msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Made with Creative Commons 20170609-2\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-06 08:40+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-02-22 18:13+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3
-msgid "% Made with Creative Commons % Paul Stacey;Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
+#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3
+msgid "en"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5
-msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7
-msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:9
-msgid "© 2017, by Creative Commons."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:12
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:54
msgid ""
-"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
-"BY-SA), version 4.0."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:14
-msgid "ISBN 978-87-998733-3-3"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:16
-msgid "Cover and interior design by Klaus Nielsen, vinterstille.dk"
+"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
+"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
+"purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide "
+"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, "
+"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
+"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
+"<ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:18
-msgid "Content editing by Grace Yaginuma"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><publisher><address>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:24
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+" <city>Mexico City</city>\n"
+" "
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:20
-msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, bryanmathers.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:17
+msgid ""
+"<copyright> <year>2017</year> <holder>Creative Commons</holder> </copyright> "
+"<publisher> <publishername>Gunnar Wolf</publishername> <placeholder "
+"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/> </publisher>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:22
-msgid "Downloadable e-book available at madewith.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:27
+msgid "Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:24
-msgid "Publisher:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:30
+msgid "Paul"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:26
-msgid "Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:31
+msgid "Stacey"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:28
-msgid "Husumgade 10, 5."
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><firstname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:34
+msgid "Sarah Hinchliff"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:30
-msgid "2200 Copenhagen N"
+#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><authorgroup><author><surname>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:35
+msgid "Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:32
-msgid "Denmark"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:41
+msgid "Made With Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:34
-msgid "www.cadb.dk"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:42
+msgid "by Paul Stacey & Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:36
-msgid "hey@cadb.dk"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:43
+msgid "© 2017 by the Creative Commons Foundation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:38
-msgid "Printer:"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:44
+msgid ""
+"Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC "
+"BY-SA), version 4.0."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:40
-msgid "Drukarnia POZKAL Spółka z o.o. Spółka komandytowa"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:46
+msgid ""
+"ISBN: YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (PDF), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED (ePub), YET-TO-BE-DECIDED "
+"(Paperback)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:42
-msgid "88-100 Inowrocław,"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:48
+msgid "Illustrations by Bryan Mathers, <ulink url=\"https://bryanmathers.com/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:44
-msgid "ul. Cegielna 10/12,"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:49
+msgid "Publisher: Gunnar Wolf."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:46
-msgid "Poland"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:51
+msgid " "
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:54
-msgid ""
-"This book is published under a CC BY-SA license, which means that you can "
-"copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the content for any "
-"purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide "
-"a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, "
-"transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your "
-"contributions under the same license as the original. License details: "
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:52
+msgid "Downloadable e-book available at <ulink url=\"https://madewith.cc/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:58
+#. type: Content of: <book><colophon><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:61
msgid ""
"Made With Creative Commons is published with the kind support of Creative "
"Commons and backers of our crowdfunding-campaign on the Kickstarter.com "
"platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:69
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:69
msgid ""
-"> “I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . > The way that "
-"I think about these things, and in terms of what I can do > is. . . essays "
-"like this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably > bright but also "
-"reasonably average pay far closer attention and think at > far more length "
-"about all sorts of different stuff than most of us have > a chance to in our "
-"daily lives.” > > > > — *David Foster Wallace*"
+"“I don’t know a whole lot about nonfiction journalism. . . The way that I "
+"think about these things, and in terms of what I can do is. . . essays like "
+"this are occasions to watch somebody reasonably bright but also reasonably "
+"average pay far closer attention and think at far more length about all "
+"sorts of different stuff than most of us have a chance to in our daily "
+"lives.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><dedication><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:77
+msgid "— <emphasis>David Foster Wallace</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:71
-msgid "## Foreword"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:82
+msgid "Foreword"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:79
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:84
msgid ""
"Three years ago, just after I was hired as CEO of Creative Commons, I met "
"with Cory Doctorow in the hotel bar of Toronto’s Gladstone Hotel. As one of "
"the pursuit of viable business models through CC “a red herring.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:85
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:93
msgid ""
"He was, in a way, completely correct—those who make things with Creative "
"Commons have ulterior motives, as Paul Stacey explains in this book: "
"is a means to a social end, not the end itself.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:91
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:101
msgid ""
"In the case study about Cory Doctorow, Sarah Hinchliff Pearson cites Cory’s "
"words from his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: “Entering the arts "
"course, someone always wins the lottery.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:98
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:109
msgid ""
"Today, copyright is like a lottery ticket—everyone has one, and almost "
"nobody wins. What they don’t tell you is that if you choose to share your "
-"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled "
+"work, the returns can be significant and long-lasting. This book is filled "
"with stories of those who take much greater risks than the two dollars we "
"pay for a lottery ticket, and instead reap the rewards that come from "
"pursuing their passions and living their values."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:104
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:118
msgid ""
"So it’s not about the money. Also: it is. Finding the means to continue to "
-"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
+"create and share often requires some amount of income. Max Temkin of Cards "
"Against Humanity says it best in their case study: “We don’t make jokes and "
"games to make money—we make money so we can make more jokes and games.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:112
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:125
msgid ""
"Creative Commons’ focus is on building a vibrant, usable commons, powered by "
"collaboration and gratitude. Enabling communities of collaboration is at the "
"write Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:120
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:134
msgid ""
"Paul dreams of a future where new models of creativity and innovation "
"overpower the inequality and scarcity that today define the worst parts of "
"and community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:130
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:143
msgid ""
"Sarah is the best kind of lawyer—a true advocate who believes in the good of "
-"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
+"people, and the power of collective acts to change the world. Over the past "
"year I’ve seen Sarah struggle with the heartbreak that comes from investing "
"so much into a political campaign that didn’t end as she’d hoped. Today, "
"she’s more determined than ever to live with her values right out on her "
"more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:139
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:155
msgid ""
"As coauthors, Paul and Sarah complement each other perfectly. They "
"researched, analyzed, argued, and worked as a team, sometimes together and "
"passion and curiosity, and a deep respect for what goes into building the "
"commons and sharing with the world. They remained open to new ideas, "
"including the possibility that their initial theories would need refinement "
-"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
+"or might be completely wrong. That’s courageous, and it has made for a "
"better book that is insightful, honest, and useful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:145
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:166
msgid ""
"From the beginning, CC wanted to develop this project with the principles "
"and values of open collaboration. The book was funded, developed, "
"itself, an example of an open business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:152
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:174
msgid ""
"For 31 days in August of 2015, Sarah took point to organize and execute a "
"Kickstarter campaign to generate the core funding for the book. The "
"them new supporters of Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:161
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:183
msgid ""
"Paul and Sarah worked openly throughout the project, publishing the plans, "
"drafts, case studies, and analysis, early and often, and they engaged "
"communities all over the world to help write this book. As their opinions "
"diverged and their interests came into focus, they divided their voices and "
-"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way "
+"decided to keep them separate in the final product. Working in this way "
"requires both humility and self-confidence, and without question it has made "
"Made with Creative Commons a better project."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:166
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:193
msgid ""
-"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
+"Those who work and share in the commons are not typical creators. They are "
"part of something greater than themselves, and what they offer us all is a "
"profound gift. What they receive in return is gratitude and a community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:173
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:199
msgid ""
-"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
+"Jonathan Mann, who is profiled in this book, writes a song a day. When I "
"reached out to ask him to write a song for our Kickstarter (and to offer "
"himself up as a Kickstarter benefit), he agreed immediately. Why would he "
"agree to do that? Because the commons has collaboration at its core, and "
"share in the ways that they choose with a global audience."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:185
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:208
msgid ""
"Sarah writes, “Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when "
"community is built around what they do. This may mean a community "
"genuinely of value to them.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:194
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:222
msgid ""
"This is not a typical business book. For those looking for a recipe or a "
"roadmap, you might be disappointed. But for those looking to pursue a social "
"end, to build something great through collaboration, or to join a powerful "
-"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with "
+"and growing global community, they’re sure to be satisfied. Made with "
"Creative Commons offers a world-changing set of clearly articulated values "
"and principles, some essential tools for exploring your own business "
"opportunities, and two dozen doses of pure inspiration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:202
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:232
msgid ""
"In a 1996 Stanford Law Review article “The Zones of Cyberspace”, CC founder "
"Lawrence Lessig wrote, “Cyberspace is a place. People live there. They "
"sometimes like.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:208
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:241
msgid ""
"I’m incredibly proud that Creative Commons is able to publish this book for "
-"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
+"the many communities that we have come to know and like. I’m grateful to "
"Paul and Sarah for their creativity and insights, and to the global "
-"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
+"communities that have helped us bring it to you. As CC board member "
"Johnathan Nightingale often says, “It’s all made of people.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:210
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:249
msgid "That’s the true value of things that are Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:212
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*Ryan Merkley*\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:252
+msgid "<emphasis>Ryan Merkley</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:214
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*CEO, Creative Commons*\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:255
+msgid "<emphasis>CEO, Creative Commons</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:216
-msgid "## Introduction"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:259
+msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:219
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:261
msgid ""
"This book shows the world how sharing can be good for business—but with a "
"twist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:229
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:265
msgid ""
"We began the project intending to explore how creators, organizations, and "
"businesses make money to sustain what they do when they share their work "
"analyze their business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:236
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:277
msgid ""
"Through the generous funding of Kickstarter backers, we set about this "
"project first by identifying and selecting a diverse group of creators, "
"literature."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:239
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:285
msgid ""
"But as we did our research, something interesting happened. Our initial way "
"of framing the work did not match the stories we were hearing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:245
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:290
msgid ""
"Those we interviewed were not typical businesses selling to consumers and "
-"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
+"seeking to maximize profits and the bottom line. Instead, they were sharing "
"to make the world a better place, creating relationships and community "
"around the works being shared, and generating revenue not for unlimited "
"growth but to sustain the operation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:251
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:298
msgid ""
"They often didn’t like hearing what they do described as an open business "
-"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
+"model. Their endeavor was something more than that. Something "
"different. Something that generates not just economic value but social and "
"cultural value. Something that involves human connection. Being Made with "
"Creative Commons is not “business as usual.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:259
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:306
msgid ""
"We had to rethink the way we conceived of this project. And it didn’t happen "
"overnight. From the fall of 2015 through 2016, we documented our thoughts in "
"dramatically over the course of a year and a half."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:268
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:315
msgid ""
"Throughout the process, the two of us have often had very different ways of "
"understanding and describing what we were learning. Learning from each other "
"has been one of the great joys of this work, and, we hope, something that "
"has made the final product much richer than it ever could have been if "
-"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices "
+"either of us undertook this project alone. We have preserved our voices "
"throughout, and you’ll be able to sense our different but complementary "
"approaches as you read through our different sections."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:272
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:325
msgid ""
"While we recommend that you read the book from start to finish, each section "
"reads more or less independently. The book is structured into two main "
"parts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:279
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:330
msgid ""
"Part one, the overview, begins with a big-picture framework written by "
"Paul. He provides some historical context for the digital commons, "
"and enlarging the digital commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:288
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:338
msgid ""
"The overview continues with Sarah’s chapter, as she considers what it means "
"to be successfully Made with Creative Commons. While making money is one "
"share."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:294
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:348
msgid ""
"And to end part one, we have a short section that explains the different "
"Creative Commons licenses. We talk about the misconception that the more "
"model of traditional copyright—are the only ways to make money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:299
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:355
msgid ""
"Part two of the book is made up of the twenty-four stories of the creators, "
"businesses, and organizations we interviewed. While both of us participated "
"in the interviews, we divided up the writing of these profiles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:303
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:361
msgid ""
"Of course, we are pleased to make the book available using a Creative "
"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license. Please copy, distribute, translate, "
"localize, and build upon this work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:309
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:366
msgid ""
"Writing this book has transformed and inspired us. The way we now look at "
"and think about what it means to be Made with Creative Commons has "
"economy and world for the better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:311
-#, no-wrap
-msgid "*Paul and Sarah *\n"
+#. type: Content of: <book><preface><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:373
+msgid "<emphasis>Paul and Sarah </emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:314
-msgid "# The Big Picture"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:377
+msgid "The Big Picture"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:316
-msgid "## The New World of Digital Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:379
+msgid "The New World of Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:318
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:381
msgid "Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:326
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:391
+msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:384
msgid ""
"Jonathan Rowe eloquently describes the commons as “the air and oceans, the "
"web of species, wilderness and flowing water—all are parts of the "
"commons. So are language and knowledge, sidewalks and public squares, the "
"stories of childhood and the processes of democracy. Some parts of the "
-"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
-"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and calligraphy.”1"
+"commons are gifts of nature, others the product of human endeavor. Some are "
+"new, such as the Internet; others are as ancient as soil and "
+"calligraphy.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:335
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:396
msgid ""
"In Made with Creative Commons, we focus on our current era of digital "
"commons, a commons of human-produced works. This commons cuts across a broad "
"range of areas including cultural heritage, education, research, technology, "
-"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced "
+"art, design, literature, entertainment, business, and data. Human-produced "
"works in all these areas are increasingly digital. The Internet is a kind of "
"global, digital commons. The individuals, organizations, and businesses we "
"profile in our case studies use Creative Commons to share their resources "
"online over the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:346
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:411
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:419
+msgid "Ibid., 15."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:407
msgid ""
"The commons is not just about shared resources, however. It’s also about the "
"social practices and values that manage them. A resource is a noun, but to "
-"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.2 The creators, "
-"organizations, and businesses we profile are all engaged with "
-"commoning. Their use of Creative Commons involves them in the social "
-"practice of commoning, managing resources in a collective manner with a "
-"community of users.3 Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that "
-"balance the costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the "
-"community. Special regard is given to equitable access, use, and "
-"sustainability."
+"common—to put the resource into the commons—is a verb.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The creators, organizations, and businesses we "
+"profile are all engaged with commoning. Their use of Creative Commons "
+"involves them in the social practice of commoning, managing resources in a "
+"collective manner with a community of users.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> Commoning is guided by a set of values and norms that balance the "
+"costs and benefits of the enterprise with those of the community. Special "
+"regard is given to equitable access, use, and sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:348
-msgid "### The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:426
+msgid "The Commons, the Market, and the State"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:432
+msgid "Ibid., 145."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:353
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:428
msgid ""
"Historically, there have been three ways to manage resources and share "
"wealth: the commons (managed collectively), the state (i.e., the "
"government), and the market—with the last two being the dominant forms "
-"today.4"
+"today.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:361
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:441
+msgid "Ibid., 175."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:436
msgid ""
"The organizations and businesses in our case studies are unique in the way "
"they participate in the commons while still engaging with the market and/or "
"state. The extent of engagement with market or state varies. Some operate "
-"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or state.5 "
-"Others are very much a part of the market or state, depending on them for "
-"financial sustainability. All operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the "
-"commons with those of the market or state."
+"primarily as a commons with minimal or no reliance on the market or "
+"state.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Others are very much a part "
+"of the market or state, depending on them for financial sustainability. All "
+"operate as hybrids, blending the norms of the commons with those of the "
+"market or state."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:364
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:448
msgid ""
"Fig. 1. is a depiction of how an enterprise can have varying levels of "
"engagement with commons, state, and market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:373
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:452
msgid ""
"Some of our case studies are simply commons and market enterprises with "
"little or no engagement with the state. A depiction of those case studies "
"which they operate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:381
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:463
msgid ""
"All our case studies generate money as a means of livelihood and "
"sustainability. Money is primarily of the market. Finding ways to generate "
"strong sense of values, and the ability to blend the best of both."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:387
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:472
msgid ""
"The state has an important role to play in fostering the use and adoption of "
"the commons. State programs and funding can deliberately contribute to and "
"copyright, business, and finance can all be designed to foster the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:390
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:479 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:485
+msgid "Enterprise engagements"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:481
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.5417in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000008000000045C30360249076453E6.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:398
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:480 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:529 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:646 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:775 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:816 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:900
+msgid "<placeholder type=\"mediaobject\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:491
msgid ""
"It’s helpful to understand how the commons, market, and state manage "
"resources differently, and not just for those who consider themselves "
"success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:400
-msgid "### The Four Aspects of a Resource"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:502
+msgid "The Four Aspects of a Resource"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:408
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:507
+msgid ""
+"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
+"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
+"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
+"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:504
msgid ""
"As part of her Nobel Prize–winning work, Elinor Ostrom developed a framework "
-"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.6 Her framework "
-"considered things like the biophysical characteristics of common resources, "
-"the community’s actors and the interactions that take place between them, "
-"rules-in-use, and outcomes. That framework has been simplified and "
-"generalized to apply to the commons, the market, and the state for this "
-"chapter."
+"for analyzing how natural resources are managed in a commons.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Her framework considered things like the "
+"biophysical characteristics of common resources, the community’s actors and "
+"the interactions that take place between them, rules-in-use, and "
+"outcomes. That framework has been simplified and generalized to apply to the "
+"commons, the market, and the state for this chapter."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:414
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:520
msgid ""
"To compare and contrast the ways in which the commons, market, and state "
"work, let’s consider four aspects of resource management: resource "
"outcomes of that use (see Fig. 2)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:417
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:528 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:534
+msgid "Aspects of resource management"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:530
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"6.5in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000007D0000007D0ACF13F8B71EAF0B9.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:419
-msgid "#### Characteristics"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:540
+msgid "Characteristics"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:424
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:542
msgid ""
"Resources have particular characteristics or attributes that affect the way "
"they can be used. Some resources are natural; others are human "
"digital, which affects a resource’s inherent potential."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:433
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:549
msgid ""
"Physical resources exist in limited supply. If I have a physical resource "
-"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
+"and give it to you, I no longer have it. When a resource is removed and "
"used, the supply becomes scarce or depleted. Scarcity can result in "
"competing rivalry for the resource. Made with Creative Commons enterprises "
"are usually digitally based but some of our case studies also produce "
"physical good usually require them to engage with the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:441
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:560
msgid ""
-"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
+"Physical resources are depletable, exclusive, and rivalrous. Digital "
"resources, on the other hand, are nondepletable, nonexclusive, and "
"nonrivalrous. If I share a digital resource with you, we both have the "
"resource. Giving it to you does not mean I no longer have it. Digital "
"inherent characteristic of digital resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:448
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:570
msgid ""
"The nondepletable, nonexclusive, and nonrivalrous nature of digital "
-"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
+"resources means the rules and norms for managing them can (and ought to) be "
"different from how physical resources are managed. However, this is not "
"always the case. Digital resources are frequently made artificially "
"scarce. Placing digital resources in the commons makes them free and "
"abundant."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:457
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:578
msgid ""
"Our case studies frequently manage hybrid resources, which start out as "
"digital with the possibility of being made into a physical resource. The "
"digital file of a book can be printed on paper and made into a physical "
"book. A computer-rendered design for furniture can be physically "
-"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably "
-"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
+"manufactured in wood. This conversion from digital to physical invariably "
+"has costs. Often the digital resources are managed in a free and open way, "
"but money is charged to convert a digital resource into a physical one."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:465
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:589
msgid ""
"Beyond this idea of physical versus digital, the commons, market, and state "
-"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources as "
-"private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The state "
-"sees resources as public goods that provide value to state citizens. The "
-"commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common wealth extending "
-"beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or enhanced form to "
-"future generations."
+"conceive of resources differently (see Fig. 3). The market sees resources "
+"as private goods—commodities for sale—from which value is extracted. The "
+"state sees resources as public goods that provide value to state "
+"citizens. The commons sees resources as common goods, providing a common "
+"wealth extending beyond state boundaries, to be passed on in undiminished or "
+"enhanced form to future generations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:467
-msgid "#### People and processes"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:600
+msgid "People and processes"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:471
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:602
msgid ""
"In the commons, the market, and the state, different people and processes "
"are used to manage resources. The processes used define both who has a say "
"and how a resource is managed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:479
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:607
msgid ""
"In the state, a government of elected officials is responsible for managing "
"resources on behalf of the public. The citizens who produce and use those "
"resources are not directly involved; instead, that responsibility is given "
-"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with public "
-"servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based on "
-"government priorities and procedures."
+"over to the government. State ministries and departments staffed with "
+"public servants set budgets, implement programs, and manage resources based "
+"on government priorities and procedures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:486
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:616
msgid ""
"In the market, the people involved are producers, buyers, sellers, and "
"consumers. Businesses act as intermediaries between those who produce "
"consumers on the basis of a cash transaction."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:500
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:627
+msgid ""
+"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
+"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:625
msgid ""
"In contrast to the state and market, resources in a commons are managed more "
-"directly by the people involved.7 Creators of human produced resources can "
-"put them in the commons by personal choice. No permission from state or "
-"market is required. Anyone can participate in the commons and determine for "
-"themselves the extent to which they want to be involved—as a contributor, "
-"user, or manager. The people involved include not only those who create and "
-"use resources but those affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your "
-"say, actions you can take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, "
-"the community as a whole manages the resources. Resources put into the "
-"commons using Creative Commons require users to give the original creator "
-"credit. Knowing the person behind a resource makes the commons less "
-"anonymous and more personal."
+"directly by the people involved.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Creators of human produced resources can put them in the commons by personal "
+"choice. No permission from state or market is required. Anyone can "
+"participate in the commons and determine for themselves the extent to which "
+"they want to be involved—as a contributor, user, or manager. The people "
+"involved include not only those who create and use resources but those "
+"affected by outcome of use. Who you are affects your say, actions you can "
+"take, and extent of decision making. In the commons, the community as a "
+"whole manages the resources. Resources put into the commons using Creative "
+"Commons require users to give the original creator credit. Knowing the "
+"person behind a resource makes the commons less anonymous and more personal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:645 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:651
+msgid "Different views on resources"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:503
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:647
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"4.2362in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000009C40000065D9EC4F530BD4DFBE0.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:505
-msgid "#### Norms and rules"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:658
+msgid "Norms and rules"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:510
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:660
msgid ""
"The social interactions between people, and the processes used by the state, "
"market, and commons, evolve social norms and rules. These norms and rules "
"define permissions, allocate entitlements, and resolve disputes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:516
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:666
msgid ""
"State authority is governed by national constitutions. Norms related to "
"priorities and decision making are defined by elected officials and "
"market and commons through the rules it passes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:674
msgid ""
"Market norms are influenced by economics and competition for scarce "
"resources. Market rules follow property, business, and financial laws "
"defined by the state."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:527
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:686
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:679
msgid ""
"As with the market, a commons can be influenced by state policies, "
"regulations, and laws. But the norms and rules of a commons are largely "
"defined by the community. They weigh individual costs and benefits against "
"the costs and benefits to the whole community. Consideration is given not "
-"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and sustainability.9"
+"just to economic efficiency but also to equity and "
+"sustainability.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:529
-msgid "#### Goals"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:691
+msgid "Goals"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:534
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:693
msgid ""
"The combination of the aspects we’ve discussed so far—the resource’s "
"inherent characteristics, people and processes, and norms and rules—shape "
"state, market, and commons have."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:541
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:705
+msgid ""
+"Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in a "
+"Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the Commodification of "
+"Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: "
+"University of Regina Press, 2015), 201–4."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:700
msgid ""
-"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What "
-"we pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the "
-"utility they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value "
-"in the economy.10 Units consumed translates to sales, revenue, profit, and "
-"growth, and these are all ways to measure goals of the market."
+"In the market, the focus is on maximizing the utility of a resource. What we "
+"pay for the goods we consume is seen as an objective measure of the utility "
+"they provide. The goal then becomes maximizing total monetary value in the "
+"economy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Units consumed translates "
+"to sales, revenue, profit, and growth, and these are all ways to measure "
+"goals of the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:715
msgid ""
"The state aims to use and manage resources in a way that balances the "
"economy with the social and cultural needs of its citizens. Health care, "
"measures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:555
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:724
msgid ""
"In the commons, the goal is maximizing access, equity, distribution, "
-"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
+"participation, innovation, and sustainability. You can measure success by "
"looking at how many people access and use a resource; how users are "
"distributed across gender, income, and location; if a community to extend "
"and enhance the resources is being formed; and if the resources are being "
"used in innovative ways for personal and social good."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:560
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:733
msgid ""
"As hybrid combinations of the commons with the market or state, the success "
"and sustainability of all our case study enterprises depends on their "
"managing resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:562
-msgid "### A Short History of the Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:741
+msgid "A Short History of the Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:569
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:743
msgid ""
"Using the commons to manage resources is part of a long historical "
"continuum. However, in contemporary society, the market and the state "
"about the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:575
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:752
msgid ""
"But the more than 1.1 billion resources licensed with Creative Commons "
"around the world are indications of a grassroots move toward the "
"history."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:584
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:763
+msgid ""
+"Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the Commons for "
+"the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, "
+"2014), 42–43."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:759
msgid ""
"For centuries, indigenous people and preindustrialized societies managed "
"resources, including water, food, firewood, irrigation, fish, wild game, and "
-"many other things collectively as a commons.11 There was no market, no "
-"global economy. The state in the form of rulers influenced the commons but "
-"by no means controlled it. Direct social participation in a commons was the "
-"primary way in which resources were managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 "
-"illustrates the commons in relation to the state and the market.)"
+"many other things collectively as a commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> There was no market, no global economy. The state in the form of "
+"rulers influenced the commons but by no means controlled it. Direct social "
+"participation in a commons was the primary way in which resources were "
+"managed and needs met. (Fig. 4 illustrates the commons in relation to the "
+"state and the market.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:774 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:780
+msgid "Long ago"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:587
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:776
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000009C4000005153EACBD62F00F6BA9.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:788
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:595
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:792
msgid ""
-"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) "
-"taking over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of "
-"the commons.12 In olden days, “commoners” were evicted from the land, fences "
-"and hedges erected, laws passed, and security set up to forbid access.13 "
+"Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
+"Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; "
+"and Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 88."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:785
+msgid ""
+"This is followed by a long history of the state (a monarchy or ruler) taking "
+"over the commons for their own purposes. This is called enclosure of the "
+"commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In olden days, “commoners” "
+"were evicted from the land, fences and hedges erected, laws passed, and "
+"security set up to forbid access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> "
"Gradually, resources became the property of the state and the state became "
"the primary means by which resources were managed. (See Fig. 5)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:607
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:801
msgid ""
"Holdings of land, water, and game were distributed to ruling family and "
"political appointees. Commoners displaced from the land migrated to "
"cities. With the emergence of the industrial revolution, land and resources "
-"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
+"became commodities sold to businesses to support production. Monarchies "
"evolved into elected parliaments. Commoners became labourers earning money "
"operating the machinery of industry. Financial, business, and property laws "
"were revised by governments to support markets, growth, and "
"today the market is the primary means by which resources are managed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:610
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:815 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:821
+msgid "State takeover of the commons"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:817
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000009C4000005150F069409C1CC12F0.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:614
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:827
msgid ""
"However, the world today is going through turbulent times. The benefits of "
"the market have been offset by unequal distribution and overexploitation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:623
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:832
msgid ""
"Overexploitation was the topic of Garrett Hardin’s influential essay “The "
"Tragedy of the Commons,” published in Science in 1968. Hardin argues that "
"everyone in a commons seeks to maximize personal gain and will continue to "
-"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
+"do so even when the limits of the commons are reached. The commons is then "
"tragically depleted to the point where it can no longer support "
"anyone. Hardin’s essay became widely accepted as an economic truism and a "
"justification for private property and free markets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:640
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:859
+msgid ""
+"Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
+"“Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg "
+"Governing Knowledge Commons, 12."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:842
msgid ""
"However, there is one serious flaw with Hardin’s “The Tragedy of the "
"Commons”—it’s fiction. Hardin did not actually study how real commons "
"and are therefore best situated to manage it. Ostrom’s approach to the "
"governance of natural resources broke with convention; she recognized the "
"importance of the commons as an alternative to the market or state for "
-"solving problems of collective action.14"
+"solving problems of collective action.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:650
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:865
msgid ""
"Hardin failed to consider the actual social dynamic of the commons. His "
"model assumed that people in the commons act autonomously, out of pure "
"accurately be titled The Tragedy of the Market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:660
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:881
+msgid ""
+"Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and Hepting, "
+"Free Knowledge, 203."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:877
msgid ""
"Hardin’s story is based on the premise of depletable resources. Economists "
-"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
-"known about how abundance works.15 The emergence of information technology "
-"and the Internet has led to an explosion in digital resources and new means "
-"of sharing and distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An "
-"absence of a theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the "
-"market to make digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible "
-"for the usual market norms and rules to be applied."
+"have focused almost exclusively on scarcity-based markets. Very little is "
+"known about how abundance works.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"The emergence of information technology and the Internet has led to an "
+"explosion in digital resources and new means of sharing and "
+"distribution. Digital resources can never be depleted. An absence of a "
+"theory or model for how abundance works, however, has led the market to make "
+"digital resources artificially scarce and makes it possible for the usual "
+"market norms and rules to be applied."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:665
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:892
msgid ""
"When it comes to use of state funds to create digital goods, however, there "
"is really no justification for artificial scarcity. The norm for state "
"the public that paid for them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:668
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject><textobject><phrase>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:899 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:905
+msgid "Today"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><figure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:901
msgid ""
-"{width=\"6.5in\" "
-"height=\"3.389in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000009C400000515F1CAA15B223F6BAF.png\" "
+"width=\"100.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:670
-msgid "### The Digital Revolution"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:911
+msgid "The Digital Revolution"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:674
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:913
msgid ""
"In the early days of computing, programmers and developers learned from each "
"other by sharing software. In the 1980s, the free-software movement codified "
"this practice of sharing into a set of principles and freedoms:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:921
msgid "The freedom to run a software program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:927
msgid ""
"The freedom to study how a software program works (because access to the "
"source code has been freely given), and change it so it does your computing "
"as you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:934
msgid "The freedom to redistribute copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:682
-msgid "The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.16"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:941
+msgid ""
+"“What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software "
+"Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30, 2016, "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:939
+msgid ""
+"The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to "
+"others.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:685
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:950
msgid ""
"These principles and freedoms constitute a set of norms and rules that "
"typify a digital commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:698
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:965
+msgid "Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November 22, 2016."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:954
msgid ""
"In the late 1990s, to make the sharing of source code and collaboration more "
"appealing to companies, the open-source-software initiative converted these "
"recognized and accepted. Customers liked the way open source gave them "
"control without being locked into a closed, proprietary technology. Free and "
"open-source software also generated a network effect where the value of a "
-"product or service increases with the number of people using it.17 The "
-"dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes much to the fact that nobody has "
-"a proprietary lock on core Internet protocols."
+"product or service increases with the number of people using it.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The dramatic growth of the Internet itself owes "
+"much to the fact that nobody has a proprietary lock on core Internet "
+"protocols."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:980
+msgid ""
+"Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the Bazaar: "
+"Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary, "
+"rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001), <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:707
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:972
msgid ""
"While open-source software functions as a commons, many businesses and "
"markets did build up around it. Business models based on the licenses and "
"standards of open-source software evolved alongside organizations that "
"managed software code on principles of abundance rather than scarcity. Eric "
"Raymond’s essay “The Magic Cauldron” does a great job of analyzing the "
-"economics and business models associated with open-source software.18 These "
-"models can provide examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with "
-"Creative Commons."
+"economics and business models associated with open-source "
+"software.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These models can provide "
+"examples of sustainable approaches for those Made with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:718
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:989
msgid ""
"It isn’t just about an abundant availability of digital assets but also "
"about abundance of participation. The growth of personal computing, "
"permission."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:724
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1008
+msgid ""
+"New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
+"People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
+"2011), <ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1002
msgid ""
"But people like to share. One of the ways we define ourselves is by sharing "
"valuable and entertaining content. Doing so grows and nourishes "
"relationships, seeks to change opinions, encourages action, and informs "
"others about who we are and what we care about. Sharing lets us feel more "
-"involved with the world.19"
+"involved with the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:726
-msgid "### The Birth of Creative Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1016
+msgid "The Birth of Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:733
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1018
msgid ""
"In 2001, Creative Commons was created as a nonprofit to support all those "
"who wanted to share digital content. A suite of Creative Commons licenses "
"standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:747
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1039
+msgid ""
+"“Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30, 2016, "
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1027
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses have a three-layer design. The norms and rules of "
"each license are first expressed in full legal language as used by "
"beneath. The third layer is the machine-readable one, making it easy for the "
"Web to know a work is Creative Commons–licensed by expressing permissions in "
"a way that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology "
-"can understand.20 Taken together, these three layers ensure creators, users, "
-"and even the Web itself understand the norms and rules associated with "
-"digital content in a commons."
+"can understand.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Taken together, "
+"these three layers ensure creators, users, and even the Web itself "
+"understand the norms and rules associated with digital content in a commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:754
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1047
msgid ""
"In 2015, there were over one billion Creative Commons licensed works in a "
-"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People "
-"are using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four "
+"global commons. These works were viewed online 136 billion times. People are "
+"using Creative Commons licenses all around the world, in thirty-four "
"languages. These resources include photos, artwork, research articles in "
"journals, educational resources, music and other audio tracks, and videos."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:762
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1060
+msgid ""
+"Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA: Creative "
+"Commons, 2015), <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1055
msgid ""
"Individual artists, photographers, musicians, and filmmakers use Creative "
"Commons, but so do museums, governments, creative industries, manufacturers, "
"and publishers. Millions of websites use CC licenses, including major "
-"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.21 Users of "
-"Creative Commons are diverse and cut across many different sectors. (Our "
-"case studies were chosen to reflect that diversity.)"
+"platforms like Wikipedia and Flickr and smaller ones like blogs.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Users of Creative Commons are diverse and cut "
+"across many different sectors. (Our case studies were chosen to reflect that "
+"diversity.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:772
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1068
msgid ""
"Some see Creative Commons as a way to share a gift with others, a way of "
-"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
+"getting known, or a way to provide social benefit. Others are simply "
"committed to the norms associated with a commons. And for some, "
"participation has been spurred by the free-culture movement, a social "
"movement that promotes the freedom to distribute and modify creative "
"software movement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:778
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1080
msgid ""
"Over time, Creative Commons has spawned a range of open movements, including "
"open educational resources, open access, open science, and open data. The "
"use, and modify."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:788
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1093
+msgid ""
+"Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified September 24, "
+"2016, <ulink "
+"url=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Government_Partnership\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1088
msgid ""
-"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
+"The state is increasingly involved in supporting open movements. The Open "
"Government Partnership was launched in 2011 to provide an international "
"platform for governments to become more open, accountable, and responsive to "
"citizens. Since then, it has grown from eight participating countries to "
-"seventy.22 In all these countries, government and civil society are working "
-"together to develop and implement ambitious open-government "
-"reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting Creative Commons to ensure "
-"works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and free to the public that paid "
-"for them."
+"seventy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In all these countries, "
+"government and civil society are working together to develop and implement "
+"ambitious open-government reforms. Governments are increasingly adopting "
+"Creative Commons to ensure works funded with taxpayer dollars are open and "
+"free to the public that paid for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1104
+msgid "The Changing Market"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:790
-msgid "### The Changing Market"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1112
+msgid "Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:802
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1120
+msgid "Ibid., 116."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1106
msgid ""
"Today’s market is largely driven by global capitalism. Law and financial "
"systems are structured to support extraction, privatization, and corporate "
"growth. A perception that the market is more efficient than the state has "
"led to continual privatization of many public natural resources, utilities, "
-"services, and infrastructures.23 While this system has been highly efficient "
-"at generating consumerism and the growth of gross domestic product, the "
-"impact on human well-being has been mixed. Offsetting rising living "
-"standards and improvements to health and education are ever-increasing "
-"wealth inequality, social inequality, poverty, deterioration of our natural "
-"environment, and breakdowns of democracy.24"
+"services, and infrastructures.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"While this system has been highly efficient at generating consumerism and "
+"the growth of gross domestic product, the impact on human well-being has "
+"been mixed. Offsetting rising living standards and improvements to health "
+"and education are ever-increasing wealth inequality, social inequality, "
+"poverty, deterioration of our natural environment, and breakdowns of "
+"democracy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:808
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1130
+msgid ""
+"The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm "
+"Statement” accessed February 15, 2017, <ulink "
+"url=\"http://sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1124
msgid ""
"In light of these challenges there is a growing recognition that GDP growth "
"should not be an end in itself, that development needs to be socially and "
"economically inclusive, that environmental sustainability is a requirement "
"not an option, and that we need to better balance the market, state and "
-"community.25"
+"community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1141
+msgid ""
+"City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
+"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans. LabGov (LABoratory "
+"for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, 2014), "
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1151
+msgid ""
+"The Seoul Sharing City website is <ulink "
+"url=\"http://english.sharehub.kr\"/>; for Amsterdam Sharing City, go to "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1136
msgid ""
"These realizations have led to a resurgence of interest in the commons as a "
"means of enabling that balance. City governments like Bologna, Italy, are "
"collaborating with their citizens to put in place regulations for the care "
-"and regeneration of urban commons.26 Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves "
-"“sharing cities,” looking to make sustainable and more efficient use of "
-"scarce resources. They see sharing as a way to improve the use of public "
-"spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and safety.27"
+"and regeneration of urban commons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Seoul and Amsterdam call themselves “sharing cities,” looking to make "
+"sustainable and more efficient use of scarce resources. They see sharing as "
+"a way to improve the use of public spaces, mobility, social cohesion, and "
+"safety.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1168
+msgid ""
+"Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New York: OR "
+"Books, 2015), 42."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:833
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1158
msgid ""
"The market itself has taken an interest in the sharing economy, with "
"businesses like Airbnb providing a peer-to-peer marketplace for short-term "
-"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and "
+"lodging and Uber providing a platform for ride sharing. However, Airbnb and "
"Uber are still largely operating under the usual norms and rules of the "
"market, making them less like a commons and more like a traditional business "
"seeking financial gain. Much of the sharing economy is not about the commons "
"or building an alternative to a corporate-driven market economy; it’s about "
-"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our lives.28 While "
-"none of the people we interviewed for our case studies would describe "
-"themselves as part of the sharing economy, there are in fact some "
-"significant parallels. Both the sharing economy and the commons make better "
-"use of asset capacity. The sharing economy sees personal residents and cars "
-"as having latent spare capacity with rental value. The equitable access of "
-"the commons broadens and diversifies the number of people who can use and "
-"derive value from an asset."
+"extending the deregulated free market into new areas of our "
+"lives.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> While none of the people we "
+"interviewed for our case studies would describe themselves as part of the "
+"sharing economy, there are in fact some significant parallels. Both the "
+"sharing economy and the commons make better use of asset capacity. The "
+"sharing economy sees personal residents and cars as having latent spare "
+"capacity with rental value. The equitable access of the commons broadens and "
+"diversifies the number of people who can use and derive value from an asset."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:843
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1190
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York: Hyperion, "
+"2010), 78."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1180
msgid ""
"One way Made with Creative Commons case studies differ from those of the "
"sharing economy is their focus on digital resources. Digital resources "
"function under different economic rules than physical ones. In a world where "
-"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an anomaly. "
-"Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
-"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
+"prices always seem to go up, information technology is an "
+"anomaly. Computer-processing power, storage, and bandwidth are all rapidly "
+"increasing, but rather than costs going up, costs are coming down. Digital "
"technologies are getting faster, better, and cheaper. The cost of anything "
-"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to zero.29"
+"built on these technologies will always go down until it is close to "
+"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:854
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1196
msgid ""
"Those that are Made with Creative Commons are looking to leverage the unique "
"inherent characteristics of digital resources, including lowering costs. The "
"Creative Commons licenses are used to put digital content out in the "
"commons, taking advantage of the unique economics associated with being "
"digital. The aim is to see digital resources used as widely and by as many "
-"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common "
-"goal. They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+"people as possible. Maximizing access and participation is a common goal. "
+"They aim for abundance over scarcity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1215
+msgid ""
+"Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
+"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism (New York: Palgrave "
+"Macmillan, 2014), 273."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:861
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1210
msgid ""
"The incremental cost of storing, copying, and distributing digital goods is "
"next to zero, making abundance possible. But imagining a market based on "
"abundance rather than scarcity is so alien to the way we conceive of "
-"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.30 Those that are "
-"Made with Creative Commons are each pioneering in this new landscape, "
-"devising their own economic models and practice."
+"economic theory and practice that we struggle to do so.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Those that are Made with Creative Commons are "
+"each pioneering in this new landscape, devising their own economic models "
+"and practice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:867
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1223
msgid ""
"Some are looking to minimize their interactions with the market and operate "
"as autonomously as possible. Others are operating largely as a business "
"looking to change the norms and rules by which the market operates."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:878
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1237
+msgid ""
+"Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
+"Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
+"from the Ground Up (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1246
+msgid ""
+"Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
+"Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2012), "
+"8–9."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1230
msgid ""
"For an ordinary corporation, making social benefit a part of its operations "
"is difficult, as it’s legally required to make decisions that financially "
"benefit stockholders. But new forms of business are emerging. There are "
"benefit corporations and social enterprises, which broaden their business "
"goals from making a profit to making a positive impact on society, workers, "
-"the community, and the environment.31 Community-owned businesses, "
-"worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, and other organizational "
-"forms offer alternatives to the traditional corporation. Collectively, these "
-"alternative market entities are changing the rules and norms of the "
-"market.32"
+"the community, and the environment.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Community-owned businesses, worker-owned businesses, cooperatives, guilds, "
+"and other organizational forms offer alternatives to the traditional "
+"corporation. Collectively, these alternative market entities are changing "
+"the rules and norms of the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1259
+msgid ""
+"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:885
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1252
msgid ""
"“A book on open business models” is how we described it in this book’s "
"Kickstarter campaign. We used a handbook called Business Model Generation as "
-"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over "
+"our reference for defining just what a business model is. Developed over "
"nine years using an “open process” involving 470 coauthors from forty-five "
-"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business models.33"
+"countries, it is useful as a framework for talking about business "
+"models.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1268
+msgid ""
+"This business model canvas is available to download at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1276
+msgid ""
+"We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the coauthor Paul "
+"Stacey, available online at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit\"/>. "
+"You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas Questions at "
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:894
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1266
msgid ""
"It contains a “business model canvas,” which conceives of a business model "
-"as having nine building blocks.34 This blank canvas can serve as a tool for "
-"anyone to design their own business model. We remixed this business model "
-"canvas into an open business model canvas, adding three more building blocks "
-"relevant to hybrid market, commons enterprises: social good, Creative "
-"Commons license, and “type of open environment that the business fits in.”35 "
-"This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses and helped "
-"start-ups plan their economic model."
+"as having nine building blocks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"This blank canvas can serve as a tool for anyone to design their own "
+"business model. We remixed this business model canvas into an open business "
+"model canvas, adding three more building blocks relevant to hybrid market, "
+"commons enterprises: social good, Creative Commons license, and “type of "
+"open environment that the business fits in.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> This enhanced canvas proved useful when we analyzed businesses "
+"and helped start-ups plan their economic model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:905
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1286
msgid ""
"In our case study interviews, many expressed discomfort over describing "
"themselves as an open business model—the term business model suggested "
-"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
+"primarily being situated in the market. Where you sit on the "
"commons-to-market spectrum affects the extent to which you see yourself as a "
-"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources and "
-"commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
+"business in the market. The more central to the mission shared resources "
+"and commons values are, the less comfort there is in describing yourself, or "
"depicting what you do, as a business. Not all who have endeavors Made with "
"Creative Commons use business speak; for some the process has been "
"experimental, emergent, and organic rather than carefully planned using a "
"predefined model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:916
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1299
msgid ""
"The creators, businesses, and organizations we profile all engage with the "
"market to generate revenue in some way. The ways in which this is done vary "
". . . the list goes on and on. (Initial description of how to earn revenue "
"available through reference note. For latest thinking see How to Bring In "
"Money in the next section.) 36 There is no single magic bullet, and each "
-"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than one "
-"way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple paths to "
-"sustainability."
+"endeavor has devised ways that work for them. Most make use of more than "
+"one way. Diversifying revenue streams lowers risk and provides multiple "
+"paths to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:918
-msgid "### Benefits of the Digital Commons"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1313
+msgid "Benefits of the Digital Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:923
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1315
msgid ""
"While it may be clear why commons-based organizations want to interact and "
"engage with the market (they need money to survive), it may be less obvious "
"many benefits."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:930
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1321
msgid ""
"The commons speeds dissemination. The free flow of resources in the commons "
"offers tremendous economies of scale. Distribution is decentralized, with "
"or marketing. Decentralized distribution amplifies supply and know-how."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:941
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1330
msgid ""
"The commons ensures access to all. The market has traditionally operated by "
"putting resources behind a paywall requiring payment first before "
"access. The commons puts resources in the open, providing access up front "
"without payment. Those that are Made with Creative Commons make little or no "
-"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
+"use of digital rights management (DRM) to manage resources. Not using DRM "
"frees them of the costs of acquiring DRM technology and staff resources to "
"engage in the punitive practices associated with restricting access. The way "
"the commons provides access to everyone levels the playing field and "
"promotes inclusiveness, equity, and fairness."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:952
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1343
msgid ""
"The commons maximizes participation. Resources in the commons can be used "
"and contributed to by everyone. Using the resources of others, contributing "
"your own, and mixing yours with others to create new works are all dynamic "
-"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with "
+"forms of participation made possible by the commons. Being Made with "
"Creative Commons means you’re engaging as many users with your resources as "
-"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, localizing, "
-"translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for people to "
-"directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even democracy, and "
-"many other socially beneficial practices."
+"possible. Users are also authoring, editing, remixing, curating, "
+"localizing, translating, and distributing. The commons makes it possible for "
+"people to directly participate in culture, knowledge building, and even "
+"democracy, and many other socially beneficial practices."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:964
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1365
+msgid ""
+"Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and "
+"Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006), "
+"31–44."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1356
msgid ""
"The commons spurs innovation. Resources in the hands of more people who can "
"use them leads to new ideas. The way commons resources can be modified, "
"customized, and improved results in derivative works never imagined by the "
"original creator. Some endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
"deliberately encourage users to take the resources being shared and innovate "
-"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely inside "
-"the organization to being in the community.37 Community-based innovation "
-"will keep an organization or business on its toes. It must continue to "
-"contribute new ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, "
-"and steward the resources and the relationship with the community."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:974
-msgid ""
-"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is global. "
-"Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go far and "
-"wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no borders "
-"between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are often "
-"local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally "
+"them. Doing so moves research and development (R&D) from being solely "
+"inside the organization to being in the community.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Community-based innovation will keep an "
+"organization or business on its toes. It must continue to contribute new "
+"ideas, absorb and build on top of the innovations of others, and steward the "
+"resources and the relationship with the community."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1374
+msgid ""
+"The commons boosts reach and impact. The digital commons is "
+"global. Resources may be created for a local or regional need, but they go "
+"far and wide generating a global impact. In the digital world, there are no "
+"borders between countries. When you are Made with Creative Commons, you are "
+"often local and global at the same time: Digital designs being globally "
"distributed but made and manufactured locally. Digital books or music being "
"globally distributed but readings and concerts performed locally. The "
"digital commons magnifies impact by connecting creators to those who use and "
"build on their work both locally and globally."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:986
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1387
msgid ""
"The commons is generative. Instead of extracting value, the commons adds "
"value. Digitized resources persist without becoming depleted, and through "
"commons generates value for a broader range of beneficiaries including the "
"business, the customer, the creator, the public, and the commons itself. The "
"generative nature of the commons means that it is more cost-effective and "
-"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in "
+"produces a greater return on investment. Value is not just measured in "
"financial terms. Each new resource added to the commons provides value to "
"the public and contributes to the overall value of the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:999
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1401
msgid ""
"The commons brings people together for a common cause. The commons vests "
"people directly with the responsibility to manage the resources for the "
"common good. The costs and benefits for the individual are balanced with the "
-"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources "
+"costs and benefits for the community and for future generations. Resources "
"are not anonymous or mass produced. Their provenance is known and "
"acknowledged through attribution and other means. Those that are Made with "
"Creative Commons generate awareness and reputation based on their "
"contributions to the commons. The reach, impact, and sustainability of those "
"contributions rest largely on their ability to forge relationships and "
-"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the "
-"basis of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies "
-"people."
+"connections with those who use and improve them. By functioning on the basis "
+"of social engagement, not monetary exchange, the commons unifies people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1004
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1416
msgid ""
"The benefits of the commons are many. When these benefits align with the "
"goals of individuals, communities, businesses in the market, or state "
"option of choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1006
-msgid "### Our Case Studies"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1423
+msgid "Our Case Studies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1015
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1425
msgid ""
"The creators, organizations, and businesses in our case studies operate as "
-"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal status, "
-"they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is to make "
-"the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a social end, "
-"not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, behavior, "
-"and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact and "
-"success are measured against social aims expressed in mission statements, "
-"and are not just about the financial bottom line."
+"nonprofits, for-profits, and social enterprises. Regardless of legal "
+"status, they all have a social mission. Their primary reason for being is "
+"to make the world a better place, not to profit. Money is a means to a "
+"social end, not the end itself. They factor public interest into decisions, "
+"behavior, and practices. Transparency and trust are really important. Impact "
+"and success are measured against social aims expressed in mission "
+"statements, and are not just about the financial bottom line."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1021
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1437
msgid ""
"The case studies are based on the narratives told to us by founders and key "
"staff. Instead of solely using financials as the measure of success and "
"sustainability, they emphasized their mission, practices, and means by which "
-"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals are "
-"being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
+"they measure success. Metrics of success are a blend of how social goals "
+"are being met and how sustainable the enterprise is."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1029
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1445
msgid ""
"Our case studies are diverse, ranging from publishing to education and "
"manufacturing. All of the organizations, businesses, and creators in the "
"resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1036
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1455
msgid ""
"They are creating new resources, or using the resources of others, or mixing "
"existing resources together to make something new. They, and their audience, "
"participation is open to all regardless of monetary means."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1463
msgid ""
"And as users of Creative Commons licenses, they are automatically part of a "
"global community. The new digital commons is global. Those we profiled come "
"global community is conducive to success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1052
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1470
msgid ""
"Creative Commons licenses may express legal rules around the use of "
"resources in a commons, but success in the commons requires more than "
"of beliefs, values, and principles that underlie their actions: Give more "
"than you take. Be open and inclusive. Add value. Make visible what you are "
"using from the commons, what you are adding, and what you are "
-"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. "
-"Develop trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
+"monetizing. Maximize abundance. Give attribution. Express gratitude. Develop "
+"trust; don’t exploit. Build relationship and community. Be "
"transparent. Defend the commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1059
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1483
msgid ""
"The new digital commons is here to stay. Made With Creative Commons case "
"studies show how it’s possible to be part of this commons while still "
-"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits "
+"functioning within market and state systems. The commons generates benefits "
"neither the market nor state can achieve on their own. Rather than the "
"market or state dominating as primary means of resource management, a more "
"balanced alternative is possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1066
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1492
msgid ""
"Enterprise use of Creative Commons has only just begun. The case studies in "
"this book are merely starting points. Each is changing and evolving over "
"and insights on how it works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1068 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2268
-msgid "### Notes"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "Jonathan Rowe, Our Common Wealth (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013), 14."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid ""
-"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
-"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 176."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "Ibid., 15."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "Ibid., 145."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid "Ibid., 175."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid ""
-"Daniel H. Cole, “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
-"Commons for the Knowledge Commons,” in Governing Knowledge Commons, "
-"eds. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg "
-"(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 53."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid ""
-"Max Haiven, Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
-"and the Commons (New York: Zed Books, 2014), 93."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-msgid ""
-"Cole, “Learning from Lin,” in Frischmann, Madison, and Strandburg, Governing "
-"Knowledge Commons, 59."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1503
+msgid "How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1168
-#, no-wrap
-msgid ""
-"9. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 175.\n"
-"10. Joshua Farley and Ida Kubiszewski, “The Economics of Information in\n"
-" a Post-Carbon Economy,” in Free Knowledge: Confronting the\n"
-" Commodification of Human Discovery, eds. Patricia W. Elliott and\n"
-" Daryl H. Hepting (Regina, SK: University of Regina Press, 2015),\n"
-" 201–4.\n"
-"11. Rowe, Our Common Wealth, 19; and Heather Menzies, Reclaiming the\n"
-" Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and Manifesto (Gabriola\n"
-" Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 42–43.\n"
-"12. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 55–78.\n"
-"13. Fritjof Capra and Ugo Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal\n"
-" System in Tune with Nature and Community (Oakland, CA:\n"
-" Berrett-Koehler, 2015), 46–57; and Bollier, Think Like a\n"
-" Commoner, 88.\n"
-"14. Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J.\n"
-" Strandburg, “Governing Knowledge Commons,” in Frischmann, Madison,\n"
-" and Strandburg Governing Knowledge Commons, 12.\n"
-"15. Farley and Kubiszewski, “Economics of Information,” in Elliott and\n"
-" Hepting, Free Knowledge, 203.\n"
-"16. “What Is Free Software?” GNU Operating System, the Free Software\n"
-" Foundation’s Licensing and Compliance Lab, accessed December 30,\n"
-" 2016, www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.\n"
-"17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open-source software,” last modified November\n"
-" 22, 2016.\n"
-"18. Eric S. Raymond, “The Magic Cauldron,” in The Cathedral and the\n"
-" Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental\n"
-" Revolutionary, rev. ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2001),\n"
-" www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/.\n"
-"19. New York Times Customer Insight Group, The Psychology of Sharing:\n"
-" Why Do People Share Online? (New York: New York Times Customer\n"
-" Insight Group, 2011), www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf.\n"
-"20. “Licensing Considerations,” Creative Commons, accessed December 30,\n"
-" 2016, creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-considerations/.\n"
-"21. Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons (Mountain View, CA:\n"
-" Creative Commons, 2015), stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/.\n"
-"22. Wikipedia, s.v. “Open Government Partnership,” last modified\n"
-" September 24, 2016,\n"
-" en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open\\_Government\\_Partnership.\n"
-"23. Capra and Mattei, Ecology of Law, 114.\n"
-"24. Ibid., 116.\n"
-"25. The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, “Stockholm\n"
-" Statement” accessed February 15, 2017,\n"
-" sida.se/globalassets/sida/eng/press/stockholm-statement.pdf\n"
-"26. City of Bologna, Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and\n"
-" the City for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons, trans.\n"
-" LabGov (LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons) (Bologna, Italy:\n"
-" City of Bologna, 2014),\n"
-" "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf.\n"
-"27. The Seoul Sharing City website is english.sharehub.kr; for Amsterdam\n"
-" Sharing City, go to www.sharenl.nl/amsterdam-sharing-city/.\n"
-"28. Tom Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (New\n"
-" York: OR Books, 2015), 42.\n"
-"29. Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by\n"
-" Giving Something for Nothing, Reprint with new preface. (New York:\n"
-" Hyperion, 2010), 78.\n"
-"30. Jeremy Rifkin, The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of\n"
-" Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism\n"
-" (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 273.\n"
-"31. Gar Alperovitz, What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next\n"
-" American Revolution: Democratizing Wealth and Building a\n"
-" Community-Sustaining Economy from the Ground Up (White River\n"
-" Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013), 39.\n"
-"32. Marjorie Kelly, Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership\n"
-" Revolution; Journeys to a Generative Economy (San Francisco:\n"
-" Berrett-Koehler, 2012), 8–9.\n"
-"33. Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation\n"
-" (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010). A preview of the book is\n"
-" available at strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation.\n"
-"34. This business model canvas is available to download at\n"
-" strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas.\n"
-"35. We’ve made the “Open Business Model Canvas,” designed by the\n"
-" coauthor Paul Stacey, available online at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1QOIDa2qak7wZSSOa4Wv6qVMO77IwkKHN7CYyq0wHivs/edit.\n"
-" You can also find the accompanying Open Business Model Canvas\n"
-" Questions at\n"
-" "
-"docs.google.com/drawings/d/1kACK7TkoJgsM18HUWCbX9xuQ0Byna4plSVZXZGTtays/edit.\n"
-"36. A more comprehensive list of revenue streams is available in this\n"
-" post I wrote on Medium on March 6, 2016. “What Is an Open Business\n"
-" Model and How Can You Generate Revenue?”, available at\n"
-" "
-"medium.com/made-with-creative-commons/what-is-an-open-business-model-and-how-can-you-generate-revenue-5854d2659b15.\n"
-"37. Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating\n"
-" and Profiting from Technology (Boston: Harvard Business Review\n"
-" Press, 2006), 31–44.\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1170
-msgid "## How to Be Made with Creative Commons"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1172
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1505
msgid "Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1186
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1508
msgid ""
"When we began this project in August 2015, we set out to write a book about "
"business models that involve Creative Commons licenses in some significant "
"Kickstarter backers, we chose twenty-four endeavors from all around the "
"world that are Made with Creative Commons. The mix is diverse, from an "
"individual musician to a university-textbook publisher to an electronics "
-"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons "
+"manufacturer. Some make their own content and share under Creative Commons "
"licensing. Others are platforms for CC-licensed creative work made by "
"others. Many sit somewhere in between, both using and contributing creative "
"work that’s shared with the public. Like all who use the licenses, these "
"it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1195
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1524
msgid ""
"We analyzed the revenue models, customer segments, and value propositions of "
"each endeavor. We searched for ways that putting their content under "
"licenses, modes of revenue generation, definitions of success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1199
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1534
msgid ""
"In fairly short order, we realized the book we set out to write was quite "
"different from the one that was revealing itself in our interviews and "
"research."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1207
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1539
msgid ""
"It isn’t that we were wrong to think you can make money while using Creative "
"Commons licenses. In many instances, CC can help make you more money. Nor "
"lens."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1551
+msgid ""
+"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
+"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1548
msgid ""
"According to the seminal handbook Business Model Generation, a business "
"model “describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and "
-"captures value.”1 Thinking about sharing in terms of creating and capturing "
-"value always felt inappropriately transactional and out of place, something "
-"we heard time and time again in our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us "
-"in our interview with him, “Business model can mean anything you want it to "
-"mean.”"
+"captures value.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Thinking about "
+"sharing in terms of creating and capturing value always felt inappropriately "
+"transactional and out of place, something we heard time and time again in "
+"our interviews. And as Cory Doctorow told us in our interview with him, "
+"“Business model can mean anything you want it to mean.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1220
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1562
msgid ""
"Eventually, we got it. Being Made with Creative Commons is more than a "
"business model. While we will talk about specific revenue models as one "
"that as our guiding rubric for the book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1228
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1569
msgid ""
"Admittedly, it took me a long time to get there. When Paul and I divided up "
"our writing after finishing the research, my charge was to distill "
"way of thinking before you read any further."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1238
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1579
msgid ""
-"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
+"In every interview, we started from the same simple questions. Amid all the "
"diversity among the creators, organizations, and businesses we profiled, "
"there was one constant. Being Made with Creative Commons may be good for "
"business, but that is not why they do it. Sharing work with Creative Commons "
"about the impact of sharing on business might be a little off track."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1244
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1591
msgid ""
"But we also started to realize something about what it means to be Made with "
"Creative Commons. When people talked to us about how and why they used CC, "
"it was clear that it meant something more than using a copyright license. It "
-"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
+"also represented a set of values. There is symbolism behind using CC, and "
"that symbolism has many layers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1255
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1599
msgid ""
"At one level, being Made with Creative Commons expresses an affinity for the "
"value of Creative Commons. While there are many different flavors of CC "
"reflect a belief in the promise of sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1265
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1613
msgid ""
"Whether the public makes use of the opportunity to copy and adapt your work, "
"sharing with a Creative Commons license is a symbol of how you want to "
-"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create "
+"interact with the people who consume your work. Whenever you create "
"something, “all rights reserved” under copyright is automatic, so the "
"copyright symbol (©) on the work does not necessarily come across as a "
"marker of distrust or excessive protectionism. But using a CC license can be "
"connection."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1271
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1625
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons not only demonstrates values connected to "
"CC and sharing. It also demonstrates that something other than profit drives "
"what you do. In our interviews, we always asked what success looked like for "
-"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
+"them. It was stunning how rarely money was mentioned. Most have a deeper "
"purpose and a different vision of success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1282
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1638
msgid ""
-"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
+"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
+"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1633
+msgid ""
+"The driving motivation varies depending on the type of endeavor. For "
"individual creators, it is most often about personal inspiration. In some "
"ways, this is nothing new. As Doctorow has written, “Creators usually start "
-"doing what they do for love.”2 But when you share your creative work under a "
-"CC license, that dynamic is even more pronounced. Similarly, for "
-"technological innovators, it is often less about creating a specific new "
-"thing that will make you rich and more about solving a specific problem you "
-"have. The creators of Arduino told us that the key question when creating "
-"something is “Do you as the creator want to use it? It has to have personal "
-"use and meaning.”"
+"doing what they do for love.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But "
+"when you share your creative work under a CC license, that dynamic is even "
+"more pronounced. Similarly, for technological innovators, it is often less "
+"about creating a specific new thing that will make you rich and more about "
+"solving a specific problem you have. The creators of Arduino told us that "
+"the key question when creating something is “Do you as the creator want to "
+"use it? It has to have personal use and meaning.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1291
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1649
msgid ""
"Many that are Made with Creative Commons have an express social mission that "
"underpins everything they do. In many cases, sharing with Creative Commons "
"OK to share their content using a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1299
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1659
msgid ""
"This dynamic is probably one reason why there are so many nonprofit examples "
"of being Made with Creative Commons. The content is the result of a labor of "
"connection are integral to success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1303
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1669
msgid ""
"Even if profit isn’t the end goal, you have to bring in money to be "
"successfully Made with Creative Commons. At a bare minimum, you have to make "
"enough money to keep the lights on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1313
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1674
msgid ""
"The costs of doing business vary widely for those made with CC, but there is "
"generally a much lower threshold for sustainability than there used to be "
"advertising as its forebears at a fraction of the price.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1324
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1691
+msgid "Ibid., 55."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1686
msgid ""
"Some creation costs are the same as they always were. It takes the same "
"amount of time and money to write a peer-reviewed journal article or paint a "
"painting. Technology can’t change that. But other costs are dramatically "
"reduced by technology, particularly in production-heavy domains like "
-"filmmaking.3 CC-licensed content and content in the public domain, as well "
-"as the work of volunteer collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs "
-"if they’re being used as resources to create something new. And, of course, "
-"there is the reality that some content would be created whether or not the "
-"creator is paid because it is a labor of love."
+"filmmaking.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC-licensed content and "
+"content in the public domain, as well as the work of volunteer "
+"collaborators, can also dramatically reduce costs if they’re being used as "
+"resources to create something new. And, of course, there is the reality that "
+"some content would be created whether or not the creator is paid because it "
+"is a labor of love."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1703
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
+"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
+"224."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1334
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1700
msgid ""
"Distributing content is almost universally cheaper than ever. Once content "
-"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially zero.4 "
-"The costs to distribute physical copies are still significant, but lower "
-"than they have been historically. And it is now much easier to print and "
-"distribute physical copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on "
-"the endeavor, there can be a whole host of other possible expenses like "
-"marketing and promotion, and even expenses associated with the various ways "
-"money is being made, like touring or custom training."
+"is created, the costs to distribute copies digitally are essentially "
+"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The costs to distribute "
+"physical copies are still significant, but lower than they have been "
+"historically. And it is now much easier to print and distribute physical "
+"copies on-demand, which also reduces costs. Depending on the endeavor, there "
+"can be a whole host of other possible expenses like marketing and promotion, "
+"and even expenses associated with the various ways money is being made, like "
+"touring or custom training."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1725
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1347
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1715
msgid ""
"It’s important to recognize that the biggest impact of technology on "
"creative endeavors is that creators can now foot the costs of creation and "
"got the time of day from one of the great imperial powers, this is your "
"time. Where once you had no means of reaching an audience without the "
"assistance of the industry-dominating megacompanies, now you have hundreds "
-"of ways to do it without them.”5 Previously, distribution of creative work "
-"involved the costs associated with sustaining a monolithic entity, now "
-"creators can do the work themselves. That means the financial needs of "
-"creative endeavors can be a lot more modest."
+"of ways to do it without them.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Previously, distribution of creative work involved the costs associated with "
+"sustaining a monolithic entity, now creators can do the work "
+"themselves. That means the financial needs of creative endeavors can be a "
+"lot more modest."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1358
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1732
msgid ""
"Whether for an individual creator or a larger endeavor, it usually isn’t "
-"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. "
-"You need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit "
+"enough to break even if you want to make what you’re doing a livelihood. You "
+"need to build in some support for the general operation. This extra bit "
"looks different for everyone, but importantly, in nearly all cases for those "
"Made with Creative Commons, the definition of “enough money” looks a lot "
"different than it does in the world of venture capital and stock options. It "
"day to day.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1364
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1745
msgid ""
"This book is a testament to the notion that it is possible to make money "
"while using CC licenses and CC-licensed content, but we are still very much "
"pursue this new way of operating."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1368
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1753
msgid ""
"There are, however, plenty of ways in which CC licensing can be good for "
"business in fairly predictable ways. The first is how it helps solve "
"“problem zero.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1370
-msgid "### Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1758
+msgid "Problem Zero: Getting Discovered"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1765
+msgid ""
+"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
+"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1779
+msgid ""
+"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
+"2012), 64."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1385
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1760
msgid ""
"Once you create or collect your content, the next step is finding users, "
"customers, fans—in other words, your people. As Amanda Palmer wrote, “It has "
"to start with the art. The songs had to touch people initially, and mean "
-"something, for anything to work at all.”6 There isn’t any magic to finding "
-"your people, and there is certainly no formula. Your work has to connect "
-"with people and offer them some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some "
-"ways, this is easier than ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so "
-"there is room for every obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This "
-"is what Chris Anderson dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less "
-"about mainstream mass “hits” and more about micromarkets for every "
-"particular niche. As Anderson wrote, “We are all different, with different "
-"wants and needs, and the Internet now has a place for all of them in the way "
-"that physical markets did not.”7 We are no longer limited to what appeals to "
-"the masses."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1398
+"something, for anything to work at all.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> There isn’t any magic to finding your people, and there is "
+"certainly no formula. Your work has to connect with people and offer them "
+"some artistic and/or utilitarian value. In some ways, this is easier than "
+"ever. Online we are not limited by shelf space, so there is room for every "
+"obscure interest, taste, and need imaginable. This is what Chris Anderson "
+"dubbed the Long Tail, where consumption becomes less about mainstream mass "
+"“hits” and more about micromarkets for every particular niche. As Anderson "
+"wrote, “We are all different, with different wants and needs, and the "
+"Internet now has a place for all of them in the way that physical markets "
+"did not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We are no longer limited "
+"to what appeals to the masses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1792
+msgid ""
+"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
+"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1798
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 66."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1802
+msgid ""
+"Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy (New "
+"York: Morgan James, 2016), 10."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1785
msgid ""
"While finding “your people” online is theoretically easier than in the "
"analog world, as a practical matter it can still be difficult to actually "
"get noticed. The Internet is a firehose of content, one that only grows "
"larger by the minute. As a content creator, not only are you competing for "
"attention against more content creators than ever before, you are competing "
-"against creativity generated outside the market as well.8 Anderson wrote, "
-"“The greatest change of the past decade has been the shift in time people "
-"spend consuming amateur content instead of professional content.”9 To top it "
-"all off, you have to compete against the rest of their lives, too—“friends, "
-"family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on the town.”10 Somehow, "
-"some way, you have to get noticed by the right people."
+"against creativity generated outside the market as well.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Anderson wrote, “The greatest change of the "
+"past decade has been the shift in time people spend consuming amateur "
+"content instead of professional content.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> To top it all off, you have to compete against the rest of their "
+"lives, too—“friends, family, music playlists, soccer games, and nights on "
+"the town.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> Somehow, some way, you "
+"have to get noticed by the right people."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1816
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 62."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1411
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1808
msgid ""
"When you come to the Internet armed with an all-rights-reserved mentality "
"from the start, you are often restricting access to your work before there "
"is even any demand for it. In many cases, requiring payment for your work is "
"part of the traditional copyright system. Even a tiny cost has a big effect "
-"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between "
+"on demand. It’s called the penny gap—the large difference in demand between "
"something that is available at the price of one cent versus the price of "
-"zero.11 That doesn’t mean it is wrong to charge money for your content. It "
-"simply means you need to recognize the effect that doing so will have on "
-"demand. The same principle applies to restricting access to copy the "
-"work. If your problem is how to get discovered and find “your people,” "
-"prohibiting people from copying your work and sharing it with others is "
-"counterproductive."
+"zero.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> That doesn’t mean it is wrong "
+"to charge money for your content. It simply means you need to recognize the "
+"effect that doing so will have on demand. The same principle applies to "
+"restricting access to copy the work. If your problem is how to get "
+"discovered and find “your people,” prohibiting people from copying your work "
+"and sharing it with others is counterproductive."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1415
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1830
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1826
msgid ""
"Of course, it’s not that being discovered by people who like your work will "
"make you rich—far from it. But as Cory Doctorow says, “Recognition is one of "
-"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”12"
+"many necessary preconditions for artistic success.”<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1424
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1834
msgid ""
"Choosing not to spend time and energy restricting access to your work and "
"policing infringement also builds goodwill. Lumen Learning, a for-profit "
"community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1431
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1851
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1845
msgid ""
"It is not just that restricting access to your work may undermine your "
"social mission. It also may alienate the people who most value your creative "
"work. If people like your work, their natural instinct will be to share it "
"with others. But as David Bollier wrote, “Our natural human impulses to "
-"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been criminalized.”13"
+"imitate and share—the essence of culture—have been "
+"criminalized.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1439
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1855
msgid ""
"The fact that copying can carry criminal penalties undoubtedly deters "
"copying it, but copying with the click of a button is too easy and "
"convenient to ever fully stop it. Try as the copyright industry might to "
"persuade us otherwise, copying a copyrighted work just doesn’t feel like "
-"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing "
-"a creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
+"stealing a loaf of bread. And, of course, that’s because it isn’t. Sharing a "
+"creative work has no impact on anyone else’s ability to make use of it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1864
msgid ""
"If you take some amount of copying and sharing your work as a given, you can "
"invest your time and resources elsewhere, rather than wasting them on "
"playing a cat and mouse game with people who want to copy and share your "
"work. Lizzy Jongma from the Rijksmuseum said, “We could spend a lot of money "
-"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they "
-"will use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing "
-"high-resolution digital copies of their collection into the public domain "
-"and making them available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a "
-"form of quality control over the copies that were inevitably being shared "
-"online. Doing this meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from "
-"selling digital images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all "
-"of the opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
+"trying to protect works, but people are going to do it anyway. And they will "
+"use bad-quality versions.” Instead, they started releasing high-resolution "
+"digital copies of their collection into the public domain and making them "
+"available for free on their website. For them, sharing was a form of quality "
+"control over the copies that were inevitably being shared online. Doing this "
+"meant forgoing the revenue they previously got from selling digital "
+"images. But Lizzy says that was a small price to pay for all of the "
+"opportunities that sharing unlocked for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1884
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 86."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1461
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1880
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons means you stop thinking about ways to "
"artificially make your content scarce, and instead leverage it as the "
-"potentially abundant resource it is.14 When you see information abundance as "
-"a feature, not a bug, you start thinking about the ways to use the idling "
-"capacity of your content to your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric "
-"Steuer once said, “Using CC licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
+"potentially abundant resource it is.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> When you see information abundance as a feature, not a bug, you "
+"start thinking about the ways to use the idling capacity of your content to "
+"your advantage. As my friend and colleague Eric Steuer once said, “Using CC "
+"licenses shows you get the Internet.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1470
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1895
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1892
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow says it costs him nothing when other people make copies of his "
-"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in return.15 "
-"Similarly, the makers of the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop "
-"people from copying their hardware, so they decided not to even try and "
-"instead look for the benefits of being open. For them, the result is one of "
-"the most ubiquitous pieces of hardware in the world, with a thriving online "
-"community of tinkerers and innovators that have done things with their work "
-"they never could have done otherwise."
+"work, and it opens the possibility that he might get something in "
+"return.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Similarly, the makers of "
+"the Arduino boards knew it was impossible to stop people from copying their "
+"hardware, so they decided not to even try and instead look for the benefits "
+"of being open. For them, the result is one of the most ubiquitous pieces of "
+"hardware in the world, with a thriving online community of tinkerers and "
+"innovators that have done things with their work they never could have done "
+"otherwise."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1473
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1905
msgid ""
"There are all kinds of way to leverage the power of sharing and remix to "
"your benefit. Here are a few."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1475
-msgid "#### Use CC to grow a larger audience"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1909
+msgid "Use CC to grow a larger audience"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1485
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1911
msgid ""
"Putting a Creative Commons license on your content won’t make it "
"automatically go viral, but eliminating legal barriers to copying the work "
"what “©” means), which do you think people are more likely to share?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1492
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1923
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an online news site with in-depth articles written by "
"academics who are experts on particular topics. All of the articles are "
"their academic authors who want to reach as many readers as possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1504
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1939
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 123."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1932
msgid ""
"The idea that more eyeballs equates with more success is a form of the max "
-"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
+"strategy, adopted by Google and other technology companies. According to "
"Google’s Eric Schmidt, the idea is simple: “Take whatever it is you are "
"doing and do it at the max in terms of distribution. The other way of saying "
"this is that since marginal cost of distribution is free, you might as well "
-"put things everywhere.”16 This strategy is what often motivates companies to "
-"make their products and services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic "
-"applies to making content freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is "
-"free (as in cost) and can be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more "
-"accessible and likely to spread."
+"put things everywhere.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This "
+"strategy is what often motivates companies to make their products and "
+"services free (i.e., no cost), but the same logic applies to making content "
+"freely shareable. Because CC-licensed content is free (as in cost) and can "
+"be freely copied, CC licensing makes it even more accessible and likely to "
+"spread."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1953
+msgid "Ibid., 132."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1958
+msgid "Ibid., 70."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1512
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1948
msgid ""
"If you are successful in reaching more users, readers, listeners, or other "
"consumers of your work, you can start to benefit from the bandwagon "
"effect. The simple fact that there are other people consuming or following "
-"your work spurs others to want to do the same.17 This is, in part, because "
-"we simply have a tendency to engage in herd behavior, but it is also because "
-"a large following is at least a partial indicator of quality or "
-"usefulness.18"
+"your work spurs others to want to do the same.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> This is, in part, because we simply have a tendency to engage in "
+"herd behavior, but it is also because a large following is at least a "
+"partial indicator of quality or usefulness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1514
-msgid "#### Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1963
+msgid "Use CC to get attribution and name recognition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1977
+msgid ""
+"James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books, 2005), "
+"124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and contracts is how "
+"rarely they are invoked.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1965
msgid ""
"Every Creative Commons license requires that credit be given to the author, "
"and that reusers supply a link back to the original source of the "
"it is social norms, rather than the threat of legal enforcement, that most "
"often motivate people to provide attribution and otherwise comply with the "
"CC license terms anyway. This is the mark of any well-functioning community, "
-"within both the marketplace and the society at large.19 CC licenses reflect "
-"a set of wishes on the part of creators, and in the vast majority of "
-"circumstances, people are naturally inclined to follow those wishes. This is "
-"particularly the case for something as straightforward and consistent with "
-"basic notions of fairness as providing credit."
+"within both the marketplace and the society at large.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> CC licenses reflect a set of wishes on the part "
+"of creators, and in the vast majority of circumstances, people are naturally "
+"inclined to follow those wishes. This is particularly the case for something "
+"as straightforward and consistent with basic notions of fairness as "
+"providing credit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1540
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:1988
msgid ""
"The fact that the name of the creator follows a CC-licensed work makes the "
"licenses an important means to develop a reputation or, in corporate speak, "
"the most people see and cite your work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1552
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2002
msgid ""
"Attribution can be about more than just receiving credit. It can also be "
"about establishing provenance. People naturally want to know where content "
"came from—the source of a work is sometimes just as interesting as the work "
"itself. Opendesk is a platform for furniture designers to share their "
-"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local "
+"designs. Consumers who like those designs can then get matched with local "
"makers who turn the designs into real-life furniture. The fact that I, "
"sitting in the middle of the United States, can pick out a design created by "
"a designer in Tokyo and then use a maker within my own community to "
"platform. The provenance of the design is a special part of the product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1560
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2017
msgid ""
"Knowing the source of a work is also critical to ensuring its "
"credibility. Just as a trademark is designed to give consumers a way to "
"information source is more valuable than ever."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1562
-msgid "#### Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2027
+msgid "Use CC-licensed content as a marketing tool"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1569
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2029
msgid ""
"As we will cover in more detail later, many endeavors that are Made with "
"Creative Commons make money by providing a product or service other than the "
"people to your other product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1582
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2051
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 44."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2038
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us she has seen time and again how "
"offering CC-licensed content—that is, digitally for free—actually increases "
"most recognizable painting on the planet. Its ubiquity has the effect of "
"catalyzing interest in seeing the painting in person, and in owning physical "
"goods with the image. Abundant copies of the content often entice more "
-"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
+"demand, not blunt it. Another example came with the advent of the "
"radio. Although the music industry did not see it coming (and fought it!), "
"free music on the radio functioned as advertising for the paid version "
-"people bought in music stores.20 Free can be a form of promotion."
+"people bought in music stores.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Free "
+"can be a form of promotion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1596
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2055
msgid ""
"In some cases, endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons do not even "
"need dedicated marketing teams or marketing budgets. Cards Against Humanity "
"marketing. The textbook publisher OpenStax has also avoided hiring a "
"marketing team. Their products are free, or cheaper to buy in the case of "
"physical copies, which makes them much more attractive to students who then "
-"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
+"demand them from their universities. They also partner with service "
"providers who build atop the CC-licensed content and, in turn, spend money "
"and resources marketing those services (and by extension, the OpenStax "
"textbooks)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1598
-msgid "#### Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2072
+msgid "Use CC to enable hands-on engagement with your work"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1603
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2075
msgid ""
"The great promise of Creative Commons licensing is that it signifies an "
"embrace of remix culture. Indeed, this is the great promise of digital "
"public participation in creative work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1613
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2089
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2082
msgid ""
"Four of the six CC licenses enable reusers to take apart, build upon, or "
"otherwise adapt the work. Depending on the context, adaptation can mean "
"wildly different things—translating, updating, localizing, improving, "
"transforming. It enables a work to be customized for particular needs, uses, "
"people, and communities, which is another distinct value to offer the "
-"public.21 Adaptation is more game changing in some contexts than "
-"others. With educational materials, the ability to customize and update the "
-"content is critically important for its usefulness. For photography, the "
-"ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Adaptation is more game "
+"changing in some contexts than others. With educational materials, the "
+"ability to customize and update the content is critically important for its "
+"usefulness. For photography, the ability to adapt a photo is less important."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2102
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 67."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1625
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2107
+msgid "Ibid., 58."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2110
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 71."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2115
+msgid ""
+"Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
+"Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2097
msgid ""
"This is a way to counteract a potential downside of the abundance of free "
"and open content described above. As Anderson wrote in Free, “People often "
"don’t care as much about things they don’t pay for, and as a result they "
-"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”22 If even the tiny act of "
-"volition of paying one penny for something changes our perception of that "
-"thing, then surely the act of remixing it enhances our perception "
-"exponentially.23 We know that people will pay more for products they had a "
-"part in creating.24 And we know that creating something, no matter what "
-"quality, brings with it a type of creative satisfaction that can never be "
-"replaced by consuming something created by someone else.25"
+"don’t think as much about how they consume them.”<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If even the tiny act of volition of paying one "
+"penny for something changes our perception of that thing, then surely the "
+"act of remixing it enhances our perception exponentially.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> We know that people will pay more for products "
+"they had a part in creating.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/> And we "
+"know that creating something, no matter what quality, brings with it a type "
+"of creative satisfaction that can never be replaced by consuming something "
+"created by someone else.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"3\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2128
+msgid "Ibid., 21."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1633
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2121
msgid ""
"Actively engaging with the content helps us avoid the type of aimless "
"consumption that anyone who has absentmindedly scrolled through their "
"social-media feeds for an hour knows all too well. In his book, Cognitive "
"Surplus, Clay Shirky says, “To participate is to act as if your presence "
"matters, as if, when you see something or hear something, your response is "
-"part of the event.”26 Opening the door to your content can get people more "
-"deeply tied to your work."
+"part of the event.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opening the "
+"door to your content can get people more deeply tied to your work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2134
+msgid "Use CC to differentiate yourself"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1635
-msgid "#### Use CC to differentiate yourself"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2143
+msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1647
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2136
msgid ""
"Operating under a traditional copyright regime usually means operating under "
"the rules of establishment players in the media. Business strategies that "
"are embedded in the traditional copyright system, like using digital rights "
"management (DRM) and signing exclusivity contracts, can tie the hands of "
-"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.27 Being Made "
-"with Creative Commons means you can function without those barriers and, in "
-"many cases, use the increased openness as a competitive advantage. David "
-"Harris from OpenStax said they specifically pursue strategies they know that "
-"traditional publishers cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the "
-"incumbent rules,” David said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
+"creators, often at the expense of the creator’s best interest.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Being Made with Creative Commons means you can "
+"function without those barriers and, in many cases, use the increased "
+"openness as a competitive advantage. David Harris from OpenStax said they "
+"specifically pursue strategies they know that traditional publishers "
+"cannot. “Don’t go into a market and play by the incumbent rules,” David "
+"said. “Change the rules of engagement.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1649
-msgid "### Making Money"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2155
+msgid "Making Money"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1664
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2165
+msgid ""
+"William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten Nonprofit "
+"Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009, <ulink "
+"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2157
msgid ""
"Like any moneymaking endeavor, those that are Made with Creative Commons "
-"have to generate some type of value for their audience or customers. "
-"Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not actually "
-"beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic institutions, "
-"governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the organization out "
-"of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional nonprofit funding "
-"operates.28 But in many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that "
-"are Made with Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, "
-"where the recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard "
-"market transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo "
-"exchange of money for value that typically drives market transactions, the "
-"recipient gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1672
+"have to generate some type of value for their audience or "
+"customers. Sometimes that value is subsidized by funders who are not "
+"actually beneficiaries of that value. Funders, whether philanthropic "
+"institutions, governments, or concerned individuals, provide money to the "
+"organization out of a sense of pure altruism. This is the way traditional "
+"nonprofit funding operates.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But in "
+"many cases, the revenue streams used by endeavors that are Made with "
+"Creative Commons are directly tied to the value they generate, where the "
+"recipient is paying for the value they receive like any standard market "
+"transaction. In still other cases, rather than the quid pro quo exchange of "
+"money for value that typically drives market transactions, the recipient "
+"gives money out of a sense of reciprocity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2186
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2178
msgid ""
"Most who are Made with Creative Commons use a variety of methods to bring in "
"revenue, some market-based and some not. One common strategy is using grant "
"funding for content creation when research-and-development costs are "
"particularly high, and then finding a different revenue stream (or streams) "
"for ongoing expenses. As Shirky wrote, “The trick is in knowing when markets "
-"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are not.”29"
+"are an optimal way of organizing interactions and when they are "
+"not.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1679
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2190
msgid ""
"Our case studies explore in more detail the various revenue-generating "
"mechanisms used by the creators, organizations, and businesses we "
"interviewed. There is nuance hidden within the specific ways each of them "
"makes money, so it is a bit dangerous to generalize too much about what we "
-"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
+"learned. Nonetheless, zooming out and viewing things from a higher level of "
"abstraction can be instructive."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1681
-msgid "#### Market-based revenue streams"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2199
+msgid "Market-based revenue streams"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2204
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2211
+msgid ""
+"Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance "
+"(Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1688
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2201
msgid ""
"In the market, the central question when determining how to bring in revenue "
-"is what value people are willing to pay for.30 By definition, if you are "
-"Made with Creative Commons, the content you provide is available for free "
-"and not a market commodity. Like the ubiquitous freemium business model, any "
-"possible market transaction with a consumer of your content has to be based "
-"on some added value you provide.31"
+"is what value people are willing to pay for.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> By definition, if you are Made with Creative Commons, the content "
+"you provide is available for free and not a market commodity. Like the "
+"ubiquitous freemium business model, any possible market transaction with a "
+"consumer of your content has to be based on some added value you "
+"provide.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1702
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2227
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 71."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2217
msgid ""
"In many ways, this is the way of the future for all content-driven "
"endeavors. In the market, value lives in things that are scarce. Because the "
"industry is a testament to this fact. This is compounded by the fact that at "
"least some amount of copying is probably inevitable. That means you may end "
"up competing with free versions of your own content, whether you condone it "
-"or not.32 If people can easily find your content for free, getting people to "
-"buy it will be difficult, particularly in a context where access to content "
-"is more important than owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright "
-"protection schemes, whether coded into either law or software, are simply "
-"holding up a price against the force of gravity.”"
+"or not.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If people can easily find "
+"your content for free, getting people to buy it will be difficult, "
+"particularly in a context where access to content is more important than "
+"owning it. In Free, Anderson wrote, “Copyright protection schemes, whether "
+"coded into either law or software, are simply holding up a price against the "
+"force of gravity.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2246
+msgid "Ibid., 231."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1711
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2236
msgid ""
"Of course, this doesn’t mean that content-driven endeavors have no future in "
"the traditional marketplace. In Free, Anderson explains how when one product "
"or service becomes free, as information and content largely have in the "
-"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a "
+"digital age, other things become more valuable. “Every abundance creates a "
"new scarcity,” he wrote. You just have to find some way other than the "
"content to provide value to your audience or customers. As Anderson says, "
"“It’s easy to compete with Free: simply offer something better or at least "
-"different from the free version.”33"
+"different from the free version.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1718
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2250
msgid ""
"In light of this reality, in some ways endeavors that are Made with Creative "
"Commons are at a level playing field with all content-based endeavors in the "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1724
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2259
msgid ""
"For content creators and distributors, there are nearly infinite ways to "
"provide value to the consumers of your work, above and beyond the value that "
"functions as a marketing tool for the paid product or service."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1726
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2266
msgid "Here are the most common high-level categories."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1728
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2270
msgid ""
-"#### Providing a custom service to consumers of your work "
-"*\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+"Providing a custom service to consumers of your work "
+"<emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2280
+msgid "Ibid., 97."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1737
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2273
msgid ""
"In this age of information abundance, we don’t lack for content. The trick "
"is finding content that matches our needs and wants, so customized services "
-"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information "
-"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
-"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be expensive.”34 "
-"This can be anything from the artistic and cultural consulting services "
-"provided by Ártica to the custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” "
-"Mann."
+"are particularly valuable. As Anderson wrote, “Commodity information "
+"(everybody gets the same version) wants to be free. Customized information "
+"(you get something unique and meaningful to you) wants to be "
+"expensive.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> This can be anything "
+"from the artistic and cultural consulting services provided by Ártica to the "
+"custom-song business of Jonathan “Song-A-Day” Mann."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1739
-msgid "#### Charging for the physical copy *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2287
+msgid "Charging for the physical copy <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1760
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2290
msgid ""
"In his book about maker culture, Anderson characterizes this model as giving "
"away the bits and selling the atoms (where bits refers to digital content "
"business principles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1762
-msgid "#### Charging for the in-person version *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2316
+msgid "Charging for the in-person version <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1770
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2319
msgid ""
"As anyone who has ever gone to a concert will tell you, experiencing "
"creativity in person is a completely different experience from consuming a "
"original art in person or pay to attend a talk or training course."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1772
-msgid "#### Selling merchandise *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2330
+msgid "Selling merchandise <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1777
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2333
msgid ""
"In many cases, people who like your work will pay for products demonstrating "
"a connection to your work. As a child of the 1980s, I can personally attest "
"revenue stream for museums and galleries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1788
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2350
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2340
msgid ""
"Sometimes the way to find a market-based revenue stream is by providing "
-"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
+"value to people other than those who consume your CC-licensed content. In "
"these revenue streams, the free content is being subsidized by an entirely "
"different category of people or businesses. Often, those people or "
"businesses are paying to access your main audience. The fact that the "
"content is free increases the size of the audience, which in turn makes the "
"offer more valuable to the paying customers. This is a variation of a "
-"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided platforms.36 "
-"Access to your audience isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay "
-"for—there are other services you can provide as well."
+"traditional business model built on free called multi-sided "
+"platforms.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Access to your audience "
+"isn’t the only thing people are willing to pay for—there are other services "
+"you can provide as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2357
+msgid "Charging advertisers or sponsors <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2365
+msgid "Ibid., 92."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1790
-msgid "#### Charging advertisers or sponsors *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2369
+msgid "Anderson, Free, 142."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1801
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2360
msgid ""
"The traditional model of subsidizing free content is advertising. In this "
"version of multi-sided platforms, advertisers pay for the opportunity to "
"reach the set of eyeballs the content creators provide in the form of their "
-"audience.37 The Internet has made this model more difficult because the "
-"number of potential channels available to reach those eyeballs has become "
-"essentially infinite.38 Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream for "
-"many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
+"audience.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> The Internet has made "
+"this model more difficult because the number of potential channels available "
+"to reach those eyeballs has become essentially infinite.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Nonetheless, it remains a viable revenue stream "
+"for many content creators, including those who are Made with Creative "
"Commons. Often, instead of paying to display advertising, the advertiser "
"pays to be an official sponsor of particular content or projects, or of the "
"overall endeavor."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1803
-msgid "#### Charging your content creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2378
+msgid "Charging your content creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1813
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2381
msgid ""
"Another type of multisided platform is where the content creators themselves "
-"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
+"pay to be featured on the platform. Obviously, this revenue stream is only "
"available to those who rely on work created, at least in part, by "
"others. The most well-known version of this model is the “author-processing "
"charge” of open-access journals like those published by the Public Library "
"website."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1815
-msgid "#### Charging a transaction fee *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2395
+msgid "Charging a transaction fee <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2400
+msgid "Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1825
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2398
msgid ""
"This is a version of a traditional business model based on brokering "
-"transactions between parties.39 Curation is an important element of this "
-"model. Platforms like the Noun Project add value by wading through "
-"CC-licensed content to curate a high-quality set and then derive revenue "
-"when creators of that content make transactions with customers. Other "
-"platforms make money when service providers transact with their customers; "
-"for example, Opendesk makes money every time someone on their site pays a "
-"maker to make furniture based on one of the designs on the platform."
+"transactions between parties.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"Curation is an important element of this model. Platforms like the Noun "
+"Project add value by wading through CC-licensed content to curate a "
+"high-quality set and then derive revenue when creators of that content make "
+"transactions with customers. Other platforms make money when service "
+"providers transact with their customers; for example, Opendesk makes money "
+"every time someone on their site pays a maker to make furniture based on one "
+"of the designs on the platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1827
-msgid "#### Providing a service to your creators *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2412
+msgid "Providing a service to your creators <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1834
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2415
msgid ""
"As mentioned above, endeavors can make money by providing customized "
"services to their users. Platforms can undertake a variation of this service "
"the platform more discoverable and reusable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1836
-msgid "#### Licensing a trademark *\\[MARKET-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2425
+msgid "Licensing a trademark <emphasis>[MARKET-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2428
msgid ""
"Finally, some that are Made with Creative Commons make money by selling use "
"of their trademarks. Well known brands that consumers associate with "
"abundance of CC content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1847
-msgid "#### Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2440
+msgid "Reciprocity-based revenue streams"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1852
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2442
msgid ""
"Even if we set aside grant funding, we found that the traditional economic "
"framework of understanding the market failed to fully capture the ways the "
"scarcity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1862
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2449
msgid ""
"Rather than devising a scheme to get people to pay money in exchange for "
"some direct value provided to them, many of the revenue streams were more "
"given and received is strictly equal.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1868
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2462
msgid ""
"This should be a familiar dynamic—it is the way you deal with your friends "
"and family. We give without regard for what and when we will get back. David "
"human species survive and evolve.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1873
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2472
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2476
+msgid "Ibid., 134."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2470
msgid ""
"What is rare is to incorporate this sort of relationship into an endeavor "
-"that also engages with the market.40 We almost can’t help but think of "
-"relationships in the market as being centered on an even-steven exchange of "
-"value.41"
+"that also engages with the market.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"We almost can’t help but think of relationships in the market as being "
+"centered on an even-steven exchange of value.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1875
-msgid "#### Memberships and individual donations *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2481
+msgid ""
+"Memberships and individual donations "
+"<emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1887
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2484
msgid ""
"While memberships and donations are traditional nonprofit funding models, in "
"the Made with Creative Commons context, they are directly tied to the "
"a social mission, the more likely this strategy is to succeed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1889
-msgid "#### The pay-what-you-want model *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2500
+msgid "The pay-what-you-want model <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1899
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2503
msgid ""
"In the pay-what-you-want model, the beneficiary of Creative Commons content "
"is invited to give—at any amount they can and feel is appropriate, based on "
"even in situations where we could find a way to get it for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1901
-msgid "#### Crowdfunding *\\[RECIPROCITY-BASED\\]*"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2516
+msgid "Crowdfunding <emphasis>[RECIPROCITY-BASED]</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1916
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2519
msgid ""
"Crowdfunding models are based on recouping the costs of creating and "
"distributing content before the content is created. If the endeavor is Made "
"her community and creating a connection with her fans. She wrote in The Art "
"of Asking, “Good art is made, good art is shared, help is offered, ears are "
"bent, emotions are exchanged, the compost of real, deep connection is "
-"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
+"sprayed all over the fields. Then one day, the artist steps up and asks for "
"something. And if the ground has been fertilized enough, the audience says, "
"without hesitation: of course.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1923
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2537
msgid ""
"Other types of crowdfunding rely on a sense of responsibility that a "
"particular community may feel. Knowledge Unlatched pools funds from major "
"to the idea of open access generally."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1925
-msgid "### Making Human Connections"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2548
+msgid "Making Human Connections"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1938
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2550
msgid ""
"Regardless of how they made money, in our interviews, we repeatedly heard "
"language like “persuading people to buy” and “inviting people to pay.” We "
"Lumen Learning showed us the letter they send to those who opt not to pay "
"for the services they provide in connection with their CC-licensed "
"educational content. It isn’t a cease-and-desist letter; it’s an invitation "
-"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward "
-"what could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the "
+"to pay because it’s the right thing to do. This sort of behavior toward what "
+"could be considered nonpaying customers is largely unheard of in the "
"traditional marketplace. But it seems to be part of the fabric of being Made "
"with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1945
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2566
msgid ""
"Nearly every endeavor we profiled relied, at least in part, on people being "
"invested in what they do. The closer the Creative Commons content is to "
-"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather "
-"than simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, "
-"personal, and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
+"being “the product,” the more pronounced this dynamic has to be. Rather than "
+"simply selling a product or service, they are making ideological, personal, "
+"and creative connections with the people who value what they do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1949
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2574
msgid ""
"It took me a very long time to see how this avoidance of thinking about what "
"they do in pure market terms was deeply tied to being Made with Creative "
"Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1953
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2579
msgid ""
"I came to the research with preconceived notions about what Creative Commons "
"is and what it means to be Made with Creative Commons. It turned out I was "
"wrong on so many counts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1962
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2584
msgid ""
"Obviously, being Made with Creative Commons means using Creative Commons "
"licenses. That much I knew. But in our interviews, people spoke of so much "
"what comes with sharing. You have to widen the lens."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1974
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2595
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons is not just about the simple act of "
"licensing a copyrighted work under a set of standardized terms, but also "
"with each other."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1979
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2609
msgid ""
"The rest of this section will explore some of the common strategies that "
"creators, companies, and organizations use to remind us that there are "
-"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
+"humans behind every creative endeavor. To remind us we have obligations to "
"each other. To remind us what sharing really looks like."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1981
-msgid "#### Be human"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2616
+msgid "Be human"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2620
+msgid ""
+"Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
+"Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:1988
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2618
msgid ""
"Humans are social animals, which means we are naturally inclined to treat "
-"each other well.42 But the further removed we are from the person with whom "
-"we are interacting, the less caring our behavior will be. While the "
-"Internet has democratized cultural production, increased access to "
-"knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary ways, it can also make it easy "
-"forget we are dealing with another human."
+"each other well.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But the further "
+"removed we are from the person with whom we are interacting, the less caring "
+"our behavior will be. While the Internet has democratized cultural "
+"production, increased access to knowledge, and connected us in extraordinary "
+"ways, it can also make it easy forget we are dealing with another human."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2000
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2644
+msgid ""
+"Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
+"Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2631
msgid ""
"To counteract the anonymous and impersonal tendencies of how we operate "
"online, individual creators and corporations who use Creative Commons "
"where things came from, how they were made, and who made them. The stories "
"you tell about the work you do have a huge effect on how people feel and "
"what they understand about your work, and how people feel and what they "
-"understand about your work affects how they value it.”43"
+"understand about your work affects how they value it.”<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2010
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2650
msgid ""
"A critical component to doing this effectively is not worrying about being a "
"“brand.” That means not being afraid to be vulnerable. Amanda Palmer says, "
"them. You’re too preoccupied with the task of impressing them.” Not everyone "
"is suited to live life as an open book like Palmer, and that’s OK. There are "
"a lot of ways to be human. The trick is just avoiding pretense and the "
-"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the "
-"glossy version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful "
-"way."
+"temptation to artificially craft an image. People don’t just want the glossy "
+"version of you. They can’t relate to it, at least not in a meaningful way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2670
+msgid "Kramer, Shareology, 76."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2019
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2662
msgid ""
"This advice is probably even more important for businesses and organizations "
"because we instinctively conceive of them as nonhuman (though in the United "
"the people behind them more apparent, it reminds people that they are "
"dealing with something other than an anonymous corporate entity. In "
"business-speak, this is about “humanizing your interactions” with the "
-"public.44 But it can’t be a gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+"public.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But it can’t be a "
+"gimmick. You can’t fake being human."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2676
+msgid "Be open and accountable"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2021
-msgid "#### Be open and accountable"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2685
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 252."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2031
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2690
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2678
msgid ""
"Transparency helps people understand who you are and why you do what you do, "
"but it also inspires trust. Max Temkin of Cards Against Humanity told us, "
"“One of the most surprising things you can do in capitalism is just be "
"honest with people.” That means sharing the good and the bad. As Amanda "
"Palmer wrote, “You can fix almost anything by authentically "
-"communicating.”45 It isn’t about trying to satisfy everyone or trying to "
-"sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but instead about explaining your rationale "
-"and then being prepared to defend it when people are critical.46"
+"communicating.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It isn’t about "
+"trying to satisfy everyone or trying to sugarcoat mistakes or bad news, but "
+"instead about explaining your rationale and then being prepared to defend it "
+"when people are critical.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2699
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2706
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2044
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2694
msgid ""
-"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
+"Being accountable does not mean operating on consensus. According to James "
"Surowiecki, consensus-driven groups tend to resort to "
"lowest-common-denominator solutions and avoid the sort of candid exchange of "
-"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.47 Instead, it can be as simple "
-"as asking for input and then giving context and explanation about decisions "
-"you make, even if soliciting feedback and inviting discourse is "
-"time-consuming. If you don’t go through the effort to actually respond to "
-"the input you receive, it can be worse than not inviting input in the first "
-"place.48 But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity "
+"ideas that cultivates healthy collaboration.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> Instead, it can be as simple as asking for input and then giving "
+"context and explanation about decisions you make, even if soliciting "
+"feedback and inviting discourse is time-consuming. If you don’t go through "
+"the effort to actually respond to the input you receive, it can be worse "
+"than not inviting input in the first place.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> But when you get it right, it can guarantee the type of diversity "
"of thought that helps endeavors excel. And it is another way to get people "
"involved and invested in what you do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2046
-msgid "#### Design for the good actors"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2714
+msgid "Design for the good actors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2718
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2059
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2723
+msgid "Ibid., 31."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2716
msgid ""
"Traditional economics assumes people make decisions based solely on their "
-"own economic self-interest.49 Any relatively introspective human knows this "
-"is a fiction—we are much more complicated beings with a whole range of "
-"needs, emotions, and motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together "
-"and ensure fairness.50 Being Made with Creative Commons requires an "
-"assumption that people will largely act on those social motivations, "
-"motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an economic sense. As "
-"Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to ignore people who try "
-"to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on a very shallow view of "
-"what motivates human behavior.” There will always be people who will act in "
-"purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons "
-"design for the good actors."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2068
+"own economic self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Any "
+"relatively introspective human knows this is a fiction—we are much more "
+"complicated beings with a whole range of needs, emotions, and "
+"motivations. In fact, we are hardwired to work together and ensure "
+"fairness.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Being Made with Creative "
+"Commons requires an assumption that people will largely act on those social "
+"motivations, motivations that would be considered “irrational” in an "
+"economic sense. As Knowledge Unlatched’s Pinter told us, “It is best to "
+"ignore people who try to scare you about free riding. That fear is based on "
+"a very shallow view of what motivates human behavior.” There will always be "
+"people who will act in purely selfish ways, but endeavors that are Made with "
+"Creative Commons design for the good actors."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2741
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2735
msgid ""
"The assumption that people will largely do the right thing can be a "
"self-fulfilling prophecy. Shirky wrote in Cognitive Surplus, “Systems that "
"assume people will act in ways that create public goods, and that give them "
"opportunities and rewards for doing so, often let them work together better "
-"than neoclassical economics would predict.”51 When we acknowledge that "
-"people are often motivated by something other than financial self-interest, "
-"we design our endeavors in ways that encourage and accentuate our social "
-"instincts."
+"than neoclassical economics would predict.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> When we acknowledge that people are often motivated by something "
+"other than financial self-interest, we design our endeavors in ways that "
+"encourage and accentuate our social instincts."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2078
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2758
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2748
msgid ""
"Rather than trying to exert control over people’s behavior, this mode of "
"operating requires a certain level of trust. We might not realize it, but "
"make sure citizens act honestly and responsibly. And it’s impossible for any "
"organization to rely on contracts alone to make sure that its managers and "
"workers live up to their obligation.” Instead, we largely trust that "
-"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.52 And most "
-"often, they do."
+"people—mostly strangers—will do what they are supposed to do.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And most often, they do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2080
-msgid "#### Treat humans like, well, humans"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2763
+msgid "Treat humans like, well, humans"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2089
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2768
+msgid "Kleon, Show Your Work, 127."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2776
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 121."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2765
msgid ""
"For creators, treating people as humans means not treating them like "
-"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan first.”53 Even "
-"if you happen to be one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you "
-"are better off remembering that the people who follow your work are human, "
-"too. Cory Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends "
-"him. Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to "
-"communicate with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
-"talks.54"
+"fans. As Kleon says, “If you want fans, you have to be a fan "
+"first.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Even if you happen to be "
+"one of the few to reach celebrity levels of fame, you are better off "
+"remembering that the people who follow your work are human, too. Cory "
+"Doctorow makes a point to answer every single email someone sends him. "
+"Amanda Palmer spends vast quantities of time going online to communicate "
+"with her public, making a point to listen just as much as she "
+"talks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2094
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2780
msgid ""
"The same idea goes for businesses and organizations. Rather than automating "
"its customer service, the music platform Tribe of Noise makes a point to "
"ensure its employees have personal, one-on-one interaction with users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2106
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2791
+msgid "Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2801
+msgid "Ibid., 105."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2786
msgid ""
"When we treat people like humans, they typically return the gift in "
"kind. It’s called karma. But social relationships are fragile. It is all too "
"easy to destroy them if you make the mistake of treating people as anonymous "
-"customers or free labor.55 Platforms that rely on content from contributors "
-"are especially at risk of creating an exploitative dynamic. It is important "
-"to find ways to acknowledge and pay back the value that contributors "
-"generate. That does not mean you can solve this problem by simply paying "
-"contributors for their time or contributions. As soon as we introduce money "
-"into a relationship—at least when it takes a form of paying monetary value "
-"in exchange for other value—it can dramatically change the dynamic.56"
+"customers or free labor.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Platforms "
+"that rely on content from contributors are especially at risk of creating an "
+"exploitative dynamic. It is important to find ways to acknowledge and pay "
+"back the value that contributors generate. That does not mean you can solve "
+"this problem by simply paying contributors for their time or "
+"contributions. As soon as we introduce money into a relationship—at least "
+"when it takes a form of paying monetary value in exchange for other value—it "
+"can dramatically change the dynamic.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2108
-msgid "#### State your principles and stick to them"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2806
+msgid "State your principles and stick to them"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2118
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2808
msgid ""
"Being Made with Creative Commons makes a statement about who you are and "
"what you do. The symbolism is powerful. Using Creative Commons licenses "
"connected with an endeavor’s separate social mission. Often both."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2127
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2820
msgid ""
"The expression of your values doesn’t have to be implicit. In fact, many of "
"the people we interviewed talked about how important it is to state your "
-"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their "
+"guiding principles up front. Lumen Learning attributes a lot of their "
"success to having been outspoken about the fundamental values that guide "
"what they do. As a for-profit company, they think their expressed commitment "
"to low-income students and open licensing has been critical to their "
"operate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2133
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2835
+msgid "Ibid., 36."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2831
msgid ""
"When your end goal is not about making a profit, people trust that you "
"aren’t just trying to extract value for your own gain. People notice when "
-"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own self-interest.57 It "
-"attracts committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
+"you have a sense of purpose that transcends your own "
+"self-interest.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It attracts "
+"committed employees, motivates contributors, and builds trust."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2841
+msgid "Build a community"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2135
-msgid "#### Build a community"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2849
+msgid ""
+"Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
+"2012), 36."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2145
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2843
msgid ""
"Endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons thrive when community is built "
"around what they do. This may mean a community collaborating together to "
"create something new, or it may simply be a collection of like-minded people "
-"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or beliefs.58 "
-"To a certain extent, simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically "
-"brings with it some element of community, by helping connect you to "
-"like-minded others who recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by "
-"using CC."
+"who get to know each other and rally around common interests or "
+"beliefs.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> To a certain extent, "
+"simply being Made with Creative Commons automatically brings with it some "
+"element of community, by helping connect you to like-minded others who "
+"recognize and are drawn to the values symbolized by using CC."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2865
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 98."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2872
+msgid "Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2857
msgid ""
"To be sustainable, though, you have to work to nurture community. People "
"have to care—about you and each other. One critical piece to this is "
"fostering a sense of belonging. As Jono Bacon writes in The Art of "
"Community, “If there is no belonging, there is no community.” For Amanda "
"Palmer and her band, that meant creating an accepting and inclusive "
-"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little family.”59 For "
-"organizations like Red Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or "
-"goals. As the CEO Jim Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping "
-"into passion is especially important in building the kinds of participative "
-"communities that drive open organizations.”60"
+"environment where people felt a part of their “weird little "
+"family.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> For organizations like Red "
+"Hat, that means connecting around common beliefs or goals. As the CEO Jim "
+"Whitehurst wrote in The Open Organization, “Tapping into passion is "
+"especially important in building the kinds of participative communities that "
+"drive open organizations.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2884
+msgid "Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2888
+msgid "Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2876
msgid ""
-"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
-"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
+"Communities that collaborate together take deliberate planning. Surowiecki "
+"wrote, “It takes a lot of work to put the group together. It’s difficult to "
"ensure that people are working in the group’s interest and not in their "
"own. And when there’s a lack of trust between the members of the group "
"(which isn’t surprising given that they don’t really know each other), "
"considerable energy is wasted trying to determine each other’s bona "
-"fides.”61 Building true community requires giving people within the "
-"community the power to create or influence the rules that govern the "
-"community.62 If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, "
-"people feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to "
-"disengagement."
+"fides.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Building true community "
+"requires giving people within the community the power to create or influence "
+"the rules that govern the community.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> If the rules are created and imposed in a top-down manner, people "
+"feel like they don’t have a voice, which in turn leads to disengagement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2173
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2894
msgid ""
"Community takes work, but working together, or even simply being connected "
"around common interests or values, is in many ways what sharing is about."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2175
-msgid "#### Give more to the commons than you take"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2900
+msgid "Give more to the commons than you take"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2911
+msgid ""
+"Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
+"at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28, 2015, <ulink "
+"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2186
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2919
+msgid ""
+"Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing, reprint with "
+"new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2902
msgid ""
"Conventional wisdom in the marketplace dictates that people should try to "
"extract as much money as possible from resources. This is essentially what "
"Harvard Business Review website called “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about "
"Sharing at All,” authors Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi explained how the "
"anonymous market-driven trans-actions in most sharing-economy businesses are "
-"purely about monetizing access.63 As Lisa Gansky put it in her book The "
-"Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing economy is to sell the same "
-"product multiple times, by selling access rather than ownership.64 That is "
-"not sharing."
+"purely about monetizing access.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As "
+"Lisa Gansky put it in her book The Mesh, the primary strategy of the sharing "
+"economy is to sell the same product multiple times, by selling access rather "
+"than ownership.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> That is not "
+"sharing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2935
+msgid ""
+"David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet,” "
+"BBC News, March 3, 2016, <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2198
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2925
msgid ""
"Sharing requires adding as much or more value to the ecosystem than you "
"take. You can’t simply treat open content as a free pool of resources from "
"which to extract value. Part of giving back to the ecosystem is contributing "
"content back to the public under CC licenses. But it doesn’t have to just be "
-"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
+"about creating content; it can be about adding value in other ways. The "
"social blogging platform Medium provides value to its community by "
"incentivizing good behavior, and the result is an online space with "
-"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited trolling.65 "
-"Opendesk contributes to its community by committing to help its designers "
-"make money, in part by actively curating and displaying their work on its "
-"platform effectively."
+"remarkably high-quality user-generated content and limited "
+"trolling.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Opendesk contributes to "
+"its community by committing to help its designers make money, in part by "
+"actively curating and displaying their work on its platform effectively."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2206
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2944
msgid ""
"In all cases, it is important to openly acknowledge the amount of value you "
"add versus that which you draw on that was created by others. Being "
"add outweighs the value provided by you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2208
-msgid "#### Involve people in what you do"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2955
+msgid "Involve people in what you do"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2960
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 148."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2964
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2971 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3035
+msgid "Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2220
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2957
msgid ""
"Thanks to the Internet, we can tap into the talents and expertise of people "
-"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of talent.66 But to "
-"make collaboration work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, "
-"and the people within the group have to find satisfaction from being "
-"involved.67 This is easier to facilitate for some types of creative work "
-"than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate best when "
-"people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly for "
-"larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
-"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.68"
+"around the globe. Chris Anderson calls it the Long Tail of "
+"talent.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> But to make collaboration "
+"work, the group has to be effective at what it is doing, and the people "
+"within the group have to find satisfaction from being involved.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> This is easier to facilitate for some types of "
+"creative work than it is for others. Groups tied together online collaborate "
+"best when people can work independently and asynchronously, and particularly "
+"for larger groups with loose ties, when contributors can make simple "
+"improvements without a particularly heavy time commitment.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"2\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2984
+msgid "Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2229
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2975
msgid ""
"As the success of Wikipedia demonstrates, editing an online encyclopedia is "
"exactly the sort of activity that is perfect for massive co-creation because "
"own are immensely valuable in the aggregate. Those same sorts of small "
"contributions would be less useful for many other types of creative work, "
"and people are inherently less motivated to contribute when it doesn’t "
-"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.69"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2246
-msgid ""
-"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
-"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
-"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of circumstances—perhaps "
-"more often than not—community cocreation is not part of the equation, even "
-"within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, “Sometimes the value of "
-"professional work trumps the value of amateur sharing or a feeling of "
-"belonging.70 The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its "
-"material for free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather "
-"than tapping the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they "
-"invest a significant amount of time and money to develop professional "
-"content. For individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for "
-"what they do, community cocreation is only rarely a part of the "
-"picture. Even musician Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and "
-"involvement with her fans, said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to "
-"input was the writing, the music itself.”71"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2257
-msgid ""
-"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
-"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
-"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and "
-"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called "
-"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
-"your creative work.72 And it shows a nonterritorial approach to ideas and "
-"information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People fame) "
-"calls this the abundance mentality—treating ideas like something "
-"plentiful—and it can create an environment where collaboration flourishes.73"
+"appear that their efforts will make much of a difference.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2266
-msgid ""
-"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
-"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
-"motivations.74 What that looks like varies wildly depending on the "
-"project. Not every endeavor that is Made with Creative Commons can be "
-"Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to invite the public into what "
-"they do. The goal for any form of collaboration is to move away from "
-"thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your content and transition "
-"them into active participants.75"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2996
+msgid "Ibid., 154."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
-msgid ""
-"Alex Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur, Business Model Generation (Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010), 14. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3008
+msgid "Palmer, Art of Asking, 163."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:2988
msgid ""
-"Cory Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
-"Age (San Francisco, CA: McSweeney’s, 2014) 68."
+"It is easy to romanticize the opportunities for global cocreation made "
+"possible by the Internet, and, indeed, the successful examples of it are "
+"truly incredible and inspiring. But in a wide range of "
+"circumstances—perhaps more often than not—community cocreation is not part "
+"of the equation, even within endeavors built on CC content. Shirky wrote, "
+"“Sometimes the value of professional work trumps the value of amateur "
+"sharing or a feeling of belonging.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> "
+"The textbook publisher OpenStax, which distributes all of its material for "
+"free under CC licensing, is an example of this dynamic. Rather than tapping "
+"the community to help cocreate their college textbooks, they invest a "
+"significant amount of time and money to develop professional content. For "
+"individual creators, where the creative work is the basis for what they do, "
+"community cocreation is only rarely a part of the picture. Even musician "
+"Amanda Palmer, who is famous for her openness and involvement with her fans, "
+"said, “The only department where I wasn’t open to input was the writing, the "
+"music itself.”<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
-msgid "Ibid., 55."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3019
+msgid "Anderson, Makers, 173."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3026
msgid ""
-"Chris Anderson, Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
-"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface (New York: Hyperion, 2010), "
-"224."
+"Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
+"within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
-msgid "Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 44."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3012
+msgid ""
+"While we tend to immediately think of cocreation and remixing when we hear "
+"the word collaboration, you can also involve others in your creative process "
+"in more informal ways, by sharing half-baked ideas and early drafts, and "
+"interacting with the public to incubate ideas and get feedback. So-called "
+"“making in public” opens the door to letting people feel more invested in "
+"your creative work.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> And it shows a "
+"nonterritorial approach to ideas and information. Stephen Covey (of The 7 "
+"Habits of Highly Effective People fame) calls this the abundance "
+"mentality—treating ideas like something plentiful—and it can create an "
+"environment where collaboration flourishes.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3043
msgid ""
-"Amanda Palmer, The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
-"People Help (New York: Grand Central, 2014), 121."
+"Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
+"Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '7. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><sect1><sect2><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3032
msgid ""
-"Chris Anderson, Makers: The New Industrial Revolution (New York: Signal, "
-"2012), 64."
+"There is no one way to involve people in what you do. They key is finding a "
+"way for people to contribute on their terms, compelled by their own "
+"motivations.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> What that looks like "
+"varies wildly depending on the project. Not every endeavor that is Made with "
+"Creative Commons can be Wikipedia, but every endeavor can find ways to "
+"invite the public into what they do. The goal for any form of collaboration "
+"is to move away from thinking of consumers as passive recipients of your "
+"content and transition them into active participants.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '8. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
-msgid ""
-"David Bollier, Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of "
-"the Commons (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014), 70."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3052
+msgid "The Creative Commons Licenses"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2369
-#, no-wrap
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3054
msgid ""
-"9. Anderson, Makers, 66.\n"
-"10. Bryan Kramer, Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy\n"
-" (New York: Morgan James, 2016), 10.\n"
-"11. Anderson, Free, 62.\n"
-"12. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 38.\n"
-"13. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 68.\n"
-"14. Anderson, Free, 86.\n"
-"15. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 144.\n"
-"16. Anderson, Free, 123.\n"
-"17. Ibid., 132.\n"
-"18. Ibid., 70.\n"
-"19. James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (New York: Anchor Books,\n"
-" 2005), 124. Surowiecki says, “The measure of success of laws and\n"
-" contracts is how rarely they are invoked.”\n"
-"20. Anderson, Free, 44.\n"
-"21. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 23.\n"
-"22. Anderson, Free, 67.\n"
-"23. Ibid., 58.\n"
-"24. Anderson, Makers, 71.\n"
-"25. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into\n"
-" Collaborators (London: Penguin Books, 2010), 78.\n"
-"26. Ibid., 21.\n"
-"27. Doctorow, Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, 43.\n"
-"28. William Landes Foster, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen, “Ten\n"
-" Nonprofit Funding Models,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring\n"
-" 2009, ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models.\n"
-"29. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 111.\n"
-"30. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 30.\n"
-"31. Jim Whitehurst, The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and\n"
-" Performance (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 202.\n"
-"32. Anderson, Free, 71.\n"
-"33. Ibid., 231.\n"
-"34. Ibid., 97.\n"
-"35. Anderson, Makers, 107.\n"
-"36. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 89.\n"
-"37. Ibid., 92.\n"
-"38. Anderson, Free, 142.\n"
-"39. Osterwalder and Pigneur, Business Model Generation, 32.\n"
-"40. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 150.\n"
-"41. Ibid., 134.\n"
-"42. Dan Ariely, Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our\n"
-" Decisions, rev. ed. (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010), 109.\n"
-"43. Austin Kleon, Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and\n"
-" Get Discovered (New York: Workman, 2014), 93.\n"
-"44. Kramer, Shareology, 76.\n"
-"45. Palmer, Art of Asking, 252.\n"
-"46. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 145.\n"
-"47. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 203.\n"
-"48. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 80.\n"
-"49. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 25.\n"
-"50. Ibid., 31.\n"
-"51. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 112.\n"
-"52. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 124.\n"
-"53. Kleon, Show Your Work, 127.\n"
-"54. Palmer, Art of Asking, 121.\n"
-"55. Ariely, Predictably Irrational, 87.\n"
-"56. Ibid., 105.\n"
-"57. Ibid., 36.\n"
-"58. Jono Bacon, The Art of Community, 2nd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly\n"
-" Media, 2012), 36.\n"
-"59. Palmer, Art of Asking, 98.\n"
-"60. Whitehurst, Open Organization, 34.\n"
-"61. Surowiecki, Wisdom of Crowds, 200.\n"
-"62. Bollier, Think Like a Commoner, 29.\n"
-"63. Giana Eckhardt and Fleura Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about\n"
-" Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review (website), January 28,\n"
-" 2015, hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all.\n"
-"64. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing,\n"
-" reprint with new epilogue (New York: Portfolio, 2012).\n"
-"65. David Lee, “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the\n"
-" Internet,” BBC News, March 3, 2016,\n"
-" www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680.\n"
-"66. Anderson, Makers, 148.\n"
-"67. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 164.\n"
-"68. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
-"69. Shirky, Cognitive Surplus, 144.\n"
-"70. Ibid., 154.\n"
-"71. Palmer, Art of Asking, 163.\n"
-"72. Anderson, Makers, 173.\n"
-"73. Tom Kelley and David Kelley, Creative Confidence: Unleashing the\n"
-" Potential within Us All (New York: Crown, 2013), 82.\n"
-"74. Whitehurst, foreword to Open Organization.\n"
-"75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of\n"
-" Collaborative Consumption (New York: Harper Business, 2010), 188.\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2371
-msgid "## The Creative Commons Licenses"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2384
-msgid ""
-"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
+"All of the Creative Commons licenses grant a basic set of permissions. At a "
"minimum, a CC- licensed work can be copied and shared in its original form "
-"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the creator. "
-"There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that basic set "
-"of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only those basic "
-"permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial purposes) to the "
-"most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with the work, even for "
-"commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator credit). The licenses "
-"are built on copyright and do not cover other types of rights that creators "
-"might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2386
+"for noncommercial purposes so long as attribution is given to the "
+"creator. There are six licenses in the CC license suite that build on that "
+"basic set of permissions, ranging from the most restrictive (allowing only "
+"those basic permissions to share unmodified copies for noncommercial "
+"purposes) to the most permissive (reusers can do anything they want with "
+"the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they give the creator "
+"credit). The licenses are built on copyright and do not cover other types of "
+"rights that creators might have in their works, like patents or trademarks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3068
msgid "Here are the six licenses:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2389
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3072
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D83BF99FC0821C489.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2395
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3081
msgid ""
"The Attribution license (CC BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the "
"materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2398
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3089
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DFD3592CB17C4EC38.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2405
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3098
msgid ""
"The Attribution-Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA) lets others remix, tweak, and "
"build upon your work, even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit "
"also allow commercial use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2408
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3108
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D254882DE24793FEA.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2412
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3117
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, "
"commercial and noncommercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged with "
"credit to you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2415
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3123
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DCAF78FB61D1CBDA6.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2420
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3132
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, "
"and build upon your work noncommercially. Although their new works must also "
"same terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2423
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3139
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008D16DA603376395620.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2427
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3148
msgid ""
-"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
+"The Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA) lets others "
"remix, tweak, and build upon your work noncommercially, as long as they "
"credit you and license their new creations under the same terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2430
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3155
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.198in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001930000008DC3FEF92B21310965.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2435
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3164
msgid ""
"The Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND) is the most "
"restrictive of our six main licenses, only allowing others to download your "
"change them or use them commercially."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2440
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3171
msgid ""
"In addition to these six licenses, Creative Commons has two public-domain "
"tools—one for creators and the other for those who manage collections of "
"existing works by authors whose terms of copyright have expired:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2443
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3178
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001900000008DBE3414994CD27786.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2446
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3187
msgid ""
"CC0 enables authors and copyright owners to dedicate their works to the "
"worldwide public domain (“no rights reserved”)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2449
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><informalfigure><mediaobject>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3192
msgid ""
-"{width=\"4.1665in\" "
-"height=\"1.4689in\"}"
+"<imageobject> <imagedata "
+"fileref=\"Pictures/10000201000001900000008D36DCD649C5B1411F.png\" "
+"width=\"40.0%\"/> </imageobject>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3201
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons Public Domain Mark facilitates the labeling and "
"discovery of works that are already free of known copyright restrictions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2462
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3206
msgid ""
"In our case studies, some use just one Creative Commons license, others use "
-"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
+"several. Attribution (found in thirteen case studies) and "
"Attribution-ShareAlike (found in eight studies) were the most common, with "
"the other licenses coming up in four or so case studies, including the "
"public-domain tool CC0. Some of the organizations we profiled offer both "
"amplify their involvement with and commitment to sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2474
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3217
msgid ""
"There is a popular misconception that the three NonCommercial licenses "
"offered by CC are the only options for those who want to make money off "
"their work. As we hope this book makes clear, there are many ways to make "
-"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
+"endeavors that are Made with Creative Commons sustainable. Reserving "
"commercial rights is only one of those ways. It is certainly true that a "
"license that allows others to make commercial use of your work (CC BY, CC "
"BY-SA, and CC BY-ND) forecloses some traditional revenue streams. If you "
"film, or prevent another company from selling physical copies of your work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2486
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3231
msgid ""
"The decision to choose a NonCommercial and/or NoDerivs license comes down to "
"how much you need to retain control over the creative work. The "
"creators. In some cases, reserving those rights is important to how you "
"bring in revenue. In other cases, creators use a NonCommercial or NoDerivs "
"license because they can’t give up on the dream of hitting the creative "
-"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
+"jackpot. The music platform Tribe of Noise told us the NonCommercial "
"licenses were popular among their users because people still held out the "
"dream of having a major record label discover their work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2491
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3244
msgid ""
"Other times the decision to use a more restrictive license is due to a "
"concern about the integrity of the work. For example, the nonprofit "
"medical subject matter is particularly important to get right."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2501
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3251
msgid ""
"There is no one right way. The NonCommercial and NoDerivs restrictions "
"reflect the values and preferences of creators about how their creative work "
"domains."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2503
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3263
msgid "Note"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2507
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3266
msgid ""
"For more about the licenses including examples and tips on sharing your work "
"in the digital commons, start with the Creative Commons page called “Share "
-"Your Work” at"
+"Your Work” at <ulink url=\"http://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2509
-msgid "creativecommons.org/share-your-work/."
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3274
+msgid "The Case Studies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2512
-msgid "# The Case Studies"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3277
msgid ""
"The twenty-four case studies in this section were chosen from hundreds of "
"nominations received from Kickstarter backers, Creative Commons staff, and "
"the global Creative Commons community. We selected eighty potential "
"candidates that represented a mix of industries, content types, revenue "
-"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected "
+"streams, and parts of the world. Twelve of the case studies were selected "
"from that group based on votes cast by Kickstarter backers, and the other "
"twelve were selected by us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2526
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><partintro><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3287
msgid ""
"We did background research and conducted interviews for each case study, "
-"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
+"based on the same set of basic questions about the endeavor. The idea for "
"each case study is to tell the story about the endeavor and the role sharing "
"plays within it, largely the way in which it was told to us by those we "
"interviewed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2528
-msgid "## Arduino"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3295
+msgid "Arduino"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2531
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3298
msgid ""
"Arduino is a for-profit open-source electronics platform and computer "
"hardware and software company. Founded in 2005 in Italy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2533
-msgid "www.arduino.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3303
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2537
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3305
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (sales of boards, modules, "
-"shields, and kits), licensing a trademark (fees paid by those who want to "
-"sell Arduino products using their name)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (sales of boards, modules, shields, and kits), licensing a trademark "
+"(fees paid by those who want to sell Arduino products using their name)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2539 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3222
-msgid "Interview date: February 4, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3310 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4151
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 4, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2541
-msgid "Interviewees: David Cuartielles and Tom Igoe, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3313
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Cuartielles and Tom "
+"Igoe, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2543 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3226 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3581 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3786 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4026 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4263 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4671 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4883 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5110 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5348 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5783 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6027 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6416 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7060
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3317 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4158 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4589 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4830 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5112 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5421 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5931 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6184 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6505 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6855 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7395 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7679 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8143 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8919
msgid "Profile written by Paul Stacey"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2555
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3321
msgid ""
"In 2005, at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in northern Italy, "
"teachers and students needed an easy way to use electronics and programming "
"General Public License."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2563
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3335
msgid ""
"Arduino boards are able to read inputs—light on a sensor, a finger on a "
"button, or a Twitter message—and turn it into outputs—activating a motor, "
"software called Processing, a programming tool used to make visual art)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2570
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3345
msgid ""
-"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom says. "
-"Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
+"“The reasons for making Arduino open source are complicated,” Tom "
+"says. Partly it was about supporting flexibility. The open-source nature of "
"Arduino empowers users to modify it and create a lot of different "
-"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this “ended "
-"up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of "
+"variations, adding on top of what the founders build. David says this "
+"“ended up strengthening the platform far beyond what we had even thought of "
"building.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2579
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3353
msgid ""
"For Tom another factor was the impending closure of the Ivrea design "
"school. He’d seen other organizations close their doors and all their work "
"product.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2586
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3362
msgid ""
"With the school closing, David and some of the other Arduino founders "
"started a consulting firm and multidisciplinary design studio they called "
"Tinker, in London. Tinker designed products and services that bridged the "
"digital and the physical, and they taught people how to use new technologies "
-"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
+"in creative ways. Revenue from Tinker was invested in sustaining and "
"enhancing Arduino."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2593
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3371
msgid ""
"For Tom, part of Arduino’s success is because the founders made themselves "
"the first customer of their product. They made products they themselves "
"customer makes you more confident and convincing at selling your product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2605
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3379
msgid ""
"Arduino’s business model has evolved over time—and Tom says model is a "
"grandiose term for it. Originally, they just wanted to make a few boards and "
"get them out into the world. They started out with two hundred boards, sold "
"them, and made a little profit. They used that to make another thousand, "
-"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, "
+"which generated enough revenue to make five thousand. In the early days, "
"they simply tried to generate enough funding to keep the venture going day "
"to day. When they hit the ten thousand mark, they started to think about "
"Arduino as a company. By then it was clear you can open-source the design "
-"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
+"but still manufacture the physical product. As long as it’s a quality "
"product and sold at a reasonable price, people will buy it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2618
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3393
msgid ""
"Arduino now has a worldwide community of makers—students, hobbyists, "
"artists, programmers, and professionals. Arduino provides a wiki called "
"helpful to novices and experts alike."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2625
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3407
msgid ""
-"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
-"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
+"Transitioning Arduino from a project to a company was a big step. Other "
+"businesses who made boards were charging a lot of money for them. Arduino "
"wanted to make theirs available at a low price to people across a wide range "
"of industries. As with any business, pricing was key. They wanted prices "
"that would get lots of customers but were also high enough to sustain the "
"business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2631
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3415
msgid ""
"For a business, getting to the end of the year and not being in the red is a "
"success. Arduino may have an open-licensing strategy, but they are still a "
"open-source way can only help you.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2641
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3423
msgid ""
"While openly licensing the designs, documentation, and software ensures "
"longevity, it does have risks. There’s a possibility that others will create "
"new version is equally free and open."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2651
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3435
msgid ""
"Tom and David say that a lot of people have built companies off of Arduino, "
"with dozens of Arduino derivatives out there. But in contrast to closed "
"Arduino community use and incorporate into new products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2660
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3455
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3446
msgid ""
"Over time, the range of Arduino products has diversified, changing and "
"adapting to new needs and challenges. In addition to simple entry level "
"boards, new products have been added ranging from enhanced boards that "
"provide advanced functionality and faster performance, to boards for "
-"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
+"creating Internet of Things applications, wearables, and 3-D printing. The "
"full range of official Arduino products includes boards, modules (a smaller "
"form-factor of classic boards), shields (elements that can be plugged onto a "
-"board to give it extra features), and kits.1"
+"board to give it extra features), and kits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2671
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3458
msgid ""
"Arduino’s focus is on high-quality boards, well-designed support materials, "
"and the building of community; this focus is one of the keys to their "
"there."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2681
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3471
msgid ""
"A key decision for Arduino was trademarking the name. The founders needed a "
"way to guarantee to people that they were buying a quality product from a "
"low-quality copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3483
msgid ""
"Current official manufacturers are Smart Projects in Italy, SparkFun in the "
-"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
-"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their boards. "
-"Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
+"United States, and Dog Hunter in Taiwan/China. These are the only "
+"manufacturers that are allowed to use the Arduino logo on their "
+"boards. Trademarking their brand provided the founders with a way to protect "
"Arduino, build it out further, and fund software and tutorial "
"development. The trademark-licensing fee for the brand became Arduino’s "
"revenue-generating model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2696
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3493
msgid ""
"How far to open things up wasn’t always something the founders perfectly "
"agreed on. David, who was always one to advocate for opening things up more, "
"critical tool for Arduino."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2709
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3514
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3502
msgid ""
"David encourages people and businesses to start by sharing everything as a "
"default strategy, and then think about whether there is anything that really "
"In the Clones,” by one of the founders Massimo Banzi, does a great job of "
"explaining the full complexities of how trademarking their brand has played "
"out, distinguishing between official boards and those that are clones, "
-"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.2"
+"derivatives, compatibles, and counterfeits.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2715
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3517
msgid ""
"For David, an exciting aspect of Arduino is the way lots of people can use "
"it to adapt technology in many different ways. Technology is always making "
"more things possible but doesn’t always focus on making it easy to use and "
-"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things that "
-"help other people make things.”"
+"adapt. This is where Arduino steps in. Arduino’s goal is “making things "
+"that help other people make things.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2721
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3525
msgid ""
"Arduino has been hugely successful in making technology and electronics "
"reach a larger audience. For Tom, Arduino has been about “the "
"says, “Technology is a literacy everyone should learn.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2725
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3533
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for Arduino, going open has been good business—good for product "
"development, good for distribution, good for pricing, and good for "
"manufacturing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2727 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3765 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4005 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4242 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4862 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5087 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5326 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5573 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6006 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6233 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6674 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7241
-msgid "Web links"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-msgid "www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2730
-msgid "blog.arduino.cc/2013/07/10/send-in-the-clones/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2732
-msgid "## Ártica"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3539
+msgid "Ártica"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2736
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3542
msgid ""
"Ártica provides online courses and consulting services focused on how to use "
"digital technology to share knowledge and enable collaboration in arts and "
"culture. Founded in 2011 in Uruguay."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2738
-msgid "www.articaonline.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3547
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.articaonline.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2740
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3549
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2742
-msgid "Interview date: March 9, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3552
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 9, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2744
-msgid "Interviewees: Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3554
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Mariana Fossatti and "
+"Jorge Gemetto, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2746 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2896 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3051 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3392 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4502 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5590 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6257 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6694 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6872 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7260
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3558 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3745 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3937 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4356 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5723 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7166 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7947 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8469 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8690 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9156
msgid "Profile written by Sarah Hinchliff Pearson"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2751
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3562
msgid ""
"The story of Mariana Fossatti and Jorge Gemetto’s business, Ártica, is the "
"ultimate example of DIY. Not only are they successful entrepreneurs, the "
"themselves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2753
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3568
msgid "Their dream jobs didn’t exist, so they created them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2763
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3571
msgid ""
"In 2011, Mariana was a sociologist working for an international organization "
"to develop research and online education about rural-development "
"and institutions creating artistic and cultural projects on the Internet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2774
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3583
msgid ""
"Ártica feels like a uniquely twenty-first century business. The small "
"company has a global online presence with no physical offices. Jorge and "
"by creating a MOOC (massive open online course) about remix culture and "
"collaboration in the arts, which gave them a direct way to reach an "
"international audience, attracting students from across Latin America and "
-"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to "
+"Spain. In other words, it is the classic Internet story of being able to "
"directly tap into an audience without relying upon gatekeepers or "
"intermediaries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2783
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3596
msgid ""
"Ártica offers personalized education and consulting services, and helps "
"clients implement projects. All of these services are customized. They call "
"provide it for free and charge for the personalized services."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2790
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3606
msgid ""
"When they started, they offered a smaller number of courses designed to "
"attract large audiences. “Over the years, we realized that online "
"and offer classes on more specialized topics."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3615
msgid ""
"Online courses are their biggest revenue stream, but they also do more than "
"a dozen consulting projects each year, ranging from digitization to event "
"commissioned by individual artists."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2802
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3623
msgid ""
-"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific projects. "
-"Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project like a new "
-"course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in it. They take "
-"the stance that every new project leads them to something new, every new "
-"resource they create opens new doors."
+"Ártica also seeks out public and private funding for specific "
+"projects. Sometimes, even if they are unsuccessful in subsidizing a project "
+"like a new course or e-book, they will go ahead because they believe in "
+"it. They take the stance that every new project leads them to something new, "
+"every new resource they create opens new doors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2816
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3631
msgid ""
"Ártica relies heavily on their free Creative Commons–licensed content to "
"attract new students and clients. Everything they create—online education, "
"viral,” Jorge said. For them, giving others the right to reuse and remix "
"their content is a fundamental value. “How can you offer an online "
"educational service without giving permission to download, make and keep "
-"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do "
+"copies, or print the educational resources?” Jorge said. “If we want to do "
"the best for our students—those who trust in us to the point that they are "
"willing to pay online without face-to-face contact—we have to offer them a "
"fair and ethical agreement.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2822
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3647
msgid ""
"They also believe sharing their ideas and expertise openly helps them build "
"their reputation and visibility. People often share and cite their work. A "
"open up new opportunities for their business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2831
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3655
msgid ""
"This belief that openness creates new opportunities reflects another "
"belief—in serendipity. When describing their process for creating content, "
"like a course or a book.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2839
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3665
msgid ""
"Rather than planning their work in advance, they let their creative process "
"be dynamic. “This doesn’t mean that we don’t need to work hard in order to "
"ways, for them, the process is just as important as the final product."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2845
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3674
msgid ""
"People and relationships are also just as important, sometimes more. “In the "
"educational and cultural business, it is more important to pay attention to "
"people and process, rather than content or specific formats or materials,” "
-"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the "
+"Mariana said. “Materials and content are fluid. The important thing is the "
"relationships.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2849
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3682
msgid ""
"Ártica believes in the power of the network. They seek to make connections "
"with people and institutions across the globe so they can learn from them "
"and share their knowledge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2860
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3687
msgid ""
"At the core of everything Ártica does is a set of values. “Good content is "
"not enough,” Jorge said. “We also think that it is very important to take a "
"and culture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2868
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3700
msgid ""
-"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. "
-"Human resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
+"Of course, Ártica also has to make enough money to cover its expenses. Human "
+"resources are, by far, their biggest expense. They tap a network of "
"collaborators on a case-by-case basis and hire contractors for specific "
"projects. Whenever possible, they draw from artistic and cultural resources "
"in the commons, and they rely on free software. Their operation is small, "
"efficient, and sustainable, and because of that, it is a success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2874
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3709
msgid ""
-"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
+"“There are lots of people offering online courses,” Jorge said. “But it is "
"easy to differentiate us. We have an approach that is very specific and "
-"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For "
+"personal.” Ártica’s model is rooted in the personal at every level. For "
"Mariana and Jorge, success means doing what brings them personal meaning and "
"purpose, and doing it sustainably and collaboratively."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2880
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3717
msgid ""
"In their work with younger artists, Mariana and Jorge try to emphasize that "
"this model of success is just as valuable as the picture of success we get "
"what it looks like.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2882
-msgid "## Blender Institute"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3725
+msgid "Blender Institute"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2885
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3728
msgid ""
"The Blender Institute is an animation studio that creates 3-D films using "
"Blender software. Founded in 2006 in the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2887
-msgid "www.blender.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3733
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.blender.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2890
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3735
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for physical "
-"copies, selling merchandise"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(subscription-based), charging for physical copies, selling merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2892
-msgid "Interview date: March 8, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3739
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 8, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2894
-msgid "Interviewee: Francesco Siddi, production coordinator"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3741
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Francesco Siddi, "
+"production coordinator"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2905
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3749
msgid ""
"For Ton Roosendaal, the creator of Blender software and its related "
"entities, sharing is practical. Making their 3-D content creation software "
"concrete ways."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3760
msgid ""
"Each open-movie project Blender runs produces a host of openly licensed "
"outputs, not just the final film itself but all of the source material as "
"the creative and technical community working together."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2920
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3770
msgid ""
"Rather than just talking about the theoretical benefits of sharing and free "
-"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
+"culture, Ton is very much about doing and making free culture. Blender’s "
"production coordinator Francesco Siddi told us, “Ton believes if you don’t "
"make content using your tools, then you’re not doing anything.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2930
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3777
msgid ""
"Blender’s history begins in the late 1990s, when Ton created the Blender "
"software. Originally, the software was an in-house resource for his "
-"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in "
+"animation studio based in the Netherlands. Investors became interested in "
"the software, so he began marketing the software to the public, offering a "
"free version in addition to a paid version. Sales were disappointing, and "
"his investors gave up on the endeavor in the early 2000s. He made a deal "
"Blender software available under the GNU General Public License."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2940
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3788
msgid ""
"This was long before Kickstarter and other online crowdfunding sites "
"existed, but Ton ran his own version of a crowdfunding campaign and quickly "
"the project could live.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2947
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3800
msgid ""
"Like any successful free and open-source software project, Blender developed "
"quickly because the community could make fixes and improvements. “Software "
"Foundation to oversee and steward the software development and maintenance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2956
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3808
msgid ""
"After a few years, Ton began looking for new ways to push development of the "
"software. He came up with the idea of creating CC-licensed films using the "
"Blender software. Ton put a call online for all interested and skilled "
"artists. Francesco said the idea was to get the best artists available, put "
"them in a building together with the best developers, and have them work "
-"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
+"together. They would not only produce high-quality openly licensed content, "
"they would improve the Blender software in the process."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3818
msgid ""
-"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
+"They turned to crowdfunding to subsidize the costs of the project. They had "
"about twenty people working full-time for six to ten months, so the costs "
"were significant. Francesco said that when their crowdfunding campaign "
"succeeded, people were astounded. “The idea that making money was possible "
"said. “They were like, ‘I have to see it to believe it.’”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2969
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3827
msgid ""
"The first film, which was released in 2006, was an experiment. It was so "
"successful that Ton decided to set up the Blender Institute, an entity "
"and its animated characters were picked up by marketers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2980
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3835
msgid ""
"Francesco said that, over time, the Blender Institute projects have gotten "
"bigger and more prominent. That means the filmmaking process has become more "
"because of the number of moving parts. This requires a lot of specialized "
"assistance, but the Blender Institute has no problem finding the talent it "
"needs to help on projects. “Blender hardly does any recruiting for film "
-"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
+"projects because the talent emerges naturally,” Francesco said. “So many "
"people want to work with us, and we can’t always hire them because of budget "
"constraints.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2988
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3848
msgid ""
"Blender has had a lot of success raising money from its community over the "
-"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
+"years. In many ways, the pitch has gotten easier to make. Not only is "
"crowdfunding simply more familiar to the public, but people know and trust "
"Blender to deliver, and Ton has developed a reputation as an effective "
"community leader and visionary for their work. “There is a whole community "
"who sees and understands the benefit of these projects,” Francesco said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:2995
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3857
msgid ""
"While these benefits of each open-movie project make a compelling pitch for "
"crowdfunding campaigns, Francesco told us the Blender Institute has found "
"some limitations in the standard crowdfunding model where you propose a "
-"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone goes "
-"home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
+"specific project and ask for funding. “Once a project is over, everyone "
+"goes home,” he said. “It is great fun, but then it ends. That is a problem.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3009
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3865
msgid ""
"To make their work more sustainable, they needed a way to receive ongoing "
"support rather than on a project-by-project basis. Their solution is Blender "
"Cloud, a subscription-style crowdfunding model akin to the online "
"crowdfunding platform, Patreon. For about ten euros each month, subscribers "
"get access to download everything the Blender Institute produces—software, "
-"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an "
+"art, training, and more. All of the assets are available under an "
"Attribution license (CC BY) or placed in the public domain (CC0), but they "
"are initially made available only to subscribers. Blender Cloud enables "
"subscribers to follow Blender’s movie projects as they develop, sharing "
"assets used in various projects."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3014
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3880
msgid ""
"The continuous financial support provided by Blender Cloud subsidizes five "
"to six full-time employees at the Blender Institute. Francesco says their "
"“and for artists, freedom is everything.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3021
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3887
msgid ""
-"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
+"Blender Cloud is the primary revenue stream of the Blender Institute. The "
"Blender Foundation is funded primarily by donations, and that money goes "
"toward software development and maintenance. The revenue streams of the "
"Institute and Foundation are deliberately kept separate. Blender also has "
"DVDs, T-shirts, and other Blender products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3026
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3896
msgid ""
"Ton has worked on projects relating to his Blender software for nearly "
"twenty years. Throughout most of that time, he has been committed to making "
"open. Selling a license has never been part of the business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3034
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3903
msgid ""
"Since 2006, he has been making films available along with all of their "
"source material. He says he has hardly ever seen people stepping into "
"reproduce what you did,” Ton said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3036
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3913
msgid "For Ton and Blender, it all comes back to doing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3038
-msgid "## Cards Against Humanity"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3917
+msgid "Cards Against Humanity"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3920
msgid ""
"Cards Against Humanity is a private, for-profit company that makes a popular "
"party game by the same name. Founded in 2011 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3043
-msgid "www.cardsagainsthumanity.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3925
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3045
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3927
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3047
-msgid "Interview date: February 3, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3930
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3049
-msgid "Interviewee: Max Temkin, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3933
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Max Temkin, cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3056
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3941
msgid ""
"If you ask cofounder Max Temkin, there is nothing particularly interesting "
"about the Cards Against Humanity business model. “We make a product. We sell "
"it for money. Then we spend less money than we make,” Max said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3064
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3947
msgid ""
"He is right. Cards Against Humanity is a simple party game, modeled after "
"the game Apples to Apples. To play, one player asks a question or "
"fill-in-the-blank statement from a black card, and the other players submit "
-"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
-"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
+"their funniest white card in response. The catch is that all of the cards "
+"are filled with crude, gruesome, and otherwise awful things. For the right "
"kind of people (“horrible people,” according to Cards Against Humanity "
"advertising), this makes for a hilarious and fun game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3070
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3957
msgid ""
"The revenue model is simple. Physical copies of the game are sold for a "
"profit. And it works. At the time of this writing, Cards Against Humanity is "
"and international editions as well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3075
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3965
msgid ""
"But Cards Against Humanity is also available for free. Anyone can download a "
"digital version of the game on the Cards Against Humanity website. More than "
"the numbers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3081
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3971
msgid ""
"The game is available under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-NC-SA). That means, in addition to copying the game, anyone can "
"new game unto itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3086
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3979
msgid ""
"All together, these factors—the crass tone of the game and company, the free "
"download, the openness to fans remixing the game—give the game a massive "
"cult following."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3097
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3984
msgid ""
"Their success is not the result of a grand plan. Instead, Cards Against "
"Humanity was the last in a long line of games and comedy projects that Max "
"Eve because they were too nerdy to be invited to other parties. The game was "
"a hit, so they decided to put it up online as a free PDF. People started "
"asking if they could pay to have the game printed for them, and eventually "
-"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their "
-"Kickstarter goal at \\$4,000—and raised \\$15,000. The game was officially "
+"they decided to run a Kickstarter to fund the printing. They set their "
+"Kickstarter goal at $4,000—and raised $15,000. The game was officially "
"released in May 2011."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3101
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:3997
msgid ""
"The game caught on quickly, and it has only grown more popular over "
"time. Max says the eight founders never had a meeting where they decided to "
"make it an ongoing business. “It kind of just happened,” he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3106
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4003
msgid ""
"But this tale of a “happy accident” belies marketing genius. Just like the "
-"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
+"game, the Cards Against Humanity brand is irreverent and memorable. It is "
"hard to forget a company that calls the FAQ on their website “Your dumb "
"questions.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3118
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4009
msgid ""
"Like most quality satire, however, there is more to the joke than vulgarity "
"and shock value. The company’s marketing efforts around Black Friday "
"illustrate this particularly well. For those outside the United States, "
"Black Friday is the term for the day after the Thanksgiving holiday, the "
"biggest shopping day of the year. It is an incredibly important day for "
-"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they "
+"Cards Against Humanity, like it is for all U.S. retailers. Max said they "
"struggled with what to do on Black Friday because they didn’t want to "
"support what he called the “orgy of consumerism” the day has become, "
"particularly since it follows a day that is about being grateful for what "
-"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything "
-"Costs \\$5 More sale."
+"you have. In 2013, after deliberating, they decided to have an Everything "
+"Costs $5 More sale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3122
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4023
msgid ""
"“We sweated it out the night before Black Friday, wondering if our fans were "
"going to hate us for it,” he said. “But it made us laugh so we went with "
"it. People totally caught the joke.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3127
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4028
msgid ""
"This sort of bold transparency delights the media, but more importantly, it "
"engages their fans. “One of the most surprising things you can do in "
"there is transparency about what you are doing.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3134
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4035
msgid ""
"Max also likened it to a grand improv scene. “If we do something a little "
"subversive and unexpected, the public wants to be a part of the joke.” One "
-"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity \\$5 event, where people "
-"literally paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make "
-"the joke funnier by making it successful. They made \\$70,000 in a single "
-"day."
+"year they did a Give Cards Against Humanity $5 event, where people literally "
+"paid them five dollars for no reason. Their fans wanted to make the joke "
+"funnier by making it successful. They made $70,000 in a single day."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3145
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4043
msgid ""
"This remarkable trust they have in their customers is what inspired their "
"decision to apply a Creative Commons license to the game. Trusting your "
-"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards "
+"customers to reuse and remix your work requires a leap of faith. Cards "
"Against Humanity obviously isn’t afraid of doing the unexpected, but there "
"are lines even they do not want to cross. Before applying the license, Max "
"said they worried that some fans would adapt the game to include all of the "
"jokes they intentionally never made because they crossed that line. “It "
-"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost "
-"of using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many "
+"happened, and the world didn’t end,” Max said. “If that is the worst cost of "
+"using CC, I’d pay that a hundred times over because there are so many "
"benefits.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3152
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4056
msgid ""
"Any successful product inspires its biggest fans to create remixes of it, "
-"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
+"but unsanctioned adaptations are more likely to fly under the radar. The "
"Creative Commons license gives fans of Cards Against Humanity the freedom to "
"run with the game and copy, adapt, and promote their creations openly. Today "
"there are thousands of fan expansions of the game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3157
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4064
msgid ""
"Max said, “CC was a no-brainer for us because it gets the most people "
"involved. Making the game free and available under a CC license led to the "
"world, and we have never spent a dime on marketing.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3168
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4071
msgid ""
"Of course, there are limits to what the company allows its customers to do "
"with the game. They chose the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license "
-"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also "
+"because it restricts people from using the game to make money. It also "
"requires that adaptations of the game be made available under the same "
"licensing terms if they are shared publicly. Cards Against Humanity also "
"polices its brand. “We feel like we’re the only ones who can use our brand "
-"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the "
+"and our game and make money off of it,” Max said. About 99.9 percent of the "
"time, they just send an email to those making commercial use of the game, "
"and that is the end of it. There have only been a handful of instances where "
"they had to get a lawyer involved."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3176
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4085
msgid ""
"Just as there is more than meets the eye to the Cards Against Humanity "
-"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
+"business model, the same can be said of the game itself. To be playable, "
"every white card has to work syntactically with enough black cards. The "
"eight creators invest an incredible amount of work into creating new cards "
-"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The "
+"for the game. “We have daylong arguments about commas,” Max said. “The "
"slacker tone of the cards gives people the impression that it is easy to "
"write them, but it is actually a lot of work and quibbling.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3185
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4095
msgid ""
"That means cocreation with their fans really doesn’t work. The company has a "
"submission mechanism on their website, and they get thousands of "
-"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, "
+"suggestions, but it is very rare that a submitted card is adopted. Instead, "
"the eight initial creators remain the primary authors of expansion decks and "
-"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity "
-"of their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their "
+"other new products released by the company. Interestingly, the creativity of "
+"their customer base is really only an asset to the company once their "
"original work is created and published when people make their own "
"adaptations of the game."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3191
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4106
msgid ""
"For all of their success, the creators of Cards Against Humanity are only "
"partially motivated by money. Max says they have always been interested in "
"said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3198
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4113
msgid ""
-"In fact, the company has given more than \\$4 million to various charities "
-"and causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other "
-"interests and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our "
-"lives. A lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from "
-"the rest of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game "
-"into it.”"
+"In fact, the company has given more than $4 million to various charities and "
+"causes. “Cards is not our life plan,” Max said. “We all have other interests "
+"and hobbies. We are passionate about other things going on in our lives. A "
+"lot of the activism we have done comes out of us taking things from the rest "
+"of our lives and channeling some of the excitement from the game into it.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3204
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4121
msgid ""
"Seeing money as fuel rather than the ultimate goal is what has enabled them "
"to embrace Creative Commons licensing without reservation. CC licensing "
"opportunities to extract more money from customers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3209
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4129
msgid ""
"“It’s not right for everyone to release everything under CC licensing,” Max "
"said. “If your only goal is to make a lot of money, then CC is not best "
"who you are and why you’re making things.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3211
-msgid "## The Conversation"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4137
+msgid "The Conversation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4140
msgid ""
"The Conversation is an independent source of news, sourced from the academic "
"and research community and delivered direct to the public over the "
"Internet. Founded in 2011 in Australia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3217
-msgid "theconversation.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4145
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3220
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4147
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging content creators (universities pay membership fees "
-"to have their faculties serve as writers), grant funding"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
+"creators (universities pay membership fees to have their faculties serve as "
+"writers), grant funding"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3224
-msgid "Interviewee: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4154
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Andrew Jaspan, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3234
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4162
msgid ""
"Andrew Jaspan spent years as an editor of major newspapers including the "
"Observer in London, the Sunday Herald in Glasgow, and the Age in Melbourne, "
"model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3240
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4172
msgid ""
"Around the time he left his job as editor of the Melbourne Age, Andrew "
"wondered where citizens would get news grounded in fact and evidence rather "
"focus on the sensational and sexy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3258
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4179
msgid ""
"While at the Age, he’d become friends with a vice-chancellor of a university "
"in Melbourne who encouraged him to talk to smart people across campus—an "
"the wider public."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3269
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4200
msgid ""
"Andrew believed he could to help connect academics back into the public "
"arena, and maybe help society find solutions to big problems. He thought "
"about pairing professional editors with university and research experts, "
"working one-on-one to refine everything from story structure to headline, "
-"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is academic "
-"into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
+"captions, and quotes. The editors could help turn something that is "
+"academic into something understandable and readable. And this would be a key "
"difference from traditional journalism—the subject matter expert would get a "
"chance to check the article and give final approval before it is "
"published. Compare this with reporters just picking and choosing the quotes "
"and writing whatever they want."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3280
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4213
msgid ""
"The people he spoke to liked this idea, and Andrew embarked on raising money "
"and support with the help of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial "
"in the Conversation is openly licensed with Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3289
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4226
msgid ""
"The Conversation is founded on the belief that underpinning a functioning "
"democracy is access to independent, high-quality, informative "
"information."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3302
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4239
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theconversation.com/us/charter\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4237
msgid ""
"Andrew worked hard to reinvent a methodology for creating reliable, credible "
"content. He introduced strict new working practices, a charter, and codes of "
-"conduct.1 These include fully disclosing who every author is (with their "
-"relevant expertise); who is funding their research; and if there are any "
-"potential or real conflicts of interest. Also important is where the content "
-"originates, and even though it comes from the university and research "
-"community, it still needs to be fully disclosed. The Conversation does not "
-"sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes access to information is an issue of "
-"equality—everyone should have access, like access to clean water. The "
-"Conversation is committed to an open and free Internet. Everyone should have "
-"free access to their content, and be able to share it or republish it."
+"conduct.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> These include fully "
+"disclosing who every author is (with their relevant expertise); who is "
+"funding their research; and if there are any potential or real conflicts of "
+"interest. Also important is where the content originates, and even though it "
+"comes from the university and research community, it still needs to be fully "
+"disclosed. The Conversation does not sit behind a paywall. Andrew believes "
+"access to information is an issue of equality—everyone should have access, "
+"like access to clean water. The Conversation is committed to an open and "
+"free Internet. Everyone should have free access to their content, and be "
+"able to share it or republish it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3313
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4252
msgid ""
"Creative Commons help with these goals; articles are published with the "
"Attribution- NoDerivs license (CC BY-ND). They’re freely available for "
"to everything the Conversation does."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3320
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4264
msgid ""
"When readers come across the Conversation, they seem to like what they find "
-"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has grown "
-"primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and marketing, "
-"they do promote their work through social media (including Twitter and "
-"Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
+"and recommend it to their friends, peers, and networks. Readership has "
+"grown primarily through word of mouth. While they don’t have sales and "
+"marketing, they do promote their work through social media (including "
+"Twitter and Facebook), and by being an accredited supplier to Google News."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3328
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4272
msgid ""
"It’s usual for the founders of any company to ask themselves what kind of "
"company it should be. It quickly became clear to the founders of the "
"this model. It takes no advertising and is a not-for-profit venture."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3337
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4281
msgid ""
"There are now different editions of the Conversation for Africa, the United "
"Kingdom, France, and the United States, in addition to the one for "
"working with university scholars from even more parts of the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3344
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4291
msgid ""
"Additionally, each edition has its own set of founding partners, strategic "
"partners, and funders. They’ve received funding from foundations, "
"improve coverage and features."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3350
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4300
msgid ""
"When professors from member universities write an article, there is some "
"branding of the university associated with the article. On the Conversation "
"the editorial advisory board."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3358
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4307
msgid ""
"Academics are not paid for their contributions, but they get free editing "
-"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
+"from a professional (four to five hours per piece, on average). They also "
"get access to a large audience. Every author and member university has "
"access to a special analytics dashboard where they can check the reach of an "
"article. The metrics include what people are tweeting, the comments, "
"and the number of readers per article."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3364
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4317
msgid ""
"The Conversation plans to expand the dashboard to show not just reach but "
"impact. This tracks activities, behaviors, and events that occurred as a "
"submit a journal paper, and consult a company on a topic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3368
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4325
msgid ""
-"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
+"These reach and impact metrics show the benefits of membership. With the "
"Conversation, universities can engage with the public and show why they’re "
"of value."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3374
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4330
msgid ""
"With its tagline, “Academic Rigor, Journalistic Flair,” the Conversation "
"represents a new form of journalism that contributes to a more informed "
"good and operational revenue at the same time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3376 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4485 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5764 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7409
-msgid "Web link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3378
-msgid "theconversation.com/us/charter"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3380
-msgid "## Cory Doctorow"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4339
+msgid "Cory Doctorow"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3383
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4342
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and "
"journalist. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3385
-msgid "craphound.com and boingboing.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4345
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://craphound.com\"/> and <ulink "
+"url=\"http://boingboing.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3388
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4348
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for physical copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, "
-"selling translation rights to books"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (book sales), pay-what-you-want, selling translation rights to books"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3390
-msgid "Interview date: January 12, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4352
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 12, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3399
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4360
msgid ""
"Cory Doctorow hates the term “business model,” and he is adamant that he is "
"not a brand. “To me, branding is the idea that you can take a thing that has "
"important thing I know how to do.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3403
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4369
msgid ""
"Cory calls himself an entrepreneur. He likes to say his success came from "
"making stuff people happened to like and then getting out of the way of them "
"sharing it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3412
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4374
msgid ""
"He is a science fiction writer, activist, blogger, and journalist. "
"Beginning with his first novel, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom, in 2003, "
"age."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3416
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4385
msgid ""
"Cory primarily makes money by selling physical books, but he also takes on "
"paid speaking gigs and is experimenting with pay-what-you-want models for "
"his work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3431
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4390
msgid ""
"While Cory’s extensive body of fiction work has a large following, he is "
"just as well known for his activism. He is an outspoken opponent of "
"lock up content because he thinks both undermine creators and the public "
"interest. He is currently a special adviser at the Electronic Frontier "
"Foundation, where he is involved in a lawsuit challenging the U.S. law that "
-"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, "
+"protects DRM. Cory says his political work doesn’t directly make him money, "
"but if he gave it up, he thinks he would lose credibility and, more "
"importantly, lose the drive that propels him to create. “My political work "
"is a different expression of the same artistic-political urge,” he said. “I "
"people to like what I do would be gone.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3442
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4407
msgid ""
"Cory has been financially successful, but money is not his primary "
"motivation. At the start of his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, he "
"stresses how important it is not to become an artist if your goal is to get "
"rich. “Entering the arts because you want to get rich is like buying lottery "
"tickets because you want to get rich,” he wrote. “It might work, but it "
-"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the lottery.” "
-"He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but he says he "
-"would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he wrote. “Long "
-"before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing to keep "
-"myself sane.”"
+"almost certainly won’t. Though, of course, someone always wins the "
+"lottery.” He acknowledges that he is one of the lucky few to “make it,” but "
+"he says he would be writing no matter what. “I am compelled to write,” he "
+"wrote. “Long before I wrote to keep myself fed and sheltered, I was writing "
+"to keep myself sane.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3450
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4420
msgid ""
"Just as money is not his primary motivation to create, money is not his "
"primary motivation to share. For Cory, sharing his work with Creative "
"symbolizes his worldview."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3458
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4430
msgid ""
"He also feels like there is a solid commercial basis for licensing his work "
"with Creative Commons. While he acknowledges he hasn’t been able to do a "
"thieves,” he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3469
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4440
msgid ""
-"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
+"Cory started using CC licenses soon after they were first created. At the "
"time his first novel came out, he says the science fiction genre was overrun "
-"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and "
+"with people scanning and downloading books without permission. When he and "
"his publisher took a closer look at who was doing that sort of thing online, "
"they realized it looked a lot like book promotion. “I knew there was a "
"relationship between having enthusiastic readers and having a successful "
"and give them the book for free in a format destined to spread.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3475
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4453
msgid ""
"Cory admits the stakes were pretty low for him when he first adopted "
"Creative Commons licenses. He only had to sell two thousand copies of his "
"can only do it because he is an established author."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3482
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4461
msgid ""
"The bottom line, Cory says, is that no one has found a way to prevent people "
"from copying the stuff they like. Rather than fighting the tide, Cory makes "
-"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for "
+"his work intrinsically shareable. “Getting the hell out of the way for "
"people who want to share their love of you with other people sounds obvious, "
"but it’s remarkable how many people don’t do it,” he said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3495
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4469
msgid ""
"Making his work available under Creative Commons licenses enables him to "
"view his biggest fans as his ambassadors. “Being open to fan activity makes "
"interact with it,” he said. Cory’s own website routinely highlights cool "
"things his audience has done with his work. Unlike corporations like Disney "
"that tend to have a hands-off relationship with their fan activity, he has a "
-"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience "
-"can’t guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being "
-"able to remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the "
-"creative industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is "
-"pretty slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”"
+"symbiotic relationship with his audience. “Engaging with your audience can’t "
+"guarantee you success,” he said. “And Disney is an example of being able to "
+"remain aloof and still being the most successful company in the creative "
+"industry in history. But I figure my likelihood of being Disney is pretty "
+"slim, so I should take all the help I can get.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3508
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4484
msgid ""
"His first book was published under the most restrictive Creative Commons "
-"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
+"license, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND). It allows only "
"verbatim copying for noncommercial purposes. His later work is published "
"under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA), which "
"gives people the right to adapt his work for noncommercial purposes but only "
"are fan translations already available for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3520
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4499
msgid ""
"In his book Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free, Cory likens his philosophy "
"to thinking like a dandelion. Dandelions produce thousands of seeds each "
"there who may want to buy creative work or compensate authors for it in some "
"other way. “The more places your work can find itself, the greater the "
"likelihood that it will find one of those would-be customers in some "
-"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that "
+"unsuspected crack in the metaphorical pavement,” he wrote. “The copies that "
"others make of my work cost me nothing, and present the possibility that "
"I’ll get something.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4513
msgid ""
"Applying a CC license to his work increases the chances it will be shared "
"more widely around the Web. He avoids DRM—and openly opposes the "
"practice—for similar reasons. DRM has the effect of tying a work to a "
"particular platform. This digital lock, in turn, strips the authors of "
-"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
+"control over their own work and hands that control over to the platform. He "
"calls it Cory’s First Law: “Anytime someone puts a lock on something that "
"belongs to you and won’t give you the key, that lock isn’t there for your "
"benefit.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3538
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4523
msgid ""
"Cory operates under the premise that artists benefit when there are more, "
"rather than fewer, places where people can access their work. The Internet "
-"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one "
+"has opened up those avenues, but DRM is designed to limit them. “On the one "
"hand, we can credibly make our work available to a widely dispersed "
"audience,” he said. “On the other hand, the intermediaries we historically "
"sold to are making it harder to go around them.” Cory continually looks for "
"try to take control over his work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3547
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4534
msgid ""
"Cory says his e-book sales have been lower than those of his competitors, "
"and he attributes some of that to the CC license making the work available "
"soon."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3556
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4545
msgid ""
"Fans are particularly willing to pay when they feel personally connected to "
"the artist. Cory works hard to create that personal connection. One way he "
-"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you "
-"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality "
+"does this is by personally answering every single email he gets. “If you "
+"look at the history of artists, most die in penury,” he said. “That reality "
"means that for artists, we have to find ways to support ourselves when "
-"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your "
+"public tastes shift, when copyright stops producing. Future-proofing your "
"artistic career in many ways means figuring out how to stay connected to "
"those people who have been touched by your work.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4556
msgid ""
"Cory’s realism about the difficulty of making a living in the arts does not "
"reflect pessimism about the Internet age. Instead, he says the fact that it "
"into other people’s hands and minds.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3564
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4564
msgid "It has never been easier to think like a dandelion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3566
-msgid "## Figshare"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4568
+msgid "Figshare"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3571
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4571
msgid ""
"Figshare is a for-profit company offering an online repository where "
"researchers can preserve and share the output of their research, including "
-"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
+"figures, data sets, images, and videos. Founded in 2011 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3573
-msgid "figshare.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4577
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3575
-msgid "Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4579
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
+"services to creators"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3577
-msgid "Interview date: January 28, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4582
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 28, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3579
-msgid "Interviewee: Mark Hahnel, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4585
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Hahnel, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3590
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4593
msgid ""
"Figshare’s mission is to change the face of academic publishing through "
"improved dissemination, discoverability, and reusability of scholarly "
"research. Figshare is a repository where users can make all the output of "
"their research available—from posters and presentations to data sets and "
"code—in a way that’s easy to discover, cite, and share. Users can upload any "
-"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
+"file format, which can then be previewed in a Web browser. Research output "
"is disseminated in a way that the current scholarly-publishing model does "
"not allow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3594
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4604
msgid ""
"Figshare founder Mark Hahnel often gets asked: How do you make money? How do "
"we know you’ll be here in five years? Can you, as a for-profit venture, be "
"trusted? Answers have evolved over time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3602
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4609
msgid ""
"Mark traces the origins of Figshare back to when he was a graduate student "
"getting his PhD in stem cell biology. His research involved working with "
"complete research would lead to more citations and be better for his career."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3608
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4618
msgid ""
"Mark does not consider himself an advanced software programmer. "
"Fortunately, things like cloud-based computing and wikis had become "
"online and share it with anyone. So he began working on a solution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3612
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4625
msgid ""
"There were two key needs: licenses to make the data citable, and persistent "
"identifiers— URL links that always point back to the original object "
"ensuring the research is citable for the long term."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3619
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4631
msgid ""
"Mark chose Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to meet the need for a "
"persistent identifier. In the DOI system, an object’s metadata is stored as "
"for the provision of DOIs for research data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3625
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4640
msgid ""
"As for licenses, Mark chose Creative Commons. The open-access and "
"open-science communities were already using and recommending Creative "
"and CC BY (Attribution) for figures, videos, and data sets."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3630
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4648
msgid ""
-"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
+"So Mark began using DOIs and Creative Commons for his own research work. He "
"had a science blog where he wrote about it and made all his data "
"open. People started commenting on his blog that they wanted to do the "
"same. So he opened it up for them to use, too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3637
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4654
msgid ""
"People liked the interface and simple upload process. People started asking "
-"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
+"if they could also share theses, grant proposals, and code. Inclusion of "
"code raised new licensing issues, as Creative Commons licenses are not used "
"for software. To allow the sharing of software code, Mark chose the MIT "
"license, but GNU and Apache licenses can also be used."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3643
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4662
msgid ""
"Mark sought investment to make this into a scalable product. After a few "
"unsuccessful funding pitches, UK-based Digital Science expressed interest "
-"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial "
+"but insisted on a more viable business model. They made an initial "
"investment, and together they came up with a freemium-like business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3653
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4669
msgid ""
"Under the freemium model, academics upload their research to Figshare for "
"storage and sharing for free. Each research object is licensed with Creative "
"it. You get credit. We just make sure it persists.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4680
msgid ""
"In January 2012, Figshare was launched. (The fig in Figshare stands for "
"figures.) Using investment funds, Mark made significant improvements to "
"functionality for them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3673
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4690
msgid ""
"Figshare diversified its business model to include services for "
"journals. Figshare began hosting large amounts of data for the journals’ "
"to develop this functionality as part of their own "
"infrastructure. Figshare-hosted data also provides a link back to the "
"article, generating additional click-through and readership—a benefit to "
-"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides research-data "
-"infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including Wiley, Springer "
-"Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has convinced them "
-"to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
+"both journal publishers and researchers. Figshare now provides "
+"research-data infrastructure for a wide variety of publishers including "
+"Wiley, Springer Nature, PLOS, and Taylor and Francis, to name a few, and has "
+"convinced them to use Creative Commons licenses for the data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3681
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4704
msgid ""
"Governments allocate significant public funds to research. In parallel with "
"the launch of Figshare, governments around the world began requesting the "
-"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers "
+"research they fund be open and accessible. They mandated that researchers "
"and academic institutions better manage and disseminate their research "
"outputs. Institutions looking to comply with this new mandate became "
"interested in Figshare. Figshare once again diversified its business model, "
"adding services for institutions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3689
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4714
msgid ""
"Figshare now offers a range of fee-based services to institutions, including "
"their own minibranded Figshare space (called Figshare for Institutions) that "
"securely hosts research data of institutions in the cloud. Services include "
"not just hosting but data metrics, data dissemination, and user-group "
-"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for "
+"administration. Figshare’s workflow, and the services they offer for "
"institutions, take into account the needs of librarians and administrators, "
"as well as of the researchers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3700
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4724
msgid ""
"As with researchers and publishers, Fig-share encouraged institutions to "
"share their research with CC BY (Attribution) and their data with CC0 (into "
"the public domain). Funders who require researchers and institutions to use "
"open licensing believe in the social responsibilities and benefits of making "
-"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come "
-"to be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some "
-"institutions want to offer their researchers a choice, including less "
-"permissive licenses like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA "
+"research accessible to all. Publishing research in this open way has come to "
+"be called open access. But not all funders specify CC BY; some institutions "
+"want to offer their researchers a choice, including less permissive licenses "
+"like CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial), CC BY-SA "
"(Attribution-ShareAlike), or CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivs)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3708
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4737
msgid ""
"For Mark this created a conflict. On the one hand, the principles and "
"benefits of open science are at the heart of Figshare, and Mark believes CC "
"negative repercussions, he decided to follow suit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3715
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4747
msgid ""
"Mark is thinking of doing a Figshare study that tracks research "
"dissemination according to Creative Commons license, and gathering metrics "
"license of choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3724
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4760
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://figshare.com/articles/Journal_subscription_costs_FOIs_to_UK_universities/1186832\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4763
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://retr0.shinyapps.io/journal_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4755
msgid ""
"Figshare has an Application Programming Interface (API) that makes it "
"possible for data to be pulled from Figshare and used in other "
"applications. As an example, Mark shared a Figshare data set showing the "
"journal subscriptions that higher-education institutions in the United "
-"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.1 Figshare’s API enables that data to "
-"be pulled into an app developed by a completely different researcher that "
-"converts the data into a visually interesting graph, which any viewer can "
-"alter by changing any of the variables.2"
+"Kingdom paid to ten major publishers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> Figshare’s API enables that data to be pulled into an app "
+"developed by a completely different researcher that converts the data into a "
+"visually interesting graph, which any viewer can alter by changing any of "
+"the variables.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4766
msgid ""
"The free version of Figshare has built a community of academics, who through "
"word of mouth and presentations have promoted and spread awareness of "
"of using Creative Commons licenses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3744
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4781
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figshare.com/features\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4777
msgid ""
"Mark says his success is partly about being in the right place at the right "
"time. He also believes that the diversification of Figshare’s model over "
"time has been key to success. Figshare now offers a comprehensive set of "
-"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.3 If he had relied "
-"solely on revenue from premium subscriptions, he believes Figshare would "
-"have struggled. In Figshare’s early days, their primary users were "
-"early-career and late-career academics. It has only been because funders "
-"mandated open licensing that Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
+"services to researchers, publishers, and institutions.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> If he had relied solely on revenue from premium "
+"subscriptions, he believes Figshare would have struggled. In Figshare’s "
+"early days, their primary users were early-career and late-career "
+"academics. It has only been because funders mandated open licensing that "
+"Figshare is now being used by the mainstream."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3751
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4788
msgid ""
"Today Figshare has 26 million–plus page views, 7.5 million–plus downloads, "
"800,000–plus user uploads, 2 million–plus articles, 500,000-plus "
"others, including Wikipedia and news sources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3763
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4796
msgid ""
"Figshare uses the revenue it generates from the premium subscribers, journal "
"publishers, and institutions to fund and expand what it can offer to "
"discoveries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
-msgid "figshare.com/articles/Journal\\_subscription\\_costs\\_FOIs\\_to\\_UK\\_universities/1186832"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
-msgid "retr0.shinyapps.io/journal\\_costs/?year=2014&inst=19,22,38,42,59,64,80,95,136"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3769
-msgid "figshare.com/features"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3771
-msgid "## Figure.NZ"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4811
+msgid "Figure.NZ"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3775
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4814
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ is a nonprofit charity that makes an online data platform designed "
-"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
+"to make data reusable and easy to understand. Founded in 2012 in New "
"Zealand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3777
-msgid "figure.nz"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4819
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3780
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4821
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: platform providing paid services to creators, donations, "
-"sponsorships"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: platform providing paid "
+"services to creators, donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3782
-msgid "Interview date: May 3, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4824
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: May 3, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3784
-msgid "Interviewee: Lillian Grace, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4826
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lillian Grace, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3803
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4834
msgid ""
"In the paper Harnessing the Economic and Social Power of Data presented at "
"the New Zealand Data Futures Forum in 2014,1 Figure.NZ founder Lillian Grace "
"said there are thousands of valuable and relevant data sets freely available "
-"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
+"to us right now, but most people don’t use them. She used to think this "
"meant people didn’t care about being informed, but she’s come to see that "
"she was wrong. Almost everyone wants to be informed about issues that "
"matter—not only to them, but also to their families, their communities, "
"to make data truly accessible to all, with a specific focus on New Zealand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3812
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4854
msgid ""
"Lillian had the idea for Figure.NZ in February 2012 while working for the "
"New Zealand Institute, a think tank concerned with improving economic "
"research that you often have to pay for."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3824
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4865
msgid ""
"Lillian began to imagine a website that lifted data up to a visual form that "
-"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
+"could be easily understood and freely accessed. Initially launched as Wiki "
"New Zealand, the original idea was that people could contribute their data "
-"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used "
+"and visuals via a wiki. However, few people had graphs that could be used "
"and shared, and there were no standards or consistency around the data and "
"the visuals. Realizing the wiki model wasn’t working, Lillian brought the "
"process of data aggregation, curation, and visual presentation in-house, and "
"those wanting to open their data and present it visually."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3839
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4879
msgid ""
"Here’s how it works. Figure.NZ sources data from other organizations, "
"including corporations, public repositories, government departments, and "
"and data types. Figure.NZ has a chart-designing tool that makes simple bar, "
"line, and area graphs from any data source. The graphs are posted to the "
"Figure.NZ website, and they can also be exported in a variety of formats for "
-"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using the "
-"Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, "
+"print or online use. Figure.NZ makes its data and graphs available using "
+"the Attribution (CC BY) license. This allows others to reuse, revise, remix, "
"and redistribute Figure.NZ data and graphs as long as they give attribution "
"to the original source and to Figure.NZ."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3853
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4905
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4896
msgid ""
"Lillian characterizes the initial decision to use Creative Commons as "
-"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
+"naively fortunate. It was first recommended to her by a colleague. Lillian "
"spent time looking at what Creative Commons offered and thought it looked "
"good, was clear, and made common sense. It was easy to use and easy for "
"others to understand. Over time, she’s come to realize just how fortunate "
"and important that decision turned out to be. New Zealand’s government has "
"an open-access and licensing framework called NZGOAL, which provides "
"guidance for agencies when they release copyrighted and noncopyrighted work "
-"and material.2 It aims to standardize the licensing of works with government "
-"copyright and how they can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons "
-"licenses. As a result, 98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative "
-"Commons licensed, fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
+"and material.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It aims to "
+"standardize the licensing of works with government copyright and how they "
+"can be reused, and it does this with Creative Commons licenses. As a result, "
+"98 percent of all government-agency data is Creative Commons licensed, "
+"fitting in nicely with Figure.NZ’s decision."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3864
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4912
msgid ""
"Lillian thinks current ideas of what a business is are relatively new, only "
"a hundred years old or so. She’s convinced that twenty years from now, we "
-"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a "
+"will see new and different models for business. Figure.NZ is set up as a "
"nonprofit charity. It is purpose-driven but also strives to pay people well "
-"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an "
+"and thinks like a business. Lillian sees the charity-nonprofit status as an "
"essential element for the mission and purpose of Figure.NZ. She believes "
"Wikipedia would not work if it were for profit, and similarly, Figure.NZ’s "
"nonprofit status assures people who have data and people who want to use it "
"wrangler and source."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3881
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4925
msgid ""
"Although Figure.NZ is a social enterprise that openly licenses their data "
"and graphs for everyone to use for free, they have taken care not to be "
"perceived as a free service all around the table. Lillian believes hundreds "
"of millions of dollars are spent by the government and organizations to "
"collect data. However, very little money is spent on taking that data and "
-"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision "
-"making. Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes "
-"that it is underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ "
-"is focused on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money "
-"allocated to collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful "
-"and generates value. If the government wants citizens to understand why "
-"certain decisions are being made and to be more aware about what the "
-"government is doing, why not transform the data it collects into easily "
-"understood visuals? It could even become a way for a government or any "
-"organization to differentiate, market, and brand itself."
+"making it accessible, understandable, and useful for decision making. "
+"Government uses some of the data for policy, but Lillian believes that it is "
+"underutilized and the potential value is much larger. Figure.NZ is focused "
+"on solving that problem. They believe a portion of money allocated to "
+"collecting data should go into making sure that data is useful and generates "
+"value. If the government wants citizens to understand why certain decisions "
+"are being made and to be more aware about what the government is doing, why "
+"not transform the data it collects into easily understood visuals? It could "
+"even become a way for a government or any organization to differentiate, "
+"market, and brand itself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3886
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4944
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ spends a lot of time seeking to understand the motivations of data "
-"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
+"collectors and to identify the channels where it can provide value. Every "
"part of their business model has been focused on who is going to get value "
"from the data and visuals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3899
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4950
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has multiple lines of business. They provide commercial services "
"to organizations that want their data publicly available and want to use "
"they can. Customers are encouraged to help their users find, use, and make "
"things from the data they make available on Figure.NZ’s website. Customers "
"control what is released and the license terms (although Figure.NZ "
-"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who "
+"encourages Creative Commons licensing). Figure.NZ also serves customers who "
"want a specific collection of charts created—for example, for their website "
"or annual report. Charging the organizations that want to make their data "
"available enables Figure.NZ to provide their site free to all users, to "
"truly democratize data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3910
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4966
msgid ""
"Lillian notes that the current state of most data is terrible and often not "
"well understood by the people who have it. This sometimes makes it difficult "
"never been done before."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3916
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4984
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/business/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4979
msgid ""
"A second line of business is what Figure.NZ calls partners. ASB Bank and "
"Statistics New Zealand are partners who back Figure.NZ’s efforts. As one "
"example, with their support Figure.NZ has been able to create Business "
"Figures, a special way for businesses to find useful data without having to "
-"know what questions to ask.3"
+"know what questions to ask.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3920
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://figure.nz/patrons/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4987
msgid ""
-"Figure.NZ also has patrons.4 Patrons donate to topic areas they care about, "
-"directly enabling Figure.NZ to get data together to flesh out those "
-"areas. Patrons do not direct what data is included or excluded."
+"Figure.NZ also has patrons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Patrons "
+"donate to topic areas they care about, directly enabling Figure.NZ to get "
+"data together to flesh out those areas. Patrons do not direct what data is "
+"included or excluded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3925
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4993
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ also accepts philanthropic donations, which are used to provide "
"more content, extend technology, and improve services, or are targeted to "
-"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations "
+"fund a specific effort or provide in-kind support. As a charity, donations "
"are tax deductible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3935
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:4999
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ has morphed and grown over time. With data aggregation, curation, "
"and visualizing services all in-house, Figure.NZ has developed a deep "
"external relationships."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5011
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ’s website displays visuals and data associated with a wide range "
"of categories including crime, economy, education, employment, energy, "
"environment, health, information and communications technology, industry, "
"tourism, and many others. A search function helps users find tables and "
"graphs. Figure.NZ does not provide analysis or interpretation of the data or "
-"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for "
-"them. Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
+"visuals. Their goal is to teach people how to think, not think for them. "
+"Figure.NZ wants to create intuitive experiences, not user manuals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3956
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5021
msgid ""
"Figure.NZ believes data and visuals should be useful. They provide their "
"customers with a data collection template and teach them why it’s important "
"interested in."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3964
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5035
msgid ""
"Lillian has a deep and profound vision for Figure.NZ that goes well beyond "
"simply providing open-data services. She says things are different now. “We "
"behalf of others, whether it was on behalf of a country or companies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3968
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5044
msgid ""
"“But now we live in a world where it’s really easy to share information "
"widely and also to communicate widely. In the world we live in now, the best "
"future is the one where everyone can make well-informed decisions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3972
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5050
msgid ""
"“The use of numbers and data as a way of making well-informed decisions is "
"one of the areas where there is the biggest gaps. We don’t really use "
"numbers as a part of our thinking and part of our understanding yet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3982
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5056
msgid ""
-"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
+"“Part of the reason is the way data is spread across hundreds of sites. In "
"addition, for the most part, deep thinking based on data is constrained to "
-"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time "
+"experts because most people don’t have data literacy. There once was a time "
"when many citizens in society couldn’t read or write. However, as a society, "
"we’ve now come to believe that reading and writing skills should be "
"something all citizens have. We haven’t yet adopted a similar belief around "
"specially trained people can analyze and think with numbers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3988
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5067
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ may be the first organization to assert that everyone can use "
"numbers in their thinking, and it’s built a technological platform along "
"can see on Figure.NZ are tens of thousands of graphs, maps, and data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:3996
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5074
msgid ""
"“Figure.NZ sees this as a new kind of alphabet that can help people analyze "
"what they see around them. A way to be thoughtful and informed about "
"society. A means of engaging in conversation and shaping decision making "
-"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
+"that transcends personal experience. The long-term value and impact is "
"almost impossible to measure, but the goal is to help citizens gain "
"understanding and work together in more informed ways to shape the future.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4003
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5083
msgid ""
"Lillian sees Figure.NZ’s model as having global potential. But for now, "
"their focus is completely on making Figure.NZ work in New Zealand and to get "
"the network effect possible."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
-msgid "www.nzdatafutures.org.nz/sites/default/files/NZDFF\\_harness-the-power.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
-msgid "www.ict.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/open-government/new-zealand-government-open-access-and-licensing-nzgoal-framework/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
-msgid "figure.nz/business/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4010
-msgid "figure.nz/patrons/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5092
+msgid "Knowledge Unlatched"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4012
-msgid "## Knowledge Unlatched"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4016
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5095
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is a not-for-profit community interest company that "
-"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access books. "
-"Founded in 2012 in the UK."
+"brings libraries together to pool funds to publish open-access "
+"books. Founded in 2012 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4018
-msgid "knowledgeunlatched.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5100
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://knowledgeunlatched.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4020
-msgid "Revenue model: crowdfunding (specialized)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5102
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(specialized)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4022
-msgid "Interview date: February 26, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5105
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4024
-msgid "Interviewee: Frances Pinter, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5108
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Frances Pinter, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4040
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5116
msgid ""
"The serial entrepreneur Dr. Frances Pinter has been at the forefront of "
"innovation in the publishing industry for nearly forty years. She founded "
"humanities and social sciences. Knowledge Unlatched is committed to changing "
"this and has been working with libraries to create a sustainable alternative "
"model for publishing scholarly books, sharing the cost of making monographs "
-"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
+"(released under a Creative Commons license) and savings costs over the long "
"term. Since its launch, Knowledge Unlatched has received several awards, "
"including the IFLA/Brill Open Access award in 2014 and a Curtin University "
"Commercial Innovation Award for Innovation in Education in 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4045
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5132
msgid ""
-"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
+"Dr. Pinter has been in academic publishing most of her career. About ten "
"years ago, she became acquainted with the Creative Commons founder Lawrence "
"Lessig and got interested in Creative Commons as a tool for both protecting "
"content online and distributing it free to users."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4050
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5139
msgid ""
"Not long after, she ran a project in Africa convincing publishers in Uganda "
"and South Africa to put some of their content online for free using a "
"up, not down."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4064
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5145
msgid ""
"In 2008, Bloomsbury Academic, a new imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing in the "
"United Kingdom, appointed her its founding publisher in London. As part of "
"cost for publishers is getting a book to the stage where it can be "
"printed. If everyone read the online book for free, there would be no "
"print-book sales at all, and the costs associated with getting the book to "
-"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
-"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
+"print would be lost. Surprisingly, Bloomsbury found that sales of the print "
+"versions of these books were 10 to 20 percent higher than normal. Frances "
"found it intriguing that the Creative Commons–licensed free online book acts "
"as a marketing vehicle for the print format."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4071
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5162
msgid ""
"Frances began to look at customer interest in the three forms of the book: "
-"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
+"1) the Creative Commons–licensed free online book in PDF form, 2) the "
"printed book, and 3) a digital version of the book on an aggregator platform "
"with enhanced features. She thought of this as the “ice cream model”: the "
"free PDF was vanilla ice cream, the printed book was an ice cream cone, and "
"the enhanced e-book was an ice cream sundae."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4078
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5171
msgid ""
"After a while, Frances had an epiphany—what if there was a way to get "
"libraries to underwrite the costs of making these books up until they’re "
"e-book—the ice cream cone or sundae part of the model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5180
msgid ""
"This idea is similar to the article-processing charge some open-access "
-"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
+"journals charge researchers to cover publishing costs. Frances began to "
"imagine a coalition of libraries paying for the prepress costs—a "
"“book-processing charge”—and providing everyone in the world with an "
"open-access version of the books released under a Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4094
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5188
msgid ""
"This idea really took hold in her mind. She didn’t really have a name for it "
"but began talking about it and making presentations to see if there was "
"enterprises) in 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4097
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5199
msgid ""
"She describes the business model in a paper called Knowledge Unlatched: "
"Toward an Open and Networked Future for Academic Publishing:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5206
msgid ""
"Publishers offer titles for sale reflecting origination costs only via "
"Knowledge Unlatched."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5212
msgid ""
"Individual libraries select titles either as individual titles or as "
"collections (as they do from library suppliers now)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5218
msgid ""
"Their selections are sent to Knowledge Unlatched specifying the titles to be "
"purchased at the stated price(s)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5224
msgid ""
"The price, called a Title Fee (set by publishers and negotiated by Knowledge "
"Unlatched), is paid to publishers to cover the fixed costs of publishing "
"cover the Title Fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5233
msgid ""
"Publishers make the selected titles available Open Access (on a Creative "
"Commons or similar open license) and are then paid the Title Fee which is "
"the total collected from the libraries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '6. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5243
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward_an_Open.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><orderedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5240
msgid ""
"Publishers make print copies, e-Pub, and other digital versions of selected "
"titles available to member libraries at a discount that reflects their "
-"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.1"
+"contribution to the Title Fee and incentivizes membership.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4123
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5248
msgid ""
"The first round of this model resulted in a collection of twenty-eight "
"current titles from thirteen recognized scholarly publishers being "
"unlatched. The target was to have two hundred libraries participate. The "
-"cost of the package per library was capped at \\$1,680, which was an average "
+"cost of the package per library was capped at $1,680, which was an average "
"price of sixty dollars per book, but in the end they had nearly three "
"hundred libraries sharing the costs, and the price per book came in at just "
"under forty-three dollars."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4132
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5259
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5258
msgid ""
"The open-access, Creative Commons versions of these twenty-eight books are "
-"still available online.4 Most books have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC "
-"BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright holder, not the publisher, and negotiate "
-"choice of license as part of the publishing agreement. Frances has found "
-"that most authors want to retain control over the commercial and remix use "
-"of their work. Publishers list the book in their catalogs, and the "
-"noncommercial restriction in the Creative Commons license ensures authors "
-"continue to get royalties on sales of physical copies."
+"still available online.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Most books "
+"have been licensed with CC BY-NC or CC BY-NC-ND. Authors are the copyright "
+"holder, not the publisher, and negotiate choice of license as part of the "
+"publishing agreement. Frances has found that most authors want to retain "
+"control over the commercial and remix use of their work. Publishers list the "
+"book in their catalogs, and the noncommercial restriction in the Creative "
+"Commons license ensures authors continue to get royalties on sales of "
+"physical copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4142
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5269
msgid ""
"There are three cost variables to consider for each round: the overall cost "
"incurred by the publishers, total cost for each library to acquire all the "
"books, and the individual price per book. The fee publishers charge for each "
"title is a fixed charge, and Knowledge Unlatched calculates the total amount "
-"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each "
+"for all the books being unlatched at a time. The cost of an order for each "
"library is capped at a maximum based on a minimum number of libraries "
"participating. If the number of participating libraries exceeds the minimum, "
"then the cost of the order and the price per book go down for each library."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4155
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5281
msgid ""
"The second round, recently completed, unlatched seventy-eight books from "
"twenty-six publishers. For this round, Frances was experimenting with the "
"size and shape of the offerings. Books were being bundled into eight small "
"packages separated by subject (including Anthropology, History, Literature, "
-"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per "
-"package. Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least "
-"six of the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book "
-"was just under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten "
-"months. It started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having "
-"a library task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, "
-"getting the libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, "
-"unlatching."
+"Media and Communications, and Politics), of around ten books per package. "
+"Three hundred libraries around the world have to commit to at least six of "
+"the eight packages to enable unlatching. The average cost per book was just "
+"under fifty dollars. The unlatching process took roughly ten months. It "
+"started with a call to publishers for titles, followed by having a library "
+"task force select the titles, getting authors’ permissions, getting the "
+"libraries to pledge, billing the libraries, and finally, unlatching."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4160
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5296
msgid ""
"The longest part of the whole process is getting libraries to pledge and "
"commit funds. It takes about five months, as library buy-in has to fit "
"within acquisition cycles, budget cycles, and library-committee meetings."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4168
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5302
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched informs and recruits libraries through social media, "
"mailing lists, listservs, and library associations. Of the three hundred "
"more libraries involved."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4172
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5312
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched is scaling up, offering 150 new titles in the second "
"half of 2016. It will also offer backlist titles, and in 2017 will start to "
"make journals open access too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4176
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5317
msgid ""
"Knowledge Unlatched deliberately chose monographs as the initial type of "
"book to unlatch. Monographs are foundational and important, but also "
"problematic to keep going in the standard closed publishing model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4184
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5323
msgid ""
"The cost for the publisher to get to a first digital copy of a monograph is "
-"\\$5,000 to \\$50,000. A good one costs in the \\$10,000 to \\$15,000 "
+"$5,000 to $50,000. A good one costs in the $10,000 to $15,000 "
"range. Monographs typically don’t sell a lot of copies. A publisher who in "
"the past sold three thousand copies now typically sells only three "
"hundred. That makes unlatching monographs a low risk for publishers. For the "
"round, it took one month to get twenty-six."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4193
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5333
msgid ""
"Authors don’t generally make a lot of royalties from monographs. Royalties "
-"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
+"range from zero dollars to 5 to 10 percent of receipts. The value to the "
"author is the awareness it brings to them; when their book is being read, it "
"increases their reputation. Open access through unlatching generates many "
"more downloads and therefore awareness. (On the Knowledge Unlatched website, "
"their experience and the benefits of taking part.)5"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4202
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5343
msgid ""
"Library budgets are constantly being squeezed, partly due to the inflation "
"of journal subscriptions. But even without budget constraints, academic "
"print book, and if they do, they buy it separately from the digital version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4209
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5354
msgid ""
-"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many "
-"of the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
-"anyway, but instead of paying \\$95 for a print copy or \\$150 for a digital "
-"multiple-use copy, they pay \\$50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it "
-"opens the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
+"Knowledge Unlatched offers libraries a compelling economic argument. Many of "
+"the participating libraries would have bought a copy of the monograph "
+"anyway, but instead of paying $95 for a print copy or $150 for a digital "
+"multiple-use copy, they pay $50 to unlatch. It costs them less, and it opens "
+"the book to not just the participating libraries, but to the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4219
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5362
msgid ""
"Not only do the economics make sense, but there is very strong alignment "
"with library mandates. The participating libraries pay less than they would "
"thousand times in 175 countries."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4222
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5374
msgid ""
"For publishers, authors, and librarians, the Knowledge Unlatched model for "
"monographs is a win-win-win."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4231
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5378
msgid ""
"In the first round, Knowledge Unlatched’s overheads were covered by "
"grants. In the second round, they aim to demonstrate the model is "
"sustainable. Libraries and publishers will each pay a 7.5 percent service "
-"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
+"charge that will go toward Knowledge Unlatched’s running costs. With plans "
"to scale up in future rounds, Frances figures they can fully recover costs "
-"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
+"when they are unlatching two hundred books at a time. Moving forward, "
"Knowledge Unlatched is making investments in technology and "
"processes. Future plans include unlatching journals and older books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4240
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5389
msgid ""
"Frances believes that Knowledge Unlatched is tapping into new ways of "
"valuing academic content. It’s about considering how many people can find, "
"access, and use your content without pay barriers. Knowledge Unlatched taps "
"into the new possibilities and behaviors of the digital world. In the "
"Knowledge Unlatched model, the content-creation process is exactly the same "
-"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, "
+"as it always has been, but the economics are different. For Frances, "
"Knowledge Unlatched is connected to the past but moving into the future, an "
"evolution rather than a revolution."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
-msgid "www.pinter.org.uk/pdfs/Toward\\_an\\_Open.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
-msgid "www.oapen.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
-msgid "www.hathitrust.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
-msgid "collections.knowledgeunlatched.org/collection-availability-1/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4248
-msgid "www.knowledgeunlatched.org/featured-authors-section/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5401
+msgid "Lumen Learning"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4250
-msgid "## Lumen Learning"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4253
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5404
msgid ""
"Lumen Learning is a for-profit company helping educational institutions use "
"open educational resources (OER). Founded in 2013 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4255
-msgid "lumenlearning.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5409
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5411
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, grant funding"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4257
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, grant funding"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5414
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 21, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4259
-msgid "Interview date: December 21, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5417
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: David Wiley and Kim "
+"Thanos, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4261
-msgid "Interviewees: David Wiley and Kim Thanos, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5431
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4283
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5425
msgid ""
"Cofounded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and "
"education-technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen Learning is dedicated to "
"improving student success, bringing new ideas to pedagogy, and making "
"education more affordable by facilitating adoption of open educational "
"resources. In 2012, David and Kim partnered on a grant-funded project called "
-"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.1 It involved a set of fully open "
-"general-education courses across eight colleges predominantly serving "
-"at-risk students, with goals to dramatically reduce textbook costs and "
-"collaborate to improve the courses to help students succeed. David and Kim "
-"exceeded those goals: the cost of the required textbooks, replaced with OER, "
-"decreased to zero dollars, and average student-success rates improved by 5 "
-"to 10 percent when compared with previous years. After a second round of "
-"funding, a total of more than twenty-five institutions participated in and "
-"benefited from this project. It was career changing for David and Kim to see "
-"the impact this initiative had on low-income students. David and Kim sought "
-"further funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them "
-"to define a plan to scale their work in a financially sustainable way. That "
-"is when they decided to create Lumen Learning."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4292
+"the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> It involved a set of fully open general-education courses across "
+"eight colleges predominantly serving at-risk students, with goals to "
+"dramatically reduce textbook costs and collaborate to improve the courses to "
+"help students succeed. David and Kim exceeded those goals: the cost of the "
+"required textbooks, replaced with OER, decreased to zero dollars, and "
+"average student-success rates improved by 5 to 10 percent when compared with "
+"previous years. After a second round of funding, a total of more than "
+"twenty-five institutions participated in and benefited from this project. It "
+"was career changing for David and Kim to see the impact this initiative had "
+"on low-income students. David and Kim sought further funding from the Bill "
+"and Melinda Gates Foundation, who asked them to define a plan to scale their "
+"work in a financially sustainable way. That is when they decided to create "
+"Lumen Learning."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5448
msgid ""
"David and Kim went back and forth on whether it should be a nonprofit or "
"for- profit. A nonprofit would make it a more comfortable fit with the "
"education sector but meant they’d be constantly fund-raising and seeking "
-"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used in "
-"certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
+"grants from philanthropies. Also, grants usually require money to be used "
+"in certain ways for specific deliverables. If you learn things along the way "
"that change how you think the grant money should be used, there often isn’t "
"a lot of flexibility to do so."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4300
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5458
msgid ""
"But as a for-profit, they’d have to convince educational institutions to pay "
"for what Lumen had to offer. On the positive side, they’d have more control "
"with its different model for and approach to sustainability."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4306
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5467
msgid ""
"Right from the start, David and Kim positioned Lumen Learning as a way to "
"help institutions engage in open educational resources, or OER. OER are "
"permits free use and repurposing by others."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4318
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5475
msgid ""
"Originally, Lumen did custom contracts for each institution. This was "
"complicated and challenging to manage. However, through that process "
"offerings. Today they don’t customize as much as they used to, and instead "
"they tend to work with customers who can use their off-the-shelf "
"options. Lumen finds that institutions and faculty are generally very good "
-"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
+"at seeing the value Lumen brings and are willing to pay for it. Serving "
"disadvantaged learner populations has led Lumen to be very pragmatic; they "
"describe what they offer in quantitative terms—with facts and figures—and in "
"a way that is very student-focused. Lumen Learning helps colleges and "
"universities—"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5491
msgid "replace expensive textbooks in high-enrollment courses with OER;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5497
msgid ""
"provide enrolled students day one access to Lumen’s fully customizable OER "
"course materials through the institution’s learning-management system;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5504
msgid ""
"measure improvements in student success with metrics like passing rates, "
"persistence, and course completion; and"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4327
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5510
msgid ""
"collaborate with faculty to make ongoing improvements to OER based on "
"student success research."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4333
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5516
msgid ""
"Lumen has developed a suite of open, Creative Commons–licensed courseware in "
"more than sixty-five subjects. All courses are freely and publicly available "
"Creative Commons license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4339
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5524
msgid ""
-"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
+"Then there are three types of bundled services that cost money. One option, "
"which Lumen calls Candela courseware, offers integration with the "
"institution’s learning-management system, technical and pedagogical support, "
-"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten "
+"and tracking of effectiveness. Candela courseware costs institutions ten "
"dollars per enrolled student."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4345
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5532
msgid ""
"A second option is Waymaker, which offers the services of Candela but adds "
"personalized learning technologies, such as study plans, automated messages, "
"student."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4352
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5539
msgid ""
"The third and emerging line of business for Lumen is providing guidance and "
"support for institutions and state systems that are pursuing the development "
"of complete OER degrees. Often called Z-Degrees, these programs eliminate "
"textbook costs for students in all courses that make up the degree (both "
-"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other expensive "
-"resources with OER."
+"required and elective) by replacing commercial textbooks and other "
+"expensive resources with OER."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4367
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5548
msgid ""
"Lumen generates revenue by charging for their value-added tools and services "
"on top of their free courses, just as solar-power companies provide the "
"generated immense goodwill in the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4376
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5565
msgid ""
"In most cases, development of their courses is funded by the institution "
"Lumen has a contract with. When creating new courses, Lumen typically works "
"which the faculty reviews."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4386
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5576
msgid ""
-"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. "
-"The open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from "
-"images, videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen "
-"creates new content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items "
-"and feedback for students on their progress are areas where new content is "
-"frequently needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform "
-"with all the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any "
-"of Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
+"Sometimes faculty like the existing OER but not the way it is presented. The "
+"open licensing of existing OER allows Lumen to pick and choose from images, "
+"videos, and other media to adapt and customize the course. Lumen creates new "
+"content as they discover gaps in existing OER. Test-bank items and feedback "
+"for students on their progress are areas where new content is frequently "
+"needed. Once a course is created, Lumen puts it on their platform with all "
+"the attributions and links to the original sources intact, and any of "
+"Lumen’s new content is given an Attribution (CC BY) license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4392
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5587
msgid ""
"Using only OER made them experience firsthand how complex it could be to mix "
"differently licensed work together. A common strategy with OER is to place "
"however, when mixing different OER together."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4401
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5595
msgid ""
"Remixing OER often results in multiple attributions on every page of every "
"course—text from one place, images from another, and videos from yet "
"at the end of each page."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4409
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5606
msgid ""
"Lumen’s commitment to open licensing and helping low-income students has led "
"to strong relationships with institutions, open-education enthusiasts, and "
"number of general inquiries exceed Lumen’s sales capacity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4420
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5614
msgid ""
"To manage demand and ensure the success of projects, their strategy is to be "
"proactive and focus on what’s going on in higher education in different "
"regions of the United States, watching out for things happening at the "
-"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
+"system level in a way that fits with what Lumen offers. A great example is "
"the Virginia community college system, which is building out "
-"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
+"Z-Degrees. David and Kim say there are nine other U.S. states with similar "
"system-level activity where Lumen is strategically focusing its "
"efforts. Where there are projects that would require a lot of resources on "
"Lumen’s part, they prioritize the ones that would impact the largest number "
"of students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4428
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5627
msgid ""
"As a business, Lumen is committed to openness. There are two core "
"nonnegotiables: Lumen’s use of CC BY, the most permissive of the Creative "
"keeping Lumen healthy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4437
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5637
msgid ""
"Openness also means that Lumen’s OER must necessarily be nonexclusive and "
"nonrivalrous. This represents several big challenges for the business model: "
"community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4444
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5647
msgid ""
"In the OER sector, there are examples of corporations, and even "
"institutions, acting as free riders. Some simply take and use open resources "
-"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the "
-"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those "
+"without paying anything or contributing anything back. Others give back the "
+"minimum amount so they can save face. Sustainability will require those "
"using open resources to give back an amount that seems fair or even give "
"back something that is generous."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5656
msgid ""
-"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
+"Lumen does track institutions accessing and using their free content. They "
"proactively contact those institutions, with an estimate of how much their "
"students are saving and encouraging them to switch to a paid model. Lumen "
"explains the advantages of the paid model: a more interactive relationship "
"using."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4460
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5667
msgid ""
-"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
+"Lumen works hard to be a good corporate citizen in the OER community. For "
"David and Kim, a good corporate citizen gives more than they take, adds "
"unique value, and is very transparent about what they are taking from "
-"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen "
+"community, what they are giving back, and what they are monetizing. Lumen "
"believes these are the building blocks of a sustainable model and strives "
"for a correct balance of all these factors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4465
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5676
msgid ""
"Licensing all the content they produce with CC BY is a key part of giving "
"more value than they take. They’ve also worked hard at finding the right "
"understandable and repeatable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4475
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5682
msgid ""
"As of the fall 2016 term, Lumen had eighty-six different open courses, "
"working relationships with ninety-two institutions, and more than "
"with revenue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4483
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5694
msgid ""
"In creating Lumen Learning, David and Kim say they’ve landed on solutions "
"they never imagined, and there is still a lot of learning taking place. For "
"trust."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4487
-msgid "lumenlearning.com/innovative-projects/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4489
-msgid "## Jonathan Mann"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5705
+msgid "Jonathan Mann"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4492
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5708
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann is a singer and songwriter who is most well known as the “Song "
"A Day” guy. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4494
-msgid "jonathanmann.net and jonathanmann.bandcamp.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5711
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://jonathanmann.net\"/> and <ulink "
+"url=\"http://jonathanmann.bandcamp.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4498
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5714
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging for custom services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding "
-"(subscription-based), charging for in-person version (speaking engagements "
-"and musical performances)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, pay-what-you-want, crowdfunding (subscription-based), charging for "
+"in-person version (speaking engagements and musical performances)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4500
-msgid "Interview date: February 22, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5719
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 22, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4512
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5727
msgid ""
"Jonathan Mann thinks of his business model as “hustling”—seizing nearly "
"every opportunity he sees to make money. The bulk of his income comes from "
"summarizing what speakers have said in the conference sessions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5738
msgid ""
"His entrepreneurial spirit is coupled with a willingness to take action "
"quickly. A perfect illustration of his ability to act fast happened in 2010, "
"magazine."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4526
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5749
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s successful “hustling” is also about old-fashioned persistence. He "
"is currently in his eighth straight year of writing one song each day. He "
"widely known as the “song-a-day guy.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4534
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5756
msgid ""
"He fell into this role by, naturally, seizing a random opportunity a friend "
"alerted him to seven years ago—an event called Fun-A-Day, where people are "
"supposed to create a piece of art every day for thirty-one days straight. He "
"was in need of a new project, so he decided to give it a try by writing and "
-"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he "
+"posting a song each day. He added a video component to the songs because he "
"knew people were more likely to watch video online than simply listening to "
"audio files."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4548
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5766
msgid ""
"He had a really good time doing the thirty-one-day challenge, so he decided "
-"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
+"to see if he could continue it for one year. He never stopped. He has "
"written and posted a new song literally every day, seven days a week, since "
"he began the project in 2009. When he isn’t writing songs that he is hired "
"to write by clients, he writes songs about whatever is on his mind that "
"prepare ahead and have someone else post the song for him."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4555
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5782
msgid ""
-"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
+"Over time, the song-a-day gig became the basis of his livelihood. In the "
"beginning, he made money one of two ways. The first was by entering a wide "
"variety of contests and winning a handful. The second was by having the "
"occasional song and video go some varying degree of viral, which would bring "
"songs for them. Today he earns most of his money this way."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5791
msgid ""
"His website explains his gig as “taking any message, from the super simple "
"to the totally complicated, and conveying that message through a heartfelt, "
-"fun and quirky song.” He charges \\$500 to create a produced song and \\$300 "
-"for an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, "
+"fun and quirky song.” He charges $500 to create a produced song and $300 for "
+"an acoustic song. He has been hired for product launches, weddings, "
"conferences, and even Kickstarter campaigns like the one that funded the "
"production of this book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4569
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5800
msgid ""
"Jonathan can’t recall when exactly he first learned about Creative Commons, "
"but he began applying CC licenses to his songs and videos as soon as he "
"discovered the option. “CC seems like such a no-brainer,” Jonathan said. “I "
-"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an "
+"don’t understand how anything else would make sense. It seems like such an "
"obvious thing that you would want your work to be able to be shared.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4577
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5808
msgid ""
"His songs are essentially marketing for his services, so obviously the "
"further his songs spread, the better. Using CC licenses helps grease the "
"time. Our me-me, mine-mine culture has undermined that.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4583
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5818
msgid ""
"There are some people who cover his songs fairly regularly, and he would "
"never shut that down. But he acknowledges there is a lot more he could do to "
"Jonathan said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4591
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5825
msgid ""
"He does have a fan community he cultivates on Bandcamp, but it isn’t his "
"major focus. “I do have a core audience that has stuck around for a really "
"songs for clients."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4601
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5835
msgid ""
"Jonathan recognizes what comes naturally to him and leverages those "
"skills. Through the practice of daily songwriting, he realized he has a gift "
"music. In his song “How to Choose a Master Password,” Jonathan explained the "
"process of creating a secure password in a silly, simple song. He was hired "
"to write the song by a client who handed him a long technical blog post from "
-"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he "
+"which to draw the information. Like a good (and rare) journalist, he "
"translated the technical concepts into something understandable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4615
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5847
msgid ""
"When he is hired by a client to write a song, he first asks them to send a "
"list of talking points and other information they want to include in the "
"song. He puts all of that into a text file and starts moving things around, "
-"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first "
+"cutting and pasting until the message starts to come together. The first "
"thing he tries to do is grok the core message and develop the chorus. Then "
"he looks for connections or parts he can make rhyme. The entire process "
"really does resemble good journalism, but of course the final product of his "
"creative challenge really satisfying. I enjoy getting lost in that process.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4621
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5862
msgid ""
"Jonathan admits that in an ideal world, he would exclusively write the music "
-"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
+"he wanted to write, rather than what clients hire him to write. But his "
"business model is about capitalizing on his strengths as a songwriter, and "
"he has found a way to keep it interesting for himself."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4631
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5869
msgid ""
"Jonathan uses nearly every tool possible to make money from his art, but he "
"does have lines he won’t cross. He won’t write songs about things he "
"others."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4638
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5881
msgid ""
"Jonathan’s song-a-day commitment exemplifies the power of habit and "
"grit. Conventional wisdom about creative productivity, including advice in "
"books like the best-seller The Creative Habit by Twyla Tharp, routinely "
"emphasizes the importance of ritual and action. No amount of planning can "
-"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work "
-"is a living embodiment of these principles."
+"replace the value of simple practice and just doing. Jonathan Mann’s work is "
+"a living embodiment of these principles."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4644
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5890
msgid ""
"When he speaks about his work, he talks about how much the song-a-day "
"process has changed him. Rather than seeing any given piece of work as "
"might be better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4651
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5897
msgid ""
-"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He "
-"is constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his "
-"work as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major "
+"Jonathan seems to have this mentality about his career more generally. He is "
+"constantly experimenting with ways to make a living while sharing his work "
+"as widely as possible, seeing what sticks. While he has major "
"accomplishments he is proud of, like being in the Guinness World Records or "
"having his song used by Steve Jobs, he says he never truly feels successful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4655
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5905
msgid ""
"“Success feels like it’s over,” he said. “To a certain extent, a creative "
"person is not ever going to feel completely satisfied because then so much "
"of what drives you would be gone.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4657
-msgid "## Noun Project"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5911
+msgid "Noun Project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4661
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5914
msgid ""
"The Noun Project is a for-profit company offering an online platform to "
"display visual icons from a global network of designers. Founded in 2010 in "
"the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4663
-msgid "thenounproject.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5919
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4665
-msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee, charging for custom services"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5921
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
+"fee, charging for custom services"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4667
-msgid "Interview date: October 6, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5924
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: October 6, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4669
-msgid "Interviewee: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5927
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Edward Boatman, cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4675
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5935
msgid ""
"The Noun Project creates and shares visual language. There are millions who "
"use Noun Project symbols to simplify communication across borders, "
"languages, and cultures."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4682
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5940
msgid ""
"The original idea for the Noun Project came to cofounder Edward Boatman "
"while he was a student in architecture design school. He’d always done a lot "
"of sketches and started to draw what used to fascinate him as a child, like "
-"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be if "
-"he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on the "
-"planet."
+"trains, sequoias, and bulldozers. He began thinking how great it would be "
+"if he had a simple image or small icon of every single object or concept on "
+"the planet."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4688
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5948
msgid ""
"When Edward went on to work at an architecture firm, he had to make a lot of "
"presentation boards for clients. But finding high-quality sources for "
"actually help people in similar situations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4695
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5956
msgid ""
"With his partner, Sofya Polyakov, he began collecting symbols for a website "
"and writing a business plan. Inspiration came from the book Professor and "
"the Madman, which chronicles the use of crowdsourcing to create the Oxford "
-"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and "
+"English Dictionary in 1870. Edward began to imagine crowdsourcing icons and "
"symbols from volunteer designers around the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4703
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5967
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5964
msgid ""
"Then Edward got laid off during the recession, which turned out to be a huge "
"catalyst. He decided to give his idea a go, and in 2010 Edward and Sofya "
"launched the Noun Project with a Kickstarter campaign, back when Kickstarter "
-"was in its infancy.1 They thought it’d be a good way to introduce the global "
-"web community to their idea. Their goal was to raise \\$1,500, but in twenty "
-"days they got over \\$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to "
-"be something much bigger."
+"was in its infancy.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They thought "
+"it’d be a good way to introduce the global web community to their "
+"idea. Their goal was to raise $1,500, but in twenty days they got over "
+"$14,000. They realized their idea had the potential to be something much "
+"bigger."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4709
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5973
msgid ""
"They created a platform where symbols and icons could be uploaded, and "
"Edward began recruiting talented designers to contribute their designs, a "
"convince them to finally share them with the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4717
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5981
msgid ""
"The Noun Project currently has about seven thousand designers from around "
"the world. But not all submissions are accepted. The Noun Project’s "
"relationship they have with their global community of designers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4722
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5990
msgid ""
"Creative Commons is an integral part of the Noun Project’s business model; "
"this decision was inspired by Chris Anderson’s book Free: The Future of "
"business model around free content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4734
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:5997
msgid ""
"Edward knew he wanted to offer a free visual language while still providing "
"some protection and reward for its contributors. There is a tension between "
"they can use CC0 to put the work into the public domain."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4743
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6011
msgid ""
"Noun Project’s business model and means of generating revenue have evolved "
"significantly over time. Their initial plan was to sell T-shirts with the "
"icons on it, which in retrospect Edward says was a horrible idea. They did "
"get a lot of email from people saying they loved the icons but asking if "
-"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among "
+"they could pay a fee instead of giving attribution. Ad agencies (among "
"others) wanted to keep marketing and presentation materials clean and free "
"of attribution statements. For Edward, “That’s when our lightbulb went off.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4749
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6021
msgid ""
"They asked their global network of designers whether they’d be open to "
-"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
+"receiving modest remuneration instead of attribution. Designers saw it as a "
"win-win. The idea that you could offer your designs for free and have a "
"global audience and maybe even make some money was pretty exciting for most "
"designers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4761
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6028
msgid ""
"The Noun Project first adopted a model whereby using an icon without giving "
-"attribution would cost \\$1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added "
-"a subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a "
+"attribution would cost $1.99 per icon. The model’s second iteration added a "
+"subscription component, where there would be a monthly fee to access a "
"certain number of icons—ten, fifty, a hundred, or five hundred. However, "
"users didn’t like these hard-count options. They preferred to try out many "
"similar icons to see which worked best before eventually choosing the one "
"they wanted to use. So the Noun Project moved to an unlimited model, whereby "
"users have unlimited access to the whole library for a flat monthly "
-"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs \\$9.99 per month. Edward says "
+"fee. This service is called NounPro and costs $9.99 per month. Edward says "
"this model is working well—good for customers, good for creators, and good "
"for the platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4772
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6042
msgid ""
"Customers then began asking for an application-programming interface (API), "
"which would allow Noun Project icons and symbols to be directly accessed "
"from within other applications. Edward knew that the icons and symbols would "
"be valuable in a lot of different contexts and that they couldn’t possibly "
"know all of them in advance, so they built an API with a lot of "
-"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
+"flexibility. Knowing that most API applications would want to use the icons "
"without giving attribution, the API was built with the aim of charging for "
"its use. You can use what’s called the “Playground API” for free to test how "
"it integrates with your application, but full implementation will require "
"you to purchase the API Pro version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4776
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6056
msgid ""
-"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
+"The Noun Project shares revenue with its international designers. For "
"one-off purchases, the revenue is split 70 percent to the designer and 30 "
"percent to Noun Project."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4785
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6061
msgid ""
"The revenue from premium purchases (the subscription and API options) is "
"split a little differently. At the end of each month, the total revenue from "
"subscriptions is divided by Noun Project’s total number of downloads, "
-"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be \\$0.13 per "
-"download for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent "
-"to the designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s "
-"per use instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time "
-"as it’s providing more service to the user."
+"resulting in a rate per download—for example, it could be $0.13 per download "
+"for that month. For each download, the revenue is split 40 percent to the "
+"designer and 60 percent to the Noun Project. (For API usage, it’s per use "
+"instead of per download.) Noun Project’s share is higher this time as it’s "
+"providing more service to the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6073 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6145
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/#getting_paid\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4790
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6072
msgid ""
"The Noun Project tries to be completely transparent about their royalty "
-"structure.2 They tend to over communicate with creators about it because "
-"building trust is the top priority."
+"structure.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> They tend to over "
+"communicate with creators about it because building trust is the top "
+"priority."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4796
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6077
msgid ""
"For most creators, contributing to the Noun Project is not a full-time job "
"but something they do on the side. Edward categorizes monthly earnings for "
"pay the bills; and most successful of all, enough to pay the rent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4808
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6084
msgid ""
-"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can use "
-"Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
+"Recently the Noun Project launched a new app called Lingo. Designers can "
+"use Lingo to organize not just their Noun Project icons and symbols but also "
"their photos, illustrations, UX designs, et cetera. You simply drag any "
"visual item directly into Lingo to save it. Lingo also works for teams so "
"people can share visuals with each other and search across their combined "
-"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for \\$9.99 per "
-"month lets you add guests. A team version for \\$49.95 per month allows up "
-"to twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add "
-"new assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, "
-"you can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
+"collections. Lingo is free for personal use. A pro version for $9.99 per "
+"month lets you add guests. A team version for $49.95 per month allows up to "
+"twenty-five team members to collaborate, and to view, use, edit, and add new "
+"assets to each other’s collections. And if you subscribe to NounPro, you "
+"can access Noun Project from within Lingo."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4814
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6098
msgid ""
"The Noun Project gives a ton of value away for free. A very large percentage "
"of their roughly one million members have a free account, but there are "
"visually."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4819
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6105
msgid ""
"For Edward, “creating, sharing, and celebrating the world’s visual language” "
"is the most important aspect of what they do; it’s their stated mission. It "
"differentiates them from others who offer graphics, icons, or clip art."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4826
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6111
msgid ""
"Noun Project creators agree. When surveyed on why they participate in the "
-"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
+"Noun Project, this is how designers rank their reasons: 1) to support the "
"Noun Project mission, 2) to promote their own personal brand, and 3) to "
"generate money. It’s striking to see that money comes third, and mission, "
"first. If you want to engage a global network of contributors, it’s "
"important to have a mission beyond making money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4831
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6120
msgid ""
"In Edward’s view, Creative Commons is central to their mission of sharing "
"and social good. Using Creative Commons makes the Noun Project’s mission "
"credibility. CC comes with a built-in community of users and fans."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4839
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6127
msgid ""
"Edward told us, “Don’t underestimate the power of a passionate community "
"around your product or your business. They are going to go to bat for you "
"initiatives and continue to nurture it.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6137
msgid ""
"The Noun Project nurtures their creators’ second motivation—promoting a "
"personal brand—by connecting every icon and symbol to the creator’s name and "
"search the icons by the creator’s name."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4852
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6144
msgid ""
"The Noun Project also builds community through Iconathons—hackathons for "
-"icons.2 In partnership with a sponsoring organization, the Noun Project "
-"comes up with a theme (e.g., sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla "
-"gardening, human rights) and a list of icons that are needed, which "
-"designers are invited to create at the event. The results are vectorized, "
-"and added to the Noun Project using CC0 so they can be used by anyone for "
-"free."
+"icons.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> In partnership with a "
+"sponsoring organization, the Noun Project comes up with a theme (e.g., "
+"sustainable energy, food bank, guerrilla gardening, human rights) and a list "
+"of icons that are needed, which designers are invited to create at the "
+"event. The results are vectorized, and added to the Noun Project using CC0 "
+"so they can be used by anyone for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4860
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6153
msgid ""
"Providing a free version of their product that satisfies a lot of their "
"customers’ needs has actually enabled the Noun Project to build the paid "
"been key to that goal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
-msgid "www.kickstarter.com/projects/tnp/building-a-free-collection-of-our-worlds-visual-sy/description"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
-msgid "thenounproject.com/handbook/royalties/\\#getting\\_paid"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4866
-msgid "thenounproject.com/iconathon/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4868
-msgid "## Open Data Institute"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6164
+msgid "Open Data Institute"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4872
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6167
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute is an independent nonprofit that connects, equips, "
-"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
+"and inspires people around the world to innovate with data. Founded in 2012 "
"in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4874
-msgid "theodi.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6172
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4877
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6174
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant and government funding, charging for custom services, "
-"donations"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant and government "
+"funding, charging for custom services, donations"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4879
-msgid "Interview date: November 11, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6177
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4881
-msgid "Interviewee: Jeni Tennison, technical director"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6180
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Jeni Tennison, technical "
+"director"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4891
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6188
msgid ""
"Cofounded by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Sir Nigel Shadbolt in 2012, the "
"London-based Open Data Institute (ODI) offers data-related training, events, "
"consulting services, and research. For ODI, Creative Commons licenses are "
"central to making their own business model and their customers’ open. CC BY "
"(Attribution), CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike), and CC0 (placed in the "
-"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people "
+"public domain) all play a critical role in ODI’s mission to help people "
"around the world innovate with data."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4901
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6198
msgid ""
"Data underpins planning and decision making across all aspects of "
"society. Weather data helps farmers know when to plant their crops, flight "
"understanding what is happening around them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4907
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6210
msgid ""
"The Open Data Institute’s 2012–17 business plan starts out by describing its "
"vision to establish itself as a world-leading center and to research and be "
"initiatives.) It goes on to say that the ODI wants to—"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6220
msgid ""
"demonstrate the commercial value of open government data and how open-data "
"policies affect this;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6226
msgid "develop the economic benefits case and business models for open data;"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6232
msgid "help UK businesses use open data; and"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4914
-msgid "show how open data can improve public services.1"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6237
+msgid ""
+"show how open data can improve public services.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4922
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6242
msgid ""
"ODI is very explicit about how it wants to make open business models, and "
"defining what this means. Jeni Tennison, ODI’s technical director, puts it "
"ODI’s particular focus is to show open data’s potential for revenue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4928
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6252
msgid ""
"As an independent nonprofit, ODI secured £10 million over five years from "
"the UK government via Innovate UK, an agency that promotes innovation in "
"science and technology. For this funding, ODI has to secure matching funds "
-"from other sources, some of which were met through a \\$4.75-million "
+"from other sources, some of which were met through a $4.75-million "
"investment from the Omidyar Network."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4934
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6260
msgid ""
"Jeni started out as a developer and technical architect for data.gov.uk, the "
-"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
+"UK government’s pioneering open-data initiative. She helped make data sets "
"from government departments available as open data. She joined ODI in 2012 "
"when it was just starting up, as one of six people. It now has a staff of "
"about sixty."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4941
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6267
msgid ""
"ODI strives to have half its annual budget come from the core UK government "
"and Omidyar grants, and the other half from project-based research and "
"generate these matching funds in response to market needs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4944
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6275
msgid ""
"On the commercial side, ODI generates funding through memberships, training, "
"and advisory services."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4955
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6279
msgid ""
-"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
-"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to £100. "
-"Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount on "
-"ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
+"You can join the ODI as an individual or commercial member. Individual "
+"membership is pay-what-you-can, with options ranging from £1 to "
+"£100. Members receive a newsletter and related communications and a discount "
+"on ODI training courses and the annual summit, and they can display an "
"ODI-supporter badge on their website. Commercial membership is divided into "
"two tiers: small to medium size enterprises and nonprofits at £720 a year, "
"and corporations and government organizations at £2,200 a year. Commercial "
"are listed on their website.)2"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4967
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6293
msgid ""
"ODI provides standardized open data training courses in which anyone can "
"enroll. The initial idea was to offer an intensive and academically oriented "
"they can attend as a form of professional development."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4975
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6307
msgid ""
"ODI customizes training for clients as well, for which there is more "
"demand. Custom training usually emerges through an established relationship "
"training tends to generate high interest and commitment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4982
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6316
msgid ""
"Education about open data is also a part of ODI’s annual summit event, where "
"curated presentations and speakers showcase the work of ODI and its members "
"2014, there were four thematic tracks and over 750 attendees."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4989
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6324
msgid ""
"In addition to memberships and training, ODI provides advisory services to "
"help with technical-data support, technology development, change management, "
"organizations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:4992
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6333
msgid "On the commercial side, the following value propositions seem to resonate:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6339
msgid ""
"Data-driven insights. Businesses need data from outside their business to "
"get more insight. Businesses can generate value and more effectively pursue "
"their own goals if they open up their own data too. Big data is a hot topic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6347
msgid ""
"Open innovation. Many large-scale enterprises are aware they don’t innovate "
"very well. One way they can innovate is to open up their data. ODI "
"autonomy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5007
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6356
msgid ""
"Corporate social responsibility. While this resonates with businesses, ODI "
"cautions against having it be the sole reason for making data open. If a "
"accountable, they can miss out on efficiencies and opportunities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5015
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6365
msgid ""
"During their early years, ODI wanted to focus solely on the United "
"Kingdom. But in their first year, large delegations of government visitors "
"governments, which prompted a need to set up international ODI “nodes.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5025
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6374
msgid ""
-"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
+"Nodes are franchises of the ODI at a regional or city level. Hosted by "
"existing (for-profit or not-for-profit) organizations, they operate locally "
"but are part of the global network. Each ODI node adopts the charter, a set "
-"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
+"of guiding principles and rules under which ODI operates. They develop and "
"deliver training, connect people and businesses through membership and "
"events, and communicate open-data stories from their part of the "
"world. There are twenty-seven different nodes across nineteen countries. ODI "
"brand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5029
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6388
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://theodi.org/odi-startup-programme\"/>; <ulink "
+"url=\"http://theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6386
msgid ""
"ODI also runs programs to help start-ups in the UK and across Europe develop "
"a sustainable business around open data, offering mentoring, advice, "
-"training, and even office space.3"
+"training, and even office space.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6392
msgid ""
-"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community building. "
-"Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and start-up "
-"programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and leaders. (In "
-"fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders Network.) For "
-"ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time and effort to "
-"build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
+"A big part of ODI’s business model revolves around community "
+"building. Memberships, training, summits, consulting services, nodes, and "
+"start-up programs create an ever-growing network of open-data users and "
+"leaders. (In fact, ODI even operates something called an Open Data Leaders "
+"Network.) For ODI, community is key to success. They devote significant time "
+"and effort to build it, not just online but through face-to-face events."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6406
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://certificates.theodi.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5043
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6401
msgid ""
"ODI has created an online tool that organizations can use to assess the "
"legal, practical, technical, and social aspects of their open data. If it is "
"of high quality, the organization can earn ODI’s Open Data Certificate, a "
"globally recognized mark that signals that their open data is useful, "
-"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.4"
+"reliable, accessible, discoverable, and supported.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5048
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6409
msgid ""
"Separate from commercial activities, the ODI generates funding through "
"research grants. Research includes looking at evidence on the impact of open "
"data at scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5053
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6415
msgid ""
"Creative Commons 4.0 licenses cover database rights and ODI recommends CC "
"BY, CC BY-SA, and CC0 for data releases. ODI encourages publishers of data "
"their own."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5069
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6421
msgid ""
"For ODI, open is at the heart of what they do. They also release any "
"software code they produce under open-source-software licenses, and "
"data. Disseminating stories, research, guidance, and code under an open "
"license is essential for achieving that mission. It also demonstrates that "
"it is perfectly possible to generate sustainable revenue streams that do not "
-"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
+"rely on restrictive licensing of content, data, or code. People pay to have "
"ODI experts provide training to them, not for the content of the training; "
"people pay for the advice ODI gives them, not for the methodologies they "
"use. Producing open content, data, and source code helps establish "
"completely possible to be open, get customers, and make money.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5073
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6439
msgid ""
"To serve as evidence of a successful open business model and return on "
-"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
+"investment, ODI has a public dashboard of key performance indicators. Here "
"are a few metrics as of April 27, 2016:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6447
msgid ""
"Total amount of cash investments unlocked in direct investments in ODI, "
"competition funding, direct contracts, and partnerships, and income that ODI "
"million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6455
msgid "Total number of active members and nodes across the globe: 1,350"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6461
msgid "Total sales since ODI began: £7.44 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6466
msgid ""
"Total number of unique people reached since ODI began, in person and online: "
"2.2 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6472
msgid "Total Open Data Certificates created: 151,000"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5085
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6477
msgid "Total number of people trained by ODI and its nodes since ODI began: 5,0805"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "e642e8368e3bf8d5526e-464b4b70b4554c1a79566214d402739e.r6.cf3.rackcdn.com/odi-business-plan-may-release.pdf"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "directory.theodi.org/members"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "theodi.org/odi-startup-programme; theodi.org/open-data-incubator-for-europe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "certificates.theodi.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5094
-msgid "dashboards.theodi.org/company/all"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5096
-msgid "## OpenDesk"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6484
+msgid "OpenDesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5100
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6487
msgid ""
"Opendesk is a for-profit company offering an online platform that connects "
"furniture designers around the world with customers and local makers who "
-"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
+"bring the designs to life. Founded in 2014 in the UK."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5102
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6493
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5104 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7054
-msgid "Revenue model: charging a transaction fee"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6495 MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8909
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging a transaction "
+"fee"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5106
-msgid "Interview date: November 4, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6498
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: November 4, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5108
-msgid "Interviewees: Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner, cofounders"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6501
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Nick Ierodiaconou and "
+"Joni Steiner, cofounders"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5115
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6509
msgid ""
"Opendesk is an online platform that connects furniture designers around the "
"world not just with customers but also with local registered makers who "
"every sale that is made by a maker."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5130
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6515
msgid ""
"Cofounders Nick Ierodiaconou and Joni Steiner studied and worked as "
"architects together. They also made goods. Their first client was Mint "
"Wikihouse becoming a nonprofit foundation and Opendesk a for-profit company."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5136
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6532
msgid ""
"When Nick and Joni set out to create Opendesk, there were a lot of questions "
"about the viability of distributed manufacturing. No one was doing it in a "
"had the intent, but fulfilling this vision was still a long way away."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5146
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6539
msgid ""
"And now this sector is emerging, and Nick and Joni are highly interested in "
"the commercialization aspects of it. As part of coming up with a business "
"wheel and settled on using Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5152
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6550
msgid ""
"When designing the Opendesk system, they had two goals. They wanted anyone, "
"anywhere in the world, to be able to download designs so that they could be "
"complex."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5156
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6557
msgid ""
"They gave a lot of thought to three angles—the potential for social sharing, "
"allowing designers to choose their license, and the impact these choices "
"would have on the business model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5162
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6562
msgid ""
"In support of social sharing, Opendesk actively advocates for (but doesn’t "
"demand) open licensing. And Nick and Joni are agnostic about which Creative "
"themselves how open or closed they want to be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5167
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6573
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/designers\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6570
msgid ""
-"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
+"For the most part, designers love the idea of sharing content. They "
"understand that you get positive feedback when you’re attributed, what Nick "
"and Joni called “reputational glow.” And Opendesk does an awesome job "
-"profiling the designers.1"
+"profiling the designers.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5172
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6576
msgid ""
"While designers are largely OK with personal sharing, there is a concern "
"that someone will take the design and manufacture the furniture in bulk, "
"choose the Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5181
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6583
msgid ""
"Anyone can download a design and make it themselves, provided it’s for "
-"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
+"noncommercial use — and there have been many, many downloads. Or users can "
"buy the product from Opendesk, or from a registered maker in Opendesk’s "
-"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
+"network, for on-demand personal fabrication. The network of Opendesk makers "
"currently is made up of those who do digital fabrication using a "
"computer-controlled CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machining device that "
"cuts shapes out of wooden sheets according to the specifications in the "
"design file."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5189
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6600
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6593
msgid ""
"Makers benefit from being part of Opendesk’s network. Making furniture for "
"local customers is paid work, and Opendesk generates business for them. Joni "
"because we built a site where people could write in about their "
"capabilities. Building the community by learning from the maker community is "
"how we have moved forward.” Opendesk now has relationships with hundreds of "
-"makers in countries all around the world.2"
+"makers in countries all around the world.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5193
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6603
msgid ""
-"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
+"The makers are a critical part of the Opendesk business model. Their model "
"builds off the makers’ quotes. Here’s how it’s expressed on Opendesk’s "
"website:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5196
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6608
msgid ""
"When customers buy an Opendesk product directly from a registered maker, "
"they pay:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6614
msgid ""
"the manufacturing cost as set by the maker (this covers material and labour "
"costs for the product to be manufactured and any extra assembly costs "
"charged by the maker)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6621
msgid ""
"a design fee for the designer (a design fee that is paid to the designer "
"every time their design is used)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6627
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the Opendesk platform (this supports the infrastructure "
"and ongoing development of the platform that helps us build out our "
"marketplace)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6634
msgid ""
"a percentage fee to the channel through which the sale is made (at the "
"moment this is Opendesk, but in the future we aim to open this up to "
"channels—this covers sales and marketing fees for the relevant channel)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6643
msgid ""
"a local delivery service charge (the delivery is typically charged by the "
"maker, but in some cases may be paid to a third-party delivery partner)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6650
msgid ""
"charges for any additional services the customer chooses, such as on-site "
"assembly (additional services are discretionary—in many cases makers will be "
"options)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5218
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6658
msgid "local sales taxes (variable by customer and maker location)3"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5220
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6663
msgid "They then go into detail how makers’ quotes are created:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5229
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6666
msgid ""
"When a customer wants to buy an Opendesk . . . they are provided with a "
"transparent breakdown of fees including the manufacturing cost, design fee, "
"in touch directly with a registered local maker using a downloaded Opendesk "
"file, the maker is responsible for ensuring the design fee, Opendesk "
"platform fee and channel fees are included in any quote at the time of "
-"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
+"sale. Percentage fees are always based on the underlying manufacturing cost "
"and are typically apportioned as follows:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6679
msgid ""
"manufacturing cost: fabrication, finishing and any other costs as set by the "
"maker (excluding any services like delivery or on-site assembly)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6686
msgid "design fee: 8 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6691
msgid "platform fee: 12 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6696
msgid "channel fee: 18 percent of the manufacturing cost"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5237
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6701
msgid "sales tax: as applicable (depends on product and location)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5242
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6706
msgid ""
-"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to Nick "
-"and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
+"Opendesk shares revenue with their community of designers. According to "
+"Nick and Joni, a typical designer fee is around 2.5 percent, so Opendesk’s 8 "
"percent is more generous, and providing a higher value to the designer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5249
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6712
msgid ""
-"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
+"The Opendesk website features stories of designers and makers. Denis Fuzii "
"published the design for the Valovi Chair from his studio in São Paulo. His "
"designs have been downloaded over five thousand times in ninety-five "
"countries. I.J. CNC Services is Ian Jinks, a professional maker based in the "
"United Kingdom. Opendesk now makes up a large proportion of his business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5257
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6720
msgid ""
"To manage resources and remain effective, Opendesk has so far focused on a "
"very narrow niche—primarily office furniture of a certain simple aesthetic, "
"which uses only one type of material and one manufacturing technique. This "
"allows them to be more strategic and more disruptive in the market, by "
-"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects "
+"getting things to market quickly with competitive prices. It also reflects "
"their vision of creating reproducible and functional pieces."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5263
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6729
msgid ""
"On their website, Opendesk describes what they do as “open making”: "
"“Designers get a global distribution channel. Makers get profitable jobs and "
"way to buy custom-made products.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5269
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6737
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni say that customers like the fact that the furniture has a "
"known provenance. People really like that their furniture was designed by a "
"furniture from the usual mass-produced items from a store."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5277
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6750
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openmaking.is\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6745
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni are taking a community-based approach to define and evolve "
"Opendesk and the “open making” business model. They’re engaging thought "
"leaders and practitioners to define this new movement. They have a separate "
"Open Making site, which includes a manifesto, a field guide, and an "
-"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.4 People can submit "
-"ideas and discuss the principles and business practices they’d like to see "
-"used."
+"invitation to get involved in the Open Making community.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> People can submit ideas and discuss the "
+"principles and business practices they’d like to see used."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5283
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6754
msgid ""
"Nick and Joni talked a lot with us about intellectual property (IP) and "
"commercialization. Many of their designers fear the idea that someone could "
"Attribution-NonCommercial license (CC BY-NC)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5286
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6762
msgid ""
"Opendesk established a set of principles for what their community considers "
"commercial and noncommercial use. Their website states:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5288
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6766
msgid "It is unambiguously commercial use when anyone:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6771
msgid "charges a fee or makes a profit when making an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5291
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6776
msgid "sells (or bases a commercial service on) an Opendesk"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5295
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6781
msgid ""
"It follows from this that noncommercial use is when you make an Opendesk "
"yourself, with no intention to gain commercial advantage or monetary "
"compensation. For example, these qualify as noncommercial:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6789
msgid ""
"you are an individual with your own CNC machine, or access to a shared CNC "
"machine, and will personally cut and make a few pieces of furniture yourself"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6796
msgid ""
"you are a student (or teacher) and you use the design files for educational "
"purposes or training (and do not intend to sell the resulting pieces)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5304
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6803
msgid ""
"you work for a charity and get furniture cut by volunteers, or by employees "
"at a fab lab or maker space"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5313
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6809
msgid ""
"Whether or not people technically are doing things that implicate IP, Nick "
"and Joni have found that people tend to comply with the wishes of creators "
"customers. For them, the value Opendesk generates hangs off “open,” not IP."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5319
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6820
msgid ""
"The mission of Opendesk is about relocalizing manufacturing, which changes "
-"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
+"the way we think about how goods are made. Commercialization is integral to "
"their mission, and they’ve begun to focus on success metrics that track how "
"many makers and designers are engaged through Opendesk in revenue-making "
"work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5324
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6827
msgid ""
"As a global platform for local making, Opendesk’s business model has been "
"built on honesty, transparency, and inclusivity. As Nick and Joni describe "
"people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/designers"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/makers/"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-msgid "www.opendesk.cc/open-making/join"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5331
-msgid "openmaking.is"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5333
-msgid "## OpenStax"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6834
+msgid "OpenStax"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5337
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6837
msgid ""
"OpenStax is a nonprofit that provides free, openly licensed textbooks for "
"high-enrollment introductory college courses and Advanced Placement "
"courses. Founded in 2012 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5339
-msgid "www.openstaxcollege.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6842
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.openstaxcollege.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5342
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6844
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant funding, charging for custom services, charging for "
-"physical copies (textbook sales)"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, charging "
+"for custom services, charging for physical copies (textbook sales)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5344
-msgid "Interview date: December 16, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6848
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 16, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5346
-msgid "Interviewee: David Harris, editor-in-chief"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6851
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: David Harris, "
+"editor-in-chief"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5359
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6859
msgid ""
"OpenStax is an extension of a program called Connexions, which was started "
"in 1999 by Dr. Richard Baraniuk, the Victor E. Cameron Professor of "
"Creative Commons and available to anyone, anywhere, anytime—for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5368
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6871
msgid ""
"In 2008, while in a senior leadership role at WebAssign and looking at ways "
"to reduce the risk that came with relying on publishers, David Harris began "
"investigating open educational resources (OER) and discovered Connexions. A "
"year and a half later, Connexions received a grant to help grow the use of "
"OER so that it could meet the needs of students who couldn’t afford "
-"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became "
+"textbooks. David came on board to spearhead this effort. Connexions became "
"OpenStax CNX; the program to create open textbooks became OpenStax College, "
"now simply called OpenStax."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5378
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6882
msgid ""
"David brought with him a deep understanding of the best practices of "
"publishing along with where publishers have inefficiencies. In David’s view, "
"adoptions by faculty and students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5387
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6900
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6894
msgid ""
"In 2012, OpenStax College launched as a nonprofit with the aim of producing "
"high-quality, peer-reviewed full-color textbooks that would be available for "
"free for the twenty-five most heavily attended college courses in the "
-"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
+"nation. Today they are fast approaching that number. There is data that "
"proves the success of their original hypothesis on how many students they "
-"could help and how much money they could help save.1 Professionally produced "
-"content scales rapidly. All with no sales force!"
+"could help and how much money they could help save.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Professionally produced content scales "
+"rapidly. All with no sales force!"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5395
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6904
msgid ""
"OpenStax textbooks are all Attribution (CC BY) licensed, and each textbook "
"is available as a PDF, an e-book, or web pages. Those who want a physical "
"librarians about these textbooks and to advocate for their use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5402
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6913
msgid ""
"Teachers are invited to try out a single chapter from one of the textbooks "
"with students. If that goes well, they’re encouraged to adopt the entire "
"chapters, make changes, and customize any book to fit their needs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5407
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6921
msgid ""
"Any teacher can post corrections, suggest examples for difficult concepts, "
"or volunteer as an editor or author. As many teachers also want supplemental "
"presentations, test banks, answer keys, and so on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5412
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6932
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://openstax.org/adopters\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6928
msgid ""
"Institutions can stand out by offering students a lower-cost education "
"through the use of OpenStax textbooks; there’s even a textbook-savings "
"calculator they can use to see how much students would save. OpenStax keeps "
-"a running list of institutions that have adopted their textbooks.2"
+"a running list of institutions that have adopted their "
+"textbooks.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5417
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6935
msgid ""
"Unlike traditional publishers’ monolithic approach of controlling "
"intellectual property, distribution, and so many other aspects, OpenStax has "
"network of partners."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5426
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6941
msgid ""
"Up-front funding of a professionally produced all-color turnkey textbook is "
"expensive. For this part of their model, OpenStax relies on "
"to require philanthropic investment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5435
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6952
msgid ""
"However, ongoing operations will not rely on foundation grants but instead "
"on funds received through an ecosystem of over forty partners, whereby a "
"tutorial support. WebAssign resources are available to students for a fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5443
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6962
msgid ""
"Another example is Odigia, who has turned OpenStax books into interactive "
"learning experiences and created additional tools to measure and promote "
"student engagement. Odigia licenses its learning platform to "
"institutions. Partners like Odigia and WebAssign give a percentage of the "
-"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
+"revenue they earn back to OpenStax, as mission-support fees. OpenStax has "
"already published revisions of their titles, such as Introduction to "
"Sociology 2e, using these funds."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5453
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6972
msgid ""
"In David’s view, this approach lets the market operate at peak "
"efficiency. OpenStax’s partners don’t have to worry about developing "
"textbook content, freeing them up from those development costs and letting "
-"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
+"them focus on what they do best. With OpenStax textbooks available at no "
"cost, they can provide their services at a lower cost—not free, but still "
"saving students money. OpenStax benefits not only by receiving "
"mission-support fees but through free publicity and marketing. OpenStax "
"materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5459
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6984
msgid ""
"OpenStax’s cost of sales to acquire a single student is very, very low and "
"is a fraction of what traditional players in the market face. This year, "
"these findings with the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5468
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:6992
msgid ""
"While OpenStax books are available online for free, many students still want "
"a print copy. Through a partnership with a print and courier company, "
-"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of "
+"OpenStax offers a complete solution that scales. OpenStax sells tens of "
"thousands of print books. The price of an OpenStax sociology textbook is "
"about twenty-eight dollars, a fraction of what sociology textbooks usually "
"cost. OpenStax keeps the prices low but does aim to earn a small margin on "
"each book sold, which also contributes to ongoing operations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5479
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7002
msgid ""
-"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
+"Campus-based bookstores are part of the OpenStax solution. OpenStax "
"collaborates with NACSCORP (the National Association of College Stores "
-"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the stores. "
-"While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
-"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. "
-"Sometimes students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and "
-"use it to buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break "
-"the expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns "
-"policy. This is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles "
-"is virtually a hundred percent."
+"Corporation) to provide print versions of their textbooks in the "
+"stores. While the overall cost of the textbook is significantly less than a "
+"traditional textbook, bookstores can still make a profit on sales. Sometimes "
+"students take the savings they have from the lower-priced book and use it to "
+"buy other things in the bookstore. And OpenStax is trying to break the "
+"expensive behavior of excessive returns by having a no-returns policy. This "
+"is working well, since the sell-through of their print titles is virtually a "
+"hundred percent."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5486
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7015
msgid ""
"David thinks of the OpenStax model as “OER 2.0.” So what is OER 1.0? "
"Historically in the OER field, many OER initiatives have been locally funded "
"is reasonable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5497
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7023
msgid ""
"OER 2.0 is about OER intended to be used and adopted on a national level "
"right from the start. This requires a bigger investment up front but pays "
"to develop a book from scratch, a good example being their biology book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5512
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7036
msgid ""
"The process is similar for both models. First they look at the scope and "
"sequence of existing textbooks. They ask questions like what does the "
"customer need? Where are students having challenges? Then they identify "
"potential authors and put them through a rigorous evaluation—only one in ten "
-"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come "
+"authors make it through. OpenStax selects a team of authors who come "
"together to develop a template for a chapter and collectively write the "
"first draft (or revise it, in the acquisitions model). (OpenStax doesn’t do "
"books with just a single author as David says it risks the project going "
"longer than scheduled.) The draft is peer-reviewed with no less than three "
"reviewers per chapter. A second draft is generated, with artists producing "
-"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then "
+"illustrations and visuals to go along with the text. The book is then "
"copyedited to ensure grammatical correctness and a singular voice. Finally, "
"it goes into production and through a final proofread. The whole process is "
"very time-consuming."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5521
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7054
msgid ""
"All the people involved in this process are paid. OpenStax does not rely on "
"volunteers. Writers, reviewers, illustrators, and editors are all paid an "
"and they earn all the money up front."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7064
msgid ""
"David thinks of the Attribution license (CC BY) as the “innovation license.” "
"It’s core to the mission of OpenStax, letting people use their textbooks in "
"freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5538
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7073
msgid ""
"Using CC BY is also a good example of using strategies that traditional "
"publishers can’t. Traditional publishers rely on copyright to prevent others "
"from making copies and heavily invest in digital rights management to ensure "
-"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal "
-"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied "
+"their books aren’t shared. By using CC BY, OpenStax avoids having to deal "
+"with digital rights management and its costs. OpenStax books can be copied "
"and shared over and over again. CC BY changes the rules of engagement and "
"takes advantage of traditional market inefficiencies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5541
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7083
msgid ""
-"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive results. "
-"From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press kit:"
+"As of September 16, 2016, OpenStax has achieved some impressive "
+"results. From the OpenStax at a Glance fact sheet from their recent press "
+"kit:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7090
msgid "Books published: 23"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7095
msgid "Students who have used OpenStax: 1.6 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
-msgid "Money saved for students: \\$155 million"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7100
+msgid "Money saved for students: $155 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
-msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: \\$77 million"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7105
+msgid "Money saved for students in the 2016/17 academic year: $77 million"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '- '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5550
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7111
msgid ""
"Schools that have used OpenStax: 2,668 (This number reflects all "
"institutions using at least one OpenStax textbook. Out of 2,668 schools, 517 "
"colleges and universities outside the U.S.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5555
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7120
msgid ""
"While OpenStax has to date been focused on the United States, there is "
"overseas adoption especially in the science, technology, engineering, and "
"necessary precursor to international interest."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5561
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7127
msgid ""
"OpenStax has primarily focused on introductory-level college courses where "
"there is high enrollment, but they are starting to think about verticals—a "
"entire curriculum of a nursing degree, for example."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5571
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7135
msgid ""
"Finally, for OpenStax success is not just about the adoption of their "
"textbooks and student savings. There is a human aspect to the work that is "
"possible for every student who wants access to education to get it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
-msgid "news.rice.edu/files/2016/01/0119-OPENSTAX-2016Infographic-lg-1tahxiu.jpg"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5576
-msgid "openstax.org/adopters"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5578
-msgid "## Amanda Palmer"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7148
+msgid "Amanda Palmer"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5580
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7151
msgid "Amanda Palmer is a musician, artist, and writer. Based in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5582
-msgid "amandapalmer.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7155
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://amandapalmer.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5586
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7157
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: crowdfunding (subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, "
-"charging for physical copies (book and album sales), charg-ing for in-person "
-"version (performances), selling merchandise"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: crowdfunding "
+"(subscription-based), pay-what-you-want, charging for physical copies (book "
+"and album sales), charg-ing for in-person version (performances), selling "
+"merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5588
-msgid "Interview date: December 15, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7162
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 15, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5594
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7170
msgid ""
"Since the beginning of her career, Amanda Palmer has been on what she calls "
"a “journey with no roadmap,” continually experimenting to find new ways to "
"sustain her creative work. 1"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5600
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7175
msgid ""
"In her best-selling book, The Art of Asking, Amanda articulates exactly what "
-"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
+"she has been and continues to strive for—“the ideal sweet spot . . . in "
"which the artist can share freely and directly feel the reverberations of "
"their artistic gifts to the community, and make a living doing that.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5607
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7182
msgid ""
"While she seems to have successfully found that sweet spot for herself, "
"Amanda is the first to acknowledge there is no silver bullet. She thinks the "
-"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the "
+"digital age is both an exciting and frustrating time for creators. “On the "
"one hand, we have this beautiful shareability,” Amanda said. “On the other, "
"you’ve got a bunch of confused artists wondering how to make money to buy "
"food so we can make more art.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5619
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7191
msgid ""
"Amanda began her artistic career as a street performer. She would dress up "
"in an antique wedding gown, paint her face white, stand on a stack of milk "
"rent and put food on the table. Enough so I could keep making art.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5628
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7205
msgid ""
"Amanda has come a long way from her street-performing days, but her career "
"remains dominated by that same sentiment—finding ways to reach “her crowd” "
"for the masses was never what Amanda and the Dresden Dolls set out to do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5638
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7216
msgid ""
"After leaving the record label in 2008, she began experimenting with "
"different ways to make a living. She released music directly to the public "
"without involving a middle man, releasing digital files on a “pay what you "
-"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live "
-"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try "
+"want” basis and selling CDs and vinyl. She also made money from live "
+"performances and merchandise sales. Eventually, in 2012 she decided to try "
"her hand at the sort of crowdfunding we know so well today. Her Kickstarter "
-"project started with a goal of \\$100,000, and she made \\$1.2 million. It "
+"project started with a goal of $100,000, and she made $1.2 million. It "
"remains one of the most successful Kickstarter projects of all time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5648
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7228
msgid ""
"Today, Amanda has switched gears away from crowdfunding for specific "
"projects to instead getting consistent financial support from her fan base "
"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5663
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7239
msgid ""
"Making her music and art available under Creative Commons licensing "
"undoubtedly limits her options for how she makes a living. But sharing her "
"later going on and putting our music in a Camel cigarette ad,” Amanda "
"said. Once she discovered Creative Commons, adopting the licenses was an "
"easy decision because it gave them a more formal, standardized way of doing "
-"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
+"what they had been doing all along. The NonCommercial licenses were a "
"natural fit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5670
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7257
msgid ""
-"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
+"Amanda embraces the way her fans share and build upon her music. In The Art "
"of Asking, she wrote that some of her fans’ unofficial videos using her "
-"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather "
-"than seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got "
-"into this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said."
+"music surpass the official videos in number of views on YouTube. Rather than "
+"seeing this sort of thing as competition, Amanda celebrates it. “We got into "
+"this because we wanted to share the joy of music,” she said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5678
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7265
msgid ""
"This is symbolic of how nearly everything she does in her career is "
"motivated by a desire to connect with her fans. At the start of her career, "
"of them had also been in my kitchen,” Amanda wrote in The Art of Asking."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5688
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7274
msgid ""
"Even though her fan base is now huge and global, she continues to seek this "
"sort of human connection with her fans. She seeks out face-to-face contact "
"Amanda wrote."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5697
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7286
msgid ""
"Another part of the connection fans feel with Amanda is how much they know "
"about her life. Rather than trying to craft a public persona or image, she "
-"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about "
+"essentially lives her life as an open book. She has written openly about "
"incredibly personal events in her life, and she isn’t afraid to be "
"vulnerable. Having that kind of trust in her fans—the trust it takes to be "
"truly honest—begets trust from her fans in return. When she meets fans for "
"the first time after a show, they can legitimately feel like they know her."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5704
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7296
msgid ""
"“With social media, we’re so concerned with the picture looking palatable "
"and consumable that we forget that being human and showing the flaws and "
"exposing the vulnerability actually create a deeper connection than just "
-"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us "
+"looking fantastic,” Amanda said. “Everything in our culture is telling us "
"otherwise. But my experience has shown me that the risk of making yourself "
"vulnerable is almost always worth it.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5712
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7305
msgid ""
"Not only does she disclose intimate details of her life to them, she sleeps "
"on their couches, listens to their stories, cries with them. In short, she "
"friends—you share."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5720
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7315
msgid ""
"After years of investing time and energy into building trust with her fans, "
"she has a strong enough relationship with them to ask for support—through "
"your success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5727
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7325
msgid ""
"“When you openly, radically trust people, they not only take care of you, "
"they become your allies, your family,” she wrote. There really is a feeling "
"cultivated a feeling of belonging to their “weird little family.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5735
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7333
msgid ""
"This sort of intimacy with fans is not possible or even desirable for every "
"creator. “I don’t take for granted that I happen to be the type of person "
"joyful to you.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5746
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7342
msgid ""
"Yet while Amanda joyfully interacts with her fans and involves them in her "
"work as much as possible, she does keep one job primarily to herself—writing "
"strengthens with human connection."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5754
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7355
msgid ""
"For Amanda, the entire point of being an artist is to establish and maintain "
"this connection. “It sounds so corny,” she said, “but my experience in forty "
"someone tell you that what you do is genuinely of value to them.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5762
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7364
msgid ""
"As she explains it, when a fan gives her a ten-dollar bill, usually what "
"they are saying is that the money symbolizes some deeper value the music "
"provided them. For Amanda, art is not just a product; it’s a "
"relationship. Viewed from this lens, what Amanda does today is not that "
"different from what she did as a young street performer. She shares her "
-"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
+"music and other artistic gifts. She shares herself. And then rather than "
"forcing people to help her, she lets them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5766
-msgid "http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2015/04/16/amanda-palmer-uncut-the-kickstarter-queen-on-spotify-patreon-and-taylor-swift/\\#44e20ce46d67"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5768
-msgid "## PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7375
+msgid "PLOS (Public Library of Science)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5772
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7378
msgid ""
"PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit that publishes a library of "
-"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
+"academic journals and other scientific literature. Founded in 2000 in the "
"U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5774
-msgid "plos.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7383
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5777
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7385
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: charging content creators an author processing charge to be "
-"featured in the journal"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging content "
+"creators an author processing charge to be featured in the journal"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5779
-msgid "Interview date: March 7, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7389
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 7, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5781
-msgid "Interviewee: Louise Page, publisher"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7391
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Louise Page, publisher"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5795
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7399
msgid ""
"The Public Library of Science (PLOS) began in 2000 when three leading "
"scientists—Harold E. Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen—started an "
"under Attribution (CC BY) licenses."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5805
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7413
msgid ""
"Traditionally, academic publishing begins with an author submitting a "
"manuscript to a publisher. After in-house technical and ethical "
"considerations, the article is then peer-reviewed to determine if the "
-"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the "
+"quality of the work is acceptable for publishing. Once accepted, the "
"publisher takes the article through the process of copyediting, typesetting, "
-"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional "
+"and eventual publishing in a print or online publication. Traditional "
"journal publishers recover costs and earn profit by charging a subscription "
"fee to libraries or an access fee to users wanting to read the journal or "
"article."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5815
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7424
msgid ""
"For Louise Page, the current publisher of PLOS, this traditional model "
"results in inequity. Access is restricted to those who can pay. Most "
"field. It was time for a new model."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5825
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7436
msgid ""
"That new model became known as open access. That is, free and open "
"availability on the Internet. Open-access research articles are not behind a "
"paywall and do not require a login. A key benefit of open access is that it "
"allows people to freely use, copy, and distribute the articles, as they are "
-"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only "
+"primarily published under an Attribution (CC BY) license (which only "
"requires the user to provide appropriate attribution). And more importantly, "
"policy makers, clinicians, entrepreneurs, educators, and students around the "
"world have free and timely access to the latest research immediately on "
"publication."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5836
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7448
msgid ""
"However, open access requires rethinking the business model of research "
"publication. Rather than charge a subscription fee to access the journal, "
"PLOS decided to turn the model on its head and charge a publication fee, "
-"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by "
+"known as an article-processing charge. This up-front fee, generally paid by "
"the funder of the research or the author’s institution, covers the expenses "
"such as editorial oversight, peer-review management, journal production, "
"online hosting, and support for discovery. Fees are per article and are "
"on word length, figures, or other elements."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7460
msgid ""
"Calculating the article-processing charge involves taking all the costs "
"associated with publishing the journal and determining a cost per article "
"that collectively recovers costs. For PLOS’s journals in biology, medicine, "
"genetics, computational biology, neglected tropical diseases, and pathogens, "
-"the article-processing charge ranges from \\$2,250 to "
-"\\$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in "
-"2006, are just under \\$1,500."
+"the article-processing charge ranges from $2,250 to "
+"$2,900. Article-publication charges for PLOS ONE, a journal started in 2006, "
+"are just under $1,500."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5849
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7469
msgid ""
-"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to publication. "
-"Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for individuals and "
-"institutions to help authors who can’t afford the article-processing "
-"charges."
+"PLOS believes that lack of funds should not be a barrier to "
+"publication. Since its inception, PLOS has provided fee support for "
+"individuals and institutions to help authors who can’t afford the "
+"article-processing charges."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5864
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7475
msgid ""
"Louise identifies marketing as one area of big difference between PLOS and "
"traditional journal publishers. Traditional journals have to invest heavily "
"in staff, buildings, and infrastructure to market their journal and convince "
-"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools "
+"customers to subscribe. Restricting access to subscribers means that tools "
"for managing access control are necessary. They spend millions of dollars on "
-"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
+"access-control systems, staff to manage them, and sales staff. With PLOS’s "
"open-access publishing, there’s no need for these massive expenses; the "
"articles are free, open, and accessible to all upon "
"publication. Additionally, traditional publishers tend to spend more on "
"encourages other authors to submit their work for publication."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5871
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7492
msgid ""
"For Louise, PLOS would not exist without the Attribution license (CC "
"BY). This makes it very clear what rights are associated with the content "
"and provides a safe way for researchers to make their work available while "
-"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
+"ensuring they get recognition (appropriate attribution). For PLOS, all of "
"this aligns with how they think research content should be published and "
"disseminated."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5875
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7500
msgid ""
"PLOS also has a broad open-data policy. To get their research paper "
"published, PLOS authors must also make their data available in a public "
"repository and provide a data-availability statement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5883
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7505
msgid ""
"Business-operation costs associated with the open-access model still largely "
"follow the existing publishing model. PLOS journals are online only, but the "
"journals, as researchers have a choice about where to publish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5888
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7514
msgid ""
"Researchers are influenced by journal rankings, which reflect the place of a "
"journal within its field, the relative difficulty of being published in that "
"though they are relatively new."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5896
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7520
msgid ""
"The promotion and tenure of researchers are partially based how many times "
"other researchers cite their articles. Louise says when researchers want to "
"and generates more discovery and citations for authors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5903
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7529
msgid ""
"Louise believes that open access has been a huge success, progressing from a "
"movement led by a small cadre of researchers to something that is now "
"BioMed Central, the original open-access publisher, or anyone else."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5924
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7537
msgid ""
"PLOS further disrupted the traditional journal-publishing model by "
"pioneering the concept of a megajournal. The PLOS ONE megajournal, launched "
"larger than a traditional journal, publishing thousands of articles per year "
"and benefiting from economies of scale. PLOS ONE has a broad scope, covering "
"science and medicine as well as social sciences and the humanities. The "
-"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for "
+"review and editorial process is less subjective. Articles are accepted for "
"publication based on whether they are technically sound rather than "
"perceived importance or relevance. This is very important in the current "
"debate about the integrity and reproducibility of research because negative "
"or null results can then be published as well, which are generally rejected "
-"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online "
+"by traditional journals. PLOS ONE, like all the PLOS journals, is online "
"only with no print version. PLOS passes on the financial savings accrued "
"through economies of scale to researchers and the public by lowering the "
"article-processing charges, which are below that of other journals. PLOS ONE "
"multidisciplinary forums for publishing all sound science."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5928
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7561
msgid ""
"Louise outlined some other aspects of the research-journal business model "
"PLOS is experimenting with, describing each as a kind of slider that could "
"be adjusted to change current practice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5933
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7566
msgid ""
"One slider is time to publication. Time to publication may shorten as "
-"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
+"journals get better at providing quicker decisions to authors. However, "
"there is always a trade-off with scale, as the bigger the volume of "
"articles, the more time the approval process inevitably takes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5943
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7573
msgid ""
"Peer review is another part of the process that could change. It’s possible "
"to redefine what peer review actually is, when to review, and what "
"now, credit is limited to the publisher and author."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5948
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7585
msgid ""
"Louise says research with negative outcomes is almost as important as "
"positive results. If journals published more research with negative "
"the research wheel gets reinvented around the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5963
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7592
msgid ""
"Another adjustable practice is the sharing of articles at early preprint "
"stages. Publication of research in a peer-reviewed journal can take a long "
"practice of distributing pre-print documents that have not yet undergone "
"peer review. Preprints broaden the peer-review process, allowing authors to "
"receive early feedback from a wide group of peers, which can help revise and "
-"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints "
+"prepare the article for submission. Offsetting the advantages of preprints "
"are author concerns over ensuring their primacy of being first to come up "
-"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings "
-"the preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help "
-"researchers get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big "
-"challenge is that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on "
-"preprints."
+"with findings based on their research. Other researches may see findings the "
+"preprint author has not yet thought of. However, preprints help researchers "
+"get their discoveries out early and establish precedence. A big challenge is "
+"that researchers don’t have a lot of time to comment on preprints."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5971
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7610
msgid ""
"What constitutes a journal article could also change. The idea of a research "
-"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
+"article as printed, bound, and in a library stack is outdated. Digital and "
"online open up new possibilities, such as a living document evolving over "
"time, inclusion of audio and video, and interactivity, like discussion and "
"recommendations. Even the size of what gets published could change. With "
"article would undergo transformation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5983
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7624
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://collections.plos.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7628
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://plos.org/article-level-metrics\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7620
msgid ""
"As journals scale up, and new journals are introduced, more and more "
"information is being pushed out to readers, making the experience feel like "
"drinking from a fire hose. To help mitigate this, PLOS aggregates and "
-"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.1 It also "
-"offers something called Article-Level Metrics, which helps users assess "
-"research most relevant to the field itself, based on indicators like usage, "
-"citations, social bookmarking and dissemination activity, media and blog "
-"coverage, discussions, and ratings.2 Louise believes that the journal model "
-"could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user experience, "
-"including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
+"curates content from PLOS journals and their network of blogs.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It also offers something called Article-Level "
+"Metrics, which helps users assess research most relevant to the field "
+"itself, based on indicators like usage, citations, social bookmarking and "
+"dissemination activity, media and blog coverage, discussions, and "
+"ratings.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"1\"/> Louise believes that the "
+"journal model could evolve to provide a more friendly and interactive user "
+"experience, including a way for readers to communicate with authors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:5992
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7633
msgid ""
"The big picture for PLOS going forward is to combine and adjust these "
"experimental practices in ways that continue to improve accessibility and "
"dissemination of research, while ensuring its integrity and reliability. The "
-"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is not "
-"linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in "
+"ways they interlink are complex. The process of change and adjustment is "
+"not linear. PLOS sees itself as a very flexible publisher interested in "
"exploring all the permutations research-publishing can take, with authors "
"and readers who are open to experimentation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6000
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7643
msgid ""
"For PLOS, success is not about revenue. Success is about proving that "
"scientific research can be communicated rapidly and economically at scale, "
-"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it "
+"for the benefit of researchers and society. The CC BY license makes it "
"possible for PLOS to publish in a way that is unfettered, open, and fast, "
-"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two "
+"while ensuring that the authors get credit for their work. More than two "
"million scientists, scholars, and clinicians visit PLOS every month, with "
"more than 135,000 quality articles to peruse for free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6004
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7653
msgid ""
"Ultimately, for PLOS, its authors, and its readers, success is about making "
"research discoverable, available, and reproducible for the advancement of "
"science."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
-msgid "collections.plos.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6009
-msgid "plos.org/article-level-metrics"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6011
-msgid "## Rijksmuseum"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7659
+msgid "Rijksmuseum"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6014
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7662
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and history. "
-"Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
+"The Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national museum dedicated to art and "
+"history. Founded in 1800 in the Netherlands"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6016
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7666
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6020
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7668
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grants and government funding, charging for in-person version "
-"(museum admission), selling merchandise"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grants and government "
+"funding, charging for in-person version (museum admission), selling "
+"merchandise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6022
-msgid "Interview date: December 11, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7672
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 11, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6025
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7675
msgid ""
-"Interviewee: Lizzy Jongma, the data manager of the collections information "
-"department"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Lizzy Jongma, the data "
+"manager of the collections information department"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6041
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7683
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum, a national museum in the Netherlands dedicated to art and "
"history, has been housed in its current building since 1885. The monumental "
"of these circumstances emerged a new and more open model for the museum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6053
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7699
msgid ""
"By the time Lizzy Jongma joined the Rijksmuseum in 2011 as a data manager, "
-"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
+"staff were fed up with the situation the museum was in. They also realized "
"that even with the new and larger space, it still wouldn’t be able to show "
"very much of the whole collection—eight thousand of over one million works "
"representing just 1 percent. Staff began exploring ways to express "
"themselves, to have something to show for all of the work they had been "
-"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there "
+"doing. The Rijksmuseum is primarily funded by Dutch taxpayers, so was there "
"a way for the museum provide benefit to the public while it was closed? They "
"began thinking about sharing Rijksmuseum’s collection using information "
"technology. And they put up a card-catalog like database of the entire "
"collection online."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6061
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7713
msgid ""
"It was effective but a bit boring. It was just data. A hackathon they were "
"invited to got them to start talking about events like that as having "
"eventually led to why not put the whole collection online?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6073
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7724
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7722
msgid ""
"Then, Lizzy says, Europeana came along. Europeana is Europe’s digital "
-"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.1 As an online portal to "
-"museum collections all across Europe, Europeana had become an important "
-"online platform. In October 2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its "
-"public-domain mark as tools people could use to identify works as free of "
-"known copyright. Europeana was the first major adopter, using CC0 to release "
-"metadata about their collection and the public domain mark for millions of "
-"digital works in their collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially "
-"found this change in business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it "
-"stimulated even more discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow "
-"suit."
+"library, museum, and archive for cultural heritage.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> As an online portal to museum collections all "
+"across Europe, Europeana had become an important online platform. In October "
+"2010 Creative Commons released CC0 and its public-domain mark as tools "
+"people could use to identify works as free of known copyright. Europeana was "
+"the first major adopter, using CC0 to release metadata about their "
+"collection and the public domain mark for millions of digital works in their "
+"collection. Lizzy says the Rijksmuseum initially found this change in "
+"business practice a bit scary, but at the same time it stimulated even more "
+"discussion on whether the Rijksmuseum should follow suit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6084
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7736
msgid ""
"They realized that they don’t “own” the collection and couldn’t "
"realistically monitor and enforce compliance with the restrictive licensing "
"access meant the people they were frustrating the most were schoolkids."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6096
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7749
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum began making their digital photos of works known to "
"be free of copyright available online, using Creative Commons CC0 to place "
"overseas customers. The administrative costs often offset revenue, and "
"income above costs was relatively low. In addition, having to pay for an "
"image of a work in the public domain from a collection owned by the Dutch "
-"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating "
+"government (i.e., paid for by the public) was contentious and frustrating "
"for some. Lizzy says they had lots of fierce debates about what to do."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6106
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7763
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum changed its business model. They Creative Commons "
"licensed their highest-quality images and released them online for "
"online."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6119
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7774
msgid ""
"Releasing these high-quality images for free reduced the number of "
"poor-quality images that were proliferating. The high-quality image of "
"it in real life by visiting the actual museum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6126
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7789
msgid ""
"Every museum tends to be driven by the number of physical visitors. The "
"Rijksmuseum is primarily publicly funded, receiving roughly 70 percent of "
-"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must "
+"its operating budget from the government. But like many museums, it must "
"generate the rest of the funding through other means. The admission fee has "
"long been a way to generate revenue generation, including for the "
"Rijksmuseum."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6138
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7797
msgid ""
"As museums create a digital presence for themselves and put up digital "
"representations of their collection online, there’s frequently a worry that "
"from and this increases the museum’s visibility."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6145
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7817
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7811
msgid ""
"In 2011 the Rijksmuseum received €1 million from the Dutch lottery to create "
"a new web presence that would be different from any other museum’s. In "
"addition to redesigning their main website to be mobile friendly and "
"responsive to devices like the iPad, the Rijksmuseum also created the "
"Rijksstudio, where users and artists could use and do various things with "
-"the Rijksmuseum collection.2"
+"the Rijksmuseum collection.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6154
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7820
msgid ""
"The Rijksstudio gives users access to over two hundred thousand high-quality "
-"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
+"digital representations of masterworks from the collection. Users can zoom "
"in to any work and even clip small parts of images they like. Rijksstudio is "
-"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal "
+"a bit like Pinterest. You can “like” works and compile your personal "
"favorites, and you can share them with friends or download them free of "
"charge. All the images in the Rijksstudio are copyright and royalty free, "
"and users are encouraged to use them as they like, for private or even "
"commercial purposes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6159
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7831
msgid ""
"Users have created over 276,000 Rijksstudios, generating their own themed "
"virtual exhibitions on a wide variety of topics ranging from tapestries to "
"purposes including use for school exams."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6169
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7838
msgid ""
"Some contemporary artists who have works in the Rijksmuseum collection "
"contacted them to ask why their works were not included in the "
"to the public, but within limits the artists have specified."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6179
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7858
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7849
msgid ""
-"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
-"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
+"The Rijksmuseum believes that art stimulates entrepreneurial activity. The "
+"line between creative and commercial can be blurry. As Lizzy says, even "
"Rembrandt was commercial, making his livelihood from selling his "
"paintings. The Rijksmuseum encourages entrepreneurial commercial use of the "
-"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
+"images in Rijksstudio. They’ve even partnered with the DIY marketplace Etsy "
"to inspire people to sell their creations. One great example you can find on "
"Etsy is a kimono designed by Angie Johnson, who used an image of an "
"elaborate cabinet along with an oil painting by Jan Asselijn called The "
-"Threatened Swan.3"
+"Threatened Swan.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7862
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award\"/>; the 2014 "
+"award: <ulink url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014\"/>; "
+"the 2015 award: <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7874
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6192
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7861
msgid ""
"In 2013 the Rijksmuseum organized their first high-profile design "
-"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.4 With the call to action Make "
-"Your Own Masterpiece, the competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio "
-"images to make new creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and "
-"curators selects ten finalists and three winners. The final award comes with "
-"a prize of €10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 "
-"top-class entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through "
-"the Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a "
-"specific color scheme of a work of art.5 The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled "
-"with the results. Entries range from the fun to the weird to the "
-"inspirational. The third international edition of the Rijksstudio Award "
-"started in September 2016."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6196
+"competition, known as the Rijksstudio Award.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> With the call to action Make Your Own Masterpiece, the "
+"competition invites the public to use Rijksstudio images to make new "
+"creative designs. A jury of renowned designers and curators selects ten "
+"finalists and three winners. The final award comes with a prize of "
+"€10,000. The second edition in 2015 attracted a staggering 892 top-class "
+"entries. Some award winners end up with their work sold through the "
+"Rijksmuseum store, such as the 2014 entry featuring makeup based on a "
+"specific color scheme of a work of art.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"1\"/> The Rijksmuseum has been thrilled with the results. Entries "
+"range from the fun to the weird to the inspirational. The third "
+"international edition of the Rijksstudio Award started in September 2016."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7880
msgid ""
"For the next iteration of the Rijksstudio, the Rijksmuseum is considering an "
"upload tool, for people to upload their own works of art, and enhanced "
"social elements so users can interact with each other more."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6203
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7886
msgid ""
"Going with a more open business model generated lots of publicity for the "
"Rijksmuseum. They were one of the first museums to open up their collection "
"to three hundred thousand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6214
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7895
msgid ""
"The Rijksmuseum has been experimenting with other ways to invite the public "
"to look at and interact with their collection. On an international day "
"celebrating animals, they ran a successful bird-themed event. The museum put "
"together a showing of two thousand works that featured birds and invited "
-"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum "
+"bird-watchers to identify the birds depicted. Lizzy notes that while museum "
"curators know a lot about the works in their collections, they may not know "
"about certain details in the paintings such as bird species. Over eight "
"hundred different birds were identified, including a specific species of "
"painting."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6231
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7908
msgid ""
-"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came up "
-"with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things people "
-"might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not come "
-"true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great art.” "
-"Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things related to "
-"their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually bad at "
-"selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of money "
-"block something much bigger—the real value that the collection has. For "
-"Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
+"For the Rijksmuseum, adopting an open business model was scary. They came "
+"up with many worst-case scenarios, imagining all kinds of awful things "
+"people might do with the museum’s works. But Lizzy says those fears did not "
+"come true because “ninety-nine percent of people have respect for great "
+"art.” Many museums think they can make a lot of money by selling things "
+"related to their collection. But in Lizzy’s experience, museums are usually "
+"bad at selling things, and sometimes efforts to generate a small amount of "
+"money block something much bigger—the real value that the collection "
+"has. For Lizzy, clinging to small amounts of revenue is being penny-wise but "
"pound-foolish. For the Rijksmuseum, a key lesson has been to never lose "
-"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
+"sight of its vision for the collection. Allowing access to and use of their "
"collection has generated great promotional value—far more than the previous "
"practice of charging fees for access and use. Lizzy sums up their "
"experience: “Give away; get something in return. Generosity makes people "
"happy to join you and help out.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
-msgid "www.europeana.eu/portal/en"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
-msgid "www.etsy.com/ca/listing/175696771/fringe-kimono-silk-kimono-kimono-robe"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
-msgid ""
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award; the 2014 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2014; the 2015 award: "
-"www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio-award-2015"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '5. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6241
-msgid "www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/142328--nominees-rijksstudio-award/creaties/ba595afe-452d-46bd-9c8c-48dcbdd7f0a4"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6243
-msgid "## Shareable"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7928
+msgid "Shareable"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6246
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7931
msgid "Shareable is an online magazine about sharing. Founded in 2009 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6248
-msgid "www.shareable.net"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7935
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.shareable.net\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6251
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7937
msgid ""
-"Revenue model: grant funding, crowdfunding (project-based), donations, "
-"sponsorships"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: grant funding, "
+"crowdfunding (project-based), donations, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6253
-msgid "Interview date: February 24, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7940
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6255
-msgid "Interviewee: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder and executive editor"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7943
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Neal Gorenflo, cofounder "
+"and executive editor"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6266
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7951
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable faced an impasse. The nonprofit online publication had "
"helped start a sharing movement four years prior, but over time, they "
"principle."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6276
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7962
msgid ""
-"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
+"As an organization, Shareable decided to draw a line in the sand. In 2013, "
"the cofounder and executive editor Neal Gorenflo wrote an opinion piece in "
"the PandoDaily that charted Shareable’s new critical stance on the Silicon "
"Valley version of the sharing economy, while contrasting it with aspects of "
"it’s more that it risks dying as it gets absorbed by the ‘Borg.’”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6283
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7974
msgid ""
"Neal said their public critique of the corporate sharing economy defined "
"what Shareable was and is. He does not think the magazine would still be "
"the criticism that Airbnb and Uber are getting now.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6292
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7983
msgid ""
"Interestingly, impassioned supporters are only a small sliver of Shareable’s "
"total audience. Most are casual readers who come across a Shareable story "
"and continued to grow their audience."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6302
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:7994
msgid ""
"Shareable is a magazine, but the content they publish is a means to "
-"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
+"furthering their role as a leader and catalyst of a movement. Shareable "
"became a leader in the movement in 2009. “At that time, there was a sharing "
"movement bubbling beneath the surface, but no one was connecting the dots,” "
"Neal said. “We decided to step into that space and take on that role.” The "
"inequality, social isolation, and global warming."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6311
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8005
msgid ""
"They have worked hard to find ways to tell stories that show different "
"metrics for success. “We wanted to change the notion of what constitutes the "
"readers make changes in their own lives and communities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6323
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8016
msgid ""
"More than half of Shareable’s stories are written by paid journalists that "
"are contracted by the magazine. “Particularly in content areas that are a "
"priority for us, we really want to go deep and control the quality,” Neal "
"said. The rest of the content is either contributed by guest writers, often "
"for free, or written by other publications from their network of content "
-"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which "
+"publishers. Shareable is a member of the Post Growth Alliance, which "
"facilitates the sharing of content and audiences among a large and growing "
"group of mostly nonprofits. Each organization gets a chance to present "
"stories to the group, and the organizations can use and promote each other’s "
"Creative Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6335
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8030
msgid ""
"All of Shareable’s original content is published under the Attribution "
"license (CC BY), meaning it can be used for any purpose as long as credit is "
"we do.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6343
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8044
msgid ""
"In addition to their regular news and commentary online, Shareable has also "
"experimented with book publishing. In 2012, they worked with a traditional "
"on their website."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6348
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8054
msgid ""
"In 2016, Shareable self-published a book of curated Shareable stories called "
"How to: Share, Save Money and Have Fun. The book was available for sale, but "
-"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer "
+"a PDF version of the book was available for free. Shareable plans to offer "
"the book in upcoming fund-raising campaigns."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6356
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8061
msgid ""
"This recent book is one of many fund-raising experiments Shareable has "
"conducted in recent years. Currently, Shareable is primarily funded by "
"grants from foundations, but they are actively moving toward a more "
"diversified model. They have organizational sponsors and are working to "
-"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a "
+"expand their base of individual donors. Ideally, they will eventually be a "
"hundred percent funded by their audience. Neal believes being fully "
"community-supported will better represent their vision of the world."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6366
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8071
msgid ""
-"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This "
-"is true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We "
-"attract passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work "
-"so hard they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that "
-"another part of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you "
-"do something you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be "
-"on a great adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who "
-"look over the horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek "
-"the comfort of hearth and home.”"
+"For Shareable, success is very much about their impact on the world. This is "
+"true for Neal, but also for everyone who works for Shareable. “We attract "
+"passionate people,” Neal said. At times, that means employees work so hard "
+"they burn out. Neal tries to stress to the Shareable team that another part "
+"of success is having fun and taking care of yourself while you do something "
+"you love. “A central part of human beings is that we long to be on a great "
+"adventure with people we love,” he said. “We are a species who look over the "
+"horizon and imagine and create new worlds, but we also seek the comfort of "
+"hearth and home.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6375
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8083
msgid ""
"In 2013, Shareable ran its first crowdfunding campaign to launch their "
"Sharing Cities Network. Neal said at first they were on pace to fail "
"spectacularly. They called in their advisers in a panic and asked for "
"help. The advice they received was simple—“Sit your ass in a chair and start "
"making calls.” That’s exactly what they did, and they ended up reaching "
-"their \\$50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, "
-"but the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
+"their $50,000 goal. Neal said the campaign helped them reach new people, but "
+"the vast majority of backers were people in their existing base."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6381
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8093
msgid ""
"For Neal, this symbolized how so much of success comes down to "
"relationships. Over time, Shareable has invested time and energy into the "
-"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have "
+"relationships they have forged with their readers and supporters. They have "
"also invested resources into building relationships between their readers "
"and supporters."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6395
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8100
msgid ""
"Shareable began hosting events in 2010. These events were designed to bring "
"the sharing community together. But over time they realized they could reach "
"network to implement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6400
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8117
msgid ""
"Neal says Shareable stumbled upon this strategy, but it seems to perfectly "
-"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
+"encapsulate just how the commons is supposed to work. Rather than a "
"one-size-fits-all approach, Shareable puts the tools out there for people "
"take the ideas and adapt them to their own communities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6402
-msgid "## Siyavula"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8125
+msgid "Siyavula"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6406
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8128
msgid ""
"Siyavula is a for-profit educational-technology company that creates "
"textbooks and integrated learning experiences. Founded in 2012 in South "
"Africa."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6408
-msgid "www.siyavula.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8133
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6410
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for custom services, sponsorships"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8135
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for custom "
+"services, sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6412
-msgid "Interview date: April 5, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8138
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: April 5, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6414
-msgid "Interviewee: Mark Horner, CEO"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8140
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Mark Horner, CEO"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6422
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8147
msgid ""
"Openness is a key principle for Siyavula. They believe that every learner "
"and teacher should have access to high-quality educational resources, as "
-"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has "
-"been a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and "
-"science subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
+"this forms the basis for long-term growth and development. Siyavula has been "
+"a pioneer in creating high-quality open textbooks on mathematics and science "
+"subjects for grades 4 to 12 in South Africa."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6427
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8155
msgid ""
"In terms of creating an open business model that involves Creative Commons, "
"Siyavula—and its founder, Mark Horner—have been around the block a few "
"survive and prosper. Mark says it’s been very organic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6434
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8162
msgid ""
"It all started in 2002, when Mark and several other colleagues at the "
"University of Cape Town in South Africa founded the Free High School Science "
"colleagues set out to write them and make them freely available."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6442
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8173
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8170
msgid ""
"As physicists, Mark and his colleagues were advocates of open-source "
"software. To make the books open and free, they adopted the Free Software "
-"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.1 They chose LaTeX, a "
-"typesetting program used to publish scientific documents, to author the "
-"books. Over a period of five years, the Free High School Science Texts "
-"project produced math and physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
+"Foundation’s GNU Free Documentation License.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
+"id=\"0\"/> They chose LaTeX, a typesetting program used to publish "
+"scientific documents, to author the books. Over a period of five years, the "
+"Free High School Science Texts project produced math and physical-science "
+"textbooks for grades 10 to 12."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6449
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8179
msgid ""
"In 2007, the Shuttleworth Foundation offered funding support to make the "
-"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
+"textbooks available for trial use at more schools. Surveys before and after "
"the textbooks were adopted showed there were no substantial criticisms of "
"the textbooks’ pedagogical content. This pleased both the authors and "
"Shuttleworth; Mark remains incredibly proud of this accomplishment."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6454
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8187
msgid ""
"But the development of new textbooks froze at this stage. Mark shifted his "
"focus to rural schools, which didn’t have textbooks at all, and looked into "
"enough to meet the need."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6462
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8197
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.capetowndeclaration.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8193
msgid ""
"In 2007, Shuttleworth and the Open Society Institute convened a group of "
-"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
+"open-education activists for a small but lively meeting in Cape Town. One "
"result was the Cape Town Open Education Declaration, a statement of "
"principles, strategies, and commitment to help the open-education movement "
-"grow.2 Shuttleworth also invited Mark to run a project writing open content "
-"for all subjects for K–12 in English. That project became Siyavula."
+"grow.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Shuttleworth also invited "
+"Mark to run a project writing open content for all subjects for K–12 in "
+"English. That project became Siyavula."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6469
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8202
msgid ""
"They wrote six original textbooks. A small publishing company offered "
"Shuttleworth the option to buy out the publisher’s existing K–9 content for "
"significantly expanding the collection beyond the six original books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6482
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8210
msgid ""
"Mark wanted to build out the remaining curricula collaboratively through "
-"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. "
-"Although sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges "
-"when you create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It "
-"is standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but "
-"of course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
+"communities of practice—that is, with fellow educators and writers. Although "
+"sharing is fundamental to teaching, there can be a few challenges when you "
+"create educational resources collectively. One concern is legal. It is "
+"standard practice in education to copy diagrams and snippets of text, but of "
+"course this doesn’t always comply with copyright law. Another concern is "
"transparency. Sharing what you’ve authored means everyone can see it and "
"opens you up to criticism. To alleviate these concerns, Mark adopted a "
"team-based approach to authoring and insisted the curricula be based "
"were safe to share and free from legal repercussions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6490
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8229
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://cnx.org\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8225
msgid ""
"Not only did Mark want the resources to be shareable, he wanted all teachers "
"to be able to remix and edit the content. Mark and his team had to come up "
-"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up "
+"with an open editable format and provide tools for editing. They ended up "
"putting all the books they’d acquired and authored on a platform called "
-"Connexions.3 Siyavula trained many teachers to use Connexions, but it proved "
-"to be too complex and the textbooks were rarely edited."
+"Connexions.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Siyavula trained many "
+"teachers to use Connexions, but it proved to be too complex and the "
+"textbooks were rarely edited."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6496
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8233
msgid ""
"Then the Shuttleworth Foundation decided to completely restructure its work "
"as a foundation into a fellowship model (for reasons completely unrelated to "
"an independent entity and took ownership over it as a Shuttleworth fellow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6503
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8240
msgid ""
-"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They tried "
-"creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
+"Mark and his team experimented with several different strategies. They "
+"tried creating an authoring and hosting platform called Full Marks so that "
"teachers could share assessment items. They tried creating a service called "
"Open Press, where teachers could ask for open educational resources to be "
"aggregated into a package and printed for them. These services never really "
"panned out."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6510
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8248
msgid ""
"Then the South African government approached Siyavula with an interest in "
"printing out the original six Free High School Science Texts (math and "
-"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school students "
-"in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit discouraged by "
-"open educational resources, they saw this as a big opportunity."
+"physical-science textbooks for grades 10 to 12) for all high school "
+"students in South Africa. Although at this point Siyavula was a bit "
+"discouraged by open educational resources, they saw this as a big "
+"opportunity."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6518
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8256
msgid ""
"They began to conceive of the six books as having massive marketing "
"potential for Siyavula. Printing Siyavula books for every kid in South "
"to access them using any device—computer, tablet, or mobile phone."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6529
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8265
msgid ""
"Mark and his team began imagining what they could develop beyond what was in "
"the textbooks as a service they charge for. One key thing you can’t do well "
"in a printed textbook is demonstrate solutions. Typically, a one-line answer "
"is given at the end of the book but nothing on the process for arriving at "
-"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed "
+"that solution. Mark and his team developed practice items and detailed "
"solutions, giving learners plenty of opportunity to test out what they’ve "
"learned. Furthermore, an algorithm could adapt these practice items to the "
"individual needs of each learner. They called this service Intelligent "
"Practice and embedded links to it in the open textbooks."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6534
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8278
msgid ""
"The costs for using Intelligent Practice were set very low, making it "
"accessible even to those with limited financial means. Siyavula was going "
"targeting only the high end of the market."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6542
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8284
msgid ""
"The government distributed the books to 1.5 million students, but there was "
-"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
+"an unexpected wrinkle: the books were delivered late. Rather than wait, "
"schools who could afford it provided students with a different textbook. The "
"Siyavula books were eventually distributed, but with well-off schools mainly "
"using a different book, the primary market for Siyavula’s Intelligent "
"Practice service inadvertently became low-income learners."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6550
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8293
msgid ""
"Siyavula’s site did see a dramatic increase in traffic. They got five "
"hundred thousand visitors per month to their math site and the same number "
"to their science site. Two-fifths of the traffic was reading on a “feature "
-"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading "
+"phone” (a nonsmartphone with no apps). People on basic phones were reading "
"math and science on a two-inch screen at all hours of the day. To Mark, it "
"was quite amazing and spoke to a need they were servicing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6557
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8302
msgid ""
"At first, the Intelligent Practice services could only be paid using a "
"credit card. This proved problematic, especially for those in the low-income "
-"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a "
+"demographic, as credit cards were not prevalent. Mark says Siyavula got a "
"harsh business-model lesson early on. As he describes it, it’s not just "
"about product, but how you sell it, who the market is, what the price is, "
"and what the barriers to entry are."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6562
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8311
msgid ""
"Mark describes this as the first version of Siyavula’s business model: open "
"textbooks serving as marketing material and driving traffic to your site, "
"customer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6569
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8317
msgid ""
"For Mark a key decision for Siyavula’s business was to focus on how they can "
"add value on top of their basic service. They’ll charge only if they are "
"for the same content without adding value."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6579
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8326
msgid ""
"Version two of Siyavula’s business model was a big, ambitious idea—scale "
"up. They also decided to sell the Intelligent Practice service to schools "
"directly. Schools can subscribe on a per-student, per-subject basis. A "
"single subscription gives a learner access to a single subject, including "
-"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
+"practice content from every grade available for that subject. Lower "
"subscription rates are provided when there are over two hundred students, "
"and big schools have a price cap. A 40 percent discount is offered to "
"schools where both the science and math departments subscribe."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6587
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8337
msgid ""
"Teachers get a dashboard that allows them to monitor the progress of an "
"entire class or view an individual learner’s results. They can see the "
"points they’ve earned, and how their performance is improving."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6593
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8346
msgid ""
"Based on the success of this effort, Siyavula decided to substantially "
"increase the production of open educational resources so they could provide "
-"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to "
-"12 math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for "
+"the Intelligent Practice service for a wider range of books. Grades 10 to 12 "
+"math and science books were reworked each year, and new books created for "
"grades 4 to 6 and later grades 7 to 9."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6599
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8357
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8354
msgid ""
"In partnership with, and sponsored by, the Sasol Inzalo Foundation, Siyavula "
"produced a series of natural sciences and technology workbooks for grades 4 "
-"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.4 It’s a "
-"complete curriculum that also comes with teacher’s guides and other "
-"resources."
+"to 6 called Thunderbolt Kids that uses a fun comic-book style.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> It’s a complete curriculum that also comes with "
+"teacher’s guides and other resources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6607
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8361
msgid ""
"Through this experience, Siyavula learned they could get sponsors to help "
"fund openly licensed textbooks. It helped that Siyavula had by this time "
-"nailed the production model. It cost roughly \\$150,000 to produce a book in "
+"nailed the production model. It cost roughly $150,000 to produce a book in "
"two languages. Sponsors liked the social-benefit aspect of textbooks "
"unlocked via a Creative Commons license. They also liked the exposure their "
-"brand got. For roughly \\$150,000, their logo would be visible on books "
+"brand got. For roughly $150,000, their logo would be visible on books "
"distributed to over one million students."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6614
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8371
msgid ""
"The Siyavula books that are reviewed, approved, and branded by the "
"government are freely and openly available on Siyavula’s website under an "
"books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6623
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8379
msgid ""
"Although the South African government paid to print and distribute hard "
"copies of the books to schoolkids, Siyavula itself received no funding from "
"negotiation, the government said no."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6631
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8390
msgid ""
"Using Siyavula books generated huge savings for the government. Providing "
"students with a traditionally published grade 12 science or math textbook "
-"costs around 250 rand per book (about US\\$18). Providing the Siyavula "
-"version cost around 36 rand (about \\$2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per "
+"costs around 250 rand per book (about US$18). Providing the Siyavula "
+"version cost around 36 rand (about $2.60), a savings of over 200 rand per "
"book. But none of those savings were passed on to Siyavula. In retrospect, "
"Mark thinks this may have turned out in their favor as it allowed them to "
"remain independent from the government."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6638
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8400
msgid ""
"Just as Siyavula was planning to scale up the production of open textbooks "
"even more, the South African government changed its textbook policy. To save "
"costs, the government declared there would be only one authorized textbook "
"for each grade and each subject. There was no guarantee that Siyavula’s "
-"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
+"would be chosen. This scared away potential sponsors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6647
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8408
msgid ""
"Rather than producing more textbooks, Siyavula focused on improving its "
"Intelligent Practice technology for its existing books. Mark calls this "
"today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6652
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8419
msgid ""
"Mark says sales are way up, and they are really nailing Intelligent "
"Practice. Schools continue to use their open textbooks. The "
"subject turned out to be highly contentious and is in limbo."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6659
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8426
msgid ""
-"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. "
-"These include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over "
-"the phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in "
+"Siyavula is exploring a range of enhancements to their business model. These "
+"include charging a small amount for assessment services provided over the "
+"phone, diversifying their market to all English-speaking countries in "
"Africa, and setting up a consortium that makes Intelligent Practice free to "
"all kids by selling the nonpersonal data Intelligent Practice collects."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6672
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8434
msgid ""
-"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
+"Siyavula is a for-profit business but one with a social mission. Their "
"shareholders’ agreement lists lots of requirements around openness for "
"Siyavula, including stipulations that content always be put under an open "
"license and that they can’t charge for something that people volunteered to "
"block a few times, but both he and the company are stronger for it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-msgid "www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8450
+msgid "SparkFun"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-msgid "www.capetowndeclaration.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '3. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-msgid "cnx.org"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '4. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6679
-msgid "www.siyavula.com/products-primary-school.html"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6681
-msgid "## SparkFun"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6684
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8453
msgid ""
"SparkFun is an online electronics retailer specializing in open "
"hardware. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6686
-msgid "www.sparkfun.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8457
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.sparkfun.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6688
-msgid "Revenue model: charging for physical copies (electronics sales)"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8459
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: charging for physical "
+"copies (electronics sales)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6690
-msgid "Interview date: February 29, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8462
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: February 29, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6692
-msgid "Interviewee: Nathan Seidle, founder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8465
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Nathan Seidle, founder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6700
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8473
msgid ""
"SparkFun founder and former CEO Nathan Seidle has a picture of himself "
"holding up a clone of a SparkFun product in an electronics market in China, "
"was glee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6705
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8480
msgid ""
"“Being copied is the greatest earmark of flattery and success,” Nathan "
"said. “I thought it was so cool that they were selling to a market we were "
"world.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6713
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8486
msgid ""
"This worldview runs through everything SparkFun does. SparkFun is an "
"electronics manufacturer. The company sells its products directly to the "
"their products on their own. Being copied is part of the design."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6721
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8495
msgid ""
"Nathan believes open licensing is good for the world. “It touches on our "
"natural human instinct to share,” he said. But he also strongly believes it "
"design, or what most commonly consider their intellectual property."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6725
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8504
msgid ""
"“We compete on business principles,” Nathan said. “Claiming your territory "
"with intellectual property allows you to get comfy and rest on your "
"laurels. It gives you a safety net. We took away that safety net.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6733
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8510
msgid ""
"The result is an intense company-wide focus on product development and "
"improvement. “Our products are so much better than they were five years "
"better for the customers.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6741
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8520
msgid ""
"SparkFun parts are available on eBay for lower prices. But people come "
"directly to SparkFun because SparkFun makes their lives easier. The example "
"code works; there is a service number to call; they ship replacement parts "
"the day they get a service call. They invest heavily in service and "
"support. “I don’t believe businesses should be competing with IP "
-"\\[intellectual property\\] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
+"[intellectual property] barriers,” Nathan said. “This is the stuff they "
"should be competing on.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6750
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8529
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s company history began in Nathan’s college dorm room. He spent a "
"lot of time experimenting with and building electronics, and he realized "
"there was a void in the market. “If you wanted to place an order for "
"something,” he said, “you first had to search far and wide to find it, and "
"then you had to call or fax someone.” In 2003, during his third year of "
-"college, he registered sparkfun.com and started reselling products out of "
-"his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making and selling his own "
-"products."
+"college, he registered <ulink url=\"http://sparkfun.com\"/> and started "
+"reselling products out of his bedroom. After he graduated, he started making "
+"and selling his own products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6757
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8540
msgid ""
"Once he started designing his own products, he began putting the software "
-"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
+"and schematics online to help with technical support. After doing some "
"research on licensing options, he chose Creative Commons licenses because he "
"was drawn to the “human-readable deeds” that explain the licensing terms in "
"simple terms. SparkFun still uses CC licenses for all of the schematics and "
"firmware for the products they create."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6764
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8549
msgid ""
"The company has grown from a solo project to a corporation with 140 "
-"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned \\$33 million in revenue. Selling "
+"employees. In 2015, SparkFun earned $33 million in revenue. Selling "
"components and widgets to hobbyists, professionals, and artists remains a "
"major part of SparkFun’s business. They sell their own products, but they "
"also partner with Arduino (also profiled in this book) by manufacturing "
"boards for resale using Arduino’s brand."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6771
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8558
msgid ""
"SparkFun also has an educational department dedicated to creating a hands-on "
"curriculum to teach students about electronics using prototyping "
"business."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6775
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8566
msgid ""
"“We have the burden and opportunity to educate the next generation of "
"technical citizens,” Nathan said. “Our goal is to affect the lives of three "
"hundred and fifty thousand high school students by 2020.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6784
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8572
msgid ""
"The Creative Commons license underlying all of SparkFun’s products is "
"central to this mission. The license not only signals a willingness to "
"share, but it also expresses a desire for others to get in and tinker with "
-"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun "
+"their products, both to learn and to make their products better. SparkFun "
"uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license (CC BY-SA), which is a “copyleft” "
"license that allows people to do anything with the content as long as they "
"provide credit and make any adaptations available under the same licensing "
"terms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6793
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8583
msgid ""
"From the beginning, Nathan has tried to create a work environment at "
"SparkFun that he himself would want to work in. The result is what appears "
"they open their doors to the public for a competition once a year."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6804
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8594
msgid ""
"The public event, called the Autonomous Vehicle Competition, brings in a "
"thousand to two thousand customers and other technology enthusiasts from "
"a human element, which makes it more meaningful."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6812
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8608
msgid ""
"Nathan has worked hard to imbue a deeper meaning into the work SparkFun "
"does. The company is, of course, focused on being fiscally responsible, but "
"they are ultimately driven by something other than money. “Profit is not the "
-"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on "
+"goal; it is the outcome of a well-executed plan,” Nathan said. “We focus on "
"having a bigger impact on the world.” Nathan believes they get some of the "
"brightest and most amazing employees because they aren’t singularly focused "
"on the bottom line."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6818
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8618
msgid ""
"The company is committed to transparency and shares all of its financials "
"with its employees. They also generally strive to avoid being another "
"unchanging content."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6828
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8625
msgid ""
"SparkFun’s customer base is largely made up of industrious electronics "
"enthusiasts. They have customers who are regularly involved in the company’s "
"customer support, independently responding to questions in forums and "
-"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
+"product-comment sections. Customers also bring product ideas to the "
"company. SparkFun regularly sifts through suggestions from customers and "
"tries to build on them where they can. “From the beginning, we have been "
-"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
+"listening to the community,” Nathan said. “Customers would identify a pain "
"point, and we would design something to address it.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6836
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8637
msgid ""
"However, this sort of customer engagement does not always translate to "
-"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
+"people actively contributing to SparkFun’s projects. The company has a "
"public repository of software code for each of its devices online. On a "
"particularly active project, there will only be about two dozen people "
"contributing significant improvements. The vast majority of projects are "
"open-source it, they will come,” Nathan said. “That’s not really true.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6844
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8648
msgid ""
"Rather than focusing on cocreation with their customers, SparkFun instead "
"focuses on enabling people to copy, tinker, and improve products on their "
"and then build their own circuit boards from our designs,” Nathan said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6856
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8657
msgid ""
"Obviously, opening up the design of their products is a necessary step if "
"their goal is to empower the public. Nathan also firmly believes it makes "
"kind of company they set out to be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6858
-msgid "## TeachAIDS"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8671
+msgid "TeachAIDS"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6862
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8674
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a nonprofit that creates educational materials designed to "
-"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
+"teach people around the world about HIV and AIDS. Founded in 2005 in the "
"U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6864
-msgid "teachaids.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8679
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://teachaids.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6866
-msgid "Revenue model: sponsorships"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8681
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: sponsorships"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6868
-msgid "Interview date: March 24, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8683
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: March 24, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6870
-msgid "Interviewees: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8686
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Piya Sorcar, the CEO, and "
+"Shuman Ghosemajumder, the chair"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6877
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8694
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is an unconventional media company with a conventional revenue "
-"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by advertising. "
-"Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational materials "
-"TeachAIDS distributes."
+"model. Like most media companies, they are subsidized by "
+"advertising. Corporations pay to have their logos appear on the educational "
+"materials TeachAIDS distributes."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6888
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8700
msgid ""
"But unlike most media companies, Teach-AIDS is a nonprofit organization with "
"a purely social mission. TeachAIDS is dedicated to educating the global "
"license."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6906
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8713
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is a labor of love for founder and CEO Piya Sorcar, who earns a "
"salary of one dollar per year from the nonprofit. The project grew out of "
"receiving bits and pieces of information."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6916
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8733
msgid ""
"In late 2005, Piya and her team used research-based design to create new "
"educational materials and worked with local partners in India to help "
"Piya said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6920
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8745
msgid ""
"Very shortly after the initial release, Piya’s team decided to spin the "
"endeavor into an independent nonprofit out of Stanford University. They also "
"decided to use Creative Commons licenses on the materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6933
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8751
msgid ""
"Given their educational mission, TeachAIDS had an obvious interest in seeing "
"the materials as widely shared as possible. But they also needed to preserve "
-"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the "
+"the integrity of the medical information in the content. They chose the "
"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license (CC BY-NC-ND), which essentially "
"gives the public the right to distribute only verbatim copies of the "
"content, and for noncommercial purposes. “We wanted attribution for "
"worldwide while preserving our content and protecting us at the same time.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6940
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8766
msgid ""
"Choosing a license that does not allow adaptation of the content was an "
"outgrowth of the careful precision with which TeachAIDS crafts their "
"drives everything we do.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6947
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8774
msgid ""
"One important finding was that people accept the message best when it comes "
"from familiar voices they trust and admire. To achieve this, TeachAIDS "
"version of the materials."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6960
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8783
msgid ""
"Localization is probably the single-most important aspect of the way "
"TeachAIDS creates its content. While each regional version builds from the "
"are more likely to accept information from someone of the same gender."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6974
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8798
msgid ""
"The localization process relies heavily on volunteers. Their volunteer base "
"is deeply committed to the cause, and the organization has had better luck "
"cycle eleven times."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:6991
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8814
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS employs full-time employees, contractors, and volunteers, all in "
"different capacities and organizational configurations. They are careful to "
"use people from diverse backgrounds to create the materials, including "
"teachers, students, and doctors, as well as individuals experienced in "
"working in the NGO space. This diversity and breadth of knowledge help "
-"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of "
-"life. Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors "
-"to help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The "
-"inclusive, but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by "
-"people who are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, "
-"rather than ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to "
-"require zero training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, "
-"we found we can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, "
-"even if they have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials "
-"where you can push play and they will work.”"
+"ensure their materials resonate with people from all walks of life. "
+"Additionally, TeachAIDS works closely with film writers and directors to "
+"help keep the concepts entertaining and easy to understand. The inclusive, "
+"but highly controlled, creative process is undertaken entirely by people who "
+"are specifically brought on to help with a particular project, rather than "
+"ongoing staff. The final product they create is designed to require zero "
+"training for people to implement in practice. “In our research, we found we "
+"can’t depend on people passing on the information correctly, even if they "
+"have the best of intentions,” Piya said. “We need materials where you can "
+"push play and they will work.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7002
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8833
msgid ""
"Piya’s team was able to produce all of these versions over several years "
"with a head count that never exceeded eight full-time employees. The "
"organization is able to reduce costs by relying heavily on volunteers and "
"in-kind donations. Nevertheless, the nonprofit needed a sustainable revenue "
"model to subsidize content creation and physical distribution of the "
-"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
+"materials. Charging even a low price was simply not an option. “Educators "
"from various nonprofits around the world were just creating their own "
"materials using whatever they could find for free online,” Shuman said. “The "
"only way to persuade them to use our highly effective model was to make it "
"completely free.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7011
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8846
msgid ""
"Like many content creators offering their work for free, they settled on "
"advertising as a funding model. But they were extremely careful not to let "
"remains branded as TeachAIDS."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7019
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8857
msgid ""
"TeachAIDS is careful not to seek funding to cover the costs of a specific "
"project. Instead, sponsorships are structured as unrestricted donations to "
"the nonprofit. This gives the nonprofit more stability, but even more "
"importantly, it enables them to subsidize projects being localized for an "
-"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could "
+"area with no sponsors. “If we just created versions based on where we could "
"get sponsorships, we would only have materials for wealthier countries,” "
"Shuman said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7030
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8867
msgid ""
"As of 2016, TeachAIDS has dozens of sponsors. “When we go into a new "
"country, various companies hear about us and reach out to us,” Piya "
"benefit a brand for many years to come."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7037
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8880
msgid ""
"Importantly, the value to corporate sponsors goes beyond commercial "
"considerations. As a nonprofit with a clearly articulated social mission, "
"initiatives."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7044
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8889
msgid ""
"The core mission of TeachAIDS—ensuring global access to life-saving "
"education—is at the root of everything the organization does. It underpins "
"changer for TeachAIDS,” Piya said."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7046
-msgid "## Tribe of Noise"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8899
+msgid "Tribe of Noise"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7050
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8902
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise is a for-profit online music platform serving the film, TV, "
"video, gaming, and in-store-media industries. Founded in 2008 in the "
"Netherlands."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7052
-msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8907
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7056
-msgid "Interview date: January 26, 2016"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8912
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: January 26, 2016"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7058
-msgid "Interviewee: Hessel van Oorschot, cofounder"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8915
+msgid ""
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewee</emphasis>: Hessel van Oorschot, "
+"cofounder"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7068
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8923
msgid ""
"In the early 2000s, Hessel van Oorschot was an entrepreneur running a "
"business where he coached other midsize entrepreneurs how to create an "
"online business. He also coauthored a number of workbooks for small- to "
-"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the Web. "
-"Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of open "
-"licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative Commons."
+"medium-size enterprises to use to optimize their business for the "
+"Web. Through this early work, Hessel became familiar with the principles of "
+"open licensing, including the use of open-source software and Creative "
+"Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7076
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8932
msgid ""
"In 2005, Hessel and Sandra Brandenburg launched a niche video-production "
"initiative. Almost immediately, they ran into issues around finding and "
"holder was not readily available."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7084
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8942
msgid ""
"They hired two lawyers to investigate further, and while they uncovered five "
"or six examples, Hessel found the business models lacking. The lawyers "
"a platform."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7090
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8952
msgid ""
"Building a platform posed a real chicken-and-egg problem. The platform had "
"to build an online community of music-rights holders and, at the same time, "
"trust relationship."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7097
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8959
msgid ""
"In July 2008, Tribe of Noise opened its virtual doors with a couple hundred "
"musicians willing to use the CC BY-SA license (Attribution-ShareAlike) for a "
-"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the "
+"limited part of their repertoire. The two entrepreneurs wanted to take the "
"pain away for media makers who wanted to license music and solve the "
"problems the two had personally experienced finding this music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7105
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8974
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.instoremusicservice.com\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8967
msgid ""
"As they were growing the community, Hessel got a phone call from a company "
"that made in-store music playlists asking if they had enough music licensed "
-"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
+"with Creative Commons that they could use. Stores need quality, "
"good-listening music but not necessarily hits, a bit like a radio show "
"without the DJ. This opened a new opportunity for Tribe of Noise. They "
"started their In-store Music Service, using music (licensed with CC BY-SA) "
-"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.1"
+"uploaded by the Tribe of Noise community of musicians.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7123
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8977
msgid ""
"In most countries, artists, authors, and musicians join a collecting society "
-"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
+"that manages the licensing and helps collect the royalties. Copyright "
"collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their "
"respective national markets. In addition, they require their members to "
-"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. This "
-"complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent artists, "
-"or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal team reached "
-"out to collecting societies, starting with those in the Netherlands. What "
-"would be the best legal way forward that would respect the wishes of "
-"composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new models like "
-"the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were hesitant and "
-"said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they primarily work with "
-"unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of the world where they "
-"don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and this convinced them "
-"that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still fighting for a good "
-"cause every single day.”"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7134
+"transfer exclusive administration rights to them of all of their works. "
+"This complicates the picture for Tribe of Noise, who wants to represent "
+"artists, or at least a portion of their repertoire. Hessel and his legal "
+"team reached out to collecting societies, starting with those in the "
+"Netherlands. What would be the best legal way forward that would respect the "
+"wishes of composers and musicians who’d be interested in trying out new "
+"models like the In-store Music Service? Collecting societies at first were "
+"hesitant and said no, but Tribe of Noise persisted arguing that they "
+"primarily work with unknown artists and provide them exposure in parts of "
+"the world where they don’t get airtime normally and a source of revenue—and "
+"this convinced them that it was OK. However, Hessel says, “We are still "
+"fighting for a good cause every single day.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:8998
msgid ""
"Instead of building a large sales force, Tribe of Noise partnered with big "
"organizations who have lots of clients and can act as a kind of Tribe of "
"Noise reseller. The largest telecom network in the Netherlands, for example, "
"sells Tribe’s In-store Music Service subscriptions to their business "
-"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a "
+"clients, which include fashion retailers and fitness centers. They have a "
"similar deal with the leading trade association representing hotels and "
"restaurants in the country. Hessel hopes to “copy and paste” this service "
"into other countries where collecting societies understand what you can do "
"happened in Scandinavia, Belgium, and the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7141
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9011
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise doesn’t pay the musicians up front; they get paid when their "
"music ends up in Tribe of Noise’s in-store music channels. The musicians’ "
"share is 42.5 percent. It’s not uncommon in a traditional model for the "
"artist to get only 5 to 10 percent, so a share of over 40 percent is a "
-"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their website:"
+"significantly better deal. Here’s how they give an example on their "
+"website:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9027
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://www.tribeofnoise.com/info_instoremusic.php\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7150
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9019
msgid ""
-"A few of your songs \\[licensed with CC BY-SA\\], for example five in total, "
-"are selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
+"A few of your songs [licensed with CC BY-SA], for example five in total, are "
+"selected for a bespoke in-store music channel broadcasting at a large "
"retailer with 1,000 stores nationwide. In this case the overall playlist "
-"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license "
-"fee agreed with this retailer is US\\$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% "
-"is shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
-"you end up with US\\$12 \\* 1000 stores \\* 0.425 \\* 0.0143 = US\\$73 per "
-"month.2"
+"contains 350 songs so the musician’s share is 5/350 = 1.43%. The license fee "
+"agreed with this retailer is US$12 per month per play-out. So if 42.5% is "
+"shared with the Tribe musicians in this playlist and your share is 1.43%, "
+"you end up with US$12 * 1000 stores * 0.425 * 0.0143 = US$73 per "
+"month.<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7159
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9030
msgid ""
-"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
+"Tribe of Noise has another model that does not involve Creative Commons. In "
"a survey with members, most said they liked the exposure using Creative "
"Commons gets them and the way it lets them reach out to others to share and "
"remix. However, they had a bit of a mental struggle with Creative Commons "
-"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
+"licenses being perpetual. A lot of musicians have the mind-set that one day "
"one of their songs may become an overnight hit. If that happened the CC "
"BY-SA license would preclude them getting rich off the sale of that song."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7168
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9041
msgid ""
"Hessel’s legal team took this feedback and created a second model and "
"separate area of the platform called Tribe of Noise Pro. Songs uploaded to "
"reuse their song for a better deal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7175
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9052
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise Pro is primarily geared toward media makers who are looking "
"for music. If they buy a license from this catalog, they don’t have to state "
"the name of the creator; they just license the song for a specific "
-"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
+"amount. This is a big plus for media makers. And musicians can pull their "
"repertoire at any time. Hessel sees this as a more direct and clean deal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7180
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9060
msgid ""
"Lots of Tribe of Noise musicians upload songs to both Tribe of Noise Pro and "
"the community area of Tribe of Noises. There aren’t that many artists who "
"than the community area."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7187
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9066
msgid ""
"Hessel sees the two as complementary. Both are needed for the model to "
"work. With a whole generation of musicians interested in the sharing "
"more interested in exploring other models like Tribe of Noise Pro."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7196
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9074
msgid ""
"Every musician who joins Tribe of Noise gets their own home page and free "
"unlimited Web space to upload as much of their own music as they like. Tribe "
"them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7204
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9085
msgid ""
"Another way Tribe of Noise creates community and interest is with contests, "
"which are organized in partnership with Tribe of Noise clients. The client "
"need."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7215
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9095
msgid ""
"Tribe of Noise now has twenty-seven thousand members from 192 countries, and "
-"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
+"many are exploring do-it-yourself models for generating revenue. Some came "
"from music labels and publishers, having gone through the traditional way of "
"music licensing and now seeing if this new model makes sense for "
"them. Others are young musicians, who grew up with a DIY mentality and see "
"others with collecting societies like ASCAP or BMI."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7230
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9107
msgid ""
"It’s not uncommon for performance-rights organizations, record labels, or "
"music publishers to sign contracts with musicians based on exclusivity. Such "
"without litigation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7239
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9124
msgid ""
"For Hessel the key to Tribe of Noise’s success is trust. The fact that "
"Creative Commons licenses work the same way all over the world and have been "
"music, a model that’s based on trust."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
-msgid "www.instoremusicservice.com"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Bullet: '2. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7244
-msgid "www.tribeofnoise.com/info\\_instoremusic.php"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7246
-msgid "## Wikimedia Foundation"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9136
+msgid "Wikimedia Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7249
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9139
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is the nonprofit organization that hosts Wikipedia "
"and its sister projects. Founded in 2003 in the U.S."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7251
-msgid "wikimediafoundation.org"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9144
+msgid "<ulink url=\"http://wikimediafoundation.org\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7253
-msgid "Revenue model: donations"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9146
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Revenue model</emphasis>: donations"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7255
-msgid "Interview date: December 18, 2015"
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9148
+msgid "<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interview date</emphasis>: December 18, 2015"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7258
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><blockquote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9151
msgid ""
-"Interviewees: Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community Engagement, and "
-"Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
+"<emphasis role=\"strong\">Interviewees</emphasis>: Luis Villa, former Chief "
+"Officer of Community Engagement, and Stephen LaPorte, legal counsel"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7262
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9160
msgid "Nearly every person with an online presence knows Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7268
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9163
msgid ""
"In many ways, it is the preeminent open project: The online encyclopedia is "
"created entirely by volunteers. Anyone in the world can edit the "
"to reuse and adapt it for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7272
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9171
msgid ""
"As of December 2016, there were more than forty-two million articles in the "
"295 language editions of the online encyclopedia, according to—what "
"else?—the Wikipedia article about Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7284
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9176
msgid ""
"The Wikimedia Foundation is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization that owns "
"the Wikipedia domain name and hosts the site, along with many other related "
"particular organization."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7289
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9190
msgid ""
"As Wikimedia legal counsel Stephen LaPorte told us, “There is a common "
"saying that Wikipedia works in practice but not in theory.” While it "
"are a striking testament to the power of human collaboration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7296
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9197
msgid ""
"Because of its extraordinary breadth and scope, it does feel a bit like a "
-"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
+"unicorn. Indeed, there is nothing else like Wikipedia. Still, much of what "
"makes the projects successful—community, transparency, a strong mission, "
"trust—are consistent with what it takes to be successfully Made with "
"Creative Commons more generally. With Wikipedia, everything just happens at "
"an unprecedented scale."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7306
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9206
msgid ""
"The story of Wikipedia has been told many times. For our purposes, it is "
"enough to know the experiment started in 2001 at a small scale, inspired by "
"edits are made every hour."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7326
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9218
msgid ""
"The nature of the content the community creates is ideal for asynchronous "
"cocreation. “An encyclopedia is something where incremental community "
"improvement really works,” Luis Villa, former Chief Officer of Community "
"Engagement, told us. The rules and processes that govern cocreation on "
"Wikipedia and its sister projects are all community-driven and vary by "
-"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of their "
-"systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the rule "
-"that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
+"language edition. There are entire books written on the intricacies of "
+"their systems, but generally speaking, there are very few exceptions to the "
+"rule that anyone can edit any article, even without an account on their "
"system. The extensive peer-review process includes elaborate systems to "
"resolve disputes, methods for managing particularly controversial subject "
"areas, talk pages explaining decisions, and much, much more. The Wikimedia "
"Foundation’s decision to leave governance of the projects to the community "
"is very deliberate. “We look at the things that the community can do well, "
-"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
+"and we want to let them do those things,” Stephen told us. Instead, the "
"foundation focuses its time and resources on what the community cannot do as "
"effectively, like the software engineering that supports the technical "
"infrastructure of the sites. In 2015-16, about half of the foundation’s "
"budget went to direct support for the Wikimedia sites."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7339
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9241
msgid ""
"Some of that is directed at servers and general IT support, but the "
"foundation also invests a significant amount on architecture designed to "
-"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly "
+"help the site function as effectively as possible. “There is a constantly "
"evolving system to keep the balance in place to avoid Wikipedia becoming the "
-"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, "
+"world’s biggest graffiti wall,” Luis said. Depending on how you measure it, "
"somewhere between 90 to 98 percent of edits to Wikipedia are positive. Some "
"portion of that success is attributable to the tools Wikimedia has in place "
"to try to incentivize good actors. “The secret to having any healthy "
"just human nature.” Most of the time, people want to do the right thing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7350
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9256
msgid ""
"Wikipedia not only relies on good behavior within its community and on its "
-"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
+"sites, but also by everyone else once the content leaves Wikipedia. All of "
"the text of Wikipedia is available under an Attribution-ShareAlike license "
"(CC BY-SA), which means it can be used for any purpose and modified so long "
"as credit is given and anything new is shared back with the public under the "
"everyone.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7366
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para><footnote><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9280
+msgid ""
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/\"/>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9268
msgid ""
"Of course, the primary reason no one has successfully co-opted Wikipedia is "
"that copycat efforts do not have the Wikipedia community to sustain what "
"explanation. “In a movement as large as ours, there is an incredible "
"diversity of motivations,” Stephen said. For example, there is one editor of "
"the English Wikipedia edition who has corrected a single grammatical error "
-"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.1 Only a fraction of "
-"Wikipedia users are also editors. But editing is not the only way to "
-"contribute to Wikipedia. “Some donate text, some donate images, some donate "
-"financially,” Stephen told us. “They are all contributors.”"
+"in articles more than forty-eight thousand times.<placeholder "
+"type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> Only a fraction of Wikipedia users are also "
+"editors. But editing is not the only way to contribute to Wikipedia. “Some "
+"donate text, some donate images, some donate financially,” Stephen told "
+"us. “They are all contributors.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7374
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9286
msgid ""
"But the vast majority of us who use Wikipedia are not contributors; we are "
"passive readers. The Wikimedia Foundation survives primarily on individual "
-"donations, with about \\$15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the "
+"donations, with about $15 as the average. Because Wikipedia is one of the "
"ten most popular websites in terms of total page views, donations from a "
"small portion of that audience can translate into a lot of money. In the "
-"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than \\$77 million from more than "
-"five million donors."
+"2015-16 fiscal year, they received more than $77 million from more than five "
+"million donors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7383
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9296
msgid ""
"The foundation has a fund-raising team that works year-round to raise money, "
"but the bulk of their revenue comes in during the December campaign in "
"back. Every little bit helps. With enough eyeballs, they are right."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7391
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9307
msgid ""
"The vision of the Wikimedia Foundation is a world in which every single "
-"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
+"human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge. They work to "
"realize this vision by empowering people around the globe to create "
"educational content made freely available under an open license or in the "
"public domain. Stephen and Luis said the mission, which is rooted in the "
"does."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7396
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9316
msgid ""
"The philosophy behind the endeavor also enables the foundation to be "
"financially sustainable. It instills trust in their readership, which is "
"instills trust in their community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7401
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9322
msgid ""
"Any given edit on Wikipedia could be motivated by nearly an infinite number "
"of reasons. But the social mission of the project is what binds the global "
"an entire movement,” Stephen told us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7407
+#. type: Content of: <book><part><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9329
msgid ""
"Of course, what results from that movement is one of the Internet’s great "
"public resources. “The Internet has a lot of businesses and stores, but it "
"said. “Wikipedia has found a way to be that open public space.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Bullet: '1. '
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7411
-msgid "gimletmedia.com/episode/14-the-art-of-making-and-fixing-mistakes/"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9338
+msgid "Bibliography"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7413
-msgid "## Bibliography"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7418
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9340
msgid ""
"Alperovitz, Gar. What Then Must We Do? Straight Talk about the Next American "
"Revolution; Democratizing Wealth and Building a Community-Sustaining Economy "
"from the Ground Up. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7422
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9346
msgid ""
"Anderson, Chris. Free: How Today’s Smartest Businesses Profit by Giving "
"Something for Nothing, reprint with new preface. New York: Hyperion, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7424
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9351
msgid "———. Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Signal, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7427
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9354
msgid ""
"Ariely, Dan. Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our "
"Decisions. Rev. ed. New York: Harper Perennial, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7430
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9358
msgid ""
"Bacon, Jono. The Art of Community. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, "
"2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7435
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9362
msgid ""
"Benkler, Yochai. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms "
-"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. "
-"www.benkler.org/Benkler\\_Wealth\\_Of\\_Networks.pdf (licensed under CC "
-"BY-NC-SA)."
+"Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf\"/> (licensed "
+"under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7440
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9369
msgid ""
"Benyayer, Louis-David, ed. Open Models: Business Models of the Open "
-"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. "
-"www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892 (licensed under CC "
-"BY-SA)."
+"Economy. Cachan, France: Without Model, 2016. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.slideshare.net/WithoutModel/open-models-book-64463892\"/> "
+"(licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7445
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9375
msgid ""
"Bollier, David. Commoning as a Transformative Social Paradigm. Paper "
"commissioned by the Next Systems Project. Washington, DC: Democracy "
-"Collaborative, 2016. "
-"thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/."
+"Collaborative, 2016. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://thenextsystem.org/commoning-as-a-transformative-social-paradigm/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7448
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9381
msgid ""
"———. Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the "
"Commons. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7456
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9385
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Pat Conaty. Democratic Money and Capital for the "
"Commons: Strategies for Transforming Neoliberal Finance through "
"Commons-Based Alternatives. A report on a Commons Strategies Group Workshop "
"in cooperation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation, Berlin, Germany, 2015. "
-"bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf. For more "
-"information, see bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons."
+"<ulink "
+"url=\"http://bollier.org/democratic-money-and-capital-commons-report-pdf\"/>. "
+"For more information, see <ulink "
+"url=\"http://bollier.org/blog/democratic-money-and-capital-commons\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7459
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9395
msgid ""
"Bollier, David, and Silke Helfrich, eds. The Wealth of the Commons: A World "
"Beyond Market and State. Amherst, MA: Levellers Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7462
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9399
msgid ""
"Botsman, Rachel, and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of "
"Collaborative Consumption. New York: Harper Business, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7465
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9403
msgid ""
-"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
+"Boyle, James. The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind. New "
"Haven: Yale University Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7467
-msgid "www.thepublicdomain.org/download/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9406
+msgid ""
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.thepublicdomain.org/download/\"/> (licensed under CC "
+"BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7471
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9410
msgid ""
"Capra, Fritjof, and Ugo Mattei. The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in "
"Tune with Nature and Community. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7474
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9415
msgid ""
"Chesbrough, Henry. Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation "
"Landscape. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7477
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9419
msgid ""
"———. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from "
"Technology. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2006."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7483
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9423
msgid ""
"City of Bologna. Regulation on Collaboration between Citizens and the City "
"for the Care and Regeneration of Urban Commons. Translated by LabGov "
"(LABoratory for the GOVernance of Commons). Bologna, Italy: City of Bologna, "
-"2014). "
-"www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf."
+"2014). <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.labgov.it/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/Bologna-Regulation-on-collaboration-between-citizens-and-the-city-for-the-cure-and-regeneration-of-urban-commons1.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7487
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9430
msgid ""
"Cole, Daniel H. “Learning from Lin: Lessons and Cautions from the Natural "
"Commons for the Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 2 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7490
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9435
msgid ""
"Creative Commons. 2015 State of the Commons. Mountain View, CA: Creative "
-"Commons, 2015. stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/."
+"Commons, 2015. <ulink url=\"http://stateof.creativecommons.org/2015/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7493
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9440
msgid ""
"Doctorow, Cory. Information Doesn’t Want to Be Free: Laws for the Internet "
"Age. San Francisco: McSweeney’s, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7497
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9444
msgid ""
"Eckhardt, Giana, and Fleura Bardhi. “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing "
-"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. "
-"hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all."
+"at All.” Harvard Business Review, January 28, 2015. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7502
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9449
msgid ""
"Elliott, Patricia W., and Daryl H. Hepting, eds. (2015). Free Knowledge: "
-"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
+"Confronting the Commodification of Human Discovery. Regina, SK: University "
"of Regina Press, 2015. uofrpress.ca/publications/Free-Knowledge (licensed "
"under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7505
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9456
msgid ""
"Eyal, Nir. Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products. With Ryan "
"Hoover. New York: Portfolio, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7508
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9460
msgid ""
"Farley, Joshua, and Ida Kubiszewski. “The Economics of Information in a "
"Post-Carbon Economy.” Chap. 11 in Elliott and Hepting, Free Knowledge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7512
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9465
msgid ""
"Foster, William Landes, Peter Kim, and Barbara Christiansen. “Ten Nonprofit "
-"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring "
-"2009. ssir.org/articles/entry/ten\\_nonprofit\\_funding\\_models."
+"Funding Models.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Spring 2009. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://ssir.org/articles/entry/ten_nonprofit_funding_models\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7515
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9471
msgid ""
"Frischmann, Brett M. Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared "
"Resources. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7519
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9475
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg, "
"eds. Governing Knowledge Commons. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7523
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9480
msgid ""
-"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. Strandburg. "
-"“Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, and "
-"Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
+"Frischmann, Brett M., Michael J. Madison, and Katherine J. "
+"Strandburg. “Governing Knowledge Commons.” Chap. 1 in Frischmann, Madison, "
+"and Strandburg, Governing Knowledge Commons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7526
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9485
msgid ""
-"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
+"Gansky, Lisa. The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing. Reprint with "
"new epilogue. New York: Portfolio, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7529
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9489
msgid ""
-"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New York: "
-"Viking, 2013."
+"Grant, Adam. Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success. New "
+"York: Viking, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7532
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9493
msgid ""
"Haiven, Max. Crises of Imagination, Crises of Power: Capitalism, Creativity "
"and the Commons. New York: Zed Books, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7536
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9497
msgid ""
"Harris, Malcom, ed. Share or Die: Voices of the Get Lost Generation in the "
"Age of Crisis. With Neal Gorenflo. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7539
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9502
msgid ""
"Hermida, Alfred. Tell Everyone: Why We Share and Why It Matters. Toronto: "
"Doubleday Canada, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7542
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9506
msgid ""
"Hyde, Lewis. Common as Air: Revolution, Art, and Ownership. New York: "
"Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7545
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9510
msgid ""
"———. The Gift: Creativity and the Artist in the Modern World. 2nd Vintage "
"Books edition. New York: Vintage Books, 2007."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7548
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9514
msgid ""
"Kelley, Tom, and David Kelley. Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Potential "
"within Us All. New York: Crown, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7551
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9518
msgid ""
"Kelly, Marjorie. Owning Our Future: The Emerging Ownership Revolution; "
"Journeys to a Generative Economy. San Francisco:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7553
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9522
msgid "Berrett-Koehler, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7556
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9525
msgid ""
"Kleon, Austin. Show Your Work: 10 Ways to Share Your Creativity and Get "
"Discovered. New York: Workman, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7559
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9529
msgid ""
"———. Steal Like an Artist: 10 Things Nobody Told You about Being "
"Creative. New York: Workman, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7562
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9533
msgid ""
-"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
+"Kramer, Bryan. Shareology: How Sharing Is Powering the Human Economy. New "
"York: Morgan James, 2016."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7565
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9537
msgid ""
"Lee, David. “Inside Medium: An Attempt to Bring Civility to the Internet.” "
-"BBC News, March 3, 2016. www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680"
+"BBC News, March 3, 2016. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35709680\"/>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7568
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9542
msgid ""
"Lessig, Lawrence. Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid "
"Economy. New York: Penguin Press, 2008."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7571
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9546
msgid ""
"Menzies, Heather. Reclaiming the Commons for the Common Good: A Memoir and "
"Manifesto. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7574
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9550
msgid ""
"Mason, Paul. Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future. New York: Farrar, Straus "
"and Giroux, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7578
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9554
msgid ""
"New York Times Customer Insight Group. The Psychology of Sharing: Why Do "
-"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, "
-"2011. www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf."
+"People Share Online? New York: New York Times Customer Insight Group, 2011. "
+"<ulink url=\"http://www.iab.net/media/file/POSWhitePaper.pdf\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7582
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9560
msgid ""
-"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, NJ: "
-"John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at "
-"strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation."
+"Osterwalder, Alex, and Yves Pigneur. Business Model Generation. Hoboken, "
+"NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. A preview of the book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/business-model-generation\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7586
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9566
msgid ""
-"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
+"Osterwalder, Alex, Yves Pigneur, Greg Bernarda, and Adam Smith. Value "
"Proposition Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. A preview of the "
-"book is available at strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design."
+"book is available at <ulink "
+"url=\"http://strategyzer.com/books/value-proposition-design\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7589
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9572
msgid ""
"Palmer, Amanda. The Art of Asking: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Let "
"People Help. New York: Grand Central, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7595
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9576
msgid ""
"Pekel, Joris. Democratising the Rijksmuseum: Why Did the Rijksmuseum Make "
"Available Their Highest Quality Material without Restrictions, and What Are "
-"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, "
-"2014. pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum (licensed "
-"under CC BY-SA)."
+"the Results? The Hague, Netherlands: Europeana Foundation, 2014. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://pro.europeana.eu/publication/democratising-the-rijksmuseum\"/> "
+"(licensed under CC BY-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7600
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9584
msgid ""
-"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
-"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. "
-"www.academia.edu/27143172/The\\_City\\_as\\_Commons\\_a\\_Policy\\_Reader "
+"Ramos, José Maria, ed. The City as Commons: A Policy Reader. Melbourne, "
+"Australia: Commons Transition Coalition, 2016. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.academia.edu/27143172/The_City_as_Commons_a_Policy_Reader\"/> "
"(licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7605
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9590
msgid ""
"Raymond, Eric S. The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open "
"Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. Rev. ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly "
-"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” "
-"www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/."
+"Media, 2001. See esp. “The Magic Cauldron.” <ulink "
+"url=\"http://www.catb.org/esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/\"/>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7609
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9596
msgid ""
"Ries, Eric. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous "
"Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. New York: Crown "
"Business, 2011."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7613
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9601
msgid ""
"Rifkin, Jeremy. The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the "
-"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
+"Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. New York: Palgrave "
"Macmillan, 2014."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7615
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9606
msgid "Rowe, Jonathan. Our Common Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2013."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7618
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9610
msgid ""
"Rushkoff, Douglas. Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the "
"Enemy of Prosperity. New York: Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7621
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9614
msgid ""
-"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
+"Sandel, Michael J. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. New "
"York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7624
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9618
msgid ""
"Shirky, Clay. Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into "
"Collaborators. London, England: Penguin Books, 2010."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7627
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9622
msgid ""
"Slee, Tom. What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy. New York: OR "
"Books, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7630
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9626
msgid ""
"Stephany, Alex. The Business of Sharing: Making in the New Sharing "
"Economy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7633
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9630
msgid ""
"Stepper, John. Working Out Loud: For a Better Career and Life. New York: "
"Ikigai Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7636
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9634
msgid ""
"Sull, Donald, and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt. Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a "
"Complex World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7639
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9638
msgid ""
"Sundararajan, Arun. The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise "
"of Crowd-Based Capitalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7641
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9642
msgid "Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7645
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9646
msgid ""
"Tapscott, Don, and Alex Tapscott. Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology "
-"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
+"Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World. Toronto: "
"Portfolio, 2016."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7648
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9651
msgid ""
"Tharp, Twyla. The Creative Habit: Learn It and Use It for Life. With Mark "
"Reiter. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7651
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9655
msgid ""
"Tkacz, Nathaniel. Wikipedia and the Politics of Openness. Chicago: "
"University of Chicago Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7657
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9659
msgid ""
-"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
+"Van Abel, Bass, Lucas Evers, Roel Klaassen, and Peter Troxler, eds. Open "
"Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive. Amsterdam: BIS Publishers, "
"with Creative Commons Netherlands; Premsela, the Netherlands Institute for "
-"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. opendesignnow.org (licensed "
-"under CC BY-NC-SA)."
+"Design and Fashion; and the Waag Society, 2011. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://opendesignnow.org\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-SA)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7661
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9667
msgid ""
"Van den Hoff, Ronald. Mastering the Global Transition on Our Way to Society "
-"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. "
-"society30.com/get-the-book/ (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"3.0. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Society 3.0 Foundation, 2014. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://society30.com/get-the-book/\"/> (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7664
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9673
msgid ""
-"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. "
-"web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm (licensed under CC BY-NC-ND)."
+"Von Hippel, Eric. Democratizing Innovation. London: MIT Press, 2005. <ulink "
+"url=\"http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/democ1.htm\"/> (licensed under CC "
+"BY-NC-ND)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7667
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9678
msgid ""
"Whitehurst, Jim. The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and "
"Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7669
-msgid "## Acknowledgments"
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9683
+msgid "Acknowledgments"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7675
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9685
msgid ""
"We extend special thanks to Creative Commons CEO Ryan Merkley, the Creative "
"Commons Board, and all of our Creative Commons colleagues for "
"this project."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7679
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9692
msgid ""
"Huge appreciation to all the Made with Creative Commons interviewees for "
-"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
+"sharing their stories with us. You make the commons come alive. Thanks for "
"the inspiration."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7685
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9697
msgid ""
"We interviewed more than the twenty-four organizations profiled in this "
"book. We extend special thanks to Gooru, OERu, Sage Bionetworks, and Medium "
"visit your sites and explore your work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7690
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9705
msgid ""
"This book was made possible by the generous support of 1,687 Kickstarter "
"backers listed below. We especially acknowledge our many Kickstarter "
"feedback. Heartfelt thanks to all of you."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:7737
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9711
msgid ""
"Co-editor Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): Abraham "
"Taherivand, Alan Graham, Alfredo Louro, Anatoly Volynets, Aurora Thornton, "
"Yancey Strickler"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Plain text
-#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.md:8090
+#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
+#: MadewithCreativeCommonsmostup-to-dateversion.xml:9762
msgid ""
-"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
+"All other Kickstarter backers (alphabetically by first name): A. Lee, Aaron "
"C. Rathbun, Aaron Stubbs, Aaron Suggs, Abdul Razak Manaf, Abraham "
"Taherivand, Adam Croom, Adam Finer, Adam Hansen, Adam Morris, Adam Procter, "
"Adam Quirk, Adam Rory Porter, Adam Simmons, Adam Tinworth, Adam Zimmerman, "
"Alexander Brunner, Alexander Eliesen, Alexander Hawson, Alexander Klar, "
"Alexander Neumann, Alexander Plaum, Alexander Wendland, Alexandre "
"Rafalovitch, Alexey Volkow, Alexi Wheeler, Alexis Sevault, Alfredo Louro, "
-"Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison "
+"Ali Sternburg, Alicia Gibb & Lunchbox Electronics, Alison Link, Alison "
"Pentecost, Alistair Boettiger, Alistair Walder, Alix Bernier, Allan "
"Callaghan, Allen Riddell, Allison Breland Crotwell, Allison Jane Smith, "
"Álvaro Justen, Amanda Palmer, Amanda Wetherhold, Amit Bagree, Amit Tikare, "
"Woods, Angela Brett, Angeliki Kapoglou, Angus Keenan, Anne-Marie Scott, "
"Antero Garcia, Antoine Authier, Antoine Michard, Anton Kurkin, Anton "
"Porsche, Antònia Folguera, António Ornelas, Antonis Triantafyllakis, aois21 "
-"publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, "
+"publishing, April Johnson, Aria F. Chernik, Ariane Allan, Ariel Katz, "
"Arithmomaniac, Arnaud Tessier, Arnim Sommer, Ashima Bawa, Ashley Elsdon, "
"Athanassios Diacakis, Aurora Thornton, Aurore Chavet Henry, Austin "
"Hartzheim, Austin Tolentino, Avner Shanan, Axel Pettersson, Axel "
"Carolyn Rude, Carrie Cousins, Carrie Watkins, Casey Hunt, Casey Milford, "
"Casey Powell Shorthouse, Cat Cooper, Cecilie Maria, Cedric Howe, Cefn Hoile, "
"@ShrimpingIt, Celia Muller, Ces Keller, Chad Anderson, Charles Butler, "
-"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, "
+"Charles Carstensen, Charles Chi Thoi Le, Charles Kobbe, Charles S. Tritt, "
"Charles Stanhope, Charlotte Ong-Wisener, Chealsye Bowley, Chelle Destefano, "
"Chenpang Chou, Cheryl Corte, Cheryl Todd, Chip Dickerson, Chip McIntosh, "
"Chris Bannister, Chris Betcher, Chris Coleman, Chris Conway, Chris Foote "
"Eriksson, David Gallagher, David H. Bronke, David Hartley, David Hellam, "
"David Hood, David Hunter, David jlaietta, David Lewis, David Mason, David "
"Mcconville, David Mikula, David Nelson, David Orban, David Parry, David "
-"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
+"Spira, David T. Kindler, David Varnes, David Wiley, David Wormley, Deborah "
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projects / text-madewithcc.git / blobdiff