OpenStax doesn’t have a sales force; partners "
+"are out there showcasing their materials."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. "
+"This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is "
+"virtually a hundred percent."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"by institutions or government ministries. In David’s view, this results in "
-"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted "
-"nationally. It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that "
-"is reasonable."
+"content that has high local value but is infrequently adopted nationally. "
+"It’s therefore difficult to show payback over a time scale that is "
+"reasonable."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5533
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
-"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
-"up-front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author "
-"might make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is "
-"only maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of "
-"all authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them "
-"and they earn all the money up front."
+"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
+"front fee—OpenStax does not use a royalty model. A best-selling author might "
+"make more money under the traditional publishing model, but that is only "
+"maybe 5 percent of all authors. From David’s perspective, 95 percent of all "
+"authors do better under the OER 2.0 model, as there is no risk to them and "
+"they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"innovative ways without having to ask for permission. It frees up the whole "
-"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on "
-"partners. OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By "
-"enabling frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic "
-"freedom."
+"market and has been central to OpenStax being able to bring on partners. "
+"OpenStax sees a lot of customization of their materials. By enabling "
+"frictionless remixing, CC BY gives teachers control and academic freedom."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
+msgid ""
+"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5599
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-84\"></span>Amanda Palmer"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
+msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"before she discovered Creative Commons. Amanda says the Dresden Dolls used "
"to get ten emails per week from fans asking if they could use their music "
"for different projects. They said yes to all of the requests, as long as it "
-"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a "
-"short-form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
+"wasn’t for a completely for-profit venture. At the time, they used a short-"
+"form agreement written by Amanda herself. “I made everyone sign that "
"contract so at least I wouldn’t be leaving the band vulnerable to someone "
-"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
-"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
-"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
-"natural fit."
+"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda said. "
+"Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an easy "
+"decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing what "
+"they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a natural "
+"fit."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5699
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"featured fifty concerts at house parties for backers. She spends hours in "
"the signing line after shows. It helps that Amanda has the kind of dynamic, "
"engaging personality that instantly draws people to her, but a big component "
-"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to "
-"listen. “Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” "
-"Amanda wrote."
+"of her ability to connect with people is her willingness to listen. "
+"“Listening fast and caring immediately is a skill unto itself,” Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5725
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"who loves cavorting with strangers,” Amanda said. “I recognize that it’s not "
-"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it "
-"differently. Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t "
-"joyful to them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is "
-"joyful to you.”"
+"necessarily everyone’s idea of a good time. Everyone does it differently. "
+"Replicating what I have done won’t work for others if it isn’t joyful to "
+"them. It’s about finding a way to channel energy in a way that is joyful to "
+"you.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
-"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
-"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
-"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
-"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
+"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a relationship. "
+"Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that different from "
+"what she did as a young street performer. She shares her music and other "
+"artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than forcing people to "
+"help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5787
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5789
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-85\"></span>PLOS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
+msgid ""
+"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
+"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
+"\\#44e20ce46d67"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-86\"></span>(Public Library of Science)"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
+msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
-"U.S."
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
+"S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5804
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"petition, most did not follow through. In August 2001, Patrick and Michael "
"announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation to "
"do just what the petition promised. With start-up grant support from the "
-"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new "
-"open-access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released "
-"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
+"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, PLOS was launched to provide new open-"
+"access journals for biomedicine, with research articles being released under "
+"Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5848
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5859
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to \\$2,900. Article-"
+"publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, are just under "
+"\\$1,500."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
-"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
-"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
-"marketing to libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS "
-"provides a better service for authors by promoting their research directly "
-"to the research community and giving the authors exposure. And this "
-"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
+"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon publication. "
+"Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on marketing to "
+"libraries, who ultimately pay the subscription fees. PLOS provides a better "
+"service for authors by promoting their research directly to the research "
+"community and giving the authors exposure. And this encourages other authors "
+"to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
msgid ""
-"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
-"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
-"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
+"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
+"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
+"provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5898
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5906
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5919
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5926
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5951
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5956
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6034
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-87\"></span>Rijksmuseum"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
+msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
-msgid "Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6044
-msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
+msgid ""
+"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
+"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6046
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6077
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6130
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
-"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
-"free. Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define "
-"discrete digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each "
-"project. This turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high "
-"interest from sponsors and lower administrative effort for the "
-"Rijksmuseum. They started out making 150,000 high-quality images of their "
-"collection available, with the goal to eventually have the entire collection "
-"online."
+"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
+"Digitization still cost money, however; they decided to define discrete "
+"digitization projects and find sponsors willing to fund each project. This "
+"turned out to be a successful strategy, generating high interest from "
+"sponsors and lower administrative effort for the Rijksmuseum. They started "
+"out making 150,000 high-quality images of their collection available, with "
+"the goal to eventually have the entire collection online."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
msgid ""
-"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
-"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
-"Vermeer’s Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a "
-"month. On the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more "
-"trusted, and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can "
-"easily be found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now "
-"used in thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million "
-"views per month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of "
-"its website. Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona "
-"Lisa effect,” where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see "
-"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
+"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
+"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
+"Milkmaid, for example, is downloaded two to three thousand times a month. On "
+"the Internet, images from a source like the Rijksmuseum are more trusted, "
+"and releasing them with a Creative Commons CC0 means they can easily be "
+"found in other platforms. For example, Rijksmuseum images are now used in "
+"thousands of Wikipedia articles, receiving ten to eleven million views per "
+"month. This extends Rijksmuseum’s reach far beyond the scope of its website. "
+"Sharing these images online creates what Lizzy calls the “Mona Lisa effect,” "
+"where a work of art becomes so famous that people want to see it in real "
+"life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6150
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6178
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6190
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
-"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
-"Rijksstudio. The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound "
-"by copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
-"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6194
-msgid ""
+"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
+"The answer was that contemporary artists’ works are still bound by "
+"copyright. The Rijksmuseum does encourage contemporary artists to use a "
+"Creative Commons license for their works, usually a CC BY-SA license "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or a CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) if they "
"want to preclude commercial use. That way, their works can be made available "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
-"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
-"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
-"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
-"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
-"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his paintings. "
+"The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the images in "
+"Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy to inspire "
+"people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on Etsy is a "
+"kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an elaborate cabinet "
+"along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The Threatened Swan.3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
-"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but pound-"
+"foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose sight of "
+"its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
+"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
+"award-2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
+msgid ""
+"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
+"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6268
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-88\"></span>Shareable"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
+msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6271
-msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
+msgid ""
+"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"because it happens to align with a project or interest they have. But "
"choosing principles over the possibility of riding the coattails of the "
-"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s "
-"credibility. Although they became detached from the corporate sharing "
-"economy, the online magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” "
-"and continued to grow their audience."
+"major corporate players in the sharing space saved Shareable’s credibility. "
+"Although they became detached from the corporate sharing economy, the online "
+"magazine became the voice of the “real sharing economy” and continued to "
+"grow their audience."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"good life,” Neal said. While they started out with a very broad focus on "
"sharing generally, today they emphasize stories about the physical commons "
"like “sharing cities” (i.e., urban areas managed in a sustainable, "
-"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run "
-"democratically. They particularly focus on how-to content that help their "
-"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
+"cooperative way), as well as digital platforms that are run democratically. "
+"They particularly focus on how-to content that help their readers make "
+"changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6360
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"embrace of the licenses for their content, but Neal also believes CC "
"licensing helps them increase their reach. “By using CC licensing,” he said, "
"“we realized we could reach far more people through a formal and informal "
-"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the "
-"case. It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but "
-"most of the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than "
-"we do.”"
+"network of republishers or affiliates. That has definitely been the case. "
+"It’s hard for us to measure the reach of other media properties, but most of "
+"the outlets who republish our work have much bigger audiences than we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
-"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
-"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
+"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for help. "
+"The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6420
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"Neal said. Enabling others to create their own events around the globe "
"allowed them to scale up their work more effectively and reach far more "
"people. Shareable has catalyzed three hundred different events reaching over "
-"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years "
-"ago. Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
+"twenty thousand people since implementing this strategy three years ago. "
+"Going forward, Shareable is focusing the network on creating and "
"distributing content meant to spur local action. For instance, Shareable "
"will publish a new CC-licensed book in 2017 filled with ideas for their "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
-"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
-"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
+"fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people take the "
+"ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-89\"></span>Siyavula"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
+msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6431
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6473
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
-"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6475
-msgid "accomplishment."
+"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6480
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6508
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
-"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
-"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
-"entirely on resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they "
-"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
+"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a team-"
+"based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based entirely on "
+"resources with Creative Commons licenses, thereby ensuring they were safe to "
+"share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
msgid ""
-"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
-"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
+"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
+"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6649
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"the government. Siyavula initially tried to convince the government to "
"provide them with five rand per book (about US35¢). With those funds, Mark "
-"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a "
-"community-based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent "
-"Practice for free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy "
-"negotiation, the government said no."
+"says that Siyavula could have run its entire operation, built a community-"
+"based model for producing more books, and provide Intelligent Practice for "
+"free to every child in the country. But after a lengthy negotiation, the "
+"government said no."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
-"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
-"government-announced policy that there would be only one textbook per "
-"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
+"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
+"announced policy that there would be only one textbook per subject turned "
+"out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"do for them. They believe each individual should have access to the "
-"resources and support they need to achieve the education they "
-"deserve. Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons "
-"means they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
+"resources and support they need to achieve the education they deserve. "
+"Having educational resources openly licensed with Creative Commons means "
+"they can fulfill their social mission, on top of which they can build "
"revenue-generating services to sustain the ongoing operation of Siyavula. In "
"terms of open business models, Mark and Siyavula may have been around the "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6707
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-90\"></span>Sparkfun"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
+msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6710
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
msgid ""
-"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
-"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
+"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
+"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6716
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6718
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
msgid ""
-"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
-"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
-"never going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
+"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
+"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
+"going to get access to otherwise. It was evidence of our impact on the "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
-"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
-"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
+"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
+"It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6759
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
-"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
-"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
-"should be competing on.”"
+"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and support. "
+"“I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP \\[intellectual "
+"property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they should be "
+"competing on.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6783
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6790
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
-"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
-"parts. Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to "
-"re-create and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on "
-"introducing young people to technology is a natural extension of their core "
-"business."
+"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
+"Because SparkFun has always been dedicated to enabling others to re-create "
+"and fix their products on their own, the more recent focus on introducing "
+"young people to technology is a natural extension of their core business."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6801
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"perspective, Nathan says it’s a terrible idea. But they don’t hold the event "
"for business reasons. “The reason we do it is because I get to travel and "
"have interactions with our customers all the time, but most of our employees "
-"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get "
-"face-to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with "
-"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
+"don’t,” he said. “This event gives our employees the opportunity to get face-"
+"to-face contact with our customers.” The event infuses their work with a "
+"human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
-"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
-"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
-"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the company. "
+"SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and tries to "
+"build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been listening to "
+"the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain point, and we "
+"would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
-"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you "
-"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
+"relatively untouched by the public. “There is a theory that if you open-"
+"source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6882
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6884
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-91\"></span>TeachAIDS"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
+msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
-"U.S."
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6892
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6896
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6903
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
-"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford "
-"University. She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next "
-"hot zone of people living with HIV. Despite international and national "
-"entities pouring in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention "
-"efforts, the reports showed knowledge levels were still low. People were "
-"unaware of whether the virus could be transmitted through coughing and "
-"sneezing, for instance. Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at "
-"Stanford, Piya conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous "
-"research. They found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was "
-"that HIV, and issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to "
-"discuss comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the "
-"education on this topic was being taught through television advertising, "
-"billboards, and other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only "
-"receiving bits and pieces of information."
+"research she was doing while pursuing her doctorate at Stanford University. "
+"She was reading reports about India, noting it would be the next hot zone of "
+"people living with HIV. Despite international and national entities pouring "
+"in hundreds of millions of dollars on HIV-prevention efforts, the reports "
+"showed knowledge levels were still low. People were unaware of whether the "
+"virus could be transmitted through coughing and sneezing, for instance. "
+"Supported by an interdisciplinary team of experts at Stanford, Piya "
+"conducted similar studies, which corroborated the previous research. They "
+"found that the primary cause of the limited understanding was that HIV, and "
+"issues relating to it, were often considered too taboo to discuss "
+"comprehensively. The other major problem was that most of the education on "
+"this topic was being taught through television advertising, billboards, and "
+"other mass-media campaigns, which meant people were only receiving bits and "
+"pieces of information."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6942
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"content. The organization invests heavily in research and testing to "
-"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating "
-"high-quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research "
-"drives everything we do.”"
+"determine the best method of conveying the information. “Creating high-"
+"quality content is what matters most to us,” Piya said. “Research drives "
+"everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"using paid translators. For quality control, TeachAIDS has three separate "
"volunteer teams translate the materials from English to the local language "
"and customize the content based on local customs and norms. Those three "
-"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master "
-"translation. TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate "
-"that version back into English to see how well it lines up with the original "
-"materials. They repeat this process until they reach a translated version "
-"that meets their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this "
-"cycle eleven times."
+"versions are then analyzed and combined into a single master translation. "
+"TeachAIDS has additional teams of volunteers then translate that version "
+"back into English to see how well it lines up with the original materials. "
+"They repeat this process until they reach a translated version that meets "
+"their standards. For the Tibetan version, they went through this cycle "
+"eleven times."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
-"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
-"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
+"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and in-"
+"kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
-"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
-"said. “We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
-"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to "
-"sponsors. TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new "
-"eyeballs with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising "
-"channels. The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which "
-"is often a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, "
-"the content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can "
-"benefit a brand for many years to come."
+"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
+"“We don’t have to do much to find or attract them.” They believe the "
+"sponsorships are easy to sell because they offer so much value to sponsors. "
+"TeachAIDS sponsorships give corporations the chance to reach new eyeballs "
+"with their brand, but at a much lower cost than other advertising channels. "
+"The audience for TeachAIDS content also tends to skew young, which is often "
+"a desirable demographic for brands. Unlike traditional advertising, the "
+"content is not time-sensitive, so an investment in a sponsorship can benefit "
+"a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
msgid ""
-"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
-"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
-"the work; it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they "
-"create furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale "
-"their materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game "
-"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
+"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
+"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
+"it motivates the funders. The CC license on the materials they create "
+"furthers that mission, allowing them to safely and quickly scale their "
+"materials worldwide. “The Creative Commons license has been a game changer "
+"for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-92\"></span>Tribe of Noise"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
+msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7078
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
-"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold "
-"stock-music. They thought of looking up websites where you could license "
-"music directly from the musician without going through record labels or "
-"agents. But in 2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights "
-"holder was not readily available."
+"licensing music tracks. All they could find was standard, cold stock-music. "
+"They thought of looking up websites where you could license music directly "
+"from the musician without going through record labels or agents. But in "
+"2005, the ability to directly license music from a rights holder was not "
+"readily available."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7110
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
-"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
-"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
-"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, good-"
+"listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show without "
+"the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They started their "
+"In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) uploaded by the "
+"Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7167
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7185
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
-"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
-"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
+"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC BY-"
+"SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7201
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
-"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
-"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
+"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific amount. "
+"This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their repertoire "
+"at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
msgid ""
-"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
-"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
-"economy, the community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, "
-"create exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become "
-"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
+"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
+"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
+"community area of Tribe of Noise is where they can build trust, create "
+"exposure, and generate money. And after that, musicians may become more "
+"interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"specifies what they want, and any member can submit a song. Contests usually "
"involve prizes, exposure, and money. In addition to building member "
"engagement, contests help members learn how to work with clients: listening "
-"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that "
-"need."
+"to them, understanding what they want, and creating a song to meet that need."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
-"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
-"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
-"little reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the "
-"control. Still a small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a "
-"hybrid model by licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in "
-"others with collecting societies like"
+"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for them. "
+"Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see little "
+"reason to sign with a third party or hand over some of the control. Still a "
+"small but growing group of Tribe members are pursuing a hybrid model by "
+"licensing some of their songs under CC BY-SA and opting in others with "
+"collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
-msgid "ASCAP or BMI."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"translated into all languages really helps build that trust. Tribe of Noise "
"believes in creating a model where they work together with musicians. They "
"can only do that if they have a live and kicking community, with people who "
-"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in "
-"mind. Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for "
-"music, a model that’s based on trust."
+"think that the Tribe of Noise team has their best interests in mind. "
+"Creative Commons makes it possible to create a new business model for music, "
+"a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7271
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-93\"></span>Wikimedia Foundation"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
+msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7276
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7280
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7295
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
-"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
-"articles. All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of "
-"the content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people "
-"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
+"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
+"All of the content is available for free to anyone online. All of the "
+"content is released under a Creative Commons license that enables people to "
+"reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
-"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
-"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
+"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
+"the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7311
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"sites like Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons. The foundation employs about two "
-"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it "
-"hosts. But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its "
-"community. The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about "
-"seventy-five thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every "
-"month. Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, "
-"including formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a "
-"particular theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a "
-"particular organization."
+"hundred and eighty people, who all work to support the projects it hosts. "
+"But the true heart of Wikipedia and its sister projects is its community. "
+"The numbers of people in the community are variable, but about seventy-five "
+"thousand volunteers edit and improve Wikipedia articles every month. "
+"Volunteers are organized in a variety of ways across the globe, including "
+"formal Wikimedia chapters (mostly national), groups focused on a particular "
+"theme, user groups, and many thousands who are not connected to a particular "
+"organization."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
-"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
-"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
-"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
+"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their system. "
+"The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to resolve "
+"disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject areas, "
+"talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"every given topic—it is also a global patchwork of humans working together "
"in a million different ways, in a million different capacities, for a "
"million different reasons. While many have tried to guess what makes "
-"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single "
-"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
-"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
-"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"Wikipedia work as well it does, the fact is there is no single explanation. "
+"“In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible diversity of "
+"motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of the English "
+"Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error in articles "
+"more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of Wikipedia users "
+"are also editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to "
+"Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” "
+"Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United "
"States. They engage in extensive user testing and research to maximize the "
"reach of their fund-raising campaigns. Their basic fund-raising message is "
-"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give "
-"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
+"simple: We provide our readers and the world immense value, so give back. "
+"Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-94\"></span>Bibliography"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
+msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
+"org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
msgid ""
-"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
+"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
+"models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-"
+"paradigm/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
msgid ""
-"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
-"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
+"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
+"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
-"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
-"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
-"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
+"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
+"Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop in "
+"cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7489
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7510
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
+"sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
msgid ""
-"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
-"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
+"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
+"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
msgid ""
-"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
-"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
+"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
+"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
+"articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
-"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
+"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
+"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
-"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
msgid ""
-"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
-"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
+"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
+"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7592
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
+"com/books/business-model-generation."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. pro."
+"europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed under CC BY-"
+"SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
-"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
+"\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7632
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” www.catb.org/esr/writings/"
+"cathedral-bazaar/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
-msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
msgid ""
-"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
-"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
+"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
+"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7684
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
+"get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
+"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
msgid ""
-"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
-"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
+"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
+"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7696
-msgid "<span id=\"anchor-95\"></span>Acknowledgments"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
+msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
-"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
-"co-editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable "
-"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
+"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
+"editors who read early drafts of our work and provided invaluable feedback. "
+"Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7764
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Carlos Correa Loyola, Carlos Solis, Carmen Garcia Wiedenhoeft, Carol Long, "
"Carol marquardsen, Caroline Calomme, Caroline Mailloux, Carolyn Hinchliff, "
"Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, "
-"Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile,"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7863
-msgid ""
+"Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile, "
"@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, "
"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, "
"Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
"Nas, Denis Jean, dennis straub, Dennis Whittle, Denver Gingerich, Derek "
-"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane "
-"K. Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La "
-"Cruz, Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, "
-"Dirk Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, "
-"Dom Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique "
-"Karadjian, Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, "
-"Doug Hoover, Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. "
-"Braddlee, Drew Spencer, Duncan"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7869
-msgid ""
-"Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon Caddigan, Earleen "
-"Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo Castro, Edwin "
-"Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar Haljas, Elena "
-"Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth Holloway, Ellen "
-"Buecher, Ellen Kaye-"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7900
-msgid ""
-"Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily "
-"Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric "
-"Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik "
-"Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest "
-"Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen "
-"Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio "
-"Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano "
-"Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand "
-"Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, "
-"fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian "
-"Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, Francis Clarke, Francisco "
-"Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, François Gros, François "
-"Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, "
-"Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, "
-"Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de "
-"Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, "
-"Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, "
-"George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil "
-"Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, "
-"Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, "
-"Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham "
-"Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, "
-"Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume "
-"Rischard, Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, "
-"Gwilym Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, "
-"Hannes Leo, Hans Bickhofe, Hans de Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, "
-"Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, "
-"Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen Crisp, Helen"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8121
-msgid ""
-"Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach Latorre "
-"Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser, Hermann "
-"Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, Hubert "
-"Gertis, Hugh Geenen, Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian Capstick, "
-"Ian Johnson, Ian Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, Inma de "
-"la Torre, Iris Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah Tanenbaum, "
-"Ivan F. Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek Darken "
-"Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, Jaime "
-"Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James Allenspach, James "
-"Chesky, James Cloos, James Docherty, James Ellars, James K Wood, James "
+"Slater, Devon Cooke, Diana Pasek-Atkinson, Diane Johnston Graves, Diane K. "
+"Kovacs, Diane Trout, Diderik van Wingerden, Diego Cuevas, Diego De La Cruz, "
+"Dimitrie Grigorescu, Dina Marie Rodriguez, Dinah Fabela, Dirk Haun, Dirk "
+"Kiefer, Dirk Loop, DJ Fusion - FuseBox Radio Broadcast, Dom jurkewitz, Dom "
+"Lane, Domi Enders, Domingo Gallardo, Dominic de Haas, Dominique Karadjian, "
+"Dongpo Deng, Donnovan Knight, Door de Flines, Doug Fitzpatrick, Doug Hoover, "
+"Douglas Craver, Douglas Van Camp, Douglas Van Houweling, Dr. Braddlee, Drew "
+"Spencer, Duncan Sample, Durand D’souza, Dylan Field, E C Humphries, Eamon "
+"Caddigan, Earleen Smith, Eden Sarid, Eden Spodek, Eduardo Belinchon, Eduardo "
+"Castro, Edwin Vandam, Einar Joergensen, Ejnar Brendsdal, Elad Wieder, Elar "
+"Haljas, Elena Valhalla, Eli Doran, Elias Bouchi, Elie Calhoun, Elizabeth "
+"Holloway, Ellen Buecher, Ellen Kaye- Cheveldayoff, Elli Verhulst, Elroy "
+"Fernandes, Emery Hurst Mikel, Emily Catedral, Enrique Mandujano R., Eric "
+"Astor, Eric Axelrod, Eric Celeste, Eric Finkenbiner, Eric Hellman, Eric "
+"Steuer, Erica Fletcher, Erik Hedman, Erik Lindholm Bundgaard, Erika Reid, "
+"Erin Hawley, Erin McKean of Wordnik, Ernest Risner, Erwan Bousse, Erwin "
+"Bell, Ethan Celery, Étienne Gilli, Eugeen Sablin, Evan Tangman, Evonne "
+"Okafor, Evtim Papushev, Fabien Cambi, Fabio Natali, Fauxton Software, Felix "
+"Deierlein, Felix Gebauer, Felix Maximiliano Obes, Felix Schmidt, Felix "
+"Zephyr Hsiao, Ferdies Food Lab, Fernand Deschambault, Filipe Rodrigues, "
+"Filippo Toso, Fiona MacAlister, fiona.mac.uk, Floor Scheffer, Florent "
+"Darrault, Florian Hähnel, Florian Schneider, Floyd Wilde, Foxtrot Games, "
+"Francis Clarke, Francisco Rivas-Portillo, Francois Dechery, Francois Grey, "
+"François Gros, François Pelletier, Fred Benenson, Frédéric Abella, Frédéric "
+"Schütz, Fredrik Ekelund, Fumi Yamazaki, Gabor Sooki-Toth, Gabriel Staples, "
+"Gabriel Véjar Valenzuela, Gal Buki, Gareth Jordan, Garrett Heath, Gary "
+"Anson, Gary Forster, Gatien de Broucker, Gaurav Kapil, Gauthier de "
+"Valensart, Gavin Gray, Gavin Romig-Koch, Geoff Wood, Geoffrey Lehr, George "
+"Baier IV, George De Bruin, George Lawie, George Strakhov, Gerard Gorman, "
+"Geronimo de la Lama, Gianpaolo Rando, Gil Stendig, Gino Cingolani Trucco, "
+"Giovanna Sala, Glen Moffat, Glenn D. Jones, Glenn Otis Brown, Global Lives "
+"Project, Gorm Lai, Govindarajan Umakanthan, Graham Bird, Graham Freeman, "
+"Graham Heath, Graham Jones, Graham Smith-Gordon, Graham Vowles, Greg "
+"Brodsky, Greg Malone, Grégoire Detrez, Gregory Chevalley, Gregory Flynn, "
+"Grit Matthias, Gui Louback, Guillaume Rischard, Gustavo Vaz de Carvalho "
+"Gonçalves, Gustin Johnson, Gwen Franck, Gwilym Lucas, Haggen So, Håkon T "
+"Sønderland, Hamid Larbi, Hamish MacEwan, Hannes Leo, Hans Bickhofe, Hans de "
+"Raad, Hans Vd Horst, Harold van Ingen, Harold Watson, Harry Chapman, Harry "
+"Kaczka, Harry Torque, Hayden Glass, Hayley Rosenblum, Heather Leson, Helen "
+"Crisp, Helen Michaud, Helen Qubain, Helle Rekdal Schønemann, Henrique Flach "
+"Latorre Moreno, Henry Finn, Henry Kaiser, Henry Lahore, Henry Steingieser, "
+"Hermann Paar, Hillary Miller, Hironori Kuriaki, Holly Dykes, Holly Lyne, "
+"Hubert Gertis, Hugh Geenen, Humble Daisy, Hüppe Keith, Iain Davidson, Ian "
+"Capstick, Ian Johnson, Ian Upton, Icaro Ferracini, Igor Lesko, Imran Haider, "
+"Inma de la Torre, Iris Brest, Irwin Madriaga, Isaac Sandaljian, Isaiah "
+"Tanenbaum, Ivan F. Villanueva B., J P Cleverdon, Jaakko Tammela Jr, Jacek "
+"Darken Gołębiowski, Jack Hart, Jacky Hood, Jacob Dante Leffler, Jaime Perla, "
+"Jaime Woo, Jake Campbell, Jake Loeterman, Jakes Rawlinson, James Allenspach, "
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+"II, Markus Deimann, Markus Jaritz, Markus Luethi, Marshal Miller, Marshall "
+"Warner, Martijn Arets, Martin Beaudoin, Martin Decky, Martin DeMello, Martin "
+"Humpolec, Martin Mayr, Martin Peck, Martin Sanchez, Martino Loco, Martti "
+"Remmelgas, Martyn Eggleton, Martyn Lewis, Mary Ellen Davis, Mary Heacock, "
+"Mary Hess, Mary Mi, Masahiro Takagi, Mason Du, Massimo V.A. Manzari, Mathias "
+"Bavay, Mathias Nicolajsen Kjærgaard, Matias Kruk, Matija Nalis, Matt Alcock, "
+"Matt Black, Matt Broach, Matt Hall, Matt Haughey, Matt Lee, Matt Plec, Matt "
+"Skoss, Matt Thompson, Matt Vance, Matt Wagstaff, Matteo Cocco, Matthew "
+"Bendert, Matthew Bergholt, Matthew Darlison, Matthew Epler, Matthew Hawken, "
+"Matthew Heimbecker, Matthew Orstad, Matthew Peterworth, Matthew Sheehy, "
+"Matthew Tucker, Adaptive Handy Apps, LLC, Mattias Axell, Max Green, Max "
+"Kossatz, Max lupo, Max Temkin, Max van Balgooy, Médéric Droz-dit-Busset, "
+"Megan Ingle, Megan Wacha, Meghan Finlayson, Melissa Aho, Melissa Sterry, "
+"Melle Funambuline, Menachem Goldstein, Micah Bridges, Michael Ailberto, "
+"Michael Anderson, Michael Andersson Skane, Michael C. Stewart, Michael "
+"Carroll, Michael Cavette, Michael Crees, Michael David Johas Teener, Michael "
+"Dennis Moore, Michael Freundt Karlsen, Michael Harries, Michael Hawel, "
+"Michael Lewis, Michael May, Michael Murphy, Michael Murvine, Michael "
+"Perkins, Michael Sauers, Michael St.Onge, Michael Stanford, Michael Stanley, "
+"Michael Underwood, Michael Weiss, Michael Wright, Michael-Andreas Kuttner, "
+"Michaela Voigt, Michal Rosenn, Michał Szymański, Michel Gallez, Michell "
+"Zappa, Michelle Heeyeon You, Miha Batic, Mik Ishmael, Mikael Andersson, Mike "
+"Chelen, Mike Habicher, Mike Maloney, Mike Masnick, Mike McDaniel, Mike "
+"Pouraryan, Mike Sheldon, Mike Stop Continues, Mike Stringer, Mike "
+"Wittenstein, Mikkel Ovesen, Mikołaj Podlaszewski, Millie Gonzalez, Mindi "
+"Lovell, Mindy Lin, Mirko “Macro” Fichtner, Mitch Featherston, Mitchell "
+"Adams, Molika Oum, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Monica Mora, Morgan Loomis, "
+"Moritz Schubert, Mrs. Paganini, Mushin Schilling, Mustafa K Calik, MD, Myk "
+"Pilgrim, Myra Harmer, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Nagle Industries, LLC, Nah Wee "
+"Yang, Natalie Brown, Natalie Freed, Nathan D Howell, Nathan Massey, Nathan "
+"Miller, Neal Gorenflo, Neal McBurnett, Neal Stimler, Neil Wilson, Nele "
+"Wollert, Neuchee Chang, Niall McDonagh, Niall Twohig, Nic McPhee, Nicholas "
+"Bentley, Nicholas Koran, Nicholas Norfolk, Nicholas Potter, Nick Bell, Nick "
+"Coghlan, Nick Isaacs, Nick M. Daly, Nick Vance, Nickolay Vedernikov, Nicky "
+"Weaver-Weinberg, Nico Prin, Nicolas Weidinger, Nicole Hickman, Niek "
+"Theunissen, Nigel Robertson, Nikki Thompson, Nikko Marie, Nikola Chernev, "
+"Nils Lavesson, Noah Blumenson-Cook, Noah Fang, Noah Kardos-Fein, Noah "
+"Meyerhans, Noel Hanigan, Noel Hart, Norrie Mailer, O.P. Gobée, Ohad Mayblum, "
+"Olivia Wilson, Olivier De Doncker, Olivier Schulbaum, Olle Ahnve, Omar "
+"Kaminski, Omar Willey, OpenBuilds, Ove Ødegård, Øystein Kjærnet, Pablo López "
+"Soriano, Pablo Vasquez, Pacific Design, Paige Mackay, Papp István Péter, "
+"Paris Marx, Parker Higgins, Pasquale Borriello, Pat Allan, Pat Hawks, Pat "
+"Ludwig, Pat Sticks, Patricia Brennan, Patricia Rosnel, Patricia Wolf, "
+"Patrick Berry, Patrick Beseda, Patrick Hurley, Patrick M. Lozeau, Patrick "
+"McCabe, Patrick Nafarrete, Patrick Tanguay, Patrick von Hauff, Patrik "
+"Kernstock, Patti J Ryan, Paul A Golder, Paul and Iris Brest, Paul Bailey, "
+"Paul Bryan, Paul Bunkham, Paul Elosegui, Paul Hibbitts, Paul Jacobson, Paul "
+"Keller, Paul Rowe, Paul Timpson, Paul Walker, Pavel Dostál, Peeter Sällström "
+"Randsalu, Peggy Frith, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Penny Pearson, Per Åström, Perry "
+"Jetter, Péter Fankhauser, Peter Hirtle, Peter Humphries, Peter Jenkins, "
+"Peter Langmar, Peter le Roux, Peter Marinari, Peter Mengelers, Peter O’"
+"Brien, Peter Pinch, Peter S. Crosby, Peter Wells, Petr Fristedt, Petr "
+"Viktorin, Petronella Jeurissen, Phil Flickinger, Philip Chung, Philip "
+"Pangrac, Philip R. Skaggs Jr., Philip Young, Philippa Lorne Channer, "
+"Philippe Vandenbroeck, Pierluigi Luisi, Pierre Suter, Pieter-Jan Pauwels, "
+"Playground Inc., Pomax, Popenoe, Pouhiou Noenaute, Prilutskiy Kirill, "
+"Print3Dreams Ltd., Quentin Coispeau, R. Smith, Race DiLoreto, Rachel Mercer, "
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+"Ralph Chapoteau, Randall Kirby, Randy Brians, Raphaël Alexandre, Raphaël "
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+"Robert Orzanna, Robert Paterson Hunter, Robert R. Daniel Jr., Robert Ryan-"
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+"Popov, Russ Antonucci, Russ Spollin, Russell Brand, Rute Correia, Ruth Ann "
+"Carpenter, Ruth White, Ryan Mentock, Ryan Merkley, Ryan Price, Ryan Sasaki, "
+"Ryan Singer, Ryan Voisin, Ryan Weir, S Searle, Salem Bin Kenaid, Salomon "
+"Riedo, Sam Hokin, Sam Twidale, Samantha Levin, Samantha-Jayne Chapman, "
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+"Wojewoda, Stephanie Pereira, Stephen Gates, Stephen Murphey, Stephen Pearce, "
+"Stephen Rose, Stephen Suen, Stephen Walli, Stevan Matheson, Steve Battle, "
+"Steve Fisches, Steve Fitzhugh, Steve Guen-gerich, Steve Ingram, Steve Kroy, "
+"Steve Midgley, Steve Rhine, Steven Kasprzyk, Steven Knudsen, Steven Melvin, "
+"Stig-Jørund B. Ö. Arnesen, Stuart Drewer, Stuart Maxwell, Stuart Reich, "
+"Subhendu Ghosh, Sujal Shah, Sune Bøegh, Susan Chun, Susan R Grossman, Suzie "
+"Wiley, Sven Fielitz, Swan/Starts, Sylvain Carle, Sylvain Chery, Sylvia "
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+"Hart, Tara Tiger Brown, Tara Westover, Tarmo Toikkanen, Tasha Turner "
+"Lennhoff, Tathagat Varma, Ted Timmons, Tej Dhawan, Teresa Gonczy, Terry "
+"Hook, Theis Madsen, Theo M. Scholl, Theresa Bernardo, Thibault Badenas, "
+"Thomas Bacig, Thomas Boehnlein, Thomas Bøvith, Thomas Chang, Thomas Hartman, "
+"Thomas Kent, Thomas Morgan, Thomas Philipp-Edmonds, Thomas Thrush, Thomas "
+"Werkmeister, Tieg Zaharia, Tieu Thuy Nguyen, Tim Chambers, Tim Cook, Tim "
+"Evers, Tim Nichols, Tim Stahmer, Timothée Planté, Timothy Arfsten, Timothy "
+"Hinchliff, Timothy Vollmer, Tina Coffman, Tisza Gergő, Tobias Schonwetter, "
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+"Goren, Tom Kent, Tom MacWright, Tom Maillioux, Tom Merkli, Tom Merritt, Tom "
+"Myers, Tom Olijhoek, Tom Rubin, Tommaso De Benetti, Tommy Dahlen, Tony Ciak, "
+"Tony Nwachukwu, Torsten Skomp, Tracey Depellegrin, Tracey Henton, Tracey "
+"James, Traci Long DeForge, Trent Yarwood, Trevor Hogue, Trey Blalock, Trey "
+"Hunner, Tryggvi Björgvinsson, Tumuult, Tushar Roy, Tyler Occhiogrosso, Udo "
+"Blenkhorn, Uri Sivan, Vanja Bobas, Vantharith Oum, Vaughan jenkins, Veethika "
+"Mishra, Vic King, Vickie Goode, Victor DePina, Victor Grigas, Victoria "
+"Klassen, Victorien Elvinger, VIGA Manufacture, Vikas Shah, Vinayak "
+"S.Kaujalgi, Vincent O’Leary, Violette Paquet, Virginia Gentilini, Virginia "
+"Kopelman, Vitor Menezes, Vivian Marthell, Wayne Mackintosh, Wendy Keenan, "
+"Werner Wiethege, Wesley Derbyshire, Widar Hellwig, Willa Köerner, William "
+"Bettridge-Radford, William Jefferson, William Marshall, William Peter Nash, "
+"William Ray, William Robins, Willow Rosenberg, Winie Evers, Wolfgang "
+"Renninger, Xavier Antoviaque, Xavier Hugonet, Xavier Moisant, Xueqi Li, "
+"Yancey Strickler, Yann Heurtaux, Yasmine Hajjar, Yu-Hsian Sun, Yves "
+"Deruisseau, Zach Chandler, Zak Zebrowski, Zane Amiralis og Joshua de Haan, "
+"ZeMarmot Open Movie"
projects / text-madewithcc.git / blobdiff