msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-07-31 12:59-0500\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-07-27 20:47+0000\n"
-"Last-Translator: Petter Reinholdtsen <pere-weblate@hungry.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/"
-"madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-10-24 12:24-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-01-05 18:33+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ole-Erik Yrvin <oeyrvin@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Norwegian Bokmål "
+"<https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/madewithcc/translation/nb/>\n"
"Language: nb\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
-"X-Generator: Weblate 2.16-dev\n"
+"X-Generator: Weblate 2.19-dev\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2
-#, fuzzy
msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:10
msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "© 2017, av Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:13
"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-"
"SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
+"Publisert med listensen Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA), "
+"versjon 4.0."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:15
msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Vanlig tekst"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:17
msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Omslag og boksideutforming av Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:19
msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Innhold redigert av Grace Yaginuma"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:21
msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Illustrasjoner av Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:23
msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Nedlastbar e-bok er tilgjengelig fra madewith.cc"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:25
msgid "Publisher:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Forlegger:"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:27
msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Bøker"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:29
msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Husumgade 10, 5."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:31
msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "2200 København N"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:33
msgid "Denmark"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Danmark"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:35
msgid "www.cadb.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "www.cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:37
msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "hey@cadb.dk"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:39
msgid "Printer:"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Trykkeri:"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:41
msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:43
msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "88-100 Inowrocław,"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:45
msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:47
msgid "Poland"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Polen"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:55
"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken er utgitt under en CC BY-SA lisens, noe som betyr at du kan "
+"kopiere, distribuere videre, remikse, transformere og bygge videre for ulike "
+"formål, også kommersielt, så lenge du gir riktig kreditering, gir en link "
+"til lisensen og angir om endringer er gjort. Hvis du remikser, transformerer "
+"eller bygger på materialet, må du distribuere dine bidrag under samme lisens "
+"som den opprinnelige. Lisensdetaljer: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:59
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"platform."
msgstr ""
+"Laget med Creative Commons er offentliggjort med godhjertet støtte fra "
+"Creative Commons og bidragsytere fra vår kronerullingskampanje på Kickstarter"
+".com-plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:66
msgid ""
-"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
"lives.”"
msgstr ""
+"\"Jeg vet ikke mye om faglitteratur. . . Måten jeg tenker på disse tingene, "
+"og hva jeg kan gjøre er. . . essays som dette er anledninger til å følge "
+"noen med et rimelig lyst hode, men også rimelige gjennomsnittlige både "
+"følger nærmere og tenker mer i dybden om mange forskjellige ting enn de "
+"fleste av oss har en sjanse til i våre daglige liv.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:70
msgid "- David Foster Wallace"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "- David Foster Wallace"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:72
msgid "## Foreword"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "## Forord"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:80
"reason for being is to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money "
"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
msgstr ""
+"Han hadde på en måte helt rett - de som gjør ting med Creative Commons har "
+"underliggende motiver, som Paul Stacey forklarer i denne boken: \"Uavhengig "
+"av juridisk status, har de alle en sosial oppgave. Deres primære grunn til å "
+"være til er å gjøre verden til et bedre sted, ikke for fortjeneste. Penger "
+"er et middel til et sosialt mål, ikke målet selv. \""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:92
"to get rich. It might work, but it almost certainly won’t. Though, of "
"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgstr ""
+"I enkeltstudien om Cory Doctorow siterer Sarah Hinchliff Pearson Corys ord "
+"fra hans bok om \"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free\": \"Å gå inn i "
+"kunsten fordi du vil bli rik, er som å kjøpe lottobilletter fordi du vil bli "
+"rik. Det kan fungere, men nesten helt sikkert så vil det ikke det. Men, "
+"selvfølgelig, noen vinner alltid i et lotteri.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:99
"pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
+"I dag er opphavsrett som et lodd i et lotteri - alle har et og nesten ingen "
+"vinner. Hva de ikke fortelle deg er at hvis du velger å dele ditt arbeid, "
+"kan det du får igjen være betydelig og vare lenge. Denne boken er fylt med "
+"historier om dem som tar mye større risiko enn de kronene vi betaler for et "
+"lodd, og i stedet høster belønninger som kommer fra å følge sin lidenskap og "
+"bygge på sine verdier."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:105
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
+"Så det er ikke om pengene. Men er også om det. Å finne midler til å "
+"fortsette å opprette og dele krever ofte en viss inntekt. Max Temkin i Cards "
+"Against Humanity sier det best i sin eksempelstudie: \"Vi lager ikke vitser "
+"og spill for å tjene penger - vi tjener penger slik at vi kan lage flere "
+"vitser og spill.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:113
"the best open business models. Paul and Sarah were the ideal authors to "
"write Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons fokuserer på å bygge levende, nyttige allmenninger, drevet "
+"av samarbeid og takknemlighet. Å få til samarbeidsfelleskap(communities) er "
+"kjernen i vår strategi. Med det i mente startet Creative Commons dette "
+"bokprosjektet. Ledet av Paul og Sarah, gikk prosjektet i gang med å definere "
+"og fremme de beste åpne forretningsmodellene. Paul og Sarah var ideelle "
+"forfatterne skrive Made with Creative Commons: Laget med kreative "
+"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:121
"has a calm, cool voice that conveys a passion that inspires his colleagues "
"and community."
msgstr ""
+"Paul drømmer om en fremtid der nye modeller for kreativitet og innovasjon "
+"overgår den ulikhet og knapphet som i dag viser de verste delene av "
+"kapitalismen. Han drives av kraften i mellommenneskelige forbindelser i "
+"skapende samarbeidsfellesskap. Han ser lengre enn de fleste, og det har "
+"gjort ham til en bedre pedagog, en innsiktsfull forsker, og også en dyktig "
+"gartner. Han har en rolig, kul stemme som formidler en lidenskap som "
+"inspirerer kolleger og samfunn."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:131
"impact—to make the main thing the main thing. She’s practical, detail-"
"oriented, and clever. There’s no one on my team that I enjoy debating more."
msgstr ""
+"Sarah er en meget solid advokat - en sann forkjemper som tror på det gode i "
+"mennesker, og på kraften i kollektive handlinger for å forandre verden. I "
+"det siste året jeg har sett Sarah kjempe med den hjertesorg som kommer fra å "
+"ha investert så mye i en politisk kampanje som ikke sluttet som som hun "
+"hadde håpet. I dag er hun mer bestemt enn noen gang på å leve med sine "
+"verdier rett fra hjertet. Jeg kan alltid stole på at Sarah skyver på for at "
+"Creative Commmons skal påvirke, - gjøre det viktigste viktigst. Hun er "
+"praktisk, detalj-orientert og dyktig. Det er ingen på mitt laget jeg liker "
+"mer å debattere med."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:140
"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
"better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
msgstr ""
+"Som medforfattere, utfylte Paul og Sarah hverandre perfekt. De forsket, "
+"analyserte, hevdet og jobbet som et lag, noen ganger sammen og noen ganger "
+"hver for seg. De grov seg ned i forskningen og skrivingen med lidenskap og "
+"nysgjerrighet, og en dyp respekt for hva som inngår i å lage allmenninger og "
+"å dele med verden. De var åpne for nye ideer, medregnet muligheten for at "
+"utgangsteoriene deres måtte utvikles videre eller kanskje var helt feil. Det "
+"er modig, og det har gitt en bedre bok som er mer innsiktsfull, ærlig og "
+"nyttig."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:146
"SA license for anyone to use, remix, or adapt with attribution. It is, in "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
+"Fra begynnelsen ønsket CC å utvikle dette prosjektet med prinsipper og "
+"verdier fra åpent samarbeid. Boken ble finansiert, utviklet, undersøkt og "
+"skrevet åpent. Det blir delt åpent under en CC BY-SA-lisens slik at alle kan "
+"bruke, remikse eller tilpasse med henvisning på plass. Det er i seg selv et "
+"eksempel på en åpen forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:153
"through two stretch goals and engaging over 1,600 donors—the majority of "
"them new supporters of Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"I 31 dager i august 2015 organiserte Sarah en Kickstarter-kampanje for å "
+"finansiere oppstarten av boken. Resten ble finansiert av Create Commons "
+"sjenerøse givere og støttespillere. Til slutt ble den en av de mest "
+"vellykkede bokprosjektene på Kickstarter, med 1600 engasjerte givere i to "
+"strekk helt til mål. De fleste giverne var nye tilhengere av Creative "
+"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:162
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
+"Paul og Sarah jobbet åpent gjennom hele prosjektet, publiserte planene, "
+"utkast, casestudier og analyset, tidlig og sent, og de engasjerte miljøer "
+"over hele verden til å skrive denne boken. Ettersom meninger varierte "
+"interessene kom i fokus, de laget ulipe løp og besluttet å holde dem atskilt "
+"i sluttproduktet. Å arbeide på denne måten krever både ydmykhet og "
+"selvtillit, og det har uten tvil gjort \"Made with Creative Commons\" til et "
+"bedre prosjekt."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:167
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
msgstr ""
+"De som jobber og deler i allmenningen(commons) er ikke typiske skaperne. De "
+"er en del av noe større enn seg selv, og hva de tilbyr oss alle er en raus "
+"gave. Hva de får tilbake er takknemlighet og et samfunn."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:174
"community as a key value, and because the CC licenses have helped so many to "
"share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Mann, som er løftet frem i denne boken, skriver en dag en sang. Da "
+"jeg tok kontakt for å be ham om å skrive en sang for vår Kickstarter (og å "
+"tilby seg å støtte Kickstarter), stilte han umiddelbart opp. Hvorfor ville "
+"han stille opp på det? Fordi allmenningen har samarbeid som sin kjerne, og "
+"allmenning er en nøkkelverdi, og fordi CC-lisensene har hjulpet så mange å "
+"dele med et globalt publikum på den måten de velger."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:186
"satisfying end goal than having someone tell you that what you do is "
"genuinely of value to them.”"
msgstr ""
+"Sarah skriver, \"Innsats som lages med \"Made with Creative Commons\" trives "
+"når allmenningen bygges rundt hva som gjøres. Dette kan bety at et "
+"fellesskap samarbeider for å skape noe nytt, eller eller kan rett og slett "
+"være en samling av likesinnede som blir kjent hverandre og samler seg rundt "
+"felles interesser eller tro. Til en viss grad, å bare bruke \"Made with "
+"Creative Commons\" bringer automatisk med seg elementer av allmenningen, ved "
+"å hjelpe til med å koble deg til likesinnede, som gjenkjenner og trekkes til "
+"de verdiene som symboliseres ved å bruke CC. \" Amanda Palmer, den andre "
+"musikeren som er profilert i boken, vil sikkert legge til dette fra sin "
+"studie: \"Det er ikke noe mer tilfredsstillende mål enn når noen forteller "
+"deg at det du gjør virkelig verdi for dem..\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:195
"and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business "
"opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er ikke en typisk bedriftsøkonomi-bok. For de som leter etter en "
+"oppskrift eller et veikart, kan dere bli skuffet. Men for de som ønsker å "
+"bidra til et sosialt mål, å bygge noe stort gjennom samarbeid, eller bli med "
+"i en kraftig og voksende globalt samfunn, kan de være sikre på å bli "
+"fornøyd. Made with Creative Commons tilbyr en global endring med et sett "
+"med tydelig artikulerte verdier og prinsipper, noen viktige verktøy til å "
+"utforske dine egne forretningsmuligheter, og to dusin doser med ren "
+"inspirasjon."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:203
"groups, in communities, among strangers, among people they come to know, and "
"sometimes like.”"
msgstr ""
+"I 1996-artikkelen i Stanford Law Review \"Sonene i kyberrom\", skrev CC-"
+"grunnlegger Lawrence Lessig. \"Kyberrommet et sted. Folk bor der. Der "
+"opplever de alle mulige ting, og de oppleves i reelle rom . Og noen, de "
+"opplever mer. Dette opplever de ikke som isolerte individer, som spillere av "
+"noe høyteknologiske dataspill; De opplever det i grupper, i fellesskap, "
+"blant fremmede, blant dem de lærer å kjenne, og noen ganger like.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:209
"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
msgstr ""
+"Jeg er utrolig stolt at Creative Commons er i stand å utgi denne boken for "
+"så mange allmenninger som vi har lært å kjenne og liker. Jeg er takknemlig "
+"overfor Paul og Sarah for deres kreativitet og innsikt, og de globale "
+"samfunn som har hjulpet oss å bringe den til deg. Som CC-styremedlem "
+"Johnathan Nightingale ofte sier: \"Alt er laget av mennesker.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:211
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Det er den sanne verdien av ting som er laget med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:213
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:215
#, no-wrap
msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:217
msgid "## Introduction"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "## Introduksjon"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:220
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken viser verden hvordan deling kan være bra i forretningsøyemed, "
+"men med en vri."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:230
"model canvas,” an interactive online tool that would help people design and "
"analyze their business model."
msgstr ""
+"Vi startet prosjektet å utforske hvordan skapere, organisasjoner og "
+"bedrifter tjener penger å videreføre hva de gjør når de deler arbeidet sitt "
+"med Creative Commons-lisenser. Målet var ikke til å identifisere en formel "
+"for forretningsmodeller som bruker Creative Commons, men i stedet samle "
+"friske ideer og dynamiske eksempler som tenner nye, innovative modeller og "
+"hjelper andre å følge etter ved å bygge på det allerede virker. I starten "
+"rammet vi inn våre undersøkelser i kjente forretningsbegreper. Vi laget et "
+"ubeskrevet \"åpent forretningsmodell-lerret,\" et interaktivt nettbasert "
+"verktøy som hjelper folk å skape og analysere sin forretningsmodell."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:237
"what we call being Made with Creative Commons. We interviewed them and wrote "
"up their stories. We analyzed what we heard and dug deep into the literature."
msgstr ""
+"Med raus finansiering fra Kickstarters støttespillere, satte vi i gang dette "
+"prosjektet, først ved å identifisere og velge ut en bred gruppe av skapere, "
+"organisasjoner og bedrifter som bruker Creative Commons på en integrert måte "
+"- det vi kaller \"Gjort på Creative Commons-vis\". Vi intervjuet dem og "
+"skrev ned deres historier. Vi analyserte hva vi hørte, og gravde dypt i "
+"litteraturen."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:240
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
+"Mens vi gjorde våre undersøkelser, skjedde det noe interessant. Vår første "
+"måte ramme inn arbeidet på, samsvarte ikke med de historiene vi hørte."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:246
"around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
+"De vi intervjuet var ikke typisk bedrifter som selger til forbrukerne og "
+"søker å maksimere overskudd og bunnlinje. I stedet, de delte for å gjøre "
+"verden til et bedre sted, ved å skape relasjoner og samfunn rundt arbeidene "
+"som ble delt, og genererte inntekter, ikke for ubegrenset vekst, men for å "
+"opprettholde driften."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:252
"value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with Creative "
"Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
+"Ofte likte de ikke å høre, at hva de gjør, ble beskrevet som en åpen "
+"forretningsmodell. Deres oppgave var noe mer enn det. Noe annet. Noe som "
+"genererer ikke bare økonomisk verdi, men sosiale og kulturelle verdi. Noe "
+"som involverer forbindelser mennesker imellom. Å \"Gjøre med Creative "
+"Commons\" er ikke \"business as usual.\""
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:260
"who provided invaluable edits, feedback, and advice. Our thinking changed "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
+"Vi måtte revurdere måten vi oppfattet dette prosjektet på. Og det skjedde "
+"ikke over natten. Fra høsten av 2015 og hele 2016 dokumenterte vi våre "
+"tanker i blogginnlegg på Medium og med regelmessige oppdateringer til våre "
+"Kickstarter-støttespillere. Vi delte utkast av enkeltstudier og analyse med "
+"våre Kickstarter-samarbeidspartnere, som ga uvurderlige endringer, "
+"tilbakemeldinger og råd. Vår tenkning endret seg dramatisk i løpet av "
+"halvannet år."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:269
"throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary "
"approaches as you read through our different sections."
msgstr ""
+"Gjennom hele prosessen, har vi to ofte hatt svært ulike måter å forstå og "
+"beskrive hva vi lærer. Gjensidig læring har vært en av de store gledene i "
+"dette arbeidet, og vi håper, noe som har gjort det endelige produktet mye "
+"mer innholdsrikt enn det ville vært hvis én av oss gjennomførte dette "
+"prosjektet alene. Våre stemmer er tatt vare på underveis, og du vil kunne "
+"finne våre ulike, men utfyllende, tilnærminger når du henholdsvis leser "
+"gjennom våre ulike seksjoner."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:273
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main parts."
msgstr ""
+"Mens vi anbefaler at du leser boken fra start til slutt, kan hver del leses "
+"mer eller mindre uavhengig av hverandre. Boken er organisert i to hoveddeler."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:280
"terms and eloquently makes the case for sharing and enlarging the digital "
"commons."
msgstr ""
+"Første del, oversikten, som begynner med det store bildet, er skrevet av "
+"Paul. Han gir litt historisk bakgrunn for Digital Commons, som beskriver de "
+"tre måtene samfunnet håndterer ressurser og deler inntekter: Allmenninger, "
+"markedet og staten. Han er talsmann for tenkning utover næringsvirksomhet og "
+"markedsbegreper, og er velformulert om deling og utvidelse av Digital "
+"Commons."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:289
"bring in revenue, how they further the public interest and live out their "
"values, and how they foster connections with the people with whom they share."
msgstr ""
+"Oversikten fortsetter med Sarahs kapittel, der hun vurderer hva det betyr å "
+"lykkes med Creative Commons. Mens å tjene penger er en del av kaken, er det "
+"også et sett av offentlig-baserte verdier og hva slags menneskelige "
+"forbindelser som gjør deling virkelig meningsfullt. Denne delen beskriver "
+"hvordan skaperne, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi intervjuet, skaffer "
+"inntekter, hvordan de videre fremmer allmenne interesser og realiserer sine "
+"verdier, og hvordan de bygger forbindelser med folk de deler med."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:295
"restrictive licenses—the ones that are closest to the all-rights-reserved "
"model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
msgstr ""
+"Og for å avslutte første del, har vi et kort avsnitt som forklarer de ulike "
+"Creative Commons-lisensene. Vi snakker om misforståelsen om at jo mer "
+"restriktiv lisensene - de som er nærmest \"alle rettigheter reservert\"-"
+"modellen i tradisjonell opphavsrett, - er den eneste måten å tjene penger på."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:300
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
msgstr ""
+"Del to av boken består av de fire og tyve historiene til aktører, bedrifter "
+"og organisasjoner vi intervjuet. Begge deltok i intervjuene, mens vi "
+"fordelte skrivingen av profilene."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:304
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig er vi glade for å gjøre boken tilgjengelig med en Creative "
+"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike lisens. Kopier, distribuer, oversett, "
+"lokaliser, og bygg gjerne videre på dette arbeidet."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:310
"use Creative Commons and in so doing contribute to the transformation of our "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boka har endret og inspirert oss. Måten vi nå betrakter og tenker på "
+"hva det betyr å \"gjøre med Creative Commons\" er ugjenkallelig forandret. "
+"Vi håper denne boken inspirerer deg og ditt foretak til å bruke Creative "
+"Commons og dermed bidra til forandringen av vår økonomi og verden til bedre."
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:312
#, no-wrap
msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "*Paul og Sarah *\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# Part 1"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:315
msgid "# The Big Picture"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "# Det store bildet"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:317
msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "## Digital Commons nye verden"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:320
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:319
msgid "Paul Stacey"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Paul Stacey"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:327
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the commons. "
"gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are new, such "
"as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe beskriver velformulert allmenningen som \"luften og havene, "
+"nettverket av arter, villmark og rennende vann - alle er deler av "
+"allmenninger. Så er språk og kunnskap, fortau og torg, historier fra "
+"barndommen og demokratiske prosesser. Noen deler av allmenningen er gaver "
+"fra naturen, andre er resultat av av menneskelige bestrebelser. Noen er "
+"nytt, for eksempel Internett; andre er like gamle som jord og kalligrafi.\"1"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:337
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:336
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
+"I \"Laget med Creative Commons\" fokuserer vi på vår nåværende æra med "
+"digitale allmenninger, enn allmenningen med menneskelagede arbeider. Dinne "
+"allmenningen går på tvers av en rekke områder, inkludert kulturarv, "
+"utdanning, forskning, teknologi, kunst, design, litteratur, underholdning, "
+"forretning og data. Menneskelagde arbeider på alle disse områdene er i "
+"økende grad digitale. Internett er en slags global, digital allmenning. "
+"Personer, organisasjoner og bedrifter i våre referanseløsninger bruker "
+"Creative Commons til å dele sine ressurser tilkoblet Internett."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:347
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenninger er imidlertid ikke bare om delte ressurser. De er også om "
+"sosial praksis og verdiene som styrer dem. En ressurs er et substantiv, men "
+"til allmenngjøring - å legge ressursen inn i allmenningen - er et verb.2 "
+"Produsenter, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi profilerer er alle engasjert i "
+"allmenngjøring. Deres bruk av Creative Commons involverer dem i den sosiale "
+"gjennomføring av allmenngjøring, administrere ressurser kollektivt i et "
+"brukerfellesskap.3 Allmenngjøring styres av et sett med verdier og normer "
+"som balanserer kostnadene og fordelene for foretaket med de til "
+"fellesskapet. Særlig vekt er lagt på rettferdig tilgang, bruk og bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:349
msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Almenningen, markedet, og staten"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:355
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:354
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
"today.4"
msgstr ""
+"Historisk har det vært tre måter å administrere ressurser og fordele rikdom: "
+"Allmenninger (håndtert kollektivt) og staten (dvs. regjeringen) markedet - "
+"med de siste to som de dominerende former i dag.4"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:362
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the "
"commons with those of the market or state."
msgstr ""
+"Organisasjoner og bedrifter i våre referanseløsninger er unike i måten de "
+"deltar i felleskap mens de fortsatt er engasjert i markedet og/eller i "
+"offentlig sektor. Omfanget av engasjement i markedet eller med det "
+"offentlige varierer. Noen opererer primært som en allmenning med minimal "
+"eller ingen avhengighet av markedet eller det offentlige.5 Andre er for en "
+"stor del i markedet eller det offentlige, og avhenger av dem for finansiell "
+"bærekraft. Alle fungerer som hybrider, som kombinerer normer fra allemanneie "
+"med dem som gjelder for markeder eller det offentlige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:366
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:365
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
+"Fig.1. skildrer hvordan en bedrift kan ha varierende grad av engasjement med "
+"allemannseie , det offentlige og markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:374
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"as being primarily of one type or another affects the balance of norms by "
"which they operate."
msgstr ""
+"Noen av våre referanseløsninger er bare allemannseie og har liten elle ikke "
+"noe engasjenet i forhold til offentlig sektor. En beskrivelse av de "
+"løsningene ville vise at tilknytningen til offentlig sektor er liten eller "
+"til og med fraværende. Andre referanser er primært markedsbaserte med bare "
+"et lite engasjement i allemannsseie. Fremstillingen av de referansestudiene "
+"viser at markedsfæren er stor og fellesskapsfæren liten. I hvilken grad en "
+"bedrift ser seg selv som hovedsakelig av én type eller annen påvirker "
+"sammensetningen av de normer de styrer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:382
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"engagement between the commons and the market requires a deft touch, a "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
+"Alle våre referanseløsninger genererer penger til livsopphold og bærekraft. "
+"Penger kommer hovedsakelig fra markedet. Det er utfordrende å finne måter å "
+"generere inntekter på, når man holder seg til kjerneverdiene i allemannseie ("
+"vanligvis uttrykt i målformuleringer). Å administrere samhandling og "
+"engasjement mellom fellesskapene og markedet krever litt netthendt, en sterk "
+"følelse av verdier, og evnen til å kombinere det beste fra begge."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:388
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"build the commons. Beyond money, laws and regulations regarding property, "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Staten har en viktig rolle å spille i å fremme aksept og bruk av felleseier. "
+"Statlige programmer og finansiering kan bevisst bidra til og bygge "
+"allemannseier. Utover bevilgninger, lovgivning og regler om eiendomsrett, "
+"kan opphavsrett, forretningsvirksomhet og finansiering, alle være utformet "
+"for å fremme allemannseie."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:391
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"commons the same way you do the market or state is not a strategy for "
"success."
msgstr ""
+"Det er nyttig for alle å forstå hvordan allemannseie, markedet og offentlig "
+"sektor håndterer ressurser på ulike måter, og ikke bare for dem som anser "
+"seg selv som hovedsakelig et felleseie. For bedrifter eller offentlige "
+"organisasjoner som ønsker å engasjere seg i og bruke allemannseie, vil det å "
+"vite hvordan allmenninger fungere være til hjelp for å forstå den beste "
+"måten for å gjøre dette på. For å delta i og bruke felleseie på samme måte "
+"som man ellers arbeider i markedet eller i staten, er ikke en strategi for "
+"suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:401
msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### De fire aspektene ved en ressurs"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:409
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this "
"chapter."
msgstr ""
+"Som en del av hennes Nobel Prize-vinnende arbeid, utviklet Elinor Ostrom et "
+"rammeverk for å analysere hvordan naturressurser administreres i en "
+"allmenning.6 Hennes rammeverk vurdert ting som biofysiske karakteristikker "
+"ved felles ressurser, samfunnets aktører og samhandlingene som foregår "
+"mellom dem, uformelle regler-i-bruk, og resultater. Dette rammeverket er "
+"forenklet og generalisert for å bruke på felleseie, markedet og staten, det "
+"offentlige, for dette kapitlet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:413
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"rules they develop to govern use, and finally actual resource use along with "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du vil sammenligne og vise kontraster i måter som allemannseie, "
+"markedet, og det offentlige arbeider, la oss vurdere fire sider ved "
+"ressursadministrasjon: Ressursens karakteristika, de involverte personene og "
+"den prosessen de bruker, normer og regler de utvikler for å styre bruken, og "
+"til slutt den faktiske ressursbruken sammen med resultatene av denne bruken ("
+"se Fig. 2)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:415
-msgid "#### Characteristics"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:418
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"6.5in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"6.5in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:420
+msgid "#### Characteristics"
+msgstr "#### Karakteristika"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:425
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human produced. And—"
"significantly for today’s commons—resources can be physical or digital, "
"which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
+"Ressurser har spesielle egenskaper eller attributter som påvirker hvordan de "
+"kan brukes. Noen ressurser er naturlige; andre er menneskeskapt. Og - av "
+"betydelig for dagens felleseider - ressurser kan være fysiske eller "
+"digitale, som påvirker det iboende ressurspotensialet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:434
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"resources in physical form. The costs of producing and distributing a "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
+"Fysiske ressurser er begrensede. Hvis jeg har en fysisk ressurs og gi det "
+"til deg, har jeg den ikke lenger. Når en ressurs er fjernet og brukt, blir "
+"tilbudet knapt eller utarmet. Knapphet kan føre til konkurranse og "
+"rivalisering om ressursen. Tiltak laget med Creative Commons er vanligvis "
+"digitalt basert, men noen av våre referanseløsninger produserer også "
+"ressurser i fysisk form. Kostnadene ved å produsere og distribuere et fysisk "
+"gode, krever vanligvis at man benytter markedet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:442
msgid ""
"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"depleted, and at close to zero cost. Abundance rather than scarcity is an "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
+"Fysiske ressurser blir uttømt, er eksklusive og de konkurreres om. Digitale "
+"ressurser, derimot, er uutømmelige, ikke-eksklusive og gir ikke "
+"rivalisering. Hvis jeg deler en digital ressurs med deg, har vi begge "
+"ressursen. Å gi den til deg betyr ikke at jeg ikke lenger har den. Digitale "
+"ressursene kan lages i det uendelige, kopieres og distribueres uten bli "
+"uttømt og til en kostnad på nær null. Overflod i stedet for knapphet er en "
+"iboende karakteristisk ved digitale ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:449
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially scarce. "
"Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and abundant."
msgstr ""
+"At de digitale ressursene er uuttømmelige, ikke-eksklusive og ikke-"
+"revialiserende betyr reglene og normene for å håndtere dem kan (og bør) være "
+"forskjellige fra hvordan fysiske ressurser håndteres. Men er ikke alltid "
+"tilfelle. Digitale ressurser gjøres ofte kunstig knappe. Å plassere digitale "
+"ressurser i allmenninger gjør dem gratis og rikelige."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:458
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
"but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referanseprosjekter håndterer ofte hybrid-ressurser, som begynner som "
+"digitale med muligheter for å bli omgjort til en fysisk ressurs. Den "
+"digitale bokfilen kan trykkes på papir og gjøres til en fysisk bok. Et data-"
+"gjengitt design for møbler kan fysisk produseres i tre. Denne konverteringen "
+"fra digital til fysisk har alltid kostnader. De digitale ressursene "
+"administreres ofte på en fri og åpen måte, men et kreves penger for å "
+"konvertere en digital ressurs til en fysisk."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:461
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:466
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to "
"future generations."
msgstr ""
+"Utover denne ideen med fysisk versus digital, forstår allmenninger, markedet "
+"og staten ressurser forskjellig (se Fig. 3). Markedet ser ressurser som "
+"private varer, goder for salg - som gir verdi. Staten ser ressurser som "
+"offentlige goder som gir verdi til innbyggerne. Allmenninger ser ressurser "
+"som felles goder, som gir en felles rikdom som strekker seg utover landets "
+"grenser, og videreformidles uforminsket eller forbedret til fremtidige "
+"generasjoner."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:468
msgid "#### People and processes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Folk og prosesser"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:472
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"and how a resource is managed."
msgstr ""
+"I allemannseie, markedet og staten brukes ulike mennesker og prosesser til å "
+"administrere ressurser. De prosesser som brukes definerer både som har "
+"innflytelse og hvordan en ressurs skal håndteres."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:480
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on "
"government priorities and procedures."
msgstr ""
+"I staten utgår en regjering fra folkevalgte som er ansvarlige for "
+"ressurshåndteringen på vegne av folk flest. Innbyggerne som produserer og "
+"bruker disse ressursene er ikke direkte involvert; i stedet er ansvaret gitt "
+"over til regjeringen. Statlige departementer og avdelinger bemannet med "
+"offentlige tjenestemenn setter opp budsjetter, gjennomfører programmer og "
+"administrerer ressurser basert på regjeringen prioriteringer og prosedyrer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:487
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"resources are managed as commodities, frequently mass-produced, and sold to "
"consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er de involverte produsenter, kjøpere, selgere og forbrukere. "
+"Bedrifter fungere som mellomledd mellom dem som produserer ressurser og dem "
+"som konsumerer eller bruke dem. Markedets prosesser søker å trekke ut så mye "
+"verdi fra ressurser som mulig. Ressurser håndteres som en handelsvare i "
+"markedet, ofte masseprodusert og solgt til forbrukere på grunnlag av en "
+"betalingstransaksjon."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:501
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less "
"anonymous and more personal."
msgstr ""
+"I motsetning til staten og markedet, håndters ressurser i en allmenning mer "
+"direkte av dem som er involvert.7 De som lager menneske-produserte ressurser "
+"kan legge dem i felleseie ut fra et personlig valg. Det kreves ingen "
+"tillatelse fra staten eller markedet. Alle kan delta i allmenninger og selv "
+"bestemme seg for hvor mye de vil være involvert, - som en bidragsyter, "
+"bruker eller administrator. Involverte inkluderer ikke bare dem som "
+"oppretter og bruker ressurser, men også dem som berøres av resultatet av "
+"bruk. Hvem du er påvirker hva du har å si, hvilke handlinger du kan utføre, "
+"og omfanget av beslutningstaking. I allmenninger, ere de fellesskapet som "
+"helhet administrerer ressursene. Ressurser lagt inn i felleseie ved å bruke "
+"Creative Commons krever at at brukerne krediterer den opprinnelige skaperen. "
+"Å vite personen bak en ressurs gjør fellesskapseie mindre anonymt og mer "
+"personlig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:498
-msgid "#### Norms and rules"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:504
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:506
+msgid "#### Norms and rules"
+msgstr "#### Normer og regler"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:511
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"disputter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:517
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"regulations, and laws. The state influences the norms and rules of the "
"market and commons through the rules it passes."
msgstr ""
+"Statlig myndighet er underlagt nasjonale regelverk. Normer knyttet til "
+"prioriteringer og beslutningsprosesser defineres av folkevalgte og "
+"parlamentarisk prosedyrer. Statlige føringer uttrykkes gjennom politiske "
+"vedtak, lover og regler. Staten påvirker normer og regler for markedet og "
+"allemannseie gjennom de reglene som lages."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:521
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"defined by the state."
msgstr ""
+"Markedets normer påvirkes av økonomi og konkurranse om knappe ressurser. "
+"Markedsreguleringene omfatter eierforhold, virksomheter og økonomiske lover "
+"definert av staten."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:528
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
msgstr ""
+"Som med markedet, kan et felleseie påvirkes av offentlig politikk, "
+"forskrifter og lover. Men normer og regler for et allemannseie er i det "
+"store og hele definert av det selv. De veier individuelle kostnader og "
+"fordeler - mot kostnader og fordeler for hele felleseiet. Det tas hensyn "
+"ikke bare til økonomisk effektivitet, men også tuk egenkapital og "
+"bærekraftighet.9"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:522
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:530
msgid "#### Goals"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Mål"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:535
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"how resources are used. Use is also influenced by the different goals the "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
+"Kombinasjonen av forhold vi har diskutert så langt, - de innebygde "
+"egenskapene, folk, prosesser, normer og regler - utformer hvordan ressursene "
+"brukes. Bruken påvirkes også av de ulike målene til stat, marked og "
+"allmenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:542
msgid ""
"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er fokus på å maksimere nytten av en ressurs. Hva vi betaler for "
+"varene vi forbruker sees på som et objektivt mål på den nytten de gir. Målet "
+"blir maksimere totale økonomiske pengeverdien.10 Forbrukte enheter forstås "
+"som salg, inntekter, fortjeneste og vekst, og alle disse er måter å måle "
+"markedet på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:549
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"resources toward these aims. State goals are reflected in quality of life "
"measures."
msgstr ""
+"Staten skal bruke og administrere ressurser på en måte som balanserer "
+"økonomi mot sosiale og kulturelle behov hos sine innbyggere. Helsetjenester, "
+"utdanning, jobb, miljø, transport, sikkerhet, arv og rettferdighet er alle "
+"fasetter av et sunt samfunn, og staten bruker sine ressurser får å nå disse "
+"målene. Statlige mål gjenspeiles i mål på livskvalitet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:556
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
+"I allmenninger er målet å maksimere tilgang, egenkapital, distribusjon, "
+"deltakelse, innovasjon og bærekraft. Vi kan måle suksess ved å se på hvor "
+"mange personer som har tilgang til, og bruker en ressurs; hvordan brukere er "
+"fordelt på kjønn, inntekt og hvor de er; om et fellesskap utvider og "
+"forbedrer de ressurser som lages; og om ressursene brukes på innovative "
+"måter til fordel for personlige og sosiale goder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:561
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"ability to strategically utilize and balance these different aspects of "
"managing resources."
msgstr ""
+"Som hybrid-kombinasjoner av fellesskapseie og marked eller staten, avhenger "
+"suksessen og bærekraften i alle våre referansestudier av tiltakenes evne til "
+"å strategisk bruke og balansere disse ulike aspektene ved sin "
+"ressurshåndtering."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:563
msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Commons korte historie"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:570
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"from consciousness and consideration. There are no news reports or speeches "
"about the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Å bruk av felleseie for å håndtere ressurser, er en del av et langt "
+"historiske kontinuum. Men i det moderne samfunn dominerer markedet og staten "
+"diskusjonen om hvordan ressurser best håndteres. Sjelden er allmenneie "
+"engang vurdert som et alternativ. Allmenneie har i stor grad forsvunnet fra "
+"bevissthet og omtanke. Det finnes ingen nyheter eller taler om allemenninger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:568
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:576
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the commons. "
"commons and its current renewal, it’s helpful to know something of its "
"history."
msgstr ""
+"Men mer enn 1,1 milliarder ressurser er lisensiert med Creative Commons "
+"verden over og er indikasjon på en grasrotbevegelse i retning allemannseie. "
+"Felleseie blomstrer opp. For å forstå motstandsdyktigheten til slik eie og "
+"den pågående fornyelsen, er det nyttig å vite noe om historien."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:577
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 "
"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
msgstr ""
+"I århundrer, håndterte urfolk og førindustrielle samfunn ressurser, "
+"inkludert vann, mat, brensel, vanning, fisk, vilt og mange andre ting, "
+"kollektivt som et felleseie.11 Det var intet marked, ingen verdensøkonomi. "
+"Staten, i form av herskere, påvirket allmenningene, men kontrollerte dem "
+"ikke. Direkte sosial deltakelse i en allmenning var primært måten ressurser "
+"ble styrt på og behov møtt. (Fig. 4 illustrerer allemannseie i forhold til "
+"stat og marked.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:588
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:596
msgid ""
"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
msgstr ""
+"Dette etterfølges av en lang historie der staten (monarkiet eller en "
+"makthaver) overtar allmenninger til sine egne formål. Dette kalles "
+"innkapsling av allemannseie.12 I gamle dager ble \"commoners\" kastet ut fra "
+"land, gjerder og hekker reist, lover og sikkerhet konfigurert til å forby "
+"adgang.13 Gradvis ble ressursene statens eiendom, og staten ble det primære "
+"verktøy for styring av disse ressursene. (Se Fig. 5)."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:608
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to cities. "
"living, improved health, and education. Fig. 6 shows how today the market is "
"the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
+"Eierskap tll land, vann og vilt ble distribuert til den herskende familien "
+"og politisk utvalgte. Vanlige borgere ble fordrevet fra landområdene og "
+"flyttet til byer. Med fremveksten av den industrielle revolusjonen ble "
+"landområder og ressurser solgt til bedrifter for å støtte produksjon. "
+"Folkevalgte forsamlinger overtok etterhvert fra monarkier. Vanlige borgere "
+"ble arbeidere som tjente penger ved å betjene maskiner i industrien. Finans, "
+"business og eiendomsrett ble omdannet av regjeringene å støtte markeder, "
+"vekst og produktivitet. Over tid ga tilgang til markedsproduserte varer en "
+"økende levestandard, bedre helse og utdanning. Fig. 6 viser hvordan markedet "
+"i dag er hovedmåten for ressurhåndtering."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:611
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:615
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
+"Men i dag går verden gjennom turbulente tider. Fordelene med markedet har "
+"blitt motvirket av ulik fordeling og rovdrift."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:624
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
+"Fiskeriressurser var tema for Garrett Hardin innflytelsesrike essay om \"The "
+"Tragedy of the Commons,\" publisert i Science i 1968. Hardin hevder at alle "
+"i et allmenneie søker å maksimere personlig vinning og vil fortsette å gjøre "
+"så selv når allmenningens grenser er nådd. Felleseiet blir så, tragisk nok, "
+"utarmet til et punkt hvor det ikke lenger understøtter noen. Hardins essay "
+"ble allment akseptert som en økonomisk sannhet og en begrunnelse for privat "
+"eiendom og frie markeder."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:641
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons work. "
"commons as an alternative to the market or state for solving problems of "
"collective action.14"
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:637
+"Men det er en alvorlig feil med Hardins \"The Tragedy av the Commons\"- det "
+"er fiksjon. Hardin studerer ikke faktisk hvordan virkelige felleseier "
+"fungerer. Elinor Ostrom vant Nobelprisen i økonomi i 2009 for sitt arbeid "
+"med å med studere allmenneier over hele verden. Ostroms arbeid viser at "
+"naturressurs-allmenninger kan behandles med godt resultat av lokalsamfunn "
+"uten regulering fra sentrale myndigheter eller uten privatisering. "
+"Regjeringen og privatisering er ikke de eneste to valgene. Det er en tredje "
+"vei: Styring av mennesker, der de som er direkte påvirket er direkte "
+"involvert. Naturressurser er en regional lokalitet. Folk i regionen er mest "
+"fortrolig med naturressursene, har den mest direkte relasjonen, og en "
+"historie knyttet til dem, og er derfor best plassert til å administrere den. "
+"Ostroms tilnærming til styringen av naturressurser brøt med konvensjonen; "
+"hun innså betydningen av felleseie som et alternativ til markedet eller "
+"staten for løsning av oppgaver med problemløsning som krever felles "
+"innsats.14"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:651
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure self-"
"while Hardin’s essay is called The Tragedy of the Commons it might more "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
+"Hardin mislyktes å vurdere den faktiske sosiale dynamikken ved felleseie. "
+"Hans modell antok at folk i allmenneier halet uavhengig av hveandre, ut fra "
+"ren egeninteresse, uten interaksjon eller ta andre i betraktning. Men som "
+"Ostrom fant, i virkeligheten, å håndtere felles ressurser sammen, danner et "
+"fellesskap og oppfordrer til meningsutveksling. Dette generer naturligvis "
+"normer og regler som hjelpe folk til å arbeide sammen og sikre et "
+"bærekraftig felleseie. Paradoksalt nok, mens Hardins essay kalles The "
+"tragedy of the Commons kanskje det mer nøyaktig burde ha tittelen The "
+"Tragedy of the Market."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:647
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:661
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible "
"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
msgstr ""
+"Hardins historie er basert på forutsetningen om begrensede ressurser. "
+"Økonomer har fokusert nesten utelukkende, på knapphet-baserte markeder. "
+"Svært lite er kjent om virkningene av overflod.15 Fremveksten av "
+"informasjonsteknologi og Internett har ført til en eksplosjon i digitale "
+"ressurser og nye måter for deling og distribusjon. Digitale ressursene kan "
+"aldri bli uttømt. Fravær av en teori eller modell for hvordan overflod "
+"fungerer, har ledet markedet til å gjøre digitale ressurser kunstig knappe, "
+"og gjøre det mulig å anvende markedets vanlige normer og regler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:652
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"funded digital works should be that they are freely and openly available to "
"the public that paid for them."
msgstr ""
+"Når det kommer til bruk av statlige bevilgninger til å lage digitale "
+"produkter, er det egentlig ingen begrunnelse for kunstig knapphet. Normen "
+"for statlig finansierte digitale arbeider skal være at de er fritt og åpent "
+"tilgjengelige for allmennheten som betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:654
-msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
msgstr ""
+"{width=\"6.5in\" "
+"height=\"3.389in\"}"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:658
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:671
+msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
+msgstr "### Den digitale revolusjonen"
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:675
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
+"I databehandlingens tidlige dager lærte programmerere og utviklere lært fra "
+"hverandre ved å dele programvare. På 80-tallet kodifiserte fri programvare-"
+"bevegelsen denne delingspraksisen til et sett med prinsipper og friheter:"
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Frihet til å kjøre et program som du ønsker, for ethvert formål."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"as you wish."
msgstr ""
+"Friheten til å studere hvordan et program fungerer (fordi tilgangen til "
+"kildekoden er frigitt), og endre den så den utfører databehandlingen din "
+"slik du ønsker."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Friheten til å redistribuere kopier."
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:666
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:683
msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
msgstr ""
+"Friheten til å distribuere kopier av dine modifiserte versjoner til andre.16"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:686
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
+"Disse prinsippene og friheter utgjør et sett av normer og regler som "
+"karakteriserer et digitalt felleseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:699
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
msgstr ""
+"I 1990, for å gjøre deling av kildekode og samarbeid mer tiltrekkende for "
+"selskaper, konverterte åpen-kildekode-programvare- initiativet prinsippene "
+"til lisenser og standarder for å håndtere tilgang til og distribusjon av "
+"programvare. Fordelene av åpen kildekode - som pålitelighet, skalerbarhet og "
+"kvalitet kontrollert av uavhengige fagfellevurderinger, ble anerkjent og "
+"akseptert. Kundene likte måten åpen kildekode ga dem kontroll uten blir låst "
+"inn i en lukket, proprietær teknologi. Gratis og åpen kildekode-programvare "
+"genereres også en nettverk-effekt der verdien av et produkt eller tjeneste "
+"øker med antall personer som bruker det.17 Den dramatiske veksten i selve "
+"Internettet skyldes mye til det faktum at ingen har en proprietær lås på "
+"kjernens Internett-protokoller."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:691
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
"Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"Mens åpen kildekode-programvare fungerer som et felleseie, bygget mange "
+"bedrifter og markeder seg rundt det. Forretningsmodeller basert på lisenser "
+"og standarder for åpen kilde-kode utviklet seg sammen med organisasjoner som "
+"håndterte programvarekode med prinsippene om overflod i stedet for knapphet. "
+"Eric Raymonds essay \"The Magic Cauldron\" gjør en stor jobb med å analysere "
+"økonomi- og forretningsmodellene forbundet med åpen kildekode.18 Disse "
+"modellene kan gi eksempler på bærekraftig tilnærminger for de som er laget "
+"med Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:719
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"others are excluded from accessing and using it without the creator’s "
"permission."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare om en rikelig tilgjengelighet av digitale ressurser, men "
+"også om en overflod av deltakelse. Veksten i personlige datamaskiner, "
+"informasjonsteknologi og Internett gjorde det mulig for massedeltakelse i "
+"produksjon av kreative arbeider og distribusjon av dem. Bilder, bøker, "
+"musikk og mange andre typer digitalt innhold kan nå lett opprettes og "
+"distribueres av nær sagt alle. Til tross for dette overflods-potensialet, er "
+"disse digitale arbeidene som standard ikke underlagt lovgivning om "
+"opphavsrett. Med opphavsrett, at et digitalt arbeid er eiendommen til den "
+"som har laget det, og etter loven, er andre ekskludert fra adgangen til og "
+"bruken det uten opphavspersonens tillatelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:725
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more "
"involved with the world.19"
msgstr ""
+"Men folk liker å dele. En av måtene vi definerer oss selv på er å dele "
+"verdifull og underholdende innhold. Dermed vokser og nærer relasjoner, vi "
+"søker å endre meninger, oppmuntrer til handing, og informerer andre om hvem "
+"vi er og hva vi bryr oss om. Deling lar oss føle oss mer involvert i "
+"verden.19"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:710
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:727
msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
+msgstr "### Creative Commons blir til"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:734
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, "
"standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
msgstr ""
+"I 2001, ble Creative Commons opprettet som et nonprofit opplegg for å støtte "
+"alle de som ønsket å dele digitalt innhold. En pakke med Creative Commons-"
+"lisenser var modellert etter de for programvare med åpen kilde-kode, men for "
+"bruk for digitalt innhold i stedet for programvarekode. Lisensene gir alle, "
+"fra individuelle skaperne til store selskaper og institusjoner, en "
+"standardisert måte for å gi opphavsretts-tillatelser for sitt skapende "
+"arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:748
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by lawyers. "
"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with "
"digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons-lisenser har en tre-lags design. Normer og regler for hver "
+"lisens uttrykkes først i fullt ut i det juridiske språket som brukes av "
+"advokater. Dette kalles den juridiske lisensteksten. Men siden de fleste "
+"bidragsytere og brukere ikke er advokater, lisensene har også en commons "
+"avtaletekst, som uttrykker tillatelsene i vanlig språk, som folk flest raskt "
+"kan lese og forstå. Det fungerer som et brukervennlig grensesnitt til den "
+"juridiske koden som ligger under. Det tredje laget er den maskinlesbare, som "
+"gjør det enkelt for Internettet å vite om et arbeid har en Creative Commons-"
+"lisens ved å uttrykke tillatelser på en måte som programvaresystemer, "
+"søkemotorer og andre typer teknologi kan forstå.20 Sett samlet sikrer disse "
+"tre lagene at skaperne, brukere, og selv nettområdet selv forstår normer og "
+"regler for digitalt innhold i et allemannseie."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:755
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
+"I 2015 var det over en milliard arbeider med Creative Common-lisens globalt. "
+"Disse arbeidene ble vist på nettet 136 milliard ganger. Folk bruker "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser på 34 språk over hele verden. Disse ressursene "
+"inkluderer bilder, illustrasjoner, forskningsartikler i tidsskrifter, "
+"pedagogiske ressurser, musikk og andre lydspor, og videoer."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:763
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our "
"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
msgstr ""
+"Individuelle kunstnere, fotografer, musikere og filmskapere bruker Creative "
+"Commons, men så også museer, regjeringer, kreative næringer, produsenter og "
+"forleggere. Millioner av nettsteder bruker CC-lisenser, inkludert store "
+"plattformer som Wikipedia og Flickr, og mindre som blogger.21 Brukere av "
+"Creative Commons er mangfoldige og går på tvers av mange ulike sektorer. ("
+"Våre referanseløsninger ble valgt for å reflektere det mangfoldet.)"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:773
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"commons aligns the free-culture movement with the free and open-source "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ser Creative Commons som en måte å dele en gave med andre, en måte for "
+"å bli kjent, eller en måte å gi en sosial fordel. Andre er bare forpliktet i "
+"forhold til normene knyttet til et allemannseie. Og for noen, er deltakelsen "
+"ansporet av gratis-kultur-bevegelsen, en sosial bevegelse som fremmer "
+"friheten til å distribuere og endre kreative arbeider. Gratis-kultur "
+"bevegelsen ser at allemannseie gir viktige fordeler sammenlignet med "
+"restriktive lover om opphavsrett. Denne grunnholdning til fri utveksling i "
+"en allmenning samstemmer gratis-kultur bevegelsen med den frie og åpen "
+"kildekode-programvare-bevegelsen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:779
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"resources at no cost, with legal permissions for anyone to freely access, "
"use, and modify."
msgstr ""
+"Over tid, har Creative Commons avfødt en hel rekke med åpne bevegelser, "
+"inkludert åpne pedagogiske ressurser, åpen tilgang, åpen vitenskap og åpne "
+"data. Målet har i alle tilfeller vært å demokratisere deltakelse og dele "
+"digitale ressurser kostnadsfritt, med juridiske tillatelser for alle for "
+"fritt å ha tilgang, bruke, og endre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:789
msgid ""
"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid for "
"them."
msgstr ""
+"Staten er i økende grad involvert i å støtte åpne bevegelser. The Open "
+"Government Partnership ble lansert i 2011 for å gi en internasjonal "
+"plattform for regjeringer til å bli mer åpne, ansvarlige og mottakelige i "
+"forhold til innbyggerne. Siden da har det vokst fra åtte deltakerlandene til "
+"sytti.22 I alle disse landene, arbeider regjeringen og det sivile samfunnet "
+"sammen om å utvikle og implementere ambisiøse åpen-regjering-reformer. "
+"Regjeringer adopterer i økende grad Creative Commons for å sikre at arbeid "
+"finansiert av skattebetalerne er åpent og gratis for det publikum som "
+"betalte for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:791
msgid "### The Changing Market"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Markedet i forandring"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:803
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural "
"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
msgstr ""
+"Dagens marked er i stor grad drevet av global kapitalisme. Lov og økonomiske "
+"systemer er strukturert for å støtte inntjening, privatisering og bedriftens "
+"vekst. En oppfatning at markedet er mer effektiv enn det offentlige har ført "
+"til en kontinuerlig privatisering av mange offentlige ressurser, "
+"hjelpemidler, tjenester og infrastruktur.23 Mens dette systemet har vært "
+"svært effektiv til å generere forbruk og vekst i bruttonasjonalproduktet, "
+"har innvirkningen på menneskets trivsel vært blandet. Motstykket til økende "
+"levestandard og forbedringer i helse og utdanning, er stadig økende "
+"ulikheter i rikdom, sosial ulikhet, fattigdom, forverring av vårt naturlige "
+"miljø, og demokratiske sammenbrudd.24"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:809
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and "
"community.25"
msgstr ""
+"I lys av disse utfordringene er det en voksende anerkjennelse av at BNP-"
+"veksten ikke bør være et mål i seg selv, at utvikling trenger å være sosialt "
+"og økonomisk inkluderende, at miljømessig bærekraft er en forutsetning ikke "
+"et alternativ, og at vi trenger å bedre balanse markedet, stat og samfunn.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public "
"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
msgstr ""
+"Disse erkjennelser har ført til en fornyet interesse i allemannseie som "
+"muliggjør en slik balanse. Byregjeringer, som italienske Bologna, "
+"samarbeider med sine innbyggere å få til forskrifter for omsorg for og "
+"modernisering av bymessige felleseier.26 Seoul og Amsterdam kaller seg \""
+"delingsbyer,\" når de søker etter å få til bærekraftig og mer effektiv bruk "
+"av knappe ressurser. De ser som en måte å forbedre bruken av offentlige rom, "
+"mobilitet, sosialt samhold og sikkerhet.27"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:834
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and "
"derive value from an asset."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:827
+"Markedet selv har tatt en interesse i delingsøkonomien, med bedrifter som "
+"Airbnb som gir et peer-to-peer markedet for kortvarig overnatting og Uber "
+"som gir en plattform for deling av bilturer. Mens Airbnb og Uber fortsatt i "
+"stor grad opererer med vanlige normer og regler i et marked, noe som gjør "
+"dem mindre som en felleseier mo mer som en tradisjonell virksomhet som søker "
+"finansiell inntjening. Mye av delingsøkonomien er ikke om allmennger eller å "
+"bygge et alternativ til en bedrifts-drevet markedsøkonomi; Det handler om å "
+"utvide det deregulerte frie markedet til nye områder i våre lives.28 Mens "
+"ingen av de vi intervjuet for våre referanseløsninger ville beskriver seg "
+"selv som en del av delingsøkonomien, er det faktisk noen viktige "
+"paralleller. Både delingsøkonomi og allmenneie gjøre bedre bruk av "
+"eiendelens kapasitet. Delingsøkonomien ser personlig beboere og biler som "
+"har en latent ekstra kapasitet med utleieverdi. Rettferdig tilgang på "
+"felleseier utvider og diversifiserer antall personer som kan bruke og få "
+"verdi ut av en eiendel."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:844
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything built on these "
"technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
msgstr ""
+"Enveis \"Made with Creative Commons\" referansestudier skiller seg fra "
+"delingsøkonomien med sine fokus på digitale ressurser. Digitale ressurser "
+"virker under ulike økonomiske regler enn de fysiske. I en verden hvor "
+"prisene alltid synes å gå opp, er informasjonsteknologi et avvik. "
+"Databehandlingsmakt, lagringsplass og båndbredde er alle raskt økende, men "
+"heller enn at kostnadene går opp, går kostnadene ned. Digital teknologi blir "
+"raskere, bedre og billigere. Kostnaden for noe som bygger på disse "
+"teknologiene vil alltid gå ned til nær null.29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:855
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
msgstr ""
+"De som lages med Creative Commons søker å utnytte de unike iboende "
+"egenskaper til digitale ressurser, inkludert å senke kostnadene. Bruken av "
+"digitale rettighetshånterte teknologier i form av låser, passord og "
+"kontroller for å hindre at digitale produkter fra å bli brukt, endret, "
+"kopiert og distribuert, er minimal eller ikke-eksisterende. I stedet brukes "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser til å legge digitalt innhold i felleseier, og ta "
+"fordelen ved av den unike økonomi som er knyttet til å være digital. Målet "
+"er å oppnå at digitale ressursene brukes så mye og av så mange som mulig. "
+"Maksimert tilgang og deltakelse er et felles mål. Deres mål er overflod "
+"fremfor knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, "
"devising their own economic models and practice."
msgstr ""
+"Den trinnvise kostnaden ved lagring, kopiering og distribusjon av digitale "
+"produkter er neste til null, og gjør overflod mulig. Men forestille et "
+"marked basert mer på overflod enn knapphet er så fremmed for måten vi tenker "
+"oss økonomisk teori og praksis, så vi strever imot å gjøre det.30 Det som er "
+"laget med Creative Commons er banebrytende i dette nye landskapet, og "
+"utformer sine egne økonomiske modeller og praksiser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:851
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:868
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"within the existing rules and norms of the market. And still others are "
"looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ønsker å minimere sin samhandling med markedet og operere så "
+"selvstendig som mulig. Andre opererer hovedsakelig som en virksomhet "
+"innenfor eksisterende regler og normer for markedet. Og andre igjen, søker "
+"etter muligheter til å endre normer og regler som markedet fungerer etter."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:879
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these alternative "
"market entities are changing the rules and norms of the market.32"
msgstr ""
+"For et vanlig aksjeselskap, er det vanskelig å få til sosial fordel med som "
+"en del av sin virksomhet, så det er lovpålagt å ta avgjørelser til økonomisk "
+"fordel aksjonærene. Men nye former for forretningsvirksomhet vokser frem. "
+"Det er veldedige sammenslutninger og sosiale foretak, som utvider sine "
+"forretningsmål fra å gjøre fortjeneste til å gjøre en positiv innvirkning "
+"på samfunnet, arbeidere, lokalsamfunnet og miljøet.31 Felles- og "
+"arbeidstaker-eide bedrifter, kooperativer, laug og andre organisasjonsformer "
+"er alternativer til tradisjonelle bedrifter. Samlet endrer disse alternative "
+"markedsaktørene markedets regler og normer.32"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:886
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
msgstr ""
+"\"En bok om åpne forretningsmodeller\" er hvordan vi beskrev det i denne "
+"bokens Kickstarter-kampanje. Vi brukte en håndbok kalt \"Business Model "
+"Generation\" som vår referanse for å definere hva en forretningsmodell er. "
+"Utviklet over ni år med en \"åpen prosess\" som involverte 470 medforfattere "
+"fra 45 land, er den nyttig som et rammeverk for å omtale "
+"forretningsmodeller.33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:895
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
"start-ups plan their economic model."
msgstr ""
+"Den inneholder et \"lerret for forretningsmodeller\", som oppfatter at en "
+"forretningsmodell har ni byggestener.34 Dette tomme lerretet kan tjene som "
+"et verktøy for alle som vil lage sine egen forretningsmodell. Vi remikset "
+"dette lerretet for forretningsmodeller til et lerret for en åpen "
+"virksomhetsmodell, og la til tre flere byggeklosser passende for "
+"fellesskapsbedrifter i et hybrid marked: Sosial nytte, Creative Commons-"
+"lisens, og \"type åpent miljø som virksomheten passer i\".35 Dette "
+"forbedrede lerret viste seg nyttig når vi analyserte bedrifter, og hjalp "
+"grundere å planlegge sin økonomiske modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:906
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
"Commons use business speak; for some the process has been experimental, "
"emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a predefined model."
msgstr ""
+"I intervjuene i vår studie, uttrykte mange ubehag over å beskrive seg selv "
+"som å ha en åpen forretningsmodell - begrepet forretningsmodell foreslo "
+"primært å være plassert i markedet. Hvor du er plassert i spektret, fra "
+"felleseie - til marked, påvirker i hvilken grad du ser deg selv som en "
+"markedsbedrift. Jo mer sentralt for oppgaven delte ressurs- og allemannseie-"
+"verdiene er, jo mindre komfortabelt er det å beskrive seg, eller vise til "
+"hva du gjør, som en bedrift. Ikke alle som har oppgaver laget med Creative "
+"Commons bruker forretningsspråk; for noen har prosessen heller vært "
+"eksperimentell, vokst frem og organisk, enn nøye planlagt ved hjelp av en "
+"forhåndsdefinert modell."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:917
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
"than one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
+"Bidragsyterne, bedrifter og organisasjoner vi profiler er alle engasjere i "
+"markedet for å generere inntekter på ulik måte. Hvordan dette gjøres "
+"varierer mye. Donasjoner, Betal hva du kan, Medlemskap, \"Digitalt gratis "
+"men fysisk for betaling, \"fellesfinansiering, matchmaking, verdiøkende "
+"tjenester, beskyttere ... listen fortsetter og fortsetter. (Første "
+"beskrivelse av hvordan å skaffe inntekt fremgår av referansenoten. Om "
+"seneste tenkning om det se \"Hvordan bringe inn penger\" i neste seksjon.)36 "
+"Det er ingen enkel, magisk kule, og hver oppgave har utviklet måter som "
+"passer for den. De fleste gjør bruk av mer enn én måte. Å diversifisere "
+"inntektsstrømmer reduserer risikoen og gir flere veier til bærekraft."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:902
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:919
msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Fordelene med Digital Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:924
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"why the market would engage with the commons. The digital commons offers "
"many benefits."
msgstr ""
+"Mens det kan være klart hvorfor felleseie-baserte organisasjoner ønsker å "
+"samhandle og engasjere seg med markedet (de trenger penger for å overleve), "
+"kan det være mindre opplagt hvorfor markedet vil engasjere med felleseier. "
+"Digitale allmenneier tilbyr mange fordeler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:931
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"to. Those that are Made with Creative Commons have a reduced need for sales "
"or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
msgstr ""
+"Felleseiene setter fart på formidlingen. Fri flyt av ressurser i felleseier "
+"tilbyr enorme stordriftsfordeler. Distribusjon er desentralisert, når alle "
+"de i felleseiet har myndighet til å dele ressursene de har tilgang til. Det "
+"som er laget med Creative Commons har et redusert behov for salg eller "
+"markedsføring. Desentralisert distribusjon forsterker leveranse og "
+"ekspertise."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:925
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:942
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before access. "
"commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and promotes "
"inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
+"Commons sikrer tilgang for alle. Markedet har tradisjonelt operert ved å "
+"sette ressurser bak en betalingsvegg og krever betaling før tilgang. "
+"Felleseier åpner ressursene, og gir tilgang med en gang og uten betaling. De "
+"som er laget med Creative Commons gjøre lite eller ingen bruk av digital "
+"rettighetsadministrasjon (DRM) til å administrere ressurser. Ved ikke å "
+"bruke DRM frigjøres kostnadene ved å anskaffe DRM-teknologi og "
+"arbeidsressurser til å engasjere seg i straffepraksis knyttet til "
+"adgangsbegrensning. Måten fellesskapet gir tilgang til alle, jevner ut "
+"spillefeltet og fremmer inkludering, rettferdighet og redelighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:953
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and "
"many other socially beneficial practices."
msgstr ""
+"Allemannseie maksimerer deltakelse. Ressurser i felleseier kan brukes og er "
+"åpen for medvirkning av og fra alle. Å bruke andres ressurser, bidra med "
+"ditt eget, og blande ditt med andres for å skape nye arbeider er alle "
+"dynamiske skjemaer for deltakelse som er gjort mulig av commons. Å gjøre med "
+"Creative Commons betyr at du engasjerer så mange brukere av dine ressursene "
+"som mulig. Brukerne godkjenner, redigerer, remikser, heler, lokaliserer, "
+"oversetter og distribuerer. Felleseie gjør det mulig for folk direkte å "
+"delta i kulturer, kunnskapsbygging, til og med demokrati, og mange andre "
+"former for samfunnsnyttige praksis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:965
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, "
"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie sporer til innovasjon. Ressurser i hånden på flere personer som "
+"kan bruke dem, fører til nye ideer. Måten felleseide ressurser kan endres, "
+"tilpasses, og bedre resultatene i avledede arbeider som den "
+"opprinnelsespersonen aldri hadde forestilt seg. Noen bestrebelser i Creative "
+"Commons oppfordrer bevisst brukere til å fornye de delte ressursene. Dermed "
+"flyttes forskning og utvikling (R&D) blir utelukkende utføres innenfor "
+"organisasjonen til å være i fellesskapet.37 Fellesskap-basert innovasjon vil "
+"holde en organisasjon eller virksomhet på tærne. Den må fortsette å bidra "
+"med nye ideer, absorbere og bygge videre på toppen av andres innovasjoner og "
+"forvaltere ressursene3 og forholdet til fellesskapet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:958
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:975
msgid ""
"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
"digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and "
"build on their work both locally and globally."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie øker rekkevidde og slagkraft. Digital commons er global. "
+"Ressurser kan opprettes for et lokalt eller regionalt behov, men de går vidt "
+"og bredt og genererer en global effekt. I den digitale verden er det ingen "
+"grenser mellom landene. Når du er i Made with reative Commons, er du ofte "
+"lokalt og globalt samtidig: Digital design som globalt distribueres men er "
+"laget og produsert lokalt. Digitale bøker eller musikk distribueres globalt, "
+"men opplesninger og konserter utført lokalt. Digitale felleseier forstørrer "
+"virkningen ved å koble bidragsyterne til dem som bruker og bygger videre på "
+"deres arbeid både lokalt og globalt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:987
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to "
"the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
msgstr ""
+"Allmenneie er generativt. I stedet for trekke ut verdi, tilfører felleseie "
+"verdi. Digitaliserte ressurser blir ikke oppbrukt, men er der fortsatt, - og "
+"ved bruk, forbedret, tilpasset og lokalisert. Hvert bruk tilfører verdi. "
+"Markedet fokuserer på å generere verdi for virksomheten og kunden. "
+"Felleseier genererer verdi for et bredere spekter av mottakere inkludert "
+"virksomheten, forbrukeren, innholdsleverandøren, publikum og allmenneiet "
+"selv. Allmenneiets generative natur betyr at det er mer kostnadseffektivt og "
+"gir en høyere avkastning på investeringen. Verdi er ikke bare målt "
+"finansielt. Hver ny ressurs som legges til allmenningen gir verdi til "
+"publikum og bidrar til den samlede verdien av felleseiene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:983
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1000
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies "
"people."
msgstr ""
+"Allemannseier fører folk sammen for en felles sak. Allmenneier binder folk "
+"sammen om ansvaret for å administrere ressursene som et felles gode. "
+"Kostnader og fordeler for den enkelte balanseres med kostnader og fordeler "
+"for samfunnet og for fremtidige generasjoner. Ressursene er ikke anonyme "
+"eller masseproduserte. Opprinnelse er kjent og anerkjent gjennom "
+"henvisninger og andre virkemidler. De som er laget med Creative Commons "
+"genererer oppmerksomhet og omdømme basert på deres bidrag til fellesskapet. "
+"Innflytelsen og bærekraften til disse bidragene hviler i stor grad på deres "
+"evne til å etablere relasjoner og forbindelser med dem som bruker og "
+"forbedrer dem. Allemannseie forener folk ved å virke ut fra sitt sosiale "
+"engasjement, og ikke bed utveksling av penger."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"enterprises, choosing to manage resources as a commons ought to be the "
"option of choice."
msgstr ""
+"Fordelene ved allmenninger mange. Når disse fordelene knyttes sammen med "
+"enkeltpersoners mål, samfunn, bedrifter i markedet, eller statlige "
+"virksomheter, burde det å administrere ressurser som et felleseie, være det "
+"valgte alternativet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1007
msgid "### Our Case Studies"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Våre referansestudier"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1016
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, "
"and are not just about the financial bottom line."
msgstr ""
+"I våre referanseløsninger opererer Innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner og "
+"bedrifter både som ideelle eller inntektsgivende organisasjoner, og som "
+"sosiale foretak. Uansett rettslig status har de alle sosiale oppdrag. Deres "
+"viktigste grunn til å være til, er å gjøre verden til et bedre sted, ikke "
+"for fortjenesten. Penger er et middel til å nå sosiale mål, og er ikke selv "
+"sluttmålet. De produserer en offentlig interesse for beslutninger, atferd og "
+"praksis. Transparens og tillit er svært viktig. Virkning og suksess måles "
+"mot sosiale målene uttrykt i idégrunnlaget, og gjelder ikke bare den "
+"finansielle bunnlinjen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1022
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are "
"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
msgstr ""
+"Referanse-studiene er basert på fortellingene vi ble fortalt av grunnleggere "
+"og viktige ansatte. I stedet for utelukkende ha økonomi som mål på suksess "
+"og bærekraft, understreket de sin oppgave, praksis og metodene som de måler "
+"suksess etter. Beregninger av suksess er en blanding av hvordan sosiale "
+"målene er nådd, og hvor bærekraftig organisasjonen er."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1030
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"physical resources. Others are born digital but can be made into physical "
"resources."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referansestudier er mangfoldige og spenner fra publisering - til "
+"utdanning og produksjon. Alle organisasjoner, bedrifter, og "
+"innholdsleverandører i studiene produserer digitale ressurser. Disse "
+"ressursene finnes i mange former, inkludert bøker, design, sanger, "
+"forskning, data, kulturelle uttrykk, undervisningsmateriell, grafiske ikoner "
+"og video. Noen er digitale representasjoner av fysiske ressurser. Andre er "
+"opprinnelig digitale men kan gjøres i fysiske ressurser."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1037
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"their preservation, curation, distribution, and enhancement. Access and "
"participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
msgstr ""
+"De skaper nye ressurser, eller bruker andres ressurser, eller kombinerer "
+"eksisterende ressurser for å lage noe nytt. De, og deres publikum, har alle "
+"en direkte, deltakende rolle i å håndtere disse ressursene, inkludert å ta "
+"vare på, bevare, distribuere og forbedre. Tilgang og deltakelse er åpen for "
+"alle uavhengig av økonomiske midler."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1042
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"from nearly every continent in the world. To build and interact within this "
"global community is conducive to success."
msgstr ""
+"Som brukere av Creative Commons-lisenser, er de automatisk en del av et "
+"globalt samfunn. De nye digitale allmenneiene er globale. De vi har løftet "
+"frem kommer fra nesten alle verdens kontinenter. For å bygge og samhandle i "
+"dette globale samfunnet leder til suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1053
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be transparent. Defend the "
"commons."
msgstr ""
+"Creative Commons-lisenser kan uttrykke juridiske regler rundt bruken av "
+"ressurser i en allmenning, men suksess i felleseier krever mer enn å følge "
+"lovens bokstav og skaffe økonomiske midler. Igjen og igjen hørte vi i våre "
+"intervjuer hvordan suksess og bærekraft er knyttet til et sett av tro, "
+"verdier og prinsipper som ligger til grunn for deres handlinger: Gi mer enn "
+"du tar. Være åpen og inkluderende. Legge til verdi. Gjør synlig hva du "
+"bruker fra felleseier og hva du legger til og hva som er økonomisk. "
+"Maksimere overfloden. Henvis. Vis takknemlighet. Utvikle tillit; ikke "
+"utnytt. Bygg relasjoner og samfunn. Være transparent. Forsvar allmenneier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1060
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
"market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
+"Nye digitale felleseier er her å bli. Referansestudiene om Made With "
+"Creative Commons om hvordan det er mulig å være del av dette felleseie mens "
+"en fortsatt er i markedet og i statlig systemer. Allmenneie genererer "
+"fordeler verken markedet eller staten kan oppnå på egen hånd. Heller enn at "
+"markedet eller staten dominerer som primærinstans for ressursforvaltning, så "
+"er et mer balansert alternativ mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1067
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"digital commons. The remaining sections go deeper providing further guidance "
"and insights on how it works."
msgstr ""
+"Bedriftenes bruk av Creative Commons har bare såvidt begynt. Case-studiene i "
+"denne boken er bare startpunktet. De er i endring og utvikles over tid. "
+"Mange kommer med og finner nye modeller. Denne oversikten har som mål å gi "
+"rammeverk og språk for å tenke og snakke om nye digitale felleseier. De "
+"påfølgende kapitlene går dypere inn og gir ytterligere veiledning og innsikt "
+"i hvordan dette virker."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1069
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2269
msgid "### Notes"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Merknader"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
msgstr ""
+"Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Köhler, 2013), 14."
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
msgstr ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 15."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 15."
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 145."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 145."
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid "Ibid., 175."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Ibid., 175."
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
msgstr ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” i Governing Knowledge Commons, eds. "
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg (New "
+"York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
msgstr ""
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed bøker, 2014), 93."
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
msgid ""
"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
"Knowledge Commons, 59."
msgstr ""
+"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” i Frischmann, Madison, og Strandburg, Governing "
+"Knowledge Commons, 59."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1152
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
" a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
-" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press,\n"
-" 2015), 201–4.\n"
+" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
+" 201–4.\n"
"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
" 22, 2016.\n"
"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n"
" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
-" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media,\n"
-" 2001), www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
+" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
+" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n"
-" September 24,\n"
-" 2016, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
+" September 24, 2016,\n"
+" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
-" City of Bologna,\n"
-" 2014), www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n"
" available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
-"34. This business model canvas is available to download\n"
-" at strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
+"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n"
+" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
-" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online\n"
-" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
+" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
-" Questions\n"
-" at docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
+" Questions at\n"
+" docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
-" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available\n"
-" at medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
msgstr ""
+"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
+"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
+" a Post-Carbon Economy,” i Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
+" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
+" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
+" 201–4.\n"
+"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; og Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
+" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
+" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
+"12. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78.\n"
+"13. Fritjof Capra og Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal\n"
+" System in Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA:\n"
+" Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; og Bollier, Think Like a\n"
+" Commoner, 88.\n"
+"14. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, og Katherine J.\n"
+" Strandburg, “Governing Knowledge Commons,” i Frischmann, Madison,\n"
+" and Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12.\n"
+"15. Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” i Elliott and\n"
+" Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203.\n"
+"16. “What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software\n"
+" Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30,\n"
+" 2016, www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.\n"
+"17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” senes endret i november\n"
+" 22, 2016.\n"
+"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” i The Cathedral and the\n"
+" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
+" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
+" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
+"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
+" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
+" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
+"20. “Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30,\n"
+" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n"
+"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
+" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
+"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” senest endret September "
+"24, 2016,\n"
+" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
+"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
+"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
+"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
+" Statement” accessed February 15, 2017,\n"
+" sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\n"
+"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
+" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
+" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
+" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
+" www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-"
+"collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-"
+"urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
+"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
+" Sharing City, gå til www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
+"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
+" York: OR Books, 2015), 42.\n"
+"29. Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by\n"
+" Giving Something for Nothing, Reprint med nytt forord. (New York:\n"
+" Hyperion, 2010), 78.\n"
+"30. Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of\n"
+" Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism\n"
+" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 273.\n"
+"31. Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next\n"
+" American Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a\n"
+" Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up (White River\n"
+" Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39.\n"
+"32. Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership\n"
+" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n"
+" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n"
+"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
+" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). Forhåndslesing av boken er "
+"mulig hos strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
+"34. Dette opplegget for forretningsmodell kan lastes ned hos\n"
+" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
+"35. Vi har åpnet “Open Business Model Canvas,” designet av medforfatter Paul "
+"Stacey, tilgjengelig på nettet her "
+"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit."
+"\n"
+" Du kan også finne det tilhørende Open Business Model Canvas\n"
+" Questions på\n"
+" "
+"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit."
+"\n"
+"36. En mer omfattende liste over inntektsstrømmer er tilgjengelig i denne "
+"posten jeg skrev i Medium 6. mars 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
+" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, tilgjengelig herfra:\n"
+" medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-"
+"how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
+"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
+" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
+" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1154
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1171
msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Hvordan bli laget med Creative Commons"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1156
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1173
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1187
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"endeavors share their work—whether it’s open data or furniture designs—in a "
"way that enables the public not only to access it but also to make use of it."
msgstr ""
+"Da vi startet dette prosjektet i August 2015, startet vi for å skrive en bok "
+"om forretningsmodeller som i noe omfang involverer Creative Commons-lisenser "
+"- det vi kaller Made With Creative Commons. Ved hjelp av våre Kickstarter-"
+"støttespillere valgte vi tjuefire arbeidsopplegg fra hele verden laget med "
+"Creative Commons. Blandingen er variert, fra en enkelt musiker til en "
+"utgiver av lærebøker for universitetet, over til en elektronikkprodusent. "
+"Noen lager sitt eget innhold og deler under Creative Commons lisensiering. "
+"Andre er plattformer for CC-lisensierte kreative arbeider gjort av andre. "
+"Mange sitter et sted imellom både som bruker og som bidragsyter til skapende "
+"arbeid som er delt med offentligheten. Som for alle som bruker lisensene, er "
+"disse oppleggene for å dele sitt arbeid, - enten det er åpne dataprogrammer "
+"eller møbeldesign - på en måte som gjør at offentligheten ikke bare å får "
+"tilgang til dem, men også å kan bruke den."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1196
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"Commons. In our interviews, we dug into the motivations, the role of CC "
"licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
msgstr ""
+"Vi analyserte inntektsmodeller, kundesegmenter og forslag til verdier for "
+"hver oppgave. Vi søkte etter måter som, ved å sette innholdet under Creative "
+"Commons-lisense, hjalp til å øke salget eller øke utbredelsen. Å bruker "
+"tradisjonelle tiltak for økonomisk suksess, prøvde vi å kartlegge disse "
+"forretningsmodeller slik at de meningsfullt kunne inkluderes i "
+"innvirkningen av Creative Commons. I våre intervjuer gikk vi inn i "
+"motivasjonen, rollen CC til lisenser, ulike former for inntekter, og "
+"definisjoner av suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1200
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"research."
msgstr ""
+"På relativt kort tid skjønte vi boken vi gikk ut for å skrive, var ganske "
+"forskjellig fra den som dukket frem i våre intervjuer og forskning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1191
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1208
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"What we didn’t realize was just how misguided it would be to write a book "
"about being Made with Creative Commons using only a business lens."
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke at vi tok feil i å tro at du kan tjene penger når du bruker "
+"Creative Commons-lisenser. I mange tilfeller hjelpe CC til å tjene mer "
+"penger. Heller ikke tok vi feil i at det er forretningsmodeller der ute som "
+"andre, som ønsker å bruke CC-lisenser som en del av sitt levebrød eller sin "
+"bedrift, kan benytte. Hva vi skjønte var hvor misforstått det ville være å "
+"skrive en bok om Made with Creative Commons og bare bruker "
+"forretningsvirksomhet som fokus."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1216
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to "
"mean.”"
msgstr ""
+"Ifølgeden banebrytende håndboken Business Model Generation, en "
+"forretingsmodell som \"beskriver begrunnelsen for hvordan en organisasjon "
+"skaper, leverer og fanger inn verdi.\"1 Tenking om deling i betydningen å "
+"skape og fange inn verdier, føltes alltid uriktig transaksjonsbasert og "
+"malplassert, noe vi hørt gang på gang i våre intervjuer. Og som Cory "
+"Doctorow fortalt oss i vårt intervju med ham, \"forretningsmodell kan bety "
+"alt dere mener det skal bety.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1221
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"piece of our analysis (and in more detail in the case studies), we scrapped "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
+"Til slutt fikk vi det inn. Made with Creative Commons er mer enn en "
+"forretningsmodell. Mens vi vil snakke om bestemte inntektsmodeller som en "
+"del av vår analyse (og mer detaljert i referansestudiene), skrotet vi det "
+"som som vår styrende overskrift for boken."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1229
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"interacted. But there is no formula. You’ll probably have to discard that "
"way of thinking before you read any further."
msgstr ""
+"Riktignok er tok det lang tid for meg å komme dit. Når Paul og jeg delt opp "
+"vår skriving etter avsluttet forskning, var mitt ansvar å løfte frem alt vi "
+"lært fra referansestudiene og skrive opp praktiske leksjoner og snarveier. "
+"Jeg tilbrakte måneder med å prøve å få frem det vi lærte i boksen for "
+"forretningsmodell, overbevist om det var en formel for hvordan ting hang "
+"sammen. Men det var ingen formel. Du vil sannsynligvis måtte kaste den måten "
+"å tenke på før du leser videre."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
msgid ""
"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"revenue model later. This was our first hint that writing a book solely "
"about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
msgstr ""
+"I hver intervju startet vi med de samme enkle spørsmålene. Blant alle "
+"variasjonene hos bidragsytere, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi gjennomgikk, "
+"det var det en konstant. Made with Creative Commons kan være bra for "
+"forretningen, men det er ikke derfor de de gjør det. Å dele arbeidet med "
+"Creative Commons, er i bunn og grunn en moralsk beslutning. Kommersielle og "
+"andre fordeler i egeninteresse er sekundære. De fleste besluttet å bruke CC "
+"lisenser først, og fant en omsetning modell senere. Dette var vårt første "
+"hint, at å skrive en bok bare om virkningen av deling i ett "
+"forretningspespektiv kan være litt utenfor sporet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1245
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
"that symbolism has many layers."
msgstr ""
+"Men vi har også begynt å innse noe om hva det betyr å være Made with "
+"Creative Commons. Når folk snakket med oss om hvordan og hvorfor de brukte "
+"CC, ble det klart at det betydde noe mer enn å bruke en lisens for "
+"opphavsrett. Det representerte og et verdisett. Det er symbolikk bak å bruke "
+"CC, og den symbolikken har mange lag."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1256
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"something to contribute, and that no one can own our shared culture. They "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
+"På ett nivå uttrykker Made with Creative Commons en tilknytning til "
+"betydningen av Creative Commons. Mens det er mange forskjellige variasjoner "
+"av CC lisenser, og nesten uendelige måter for å være Made with Creative "
+"Commons, den grunnleggende verdisystemet er forankret i en grunnleggende tro "
+"på at kunnskap og kreativitet er byggesteinene i vår kultur, heller enn bare "
+"varer som har en markedsverdi som gir inntekt. Disse verdiene gjenspeiler "
+"troen på at fellesgodet alltid bør være en del av sammenhengen når vi "
+"bestemmer hvordan vi regulerer vår kulturelle produksjon. De gjenspeiler en "
+"tro på at alle har noe å bidra med, og at ingen kan eie vår felles kultur. "
+"De gjenspeiler en tro på løftet om å dele."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
"an impersonal market transaction. It leaves open the possibility of "
"connection."
msgstr ""
+"Om publikum gjør bruk av muligheten til å kopiere og tilpasse sitt arbeid, "
+"er å dele med en Creative Commons-lisens et symbol på hvordan du skal "
+"kommunisere med personer som bruker ditt arbeidet. Når du oppretter noe, er "
+"\"alle rettigheter reservert\" med opphavsrett automatisk, så "
+"opphavsrettsymbolet (©) på arbeidet formidles ikke nødvendigvis som en "
+"markør av mistro eller overdreven proteksjonisme. Men å bruke en CC-lisens "
+"kan være et symbol på det motsatte - av at en ønsker en ekte menneskelig "
+"relasjon, i stedet for en upersonlig markedstansaksjon. Det etterlater en "
+"åpen mulighet for forbindelse."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1272
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
+"Made with Creative Commons viser ikke bare verdiene med CC og å dele. Det "
+"viser også at noe annet enn at profitt driver hva man gjør. I våre "
+"intervjuer spurte vi alltid hva suksess var for dem. Det var overraskende "
+"hvor sjelden penger ble nevnt. De fleste har en dypere hensikt og et annet "
+"syn på suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
msgid ""
"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal "
"use and meaning.”"
msgstr ""
+"Motivasjonen varierer avhengig av hva en skal oppnå. For individuelle "
+"innholdsleverandører er det oftest en personlig inspirasjon. På noen måter "
+"er dette ikke noe nytt. Som Doctorow har skrevet, \"skapere starter "
+"vanligvis å gjøre hva de gjør av kjærlighet.\"2 Men når du deler din "
+"skapende arbeid under en CC-lisens, er denne dynamikken enda mer uttalt. "
+"Tilsvarende for teknologiske innovatører, gjelder det ofte mindre å skape en "
+"bestemt ny ting som vil gjøre deg rik men mer om å løse et bestemt problem "
+"du har. Skaperne av Arduino fortalte oss at de viktigste spørsmålet når du "
+"oppretter noe er \"vil du som lager det, bruke det? Det må ha en personlig "
+"bruk og betydning.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1275
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1292
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"with a straight face if they weren’t willing to show the world that it was "
"OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
+"Mange som bruker Made with Creative Commons har et uttrykt sosialt formål "
+"som underbygger alt de gjør. I mange tilfeller gir å dele med Creative "
+"Commons klare fremskritt for dette sosiale formålet, og å bruke lisensene "
+"kan være forskjellen mellom legitimitet og hykleri. Medgrunnlegger Edward "
+"Boatman i Noun Project fortalte at de ikke kunne ha formulert sitt "
+"samfunnsoppdrag med å dele med ansiktet i riktige folder hvis de ikke var "
+"villig til å vise verden at det var OK å dele innholdet med en Creative "
+"Commons-lisens."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1283
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1300
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"where profit is not paramount, and producing social good and human "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
+"Denne dynamikken er nok en grunn til hvorfor det er så mange nonprofit "
+"eksempler på Made with Creative Commons. Innholdet er resultatet av en "
+"innsats en føler mye for eller et verktøy for å oppnå sosial endring, og "
+"penger er som gassen i bilen, noe som du må holde i gang, men ikke er et mål "
+"i seg selv. Made with Creative Commons er et annet syn på en bedrift eller "
+"et levebrød, der profitt ikke er avgjørende, men å produsere et sosial gode "
+"og menneskelig tilknytning er en integrert del for å oppnå suksess."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1287
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1304
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om profitt ikke er sluttmålet, må det bringes penger inn for å være "
+"velykket med Made with Creative Commons. Som et absolutt minimum må du tjene "
+"nok til å holde lysene påslått."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1314
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"the fact that it’s possible to run a business that gets the same amount of "
"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
msgstr ""
+"Kostnadene for å gjøre forretninger varierer ved bruk av CC, men det er "
+"vanligvis en mye lavere terskel for lønnsomhet enn det pleide å være for "
+"kreative innsatser. Digital teknologi har gjort det enklere enn noensinne å "
+"lage og enklere enn noensinne å distribuere. Som Doctorow skrev i sin bok \""
+"Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free\", \"Hvis analoge dollar har snudd til "
+"digitale skillemynt (som kritikere av annonse-støttede media vil ha det til)"
+", er det det faktum at det er mulig å drive en forretning som får samme "
+"mengde reklame som sine forgjengere til en brøkdel av prisen.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1325
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the "
"creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
msgstr ""
+"Noen igangsettingskostnader er de samme som de alltid har vært. Det tar like "
+"mye tid og penger til å skrive en fagfellevurdert tidsskriftsartikkel eller "
+"male et maleri. Teknologi endrer ikke på det. Men andre kostnader er "
+"dramatisk redusert med teknologi, særlig i produksjon-tunge områder som "
+"filmproduksjon.3 CC-lisensiert innhold og innhold i den offentlige sfæren, "
+"samt arbeidet til frivillige samarbeidspartnere, kan også redusere kostnader "
+"hvis de brukes som ressurser til å lage noe nytt. Og, selvfølgelig, er det "
+"realiteten at noe innhold lages enten den som lager det blir betalt eller "
+"ikke, fordi det lages ut fra overbevisning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1318
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1335
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways "
"money is being made, like touring or custom training."
msgstr ""
+"Å distribuere innhold er nesten universelt billigere enn noensinne. Når "
+"innhold er laget, er kostnadene ved å distribuere kopier digitalt egentlig "
+"null.4 Kostnadene til å distribuere fysisk kopier er fortsatt betydelige, "
+"men lavere enn de har vært sett historisk. Og det er nå mye enklere å skrive "
+"ut og distribuere fysiske kopier på forespørsel, noe som også reduserer "
+"kostnadene. Avhengig av oppgaven, det kan være en hel rekke andre utgifter "
+"som markedsføring og promotering, og selv utgifter forbundet med ulike måter "
+"pengene kommer inn på, som reising eller tilpasset opplæring."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of "
"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
msgstr ""
+"Det er viktig å innse at den største effekten av teknologi for kreative "
+"oppgaver er at bidragsyterne nå selv kan stå for kostnadene for å utføre "
+"oppgaven og distribusjonen. Ofte har folk selv nå en direkte rute til sitt "
+"potensielle publikum uten nødvendigvis å trenge mellomledd som "
+"plateselskaper og bokutgivere. Doctorow skrev, \"Hvis du er en "
+"innholdsleverandør som aldri fikk et klokkeslettet fra en av de store "
+"imperialistiske maktene, dette er din tid. Der en gang du ikke hadde noen "
+"mulighet til å nå ut til et publikum uten hjelp av industri-dominerte mega-"
+"selskaper, nå har hundrevis av måter å gjøre det på uten dem\"5 Tidligere "
+"innebar distribusjon av skapende arbeid kostnadene knyttet til å "
+"opprettholde en monolittisk enhet, nå kan skaperne gjøre dette arbeidet "
+"selv. Det betyr at de finansielle forutsetningene for kreativt innhold kan "
+"være mye mer beskjedne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1359
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
"grandiose word for it. It is really just about keeping the operation going "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
+"Enten det er for en individuell bidragsyter eller en større oppgave, er det "
+"vanligvis ikke nok til å gå i balanse om det en ønsker å gjøre, skal bli et "
+"levebrød. Du må bygge inn noen støtte til generell drift. Denne ekstra "
+"delen ser ulikt ut for alle, men viktigere, i nesten alle tilfeller de som "
+"er \"Made with Creative Commons\", er definisjonen av \"nok penger\" mye "
+"annerledes enn i verden av risikovillig kapital og aksjeopsjoner. Det er mer "
+"om bærekraft og mindre om ubegrenset vekst og fortjeneste. Som SparkFun "
+"grunnlegger Nathan Seidle fortalte oss, \"Forretningsmodell er et virkelig "
+"store ord for det. Det gjelder egentlig bare å holde operasjonen gående fra "
+"dag til dag.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1365
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"profile in this book are blazing the trail and adapting in real time as they "
"pursue this new way of operating."
msgstr ""
+"Denne boken er et testament til ideen om at det er mulig å tjene penger mens "
+"du bruker CC-lisenser og CC-lisensiert innhold, men vi er fortsatt svært mye "
+"på eksperimentstadiet. Innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner, og bedrifter "
+"som vi profilerer i denne boken, blitser opp veien videre i sanntid når de "
+"forfølger denne nye måten å operere på."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"“problem zero.”"
msgstr ""
+"Det er imidlertid mange måter der CC-lisenser kan være bra for forretningen "
+"på ganske forutsigbare måter. Først, hvordan hjelper det å løse \"problem "
+"null.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1371
msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Problem Zero: Å bli oppdaget"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1386
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to "
"the masses."
msgstr ""
+"Når du oppretter eller samler ditt innhold, er det neste trinnet er å finne "
+"brukere, kunder, fans - med andre ord, folk. Som Amanda Palmer skrev, er\""
+"Det må starte med kunsten. Sangene måtte røre folk først, og mene noe, om "
+"noe skal virke i det hele tatt.\"6 Det er ikke noe magi å finne dine, og det "
+"er absolutt ingen formel. Arbeidet ditt er å få kontakt med folk og tilby "
+"dem noe med kunstnerisk og/eller nytteverdi. På noen måter er det enklere "
+"enn noensinne. På nettet er vi ikke begrenset av hylleplass, så det er rom "
+"for alle tenkelige særinteresser, smak og behov. Dette er hva Chris Anderson "
+"kalte den lange halen, hvor forbruket mindre er om bredspekrede \"treff\" og "
+"mer om mikromarkeder for hver enkelt nisje. Som Anderson skrev, \"Vi er alle "
+"forskjellige, med forskjellige ønsker og behov, og Internett har nå en plass "
+"for dem alle på en måte som fysiske markeder ikke gjorde.\"7 Vi er ikke "
+"lenger begrenset til hva som appellerer til massene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1382
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, "
"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
msgstr ""
+"Samtidig som å finne \"dine folk\" på nettet teoretisk er enklere enn i den "
+"analoge verden, kan det, som et praktisk spørmål, fortsatt være vanskelig å "
+"faktisk bli lagt merke til. Internett er en brannslange med innhold, som "
+"bare vokser minutt for minutt. Som innholdleverandør, konkurrerer du også "
+"mot kreativitet som er generert utenfor markedet.8 Anderson skrev, \"Den "
+"største endringen i det siste tiåret har vært skifte i tiden folk bruker på "
+"amatørinnhold i stedet for profesjonelt innhold.\"9 For å toppe det hele, du "
+"må konkurrere med resten av deres liv, også - \"venner, familie, "
+"musikkspillelister, fotballkamper, og kveld på byen.\"10 På en eller annen "
+"måte må du bli lagt merke til av de rette folkene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1412
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
"counterproductive."
msgstr ""
+"Når du kommer til Internettet med en all-rettigheter-reservert mentalitet "
+"når du starter, begrenser du ofte adgangen til innholdet ditt før det engang "
+"er blitt noen etterspørsel etter det. I mange tilfeller, er å kreve betaling "
+"for innholdet en del av tradisjonelle opphavsrett-systemet. Selv en liten "
+"pris har en stor effekt på etterspørselen. Det kalles \"penny gap\": Den "
+"store forskjellen i etterspørsel mellom noe som er tilgjengelig til prisen "
+"på ett øre mot en pris på null.11 Det betyr ikke at det er galt å ta betalt "
+"for innholdet. Det betyr bare du må innse hvilken betydning dette vil ha på "
+"etterspørselen. Det samme prinsippet gjelder ved å begrense tilgangen til å "
+"kopiere arbeidet. Hvis problemet ditt er å bli oppdaget og finne \"dine "
+"folk\", virker å hindre folk fra å kopiere arbeidet ditt og dele det med "
+"andre mot sin hensikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1416
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
msgstr ""
+"Selvfølgelig, det er ikke at å bli oppdaget av folk som liker arbeidet ditt "
+"vil gjøre deg rik - langt fra det. Men som Cory Doctorow sier, \""
+"anerkjennelse er en av mange nødvendige forutsetninger for kunstnerisk "
+"suksess.\"12"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1425
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"this decision has generated an immense amount of goodwill within the "
"community."
msgstr ""
+"Å velge å ikke å bruke tid og energi på å begrense tilgangen til ditt arbeid "
+"med og forfølge overtredelser bygger også goodwill. Lumen Learning, et for-"
+"fortjeneste selskap som utgir læremidler på nett, tok en tidlig avgjørelse "
+"om ikke å forhindre studentene adgang innholdet, selv i form av en liten "
+"betalingsvegg, fordi det negativt ville påvirke student suksess på en måte "
+"som ville undergrave samfunnsoppdraget bak det de gjør. De tror denne "
+"beslutningen har generert en betydelig mengde goodwill i samfunnet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1432
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to "
"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
msgstr ""
+"Det er ikke bare det at begrenset tilgang til innholdet ditt undergraver "
+"ditt sosiale oppdrag. Det kan også fremmedgjøre folk som mest verdsetter din "
+"kreative innsats. Hvis folk liker ditt arbeid, blir deres naturlig instinkt "
+"å dele det med andre. Men som David Bollier skrev, \"vår naturlige "
+"menneskelige impulser til å imitere og dele - essensen av hva kultur er - "
+"har blitt kriminalisert.\"13"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1440
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing "
"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
msgstr ""
+"Det faktum at kopiering kan innebære straffeansvar forhindrer utvilsomt "
+"kopiering, men kopiering ved å klikke på en knapp er for enkelt og praktisk "
+"til noensinne å få en fullstendig stopp for det. Forsøk som opphavsretts--"
+"industrien å overbevise oss om det motsatte, å kopierer et åndsprodukt føles "
+"ikke som å stjele et brød. Og, selvfølgelig, det er fordi det ikke gjør "
+"det. Å dele skapende arbeid har ingen innvirkning på noen annens mulighet "
+"til å gjøre bruk av det."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
msgstr ""
+"Tar du for gitt endel kopiering og deling av arbeidet ditt, kan du investere "
+"tid og ressurser andre steder enn å kaste dem bort på å leke katt og mus med "
+"folk som vil kopiere og dele ditt innhold. Lizzy Jongma fra Rijksmuseum sa, "
+"\"vi kan bruke mye penger på å prøve å beskytte verkene, men folk kommer til "
+"å gjøre det likevel. Og de vil bruke gjengivelser med dårlig kvalitet.\" I "
+"stedet startet de med å utgi høyoppløselige digitale kopier fra sine "
+"samlinger i det offentlige rom og gjøre dem tilgjengelige gratis fra sin "
+"hjemmeside. For dem var deling en form for kvalitetskontroll av kopiene som "
+"uunngåelig ville blitt delt på nettet. Å gjør dette betydde å gi avkall "
+"inntektene de tidligere fikk fra salg av digitale bilder. Men Lizzy sier det "
+"var en liten pris å betale for alle mulighetene som deling låste opp for dem."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1462
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
+"Å ha brukt Made with Creative Commons betyr du slutter å tenke på måter å "
+"kunstig gjøre innholdet til et knapphetsgode, og i stedet utnytte det som "
+"den potensielt rikelige ressursen det er.14 Når du ser informasjonsoverflod "
+"som en funksjon, ikke en feil, begynner du å tenke på måter å bruke denne "
+"tomgangskapasiteten til din fordel. Som min venn og kollega Eric Steuer "
+"engang sa, \"å bruke CC-lisenser viser du har taket på Internettet.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1471
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work "
"they never could have done otherwise."
msgstr ""
+"Cory Doctorow sier det koster ham ingenting når andre mennesker lager kopier "
+"av hans arbeid, når det åpner muligheten for at han kan få noe i tilbake.15 "
+"På samme måte, skaperne av Arduino Boards visste det var umulig å stoppe "
+"folk fra å kopiere maskinvaren deres, så de besluttet ikke å selv engang å "
+"prøve på det, og i stedet se etter fordelene ved å være åpne. For dem er "
+"resultatet en av de mest utbredte datakort i verden, med et blomstrende "
+"nettsamfunn (community) av tenkere og innovatører som har bidratt med ting "
+"som de selv aldri kunne ha gjort på noen annen måte."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1474
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
+"Det er alle slags måte å utnytte kraften i å dele og remikse til din fordel. "
+"Her er noen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Bruke CC for å finne et større publikum"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1486
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"content has a sign that says Share and the other says Don’t Share (which is "
"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
msgstr ""
+"Å gi en Creative Commons-lisens til innholdet ditt, vil ikke automatisk "
+"gjøre at det går viralt, men å eliminere juridiske hindringer for å "
+"kopiering vil bsolutt ikke svekke sjansene for at arbeidet deles. CC-lisens "
+"symboliserer at deling er velkommen. Den kan fungere som et lite trykk på "
+"skulderen til de som kommer over arbeidet – et lite dytt til å kopiere "
+"arbeidet om de fornemmer det. Hvis alt er likt, hvis ett stykke innhold har "
+"et skilt som sier Del og det andre sier Ikke del (som er hva \"©\" betyr), "
+"hvilket tror du det er sannsynlig at folk deler?"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1493
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are CC-"
"proliferating effect, which they track, is a central part of the value to "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
+"The Conversation er et nyhetsnettsted med dyptgående artikler skrevet av "
+"akademikere som er eksperter på spesifikke emner. Alle artiklene er CC-"
+"lisensierte, og de kopieres og deles videre til andre bestemte områder. "
+"Denne voksende effekten, som spores, er en sentral del av verdien for de "
+"akademiske forfattere som ønsker å nå så mange lesere som mulig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1488
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1505
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more "
"accessible and likely to spread."
msgstr ""
+"Ideen om at flere øyne faller sammen med mer suksess, er en form for "
+"maksimumstrategi, adoptert av Google og andre teknologiselskaper. Ifølge "
+"Eric Schmidt i Google er ideen enkel: \"Uansett hva du gjør, gjør det med "
+"maksimum distribusjon. Den andre måten å si dette på er at når de marginale "
+"distribusjonskostnadene er gratis, kan du også legge ut ting overalt.\"16 "
+"Denne strategien motiverer ofte selskaper til å gjøre sine produkter og "
+"tjenester gratis (dvs. til ingen kostnad), men den samme logikken gjelder "
+"for å dele innhold fritt. Fordi CC-lisensiert innhold er gratis (i kostnad) "
+"og fritt kan deles, gjør CC lisensiering innholdet enda mer tilgjengelig og "
+"sannsynligvis til å bli spredt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon effect. "
"have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because a large "
"following is at least a partial indicator of quality or usefulness.18"
msgstr ""
+"Hvis du lykkes i å nå flere brukere, lesere, lyttere eller andre brukere av "
+"arbeidet, kan du starte med å benytte deg av bandwagon-effekten. Det enkle "
+"faktum er at andre folk som bruker eller følger ditt arbeide sporer andre "
+"til å gjøre same.17 Dette er delvis fordi vi ganske enkelt har en tendens "
+"til å engasjere seg oss i flokkatferd, men det er også fordi en stor "
+"følgeskare delvis er indikator på kvalitet eller nytteverdi.18"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1498
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1515
msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Å bruke CC for å få henvisninger og navnegjenkjenning"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1513
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1530
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the material. "
"for something as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of "
"fairness as providing credit."
msgstr ""
+"Hver Creative Commons-lisens krever at forfatteren gis referanse, og at "
+"gjenbrukere gir en lenke tilbake til den opprinnelige kilden for materialet. "
+"CC0, er ikke en lisens, men et verktøy som brukes til å legge arbeider ut i "
+"den offentlige sfæren, gjør ikke henvisning juridisk påkrevd, men mange "
+"fellesskap gir fortsatt henvisninger i tråd med beste praksis og sosiale "
+"normer. Faktisk er det sosiale normer, heller enn trusselen om juridiske "
+"håndhevelse, som oftest uansett motiverer folk til å henvise og ellers "
+"overholde lisensvilkårene i CC. Dette er særkjennet på et velfungerende "
+"fellesskap, både i markedet og samfunnet i stort.19 CC-lisenser gjenspeiler "
+"et sett av ønsker fra bidragsyterne, og i de aller fleste tilfelle, er folk "
+"naturligvis tilbøyelige til å følge de ønskene. Dette er spesielt tilfelle "
+"for noe så rett frem og samsvarende med grunnleggende forestillinger om "
+"rimelighet som å gi henvisning."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1541
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"most important currency for academics. Sharing with CC is a way of having "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
+"Det faktum at navnet på innholdsleverandøren følger med i et CC-lisensiert "
+"arbeid, gjør lisensene til et viktig middel for å utvikle et omdømme, eller "
+"i bedriftenes språk, en merkevare. Drivkraften bak å knytte ditt navn til "
+"ditt arbeid er ikke bare basert på en kommersiell motivasjon, det er "
+"grunnleggende i forfatterskapet. Åpent - er en ideell egenskap som bidrar "
+"til å subsidiere produksjonen av CC-lisensierte akademiske tekster ved "
+"samling og deling av bidrag fra biblioteker rundt i USA. Direktøren, Frances "
+"Pinter, sier at Creative Commons-lisensen på verker har en stor verdi for "
+"forfattere fordi omdømme er den viktigste valutaen for akademikere. Deling "
+"med CC er en måte for å få flest til å se og sitere ditt arbeide."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"transform the design into something tangible is part of the power of their "
"platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
msgstr ""
+"Å bli navngitt kan være om mer enn bare å motta godskriving. Det kan også "
+"være om å etablere kilden. Naturligvis ønsker folk å vite hvor innholdet kom "
+"fra - kilden til et arbeid er noen ganger like interessant som selve "
+"arbeidet. Opendesk er en plattform for møbeldesignere til å dele sine "
+"design. Forbrukere som liker disse designene kan deretter bli koblet med "
+"lokale produsenter som omsetter tegninger til virkelige møbler. Det faktum "
+"at jeg sitter i USA, kan plukke ut en design laget av designer i Tokyo og "
+"deretter bruke en produsent i min eget lokalsamfunn til å forvandle designet "
+"til noe håndfast, inngår i kraft av denne plattform. Opphavet til designet "
+"blir en spesiell del av produktet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1561
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its credibility. "
"Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to identify the "
"discourse is plagued with misinformation, being a trusted information source "
"is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
+"Å vite hvor arbeidet kommer fra er også avgjørende for å sørge for "
+"troverdigheten. Akkurat som et varemerke er utformet for å gi forbrukerne "
+"mulighet til å identifisere kilden og kvaliteten til et bestemt gode og en "
+"tjeneste, gir det å kjenne til forfatteren av et arbeid publikum en mulighet "
+"til å vurdere arbeidets troverdighet. I en tid når nettdiskusjon er plaget "
+"med feilinformasjon, er det å være en pålitelig informasjonskilde mer "
+"verdifullt enn noensinne."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1563
msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Å bruke CC-lisensiert innhold som markedsføringsverktøy"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1570
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"performance of the CC content. In all cases, the CC content can attract "
"people to your other product or service."
msgstr ""
+"Som vi vil dekke mer detaljert senere, mange arbeider som er \"Made with "
+"Creative Commons\" tjener penger ved å tilby et annet produkt eller en "
+"tjeneste enn det CC-lisensierte arbeidet. Noen ganger er det andre produktet "
+"eller tjenesten ikke relatert til CC-innholdet. Andre ganger er det en "
+"fysisk utgave eller liveopptreden med CC-innholdet. I alle tilfeller kan CC-"
+"innholdet trekke folk til dine andre produkter eller tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1583
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version people "
"bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
+"Knowlegde Unlatched's Pinter fortalte oss at hun igjen og igjen har sett "
+"hvordan det å tilby CC-lisensierte innhold - som er digitalt gratis - "
+"faktisk øker salg av de trykte varene fordi det fungerer som et "
+"markedsføringsverktøy. Vi ser dette fenomenet regelmessig med kjente "
+"kunstverk. Mona Lisa er trolig den mest gjenkjennelige maleriet på planeten. "
+"Denne allestedsnærværselen utløser interessen for å ville se maleriet selv, "
+"og eie fysiske goder med avbildningen. Rikelig med kopier av innholdet, "
+"lokker ofte til mer etterspørsel, ikke til redusert. Et annet eksempel er "
+"når radioen kom. Selv om musikkbransjen ikke så det komme (og kjempet mot "
+"den!), fungerte gratis musikk på radio som reklame for den betalte versjonen "
+"folk kjøpte i musikkforretninger.20 Gratis kan være en form for "
+"markedsføring."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
"textbooks)."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
+"I noen tilfeller trenger arbeid utført med Creative Commons ikke engang egne "
+"markedsførings-team eller -budsjetter. Cards Against Humanity er et CC-"
+"lisensiert kortspill tilgjengelig som en gratis nedlasting. Og på grunn av "
+"det (takk til CC-lisensen på spillet) sier de som laget det at det en av de "
+"best markedsførte spillene i verden, og de har aldri brukt en krone på "
+"markedsføring. Lærebokutgiveren OpenStax har også sluppet å ansette et "
+"markedsføringsteam. Deres produkter er gratis, eller billigere å kjøpe som "
+"fysiske kopier, noe som gjør dem mye mer attraktive for studenter, som "
+"deretter krever dem fra sine universiteter. De samarbeider også med "
+"tjenesteleverandører som bygger videre oppå det CC-lisensierte innholdet og, "
+"igjen, bruker penger og ressurser på å markedsføring disse tjenestene (og "
+"dermed OpenStax lærebøker)."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1599
msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Bruke CC til å aktivere hands-on engasjement fra med arbeidet ditt"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1604
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"technology. The Internet opened up a whole new world of possibilities for "
"public participation in creative work."
msgstr ""
+"Den store lovnaden med Creative Commons-lisensiering er at den omfavner en "
+"remiksings-kultur. Dette er faktisk det store løftet med digital teknologi. "
+"Internettet åpnet opp en helt ny verden av muligheter for offentlig "
+"deltakelse i skapende arbeid."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1614
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the ability to "
"adapt a photo is less important."
msgstr ""
+"Fire av de seks CC-lisensene åpner for gjenbruk å bygge på, eller på andre "
+"måter tilpasse arbeidet. Avhengig av sammenhengen, kan tilpasning bety vidt "
+"forskjellige ting, - oversettelse, oppdatering, lokalisering, forbedring, "
+"transformering. De gjør det mulig for et arbeid å bli tilpasset til "
+"spesielle behov, bruk, mennesker og samfunn, som er en annen distinkt verdi "
+"å tilby til offentligheten.21 Tilpasning er mer en endring av spillereglene "
+"i noen sammenhenger enn i andre. Med læremidler er muligheten til å tilpasse "
+"og oppdatere innholdet kritisk viktig for nytteverdien. For fotografi er "
+"muligheten til å tilpasse et bilde mindre viktig."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1609
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1626
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be "
"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
msgstr ""
+"Dette er en måte å motvirke mulige ulemper i overfloden av gratis og åpent "
+"innhold beskrevet ovenfor. Som Anderson skrev i Free, \"Folk bryr seg ofte "
+"så mye om ting de ikke betaler for, og som et resultat de tenker ikke så mye "
+"om hvordan de bruker dem..\" 22 Hvis selv en så liten viljekraft som å "
+"betale én penny for noe, endrer vår oppfatning av den tingen, så vil sikkert "
+"å remikse det forbedre vår oppfatning ekspotensielt.23 Vi vet at folk vil "
+"betale mer for produkter de hadde en del i å lage.24 Og vi vet at å skape "
+"noe, uansett hvilken kvalitet, bringer med seg en slags kreativ tilfredshet "
+"som kan aldri bli erstattet av å bruke noe som er laget av noen andre.25"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1634
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their social-"
"event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more deeply tied "
"to your work."
msgstr ""
+"Å aktivt engasjere seg i innholdet hjelper oss til å unngå et planløst "
+"forbruk som alle som åndsfraværende har rullet igjennom det som kommer inn i "
+"ens sosiale medier en times tid, vet alt for godt. I sin bok, Cognitive "
+"Surplus, sier Clay Shirky, \"Å delta er å handle som om din tilstedeværelse "
+"betyr noe, som om, når du ser noe eller høre noe, er ditt svar en del av "
+"hendelsen.\" 26 Å åpne døren til ditt innhold kan få folk dypere knyttet til "
+"arbeidet ditt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1636
msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Bruke CC for å skille deg ut"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the "
"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
msgstr ""
+"Å opererer under et tradisjonelt opphavsrettsregime betyr vanligvis å "
+"operere under reglene til etablerte aktører i media. Forretningsstrategier "
+"som er innebygd i den tradisjonelle opphavsrettsystemet, som bruker digital "
+"rettinghetshåndtering (DRM), og signere eksklusivitetskontrakter, kan binde "
+"hendene til innholdsleverandører, ofte på bekostning av leverandørens beste "
+"interesse.27 Made with Creative Commons betyr du kan fungere uten disse "
+"barrierene, og i mange tilfeller bruke økt åpenhet som et "
+"konkurransefortrinn. David Harris fra OpenStax sa de spesielt forfulgte "
+"strategier de vet at tradisjonelle utgivere ikke kan. \"Ikke gå inn i et "
+"marked og spille etter de gjeldende reglene,\" sa David. \"Reglene for "
+"engasjement må endres.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1650
msgid "### Making Money"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "### Å tjene penger"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the "
"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
msgstr ""
+"Som ethvert foretagende som tjener penger , må det som lages med Creative "
+"Commons bidra noen slags nytteverdi for sitt publikum eller forbrukere. Noen "
+"ganger blir verdien subsidiert av bidragsytere som ikke direkte nyter godt "
+"av den direkte. Bidragsytere, enten veldedige institusjoner, myndigheter, "
+"eller folk som bryr seg, gir penger til organisasjonen av egen vilje. Det er "
+"måten vanlig veldedig finansiering virker på. I mange fall er pengestrømmen "
+"som genereres med arbeid Made with Creative Commons direkte knyttet verdien "
+"det genererer, der mottakere betaler for verdien de mottar, som i enhver "
+"annen standard markedstransaksjon. I mange andre tilfelle, snarere enn i en "
+"noe for noe-utveksling av penger for verdi, som typisk for "
+"markedstransaksjoner, gir mottakeren penger i forståelse av gjensidighet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1656
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1673
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets "
"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
msgstr ""
+"Det meste som er laget med Creative Commons bruker en rekke ulike metoder "
+"for å bringe inn omsetning, noen markedsbaserte og andre ikke. En vanlig "
+"strategi å bruke eksterne bevilgninger til innhold når forsknings- og "
+"utviklingskostnader er spesielt høye, og deretter finne en annen "
+"inntektsstrøm (eller strømmer) til påløpende utgifter. Som Shirky skrev, er "
+"\"trikset å vite når markedene er en optimal måte å organisere interaksjoner "
+"på og når de ikke er det.\" 29"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1680
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
"abstraction can be instructive."
msgstr ""
+"Våre referansestudier gjennomgår nærmere de ulike veiene til å skaffe "
+"inntekter til innholdsleverandører, organisasjoner og bedrifter vi "
+"intervjuet. Det er nyanser skjult i de spesifikke måtene hver og en av dem "
+"tjener penger på, så det er litt farlig å generalisere for mye fra hva vi "
+"fant. Likevel, å ta et skritt tilbake og vise ting fra et høyere "
+"abstraksjonsnivå, kan være lærerikt."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1665
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1682
msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Markedsbaserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1689
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based "
"on some added value you provide.31"
msgstr ""
+"I markedet er det sentrale spørsmålet, når vi bestemmer hvordan vi skal få "
+"inntekter, hvor mye folk er villige til å betale.30 Per definisjon, hvis du "
+"bruker Made with Creative Commons, er innholdet du gir tilgjengelig gratis "
+"og ikke en markedsvare. I den allestedsnærværende freemium modellen (som "
+"kombinerer \"free\" og \"premium”-utgaver av et produkt eller en tjeneste, "
+"der inntjeningen ligger i premium-utgaven), må enhver markedstransaksjon med "
+"en forbruker av innholdet være basert en verdiøkning du tilbyr.31"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1703
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply "
"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
msgstr ""
+"På mange måter er dette veien fremover for alle innholds-drevne "
+"bestrebelser. I markedet ligger verdien i ting som er mangelvare. Med "
+"Internetter som et gratis tilgjengelig univers av innhold for oss, er det "
+"vanskelig å få folk til å betale for innhold på nettet. Den kjempende "
+"avisbransjen er et uttrykk for dette faktum. Dette er forverret av det "
+"faktum at i det minste er noe kopiering trolig uunngåelig. Det betyr at du "
+"kan ende opp med å konkurrere med gratis versjoner av ditt eget innhold, "
+"enten du ser gjennom fingrene med det eller ikke.32 Hvis folk kan lett finne "
+"innholdet gratis, vil det være vanskelig å få folk til å kjøpe det, spesielt "
+"i en kontekst der tilgang til innhold er viktigere enn å eie den. I Free "
+"skrev Anderson: \"Opphavsrettigheter, enten regelfestet i lov eller i "
+"programvaren, er i enkelhet å holde en pris opp imot tyngdekraften.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1712
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least "
"different from the free version.”33"
msgstr ""
+"Dette betyr selvfølgelig at innholds-drevne bestrebelser ikke har noen "
+"fremtid på den tradisjonelle markedsplassen. I Free forklarer Anderson at "
+"når et produkt eller en tjeneste blir gratis, som informasjon og innhold i "
+"stor grad blir i den digitale tidsalderen, blir andre ting mer verdifulle. "
+"\"Hver overflod skaper en ny knapphet,\" skrev han. Du må bare finne en måte "
+"annet enn enn innholdet for å gi verdi til brukere eller kunder. Som "
+"Anderson sier, \"det er lett å konkurrere med Free: Bare tilby noe bedre "
+"eller i det minste ulik gratisversjonen.\"33"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1719
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"also benefit from the goodwill that stems from the values behind being Made "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
+"I lys av denne virkeligheten, er det på noen måter slik innhold Made with "
+"Creative Commons er på samme bane som alle innholdsbaserte produkter i den "
+"digitale tidsalderen. Faktisk, de kan selv ha en fordel fordi de kan bruke "
+"overfloden av innhold til å få inntekter fra noen knappe ressurser. De kan "
+"også nyttiggjøre seg velviljen som stammer fra verdiene bak å være Made with "
+"Creative Commons."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1707
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1725
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"lives within your free digital content. Often, the CC-licensed content "
-"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1709
-msgid "service."
+"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service."
msgstr ""
+"For innholdskapere og distributører er det nesten uendelige måter å gi verdi "
+"til forbrukerne av deres arbeid, over og utover verdien av det som er "
+"innenfor ditt gratis digitale innhold. Ofte fungerer det CC-lisensierte "
+"innholdet som et markedsføringsverktøy for de betalte produkter eller "
+"tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1727
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "Her er de vanligste høy-nivå kategoriene."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1713
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1729
msgid ""
"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work * \\[MARKET-BASED"
"\\]*"
msgstr ""
+"#### Å tilby en tilpasset tjeneste til brukere av ditt arbeid * \\[MARKET-"
+"BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1722
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1738
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
+"I denne informasjonsalderens overflod mangler vi ikke innhold. Trikset er å "
+"finne innhold som samsvarer med våre behov og ønsker, så tilpassede "
+"tjenester er spesielt verdifulle. Som Anderson skrev, \"Vareinformasjon ("
+"alle får den samme versjonen) ønsker å være fri. Tilpasset informasjon (du "
+"får noe unikt og meningsfullt for deg) ønsker å være dyr.\"34 Dette kan være "
+"alt fra kunstneriske og kulturelle rådgivingstjenester som tilbys av Ártica "
+"til det skreddersydde sangtilbudet fra Jonathan \"Song-A-Day\" Mann."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1740
msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Å belaste for den den fysisk kopien * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1761
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"providers of the same works based on quality, service, or other traditional "
"business principles."
msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1747
+"I sin bok om \"maker culture\", karakteriserer Anderson denne modellen ved "
+"at den gir bort biter og selger atomene (der biter refererer til digitalt "
+"innhold og atomer refererer til et fysisk objekt).35 Dette er særlig "
+"vellykket i domener der den digitale versjonen av innholdet er ikke så "
+"verdifull som den analoge versjonen, som i bokpublisering der en stor "
+"undergruppe fortsatt foretrekker å lese noe de kan holde i hendene. Eller i "
+"domener der innholdet er nyttig til det er i fysisk form, som møbeldesign. I "
+"slike situasjoner er vil en betydelig del av forbrukerne betale for nytten "
+"av å ha noen andre til å sette sammen den fysiske versjonen for dem. Noen "
+"bidragsytere klemmer enda mer ut av denne inntektsstrømmen ved hjelp av en "
+"Creative Commons-lisens som bare tillater ikke-kommersiell bruk, noe som "
+"betyr at ingen andre kan selger fysiske kopier av arbeidet i konkurranse med "
+"dem. Denne strategien for å reservere kommersielle rettigheter kan være "
+"spesielt viktig for varer som bøker, der hver utskrift av det samme arbeidet "
+"sannsynligvis har samme kvalitet, så det er vanskeligere å skille en "
+"publiseringstjeneste fra en annen. På den annen side, for varer som møbler "
+"eller elektronikk, kan leverandøren av de fysiske varene konkurrere med "
+"andre leverandører av de samme varene basert på kvalitet, tjeneste eller "
+"andre tradisjonelle forretningsprinsipper."
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1763
msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Å ta betalt for en personlig versjon * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1755
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1771
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"person version of experience. You can see this effect when people go view "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
+"Som alle som noensinne har gått til en konsert vil fortelle deg, å oppleve "
+"kreativitet personlig en helt annen opplevelse i forhold til å oppleve en "
+"digital kopi på egenhånd. Langt fra å være en erstatning for å samhandle "
+"ansikt til ansikt, kan CC-lisensiert innholdet faktisk skape etterspørsel "
+"etter å oppleve dette som en personlig erfaring. Du kan se denne effekten "
+"når folk går for å se original kunst personlig eller betaler for å delta på "
+"et tale- eller opplæringskurs."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1757
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
msgid "#### Selling merchandise * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Å selge handelsvarer * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1778
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"to the power of a good concert T-shirt. This can also be an important "
"revenue stream for museums and galleries."
msgstr ""
+"I mange tilfeller, vil folk som liker ditt arbeide betale for produkter som "
+"viser en forbindelse til ditt arbeide. Som barn i 1980, kan jeg personlig "
+"bekrefte kraften i en t-skjorte fra en god konsert. Dette kan også bli være "
+"viktig inntektskilde for museer og gallerier."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1773
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1789
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—"
"there are other services you can provide as well."
msgstr ""
+"Noen ganger kan en finne en markedsbaserte inntektsstrøm ved å gi verdi til "
+"andre enn dem som bruker ditt CC-lisensierte innhold. I disse "
+"inntektstrømmene, bli gratis innhold subsidiert av en helt annen kategori "
+"personer eller bedrifter. Ofte betaler disse personene eller bedriftene for "
+"tilgang til din viktigste målgruppe. Det faktum at innholdet er gratis øker "
+"størrelsen på publikumet, som igjen gjør tilbudet mer verdifull for de "
+"betalende kundene. Dette er en variant av en tradisjonell forretningsmodell "
+"bygget på frie såkalte flersidige-plattformer.36 Tilgang til ditt publikum "
+"er ikke det eneste folk er villige til å betale for, du kan også levere "
+"andre andre tjenester."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1775
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1791
msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Å belaste annonsører og sponsorer * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1802
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the overall "
"endeavor."
msgstr ""
+"Den tradisjonelle modellen for å subsidiere gratis innhold er reklame. I "
+"denne versjonen av flersidige plattformer, betaler annonsørene for "
+"muligheten til kontakt til rekken av øyne i innholdleverandørenes "
+"publikum.37 Internett har gjort denne modellen vanskeligere fordi antallet "
+"tilgjengelige, mulige kanaler for å nå de aktuelle øynene er i bunn og grunn "
+"blitt uendelige.38 Likevel, det fortsatt en livskraftig inntektskilde for "
+"mange innholdskapere, inkludert dem som bruker Made with Creative Commons. "
+"Ofte, i stedet for å betaling for å vise reklame, betaler annonsøren for å "
+"være en offisiell sponsor av et bestemt innhold, prosjekter eller oppgaven "
+"som sådan."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1804
msgid "#### Charging your content creators * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Betaling fra dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1798
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1814
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"their faculties participate as writers of the content on the Conversation "
"website."
msgstr ""
+"En annen type flersidig plattform er der de som lager innholdet selv betaler "
+"å bli omtalt på plattformen. Selvfølgelig er denne inntektsstrømmen bare "
+"tilgjengelig for dem som stoler på det arbeidet som er laget, i all fall "
+"delvis, av andre. Den mest kjente versjonen av denne modellen er \""
+"forfatteravgift\" i tidsskrifter med åpen tilgang som de som er publisert av "
+"Public Library of Science, men det finnes også andre varianter. The "
+"Conversation primært finansiert med en universitetetsmedlemskaps-modell, der "
+"universiteter betaler for at fakultetene kan ha forfattere som leverer "
+"innhold til Conversations nettside."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1800
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1816
msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Transaksjonsgebyr * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1826
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
"example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a maker "
"to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
+"Dette er en versjon av en tradisjonell modell basert på å megle "
+"transaksjoner mellom deltakere.39 Utvalg og organisering er et viktig "
+"element i denne modellen. Plattformer som Noun Project tilfører verdi ved å "
+"vade gjennom CC-lisensiert innhold for å velge ut et høykvalitets utvalg og "
+"så utlede inntekt når innholdsleverandørene gjør transaksjoner med kunder. "
+"Andre plattformer tjener penger når tjenesteleverandører gjør transaksjoner "
+"med kundene deres; for eksempel tjener Opendesk penger hver gang noen på "
+"deres nettsted betaler en håndverker for å lage møbler basert på ett av "
+"designene på plattformen."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1812
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1828
msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
msgstr ""
+"#### Å levere en tjeneste til dine innholdsleverandører * \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1819
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1835
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"providing paid tools to help their users make the data they contribute to "
"the platform more discoverable and reusable."
msgstr ""
+"Som nevnt ovenfor, kan et innhold gi fortjeneste ved at det leveres "
+"tilpassede tjenester til brukerne. Plattformer kan gi en variant av denne "
+"tjenestemodellen rettet mot innholdsleverandører som legger inn et innhold "
+"de får omtalt. Dataplattformene Figure.NZ og Figshare utnytter denne "
+"modellen ved å tilby betalte verktøy for å hjelpe sine brukerne å gjøre "
+"dataene de bidrar med til plattformen mer synlige og gjenbrukbare."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1821
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
msgid "#### Licensing a trademark* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Lisensiere et varemerke* \\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1846
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"deriving revenue from something scarce while taking advantage of the "
"abundance of CC content."
msgstr ""
+"Endelig tjener noen som er Made with Creative Commons penger på å selge "
+"bruken av sitt varemerker. Kjente merker som forbrukerne forbinder med "
+"kvalitet, troverdighet, eller selv en holdning kan lisensiere varemerket til "
+"selskaper som ønsker å dra nytte av dets goodwill. Per definisjon er "
+"varemerker knappe fordi de representerer et bestemt opphav for et gode eller "
+"en tjeneste. Å ta betalt for muligheten til å bruke det varemerket er en "
+"måte å skaffe inntekt fra noe det er knapphet på, og samtidig utnytte "
+"fordelen av overfloden av CC-innhold."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1848
msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Gjensidighets-baserte inntektsstrømmer"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"endeavors we analyzed were making money. It was not simply about monetizing "
"scarcity."
msgstr ""
+"Selv om vi setter til side velgjørenhetsfinansiering, fant vi at "
+"tradisjonelle økonomiske rammen for å forstå markedet ikke fullt ut fanger "
+"måtene den innsatsen vi analyserte for å tjene penger. Det var ikke bare om "
+"å tjene penger på knapphet."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1863
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"Like a Commoner, “There is no self-serving calculation of whether the value "
"given and received is strictly equal.”"
msgstr ""
+"I stedet for å utarbeide en plan for å få folk til å betale penger for noe "
+"som har en direkte verdi levert til dem, handlet mange av inntektsstrømmer "
+"mer om å gi verdi, bygge et forhold, og så eventuelt finne noen penger som "
+"strømmer tilbake ut fra en opplevelse av gjensidighet. Mens noe ser ut som "
+"tradisjonelle nonprofit finansieringsmodeller, er de ikke veldedighet. "
+"Innsatsen for å utveksle verdier mellom mennesker, ikke nødvendigvis "
+"synkront eller på en måte som krever at disse verdiene er like. Som David "
+"Bollier skrev i Think Like a Commoner, \"Det er ingen selvbetjeningskalkyle "
+"om verdien som er gitt og mottatt er helt lik.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1853
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1869
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"identity, community and culture. It is a vital brain function that helps the "
"human species survive and evolve.”"
msgstr ""
+"Dette skulle være en kjent dynamikk - det er måten du behanler dine venner "
+"og familie. Vi gir uten hensyn til hva, og når vi får tilbake. David Bollier "
+"skrev, \"Gjensidig sosiale utveksling ligger i hjertet av menneskets "
+"identitet, samfunn og kultur. Det er en viktig hjernefunksjon som hjelper "
+"til menneskeheten overleve og utvikles.\""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1858
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of "
"value.41"
msgstr ""
+"Det er sjeldent å innlemme slike forhold til en innsats som også er i "
+"inngrep med market.40 Vi kan nesten ikke hjelpe, men tenk på relasjoner i "
+"markedet sentrert uten gjensidig utveksling av verdi.41"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1860
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1876
msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Medlemskap og individuelle donasjoner * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1872
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1888
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"that the content is a public good or that the entire endeavor is furthering "
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
+"Medlemskap og donasjoner er tradisjonell nonprofit finansieringsmodeller, i "
+"Made with Creative Commons-sammenheng, er de direkte knyttet til det "
+"gjensidige forholdet er dyrket med støttespillere til arbeidere. Jo større "
+"bassenget hos de som mottar verdi fra innholdet er, jo mer sannsynlig denne "
+"strategien vil fungere, gitt at bare en liten prosentandel av brukerne "
+"sannsynligvis vil bidra. Siden å bruke CC-lisenser kan smøre hjulene for at "
+"innhold skal å nå flere mennesker, kan denne strategien være mer effektive "
+"for innsats utført med Made with Creative Commons. Jo viktigere argumentet "
+"er for at innholdet er et kollektivt gode, eller at hele innsatsen er å "
+"fremme en sosial oppgave, jo mer sannsynlig er det at denne strategien "
+"lykkes."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1890
msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1900
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"inclined to give money for things we value in the marketplace, even in "
"situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
+"I Betal-hva-du-vil-modellen blir mottakere av Creative Commons-innhold "
+"invitert til å gi et beløp de synes de kan gi og føler er nødvendig, basert "
+"på den offentlige og personlige verdi de føler er frembrakt av det åpne "
+"innholdet. Sett kritisk, disse modellene legges ikke ut som å \"kjøpe\" noe "
+"gratis. De likner en skål til drikkepenger. Folk gir et økonomiske bidrag "
+"som en takk. Disse modellene kapitaliserer på det faktum at vi er "
+"naturligvis tilbøyelige til å gi penger for tingene vi setter pris på i "
+"markedet, selv i situasjoner der vi kan finne en måte å få det på gratis."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1886
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1902
msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
-msgstr ""
+msgstr "#### Folkefinansiering * \\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1917
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1924
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1926
msgid "### Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1939
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1930
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1946
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1934
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1950
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1954
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1947
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1963
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1975
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1964
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1980
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1982
msgid "#### Be human"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1989
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2001
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2011
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2022
msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2016
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
msgid ""
"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to lowest-common-"
-"denominator solutions and"
+"denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that "
+"cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking "
+"for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions you make, "
+"even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you "
+"don’t go through the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it "
+"can be worse than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get "
+"it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps "
+"endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people involved and invested "
+"in what you do."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2030
-msgid ""
-"avoid the sort of candid exchange of ideas that cultivates healthy "
-"collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then "
-"giving context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting "
-"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
-"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
-"than not inviting input in the first place.48 But when you get it right, it "
-"can guarantee the type of diversity of thought that helps endeavors excel. "
-"And it is another way to get people involved and invested in what you do."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2032
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2047
msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2060
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2054
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2069
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a self-"
"fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that assume "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2079
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2081
msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2075
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2090
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like fans. "
"As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even if you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2095
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2092
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2107
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in kind. "
"It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too easy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2109
msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2104
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2113
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2128
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2134
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2136
msgid "#### Build a community"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2131
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2146
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2143
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2158
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2170
msgid ""
"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2174
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2161
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2176
msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2172
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2187
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2199
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2192
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2194
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2209
msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2205
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2221
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when "
"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for "
"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
-"improvements without a particularly heavy time"
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2207
-msgid "commitment.68"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2230
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2247
msgid ""
"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2258
msgid ""
"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2267
msgid ""
"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
"active participants.75"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2255
-msgid "#### Notes"
-msgstr ""
-
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Ibid., 55."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
msgid ""
"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2370
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n"
" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n"
"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n"
-" Internet,” BBC News, March 3,\n"
-" 2016, www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
+" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n"
+" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n"
"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n"
"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2358
-#, fuzzy
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2372
msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
-msgstr "Laget med Creative Commons"
+msgstr "## Creative Commons-lisensene"
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2385
msgid ""
"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2387
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2396
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2406
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2390
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2413
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2421
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2399
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2424
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2428
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2404
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2431
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.198in\" "
+"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2436
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2441
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2444
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2447
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2450
+msgid ""
+"{width=\"4.1665in"
+"\" height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Plain text
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2463
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and Attribution-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2437
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2475
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2487
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2502
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2504
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2508
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2510
msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
-msgid "# Part 2"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2476
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2513
msgid "# The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2521
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2529
msgid "## Arduino"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2532
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2497
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
msgid "www.arduino.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2538
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2540
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3223
msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2505
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2542
msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3190
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3545
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3750
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3990
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4227
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4637
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4849
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5076
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5749
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5994
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6383
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3787
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4027
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5111
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5784
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7061
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2519
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2556
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2564
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2534
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2571
msgid ""
"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2580
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design school. "
"He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2550
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2587
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2594
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2569
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2606
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2619
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2626
msgid ""
"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2595
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2632
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2642
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2652
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2661
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2672
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2682
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2690
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2697
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2673
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2716
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2685
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2722
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2726
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2691
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3729
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4206
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4828
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6200
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6641
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4006
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5088
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5327
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6234
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7242
msgid "Web links"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2694
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2731
msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2733
msgid "## Ártica"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2737
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2702
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2739
msgid "www.articaonline.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2741
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2706
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2743
msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2745
msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2710
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3356
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4468
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6224
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6661
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6839
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7227
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2897
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3052
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3393
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6258
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6695
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7261
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2752
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2764
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development issues. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2775
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2784
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2754
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2791
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2797
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"when they work with cultural institutions, and some are smaller projects "
"commissioned by individual artists."
msgstr ""
+"Kurs på nettet er deres største inntektskilde, men de har også mer enn et "
+"dusin konsulentprosjekter hvert år, alt fra digitalisering til "
+"arrangementsplanlegging og markedsføringskampaner. Noen av dem har en viss "
+"størrelse, spesielt når de jobber med kulturinstitusjoner, mens andre er "
+"mindre prosjekter på oppdrag fra enkeltartister."
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2766
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
msgid ""
"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2817
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2786
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2823
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another belief—"
"in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2840
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2809
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2813
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2850
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2824
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2861
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
msgid ""
"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2875
msgid ""
"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2881
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2846
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2883
msgid "## Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2886
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2851
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2888
msgid "www.blender.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2891
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
"copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2856
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2893
msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2858
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2895
msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2906
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2878
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2915
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2921
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2931
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2904
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2941
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2911
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2948
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2957
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2964
msgid ""
"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2970
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2944
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2981
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2989
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2959
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2996
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3010
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2978
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3015
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3022
msgid ""
"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2990
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3027
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2998
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3035
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3000
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3037
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3002
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3005
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3042
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3007
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3044
msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3046
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3048
msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3057
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or fill-in-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3071
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3076
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3050
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3087
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3065
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3102
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over time. "
"Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3107
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3082
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3119
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3123
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with it. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3091
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3128
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3098
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3135
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3109
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3146
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3116
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3153
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3158
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3132
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3169
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3177
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3149
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3186
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3192
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3199
msgid ""
"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3205
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3210
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3175
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3212
msgid "## The Conversation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3179
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3216
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the Internet. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3218
msgid "theconversation.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3221
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3188
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3225
msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3235
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3241
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3259
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3270
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3244
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3281
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3253
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3290
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative journalism. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3266
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3303
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3277
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3284
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3321
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3292
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3329
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3301
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3345
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3314
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3351
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3322
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3359
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3365
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3332
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3369
msgid ""
"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3338
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3375
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3340
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4449
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5730
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5765
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7410
msgid "Web link"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3379
msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3381
msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3347
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3384
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3349
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3386
msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3352
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3389
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
"selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3354
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3391
msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3400
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3404
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3413
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3417
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3395
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3432
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3406
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3443
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3414
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3451
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3422
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3433
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3470
msgid ""
"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3476
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3446
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3483
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3459
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3496
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3509
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3484
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3521
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the practice—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3502
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3511
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3548
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3557
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3563
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3565
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3530
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3567
msgid "## Figshare"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3574
msgid "figshare.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3539
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3578
msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3580
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3591
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3558
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3595
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3603
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3609
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3613
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3583
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3620
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3589
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3626
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and open-"
"science communities were already using and recommending Creative Commons. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3631
msgid ""
"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data open. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3601
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3638
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3607
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3644
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3654
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3662
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3674
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for journals. "
"Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ online "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3645
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3682
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3690
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3664
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3701
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3709
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3679
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3716
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3725
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other applications. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3698
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3745
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3752
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3764
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK"
"\\_universities/1186832"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid ""
"retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?"
"year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3733
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3770
msgid "figshare.com/features"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3735
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3772
msgid "## Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3739
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New Zealand."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3741
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3778
msgid "figure.nz"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3781
msgid ""
"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3746
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3783
msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3748
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3785
msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3767
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3804
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3776
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3813
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3788
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3825
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3840
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3817
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3854
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3828
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3865
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3882
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3850
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3887
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3863
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3900
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3874
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3911
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3917
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3884
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3921
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those areas. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3889
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3926
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3908
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3945
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3957
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3928
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3965
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3932
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3969
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3936
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3973
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3946
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3983
msgid ""
"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3952
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3989
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3960
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3997
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3967
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid ""
"www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-"
"government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/business/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3974
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4011
msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3976
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4013
msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4017
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4019
msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3984
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4021
msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4023
msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4025
msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4041
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4046
msgid ""
"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4051
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4065
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4072
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4042
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4049
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4086
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4058
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4095
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4061
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4098
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
"Unlatched: Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
"som samlinger (slik de gjør fra bibliotektsleverandører i dag)."
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4079
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4116
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4087
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4133
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4106
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4143
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4119
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4156
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4124
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4161
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4169
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4140
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4177
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4148
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4185
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 range. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4157
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4194
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4166
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4203
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4173
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4210
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4183
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4220
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4232
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by grants. "
"In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is sustainable. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4204
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4241
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.oapen.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4212
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4249
msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4214
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4251
msgid "## Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4217
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4254
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
msgid "lumenlearning.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4221
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4258
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4260
msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4262
msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4247
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4284
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education-"
"technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to improving "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4293
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4264
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4301
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4307
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4282
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4319
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4291
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4328
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4334
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
msgid ""
"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4309
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4346
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4316
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4353
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4331
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4368
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4340
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4377
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4387
msgid ""
"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4356
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4393
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4365
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4402
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4410
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4384
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4421
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4438
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4408
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4445
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4417
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4454
msgid ""
"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4424
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4461
msgid ""
"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4439
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4476
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than seventy-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4447
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4484
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4451
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4488
msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4490
msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4456
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4493
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4458
-msgid "jonathanmann.net and"
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4495
+msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
-msgid "jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4499
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4466
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4501
msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4513
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4522
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4527
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4514
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4556
msgid ""
"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4528
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4563
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4570
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4543
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4578
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4584
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4557
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4592
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4602
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those skills. "
"Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4616
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4587
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4622
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4632
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4639
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and grit. "
"Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in books "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4610
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4645
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4617
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4652
msgid ""
"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4656
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4623
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4658
msgid "## Noun Project"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4627
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4662
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4664
msgid "thenounproject.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4666
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4633
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4668
msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4635
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4670
msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4641
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4676
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4689
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4696
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4704
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4710
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4683
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4718
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s quality-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4723
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4735
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4744
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4715
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4750
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4727
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4773
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4777
msgid ""
"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For one-"
"off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4786
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4756
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4791
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4762
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4774
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4809
msgid ""
"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4780
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4815
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4820
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4792
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4827
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4797
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4805
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4818
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4853
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4861
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid ""
"www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-"
"visual-sy/description"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4832
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4834
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4869
msgid "## Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4838
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4840
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4875
msgid "theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4843
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4878
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
"donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4845
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4847
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4882
msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4857
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4892
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the London-"
"based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4867
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4902
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of society. "
"Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight time data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4908
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4880
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4915
msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4888
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4923
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4929
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4935
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4942
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4910
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4945
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4921
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4956
msgid ""
"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4933
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4968
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4976
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more demand. "
"Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship with an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4948
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4983
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4990
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4958
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4993
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4973
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5008
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4981
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5016
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United Kingdom. "
"But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors from over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4991
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5026
msgid ""
"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4995
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5030
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5003
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5038
msgid ""
"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5009
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5044
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5014
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5049
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5054
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5039
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5086
msgid ""
"Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid ""
"e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-"
"business-plan-may-release.pdf"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid ""
"theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5060
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5095
msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5062
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5097
msgid "## OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5066
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5101
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5068
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5103
msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5070
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7021
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7055
msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5107
msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5074
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5109
msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5081
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5116
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5131
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5137
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5112
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5118
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5153
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5122
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5157
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5128
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5163
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5133
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5168
msgid ""
"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5138
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5173
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5182
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5155
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5190
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5194
msgid ""
"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5197
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to third-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5184
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5219
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5186
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5221
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5195
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5230
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5203
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5238
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
msgid ""
"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5250
msgid ""
"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5223
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5258
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5264
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5278
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5284
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5252
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5287
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5254
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5289
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5292
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5261
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5296
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5270
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5279
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5314
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5285
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5320
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5297
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5332
msgid "openmaking.is"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5299
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
msgid "## OpenStax"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5303
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5338
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement courses. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5305
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5340
msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5308
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5343
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
"physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5345
msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5312
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5347
msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5325
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5360
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5334
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5369
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5379
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5353
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5388
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5361
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5396
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5403
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5408
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5413
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5383
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5418
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5392
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5427
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on philanthropy. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5436
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5444
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5419
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5454
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak efficiency. "
"OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing textbook content, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5425
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5460
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5469
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5445
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5480
msgid ""
"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5452
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5498
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5478
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5513
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5487
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5522
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an up-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5495
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5530
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5504
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5539
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5507
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
msgid ""
"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5516
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5551
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5556
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5527
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5562
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5537
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5572
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
msgid ""
"news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5542
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5577
msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5544
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5579
msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5581
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5548
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5583
msgid "amandapalmer.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5552
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5587
msgid ""
"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5589
msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5595
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5601
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5608
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5620
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5604
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5639
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5649
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5629
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5664
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5636
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5671
msgid ""
"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5644
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5679
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5654
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5689
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5698
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5705
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5713
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5686
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5721
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5693
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5701
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5736
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5755
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5728
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5763
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5732
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5767
msgid ""
"http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-"
"uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5734
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5769
msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5773
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the U."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5740
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5775
msgid "plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5743
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5778
msgid ""
"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
"featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5745
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5780
msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5747
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5782
msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5761
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5796
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5806
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5816
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5791
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5826
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5802
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5810
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5845
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5850
msgid ""
"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5830
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5865
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5872
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC BY). "
"This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5841
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5876
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5884
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5854
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5889
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5862
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5897
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5869
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5904
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5890
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5925
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5894
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5899
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5934
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5909
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5944
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5929
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5964
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5937
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5972
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5949
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5984
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5958
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5993
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5966
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6001
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5970
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6005
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
msgid "collections.plos.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5975
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6010
msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5977
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6012
msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5980
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6015
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5982
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6017
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5985
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6021
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version"
+"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
+"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5987
-msgid "(museum admission), selling merchandise"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5989
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6023
msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6026
msgid ""
"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
"department"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6008
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6042
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6054
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6028
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6062
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6040
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6074
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6085
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6063
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6097
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6107
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for free. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6086
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6120
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of poor-"
"quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of Vermeer’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6093
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6127
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6105
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6139
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6112
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6121
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6155
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6160
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6136
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the Rijksstudio. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6146
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6180
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6193
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6197
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6170
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6204
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6181
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6198
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6232
msgid ""
"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/"
"en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6208
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6242
msgid ""
"www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/"
"creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6210
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6244
msgid "## Shareable"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6247
msgid ""
"Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6215
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6249
msgid "www.shareable.net"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6252
msgid ""
"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
"sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6254
msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6256
msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6267
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6277
msgid ""
"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6250
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6284
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6259
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6293
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6269
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6303
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6278
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6312
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6290
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6324
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6336
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6310
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6344
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6315
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6349
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6357
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
msgid ""
"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6342
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6376
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6382
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6362
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6396
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6367
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a one-size-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6369
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6403
msgid "## Siyavula"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6373
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6407
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
msgid "www.siyavula.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6377
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6411
msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6379
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6413
msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6415
msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6423
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6394
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6428
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6401
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6435
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6409
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6443
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6450
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6421
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6455
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6436
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6483
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6491
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6463
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6497
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6470
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6504
msgid ""
"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6477
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6511
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6485
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6519
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6530
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6501
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6535
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6543
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6517
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6551
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6524
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6558
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6563
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6536
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6570
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6546
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6580
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale up. "
"They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6554
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6588
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6560
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6594
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6566
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6600
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6574
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6608
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6581
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6615
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6590
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6624
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6598
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6632
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6605
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6619
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The government-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6626
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6660
msgid ""
"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6639
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6673
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "cnx.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6646
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6648
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6682
msgid "## Sparkfun"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6651
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6685
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open hardware. "
"Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6653
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6687
msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6655
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6689
msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6691
msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6693
msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6667
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6701
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6706
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan said. "
"“I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were never "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6680
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6714
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6722
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6726
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your laurels. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6734
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6708
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6717
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6724
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6758
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6731
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6765
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6738
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6772
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping parts. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6742
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6776
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6751
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6760
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6794
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6805
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6779
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6813
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6785
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6819
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6795
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6803
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6811
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6845
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6823
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6857
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6825
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6859
msgid "## TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6829
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6863
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6831
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6865
msgid "teachaids.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6833
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6867
msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6835
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6869
msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6837
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6871
msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6878
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6855
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6889
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6873
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6883
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6917
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6887
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6921
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6900
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6934
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6907
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6914
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6948
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6927
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6961
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6941
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6975
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6958
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6992
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6969
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7003
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6978
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7012
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6986
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7020
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6997
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7031
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya said. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7004
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7038
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7045
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving education"
"—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins the work; "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7013
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7047
msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7017
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7053
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7023
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7025
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7059
msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7035
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7069
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7043
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7077
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7051
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7085
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7091
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7064
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7098
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7072
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7106
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7124
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7101
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7108
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7117
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7151
msgid ""
"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7126
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7160
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7135
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7169
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7142
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7176
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7147
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7181
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7154
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7188
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to work. "
"With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing economy, the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7163
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7171
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7205
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7182
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7197
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7231
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7206
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7240
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7211
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7245
msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7213
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7247
msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7216
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7250
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7218
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7252
msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7220
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7254
msgid "Revenue model: donations"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7222
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7225
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7259
msgid ""
"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7229
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7235
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7269
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the articles. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what else?—"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7285
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7256
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7290
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7263
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7297
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7273
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7307
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7293
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7327
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7340
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7317
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7351
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7333
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7367
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7341
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7375
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7384
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7358
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7392
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7363
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7368
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7408
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
msgstr ""
#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7378
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7380
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7414
msgid "## Bibliography"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7385
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7419
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7389
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7425
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7394
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7428
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7397
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7431
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7402
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7436
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. www.benkler."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open Economy. "
"Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7412
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7446
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7415
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7449
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons. "
"Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7423
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through Commons-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7426
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7429
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7463
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7432
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7466
msgid ""
"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7434
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7468
msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7438
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7441
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7444
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7478
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7450
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7484
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7454
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7488
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7457
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7491
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7460
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7494
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7464
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7498
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. hbr.org/2015/01/the-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7469
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7472
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan Hoover. "
"New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7475
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a Post-"
"Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7479
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7513
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. ssir.org/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7482
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7516
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources. "
"New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7486
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, eds. "
"Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7524
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7527
msgid ""
"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7496
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7530
msgid ""
"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
"Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7499
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7533
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7503
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7537
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7506
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7540
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7509
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7543
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7546
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7518
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7552
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7520
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7554
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7557
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7560
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being Creative. "
"New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7563
msgid ""
"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7566
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7535
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7569
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7538
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7541
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7575
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7579
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7549
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7583
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at strategyzer."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7587
msgid ""
"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7590
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7596
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7567
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7601
msgid ""
"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. www.academia.edu/27143172/The"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7572
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7576
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7610
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7580
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7614
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7616
msgid ""
"Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7585
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7619
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7588
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7622
msgid ""
"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7591
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7625
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7594
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7597
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing Economy. "
"New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7603
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7637
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7606
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7640
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7608
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7642
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7612
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7646
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7649
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7652
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7658
msgid ""
"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7628
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7662
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. society30.com/"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7631
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7665
msgid ""
"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. web."
"mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7634
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7668
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. "
"Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7670
msgid "## Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7676
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"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7680
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"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
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+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7686
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"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7691
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"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter co-"
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7704
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7738
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
msgstr ""
#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8057
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8091
msgid ""
"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
projects / text-madewithcc.git / blobdiff